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Due to the widely documented and diverse toxic effects of acrylamide, the authors decided to evaluate the impact of high and low doses of this compound on the process of granulopoiesis in porcine bone marrow.

Due to the widespread occurrence of acrylamide in the environment, its likely carcinogen status, and the suitability of the pig model as a human analogue, the authors decided to evaluate the impact of high and low doses of this compound on the processes of erythropoiesis in swine bone marrow.

Introduction: Statins are pharmacological agents commonly used to lower serum cholesterol level. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the statin simvastatin on thrombopoiesis in the porcine model because it is the closest to the human one regarding physiological and genetic similarities.

Introduction: In calves, hyposelenosis degenerates skeletal muscles in different parts of the body. The extent of damage to muscle cells can be diagnosed by determining the activity of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The aim of this study was to analyse variations in the serum levels of LDH isoenzymes in calves with nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD), to determine the applicability of this parameter for diagnosing NMD, and to describe the influence of hyposelenosis on total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (CHOL) levels.

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance widely used in industry for the production of polycarbonates and epoxy resins used in packaging and containers for beverages, contact lenses, compact discs (CDs), window panes, and many other elements. This compound belongs to the group of polyphenols and xenoestrogens commonly found in the human environment. What we know about BPA is still insufficient to enable us to protect our health against its adverse effects, and current knowledge of the influence of BPA on erythroblastic cell lines in bone marrow is rather fragmentary. The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of two doses of BPA (0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg b.w. per day) on myeloid haematopoiesis.

Simvastatin is a substance which is commonly used as a medicine to reduce cholesterol level. Unfortunately, it shows numerous side effects. Simvastatin affects various internal organs, and among other detriments to health may cause persistent muscle weakness, osteolytic processes, headaches, and rashes. Until now knowledge of the influence of simvastatin on bone marrow cells has been rather scant and fragmentary.

The COVID-19 pandemic compromised the principles underlying the functioning of public health, which is understood as the prevention of diseases and care for the health of entire communities. During the pandemic period, the efforts of the health system focused on patients with suspected infection and those infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which led to changes in the provision of health services and the characteristics of patients receiving medical services at the pre-hospital stage. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on potential health emergencies in paediatric patients based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). The data used in the study were derived from interventions carried out by Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) in central and eastern Poland, involving patients who were under 18 years of age (n = 12,619). The data were collected from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. The study used descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U Test, and the Chi-square test. The study reveals that fewer paediatric patients (5.28%) were provided medical services by EMTs during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (5.86%). There was a decrease in the number of injuries in paediatric patients (from 42.0 to 32.7%; p

Abstract Some of the multiple autoimmune diseases have been already associated with IL-13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, there are only few studies regarding multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and IL-13 rs20541 (R130Q) polymorphism, and their results are conflicting. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of the IL-13 gene rs20541 (R130Q) polymorphism in MS participants and its association with MS clinical subsets in the Polish population. We conducted a case‒control study including 94 relapsing remitting MS patients and 160 healthy volunteers. We genotyped the rs20541 polymorphism in the IL-13 gene and analysed the genotype frequency, age of MS onset and clinical condition (EDSS values) of the MS participants. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis, and the log-linear model was applied to test for associations. Allele A, as well as the AA and AG genotypes, was observed to be significantly more common in the MS subjects. The OR (odds ratio) for the A compared to the G allele was 1.71 (1.14–2.56), whereas OR 2.33 (0.86–6.26) and OR 1.92 (1.11–3.30) were obtained for the AA and AG genotypes, respectively. We did not identify any significant associations of the studied IL-13 SNP with the investigated clinical parameters of the MS participants. Our results suggest that the rs20541 polymorphism in the IL-13 gene may play an important role in MS predisposition but not in investigated clinical parameters in MS subjects of the Polish population.

Objective: The objective of the article is the identification and assessment of labour market operation efficiency and stability of matching mechanisms from the microstructure perspective of labour market dynamics via the relationship between distortions in the level and slope of the Beveridge curve. We studied the US labour market dynamics and identified potential structural changes in the job matching mechanisms. The long-term relationship between the level and slope of the Beveridge curve suggested that the underlying level of unemployment matched the labour market’s elasticity in response to changes in job vacancies. Research Design & Methods: The main design of our article was a quantitative analysis of the Beveridge curve shifts. We used a data set consisting of monthly information on job vacancies and the unemployment rate of the US labour market from 2000 to 2022. Using a dynamic rolling scheme with a fixed window size, we extracted time series parameters of the Beveridge curve. We then proceed to apply the VECM(1) model to establish the relationship between these parameters. Findings: We have found the stability of the matching mechanism in the long term and the relatively weaker or instantaneous adjustment mechanisms in the short term. We also addressed the absence of evidence regarding Granger causality and its implications. Implications & Recommendations: The identification of elasticity of the Beveridge curve should guide policymakers towards integrated and adaptive strategies that address both structural and dynamic aspects of the labour market. Regular monitoring and evaluation will be crucial to ensuring that policies remain effective in the evolving economic landscape. Contribution & Value Added: Unlike previous literature on the subject, which primarily relied on static analyses and limited time frames, we took a pioneering step by incorporating monthly data on job vacancies and unemployment rate spanning over two decades, from 2000 to 2022. This inclusion allowed us to encompass the period of the COVID-19 outbreak, providing a comprehensive understanding of the matching mechanism’s behaviour as a cornerstone for entrepreneurship during times of extraordinary economic stress.

The role of the emergency medical system is to provide assistance to every person in a state in the event of a sudden threat to health and life. Emergency medical teams (EMTs) are an important element of this system, making diagnoses based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The study was aimed at analysing the causes of EMT intervention based on groups of diagnoses codified according to the ICD-10. The analysis was based on data from 116,278 EMT interventions in central-eastern Poland in 2017-2019. The research showed that EMT most often made diagnoses based on groups of ICD-10 codes: R00-R99-Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (39.11%); S00-T98-Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes (18.23%); and I00-I99-Diseases of the circulatory system (15.57%). The analysis of the obtained results showed statistically significant differences (p

BackgroundMany individuals who use the sauna at a temperature of 120°C of higher are not aware of the negative consequences of extreme thermal stress. Despite extensive research into sauna use, the impact of extreme thermal stress on the physiological and psychological characteristics of sauna users have not been examined to date.AimThe aim was to determine the effect of 20 min sauna sessions with a temperature of 80°C and 120°C on the physiological and psychological characteristics of women who sporadically visit the sauna.MethodsThe study was conducted on 22 full-time female university students. Physical activity (PA) levels were evaluated with the Polish short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric characteristics were measured before the first sauna session by the InBody270 body composition analyzer. Physiological parameters, including heart, energy expenditure, physical effort, and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure – SBP, and diastolic blood pressure – DBP), were assessed indirectly using Polar V800 heart rate monitors and the Omron M6 Comfort blood pressure monitor. The participants’ wellbeing was assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The presence of significant correlations between heat exhaustion and heat stress variables and syncope during the second sauna session was examined with the use of classification and regression trees (CRT) and the cross-validation technique.ResultsTwenty-minute sauna sessions with a temperature of 80°C and 120°C induced a significant (p

Pedunculagin is a widely abundant ellagitannin found in the plant kingdom, with a chemical structure featuring two hexahydroxydiphenoyl units linked to a glucose core. It has demonstrated various biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial effects. This review aims to summarize the bioactivities, chemistry, and health-promoting properties of pedunculagin and plant preparations containing it. It is the first comprehensive summary covering pedunculagin's chemistry, sources, metabolism, and other relevant research. The search databases were Google Scholar, EBSCO Discovery Service, REAXYS Database, SCILIT, SCOPUS, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct/ELSEVIER, WordCat, and Taylor and Francis Online. All the databases were methodically searched for data published from 1911 until 2024. Various biological effects were proven in vitro for pedunculagin; however, due to the limited availability of the isolated compound, they have not been so far directly confirmed on more advanced in vivo and clinical models. However, its bioactivity can be deduced from studies conducted for plant preparations containing this ellagitannin as a dominant constituent, consequently indicating beneficial health effects. Further studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanism of action following topical application as well as the contribution of gut microbiota postbiotic metabolites– urolithins–being formed following the oral ingestion of preparations containing pedunculagin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inequalities in human capital most often affect other spheres of life. It is people who create innovation, so the unequal distribution of human capital and innovation in the regions leads to development disparities between regions. This, in turn, is a force inhibiting the achievement of higher levels of prosperity at the national level. The existing studies mainly focus on the assessment of disparities in development between countries. Although understandings of mechanisms of regional disparities, i.e., assessment of how and whether disparities are disappearing or widening under current socio-economic conditions is crucial to economic stability and cohesion, the problem of determinants of development and the pace of development between regions has rarely been studied in the economic literature. The purpose of the article, therefore, is to show how quickly weaker regions are catching up with more developed regions and that regional disparities are mainly the result of uneven human capital accumulation. The authors wonder if human capital in the regions is used similarly to create innovation. Hence, they examine the rate of development of these two relationships. The research: (1) determines the pace of development and adjustment processes by using the dynamic time warping method, (2) discovers if human capital is the main driver of regional disparities and is fully utilized in the creation of innovativeness. First published online 23 February 2023

Background: Patients during radiotherapy due to head and neck cancers experience a lot of side effects which may have a considerable impact on the patients’ ability to meet individual daily energy demands by means of oral diet. Methods: The study included 104 head and neck cancer patients who qualified for radical radiotherapy. Radical treatment takes 6 weeks and every week the patients were assessed for dietary intake. The subjects were covered with the constant care of a dietician, received FSMP (food for special medical purposes), and, if necessary, enteral nutrition. Results: In the first week of treatment, the patients, from the kitchen diet alone, met 91.5% of the energy demand, while in the last week of treatment, only 40.9%. After introducing the FSMP or enteral nutrition, the patients met 120% of the demand in the first week of therapy and 95% in the last week, respectively. The patients who followed the dietary recommendations were characterized by significantly lower weight loss (3.07 kg) compared to non-adherent patients (5.56 kg). Conclusions: The used therapy significantly contributed to decreasing nutritional intake in the subsequent weeks of treatment. On the other hand, incorporating FSMP in the diet and enteral nutrition with industrial diets significantly increased the fulfilled energy demand of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite organised efforts, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the health status of the population and health services including the emergency medical system. The objective of the study was to investigate, based on the Emergency Medical Teams' (EMT) interventions, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and life emergencies resulting from illness cases and injuries of Polish females and males. Material and Methods: The data under analysis concern EMT interventions carried out in central and eastern Poland from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022 (n = 226,038). The study used descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U Test, and the Chi-square test. Results: A significant increase was observed in the proportion of EMT interventions (p < 0.001) to patients with illness cases (80.30% vs. 83.17%) and a decrease in interventions to patients with injuries (19.70% vs. 16.83%) during the pandemic as compared to the pre-pandemic period. As for illness cases, the patients' ages during both periods were similar (Me = 66.00 vs. 66.00, p = 0.071). On the other hand, during the pandemic, injuries mainly affected elderly patients as compared to the pre-pandemic period (Me = 50.00 vs. 47.00, p < 0.001). The increase in the proportion of EMT interventions to patients with illness cases and the decrease in patients with injuries during the pandemic, as compared to the pre-pandemic period, concerned the area of intervention, patient's sex, and age. During the pandemic period, a significantly lower proportion of patients transported to the hospital (p < 0.001) and an increase in the proportion of patients left at the place of call (p < 0.001) were noted. Conclusions: The restrictions aimed at preventing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus contributed to a reduced number of injuries without, however, reducing the number of illness cases. During the pandemic, the elderly were affected by injuries. The study indicates the need for further in-depth analyses to prepare the pre-hospital care system in Poland for the occurrence of other or similar emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the emergency medical system is to provide assistance to every person in a state in the event of a sudden threat to health and life. Emergency medical teams (EMTs) are an important element of this system, making diagnoses based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The study was aimed at analysing the causes of EMT intervention based on groups of diagnoses codified according to the ICD-10. The analysis was based on data from 116,278 EMT interventions in central-eastern Poland in 2017-2019. The research showed that EMT most often made diagnoses based on groups of ICD-10 codes: R00-R99-Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (39.11%); S00-T98-Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes (18.23%); and I00-I99-Diseases of the circulatory system (15.57%). The analysis of the obtained results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001) regarding the area of intervention (urban, rural), sex, age of the patient, and the method of completion of the activities by EMTs in relation to the group of ICD-10 diagnoses for the diagnosis. The conducted study showed the actual reasons for EMT calls. The use of the ICD-10 classification has practical application in EMTs, as it enables the identification of a disease or health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radical treatment for advanced gastric cancer is gastrectomy. This procedure disrupts the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. After surgery, nausea, heartburn, biliary regurgitation, feeling early satiety, belching, lack of appetite and swallowing problems are reported to affect food intake. Decreased absorption, loss of nutrients and increased energy requirements of cancer patients lead to weight loss and the development of malnutrition. After gastrectomy, the composition of the intestinal microbiome changes, the exocrine activity of the pancreas decreases and deficiency-metabolic disorders (including iron, vitamin B12, zinc, and vitamin D) develop. Approximately 60-70% of gastrectomy patients experience a clinically significant deterioration in their quality of life. Nutritional management should include dietary modification, appropriate nutritional supplementation and close monitoring of the nutritional status of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Malnutrition in cancer patients is a severe clinical problem. One of the factors determining nutritional status is nutritional intake. The ability to provide adequate oral nutrition in cancer patients is mainly determined by the location and advancement of the disease, the type of oncological treatment, as well as the severity of the side effects of the therapy. Food intake is often reduced in cancer patients, leading to weight loss. Assessment of the nutritional intake requires a unique approach due to various limitations and conditions that do not occur in healthy people and the frequent deficiencies of multiple nutrients. In the context of preventing and treating malnutrition, cooperation between a doctor and a dietitian is crucial. Dietary counselling is the first step of nutritional intervention and can be offered to most patients. According to The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) recommendations, dietary counselling supported by oral nutritional supplements has a recommendation grade of “A” according to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). Success in maintaining or improving the patient’s nutritional status depends on efficient cooperation between the doctor and dietitian. This publication aims to present the tasks of a dietitian and the principles of collaboration with a doctor in the nutritional care of cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium deficiency is still a global problem in livestock husbandry, and this micronutrient is commonly supplemented in ruminants around the world, especially during the neonatal period. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of selenium and vitamin E supplementation in young goats in the neonatal period on the activity of the process of thrombopoiesis based on cytological evaluation of bone marrow smears. Twelve clinically healthy goats at the age of 2 days divided into two equal groups (n=6) participated in the study. Only animals from the experimental group received a single dose of Se and vitamin E on the second day of life. Bone marrow was collected three times (2nd day of life and after 15 and 25 days), stained with the MGG method, and subjected to cytological evaluation. Peripheral blood smears were also analyzed three times. The bone marrow cells in the group receiving the supplement absorbed dyes faster and more intensively than the same cells in the control animals. The numbers of megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes were higher in goats from the experimental group than in the control group, which indicated the intensification of thrombopoiesis in animals supplemented with selenium and vitamin E. The results of the morphological tests clearly indicated an increase in the number of platelets and a higher platelet volume in experimental group. It can be concluded that selenium and vitamin E supplementation has a positive impact on the thrombopoiesis in caprine bone marrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]