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4. A Public Barrier Tracker to Support the Web Accessibility Directive

Author

Alarcon, Diane, Andreasson, Kim, Mucha, Justyna, Nietzio, Annika, Sawicka, Agata, Snaprud, Mikael, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, and Kouroupetroglou, Georgios, editor

Published
2018
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5. Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications

Author

Snaprud, Mikael, Radianti, Jaziar, Svindseth, Dag, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-chief, Sakarovitch, Jacques, Series editor, Goedicke, Michael, Series editor, Tatnall, Arthur, Series editor, Neuhold, Erich J., Series editor, Pras, Aiko, Series editor, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Series editor, Pries-Heje, Jan, Series editor, Whitehouse, Diane, Series editor, Reis, Ricardo, Series editor, Furnell, Steven, Series editor, Furbach, Ulrich, Series editor, Winckler, Marco, Series editor, Rauterberg, Matthias, Series editor, Murayama, Yuko, editor, Velev, Dimiter, editor, Zlateva, Plamena, editor, and Gonzalez, Jose J., editor

Published
2017
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6. Web Page Clustering for More Efficient Website Accessibility Evaluations

Author

Mucha, Justyna, Snaprud, Mikael, Nietzio, Annika, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Bühler, Christian, editor, and Penaz, Petr, editor

Published
2016
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7. Benefits and Challenges of Combining Automated and User Testing to Enhance e-Accessibility – The European Internet Inclusion Initiative

Author

Snaprud, Mikael, Rasta, Kamyar, Andreasson, Kim, Nietzio, Annika, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Fels, Deborah, editor, Archambault, Dominique, editor, Peňáz, Petr, editor, and Zagler, Wolfgang, editor

Published
2014
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8. Following the WCAG 2.0 Techniques: Experiences from Designing a WCAG 2.0 Checking Tool

Author

Nietzio, Annika, Eibegger, Mandana, Goodwin, Morten, Snaprud, Mikael, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Karshmer, Arthur, editor, Penaz, Petr, editor, and Zagler, Wolfgang, editor

Published
2012
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9. Accessibility of eGovernment Web Sites: Towards a Collaborative Retrofitting Approach

Author

Nietzio, Annika, Olsen, Morten Goodwin, Eibegger, Mandana, Snaprud, Mikael, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Klaus, Joachim, editor, Zagler, Wolfgang, editor, and Karshmer, Arthur, editor

Published
2010
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10. Automatic Checking of Alternative Texts on Web Pages

Author

Olsen, Morten Goodwin, Snaprud, Mikael, Nietzio, Annika, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Klaus, Joachim, editor, Zagler, Wolfgang, editor, and Karshmer, Arthur, editor

Published
2010
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11. Monitoring Accessibility of Governmental Web Sites in Europe

Author

Bühler, Christian, Heck, Helmut, Nietzio, Annika, Olsen, Morten Goodwin, Snaprud, Mikael, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Klaus, Joachim, editor, Zagler, Wolfgang, editor, and Karshmer, Arthur, editor

Published
2008
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12. A Unified Web Evaluation Methodology Using WCAG

Author

Velleman, Eric, Strobbe, Christophe, Koch, Johannes, Velasco, Carlos A., Snaprud, Mikael, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Stephanidis, Constantine, editor

Published
2007
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13. Large Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation - A European Perspective

Author

Snaprud, Mikael, Sawicka, Agata, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Stephanidis, Constantine, editor

Published
2007
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14. History of ICT

Author

Duque, Rick, Collins, Martin, Abbate, Janet, Azambuja, Celso Candido, Snaprud, Mikael, Shrum, Wesley, editor, Benson, Keith R., editor, Bijker, Wiebe E., editor, and Brunnstein, Klaus, editor

Published
2007
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15. The Role of Benchmarking in Concerted Actions to Increase Accessibility

Author

Aslaksen, Finn, Fardal, Frank, Snaprud, Mikael, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Klaus, Joachim, editor, Zagler, Wolfgang L., editor, and Karshmer, Arthur I., editor

Published
2006
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16. A Proposed Architecture for Large Scale Web Accessibility Assessment

Author

Snaprud, Mikael Holmesland, Ulltveit-Moe, Nils, Pillai, Anand Balachandran, Olsen, Morten Goodwin, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Klaus, Joachim, editor, Zagler, Wolfgang L., editor, and Karshmer, Arthur I., editor

Published
2006
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17. Modelling Accessibility Constraints

Author

Gjøsæter, Terje, Nytun, Jan Pettersen, Prinz, Andreas, Snaprud, Mikael, Tveit, Merete Skjelten, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Miesenberger, Klaus, editor, Klaus, Joachim, editor, Zagler, Wolfgang L., editor, and Karshmer, Arthur I., editor

Published
2006
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18. Project report : Lessons learned from terminology harmonisation

Author

Snaprud, Mikael and Munkvold, Bjørn Erik

Subjects
National readiness and crisis management, VDP::Library and information science: 320, Standardisering, Nasjonal beredskap og krisehåndtering, VDP::Biblioteks- og informasjonsvitenskap: 320, Begrepsdefinisjon, Standardisation, Terminologi, Terminology, Concept definition
Abstract

A common understanding of language and the meaning of concepts is needed for communications in general, and can be crucial to save lives in large rescue operations. Redningshåndboka (the National Rescue handbook) provides a common glossary for first responders’ communications across all sectors in training and practice. However, today each sector maintains their own glossaries, acronyms and jargon, causing potential misunderstandings in joint operations. In this report we outline lessons learned from national and international standardisation and additional practical project outcomes to contribute to terminology harmonisation from the INSITU project.

Published
2022

20. Project report : Evaluering av INSITU skogbrannøvelse

Author

Munkvold, Bjørn Erik, Gjøsæter, Terje, Hagen, Dag Auby, Opach, Tomasz, Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth, Radianti, Jaziar, Rustenberg, Kjetil, Rød, Jan Ketil, Snaprud, Mikael, and Steen-Tveit, Kristine

Subjects
VDP::Teknologi: 500::Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi: 550::Geografiske informasjonssystemer: 555, VDP::Informasjons- og kommunikasjonssystemer: 321, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsvitenskap: 420
Abstract

Rapporten presenterer resultater fra evaluering av en digital tabletop-øvelse arrangert av INSITU-prosjektet i april 2021, der scenarioet omfattet 3 samtidige skogbranner i Agder. Hensikt med øvelsen var å gi erfaring med hvordan situasjonsbilde kan deles fra innsatsleder til sentrale myndigheter med bruk av felles digital kartstøtte. Øvelsen involverte ca. 70 deltagere fra 20 etater og organisasjoner, i tillegg til prosjektgruppen fra INSITU.

Published
2021

21. Evaluering av INSITU skogbrannøvelse

Author

Munkvold, Bjørn Erik, Gjøsæter, Terje, Hagen, Dag Auby, Opach, Tomasz, Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth, Radianti, Jaziar, Rustenberg, Kjetil, Rød, Jan Ketil, Snaprud, Mikael, and Steen-Tveit, Kristine

Subjects
National readiness and crisis management, Situational awareness, Nasjonal beredskap og krisehåndtering, Beredskapsøvelse, Information and communication systems: 321 [VDP], Geographical information systems, Informasjons- og kommunikasjonssystemer: 321 [VDP], Emergency exercise, Situasjonsforståelse, Geografiske informasjonssystemer
Abstract

SAMRISK-prosjektet INSITU ledet av Senter for integrert krisehåndtering (CIEM) ved Universitetet i Agder arrangerte en digital tabletop-øvelse 7.-8. april 2021. Hensikt med øvelsen var å gi erfaring med hvordan situasjonsbilde kan deles fra innsatsleder til sentrale myndigheter med bruk av felles digital kartstøtte. Scenario for øvelsen omfattet 3 samtidige skogbranner i Agder, lokalisert i Kvinesdal, Kristiansand og Arendal. Dreiebok ble utarbeidet av brannsjefene ved Brannvesenet Sør IKS, Kristiansandsregionen brann og redning IKS og Østre Agder brannvesen, i samarbeid med assisterende fylkesberedskapssjef ved Statsforvalteren i Agder. I alle tre brannscenarioene var kritisk infrastruktur truet og i Kristiansand var også sykehuset berørt av røyk. Ansvarlige etater for berørt infrastruktur ble derfor også aktivert i øvelsen. Totalt omfattet øvelsen ca. 70 deltagere fra 20 etater og organisasjoner, i tillegg til prosjektgruppen fra INSITU. Øvelsen ga deltagerne mulighet til å prøve ut deling av situasjonsbilde ved bruk av DSB kartmodul for skogbrann, som eksempel på mer samordnet bruk av kartstøtte. I tillegg ble Nødnett benyttet, med mulighet for bruk av en felles talegruppe for alle deltagerne. I forkant av øvelsen ble det lagt ut en nettbasert opplæringspakke med instruksjonsvideoer og oppgaver, og på øvelsens første dag ble det gjennomført ytterligere opplæring og oppgaveløsning i form av en halvdags sesjon i MS Teams. Evaluering fra øvelsen er basert på observasjon under øvelsen, spørreundersøkelser i etterkant av opplæring og øvelse, og gruppeintervjuer med representanter for deltagerorganisasjonene. Deltagerne gir tilbakemelding om en godt planlagt og gjennomført øvelse med et realistisk scenario. Øvelsen har bidratt til helhetsforståelse av behov for samvirke mellom aktører på ulike nivå i en større skogbrann, og synliggjort potensiale for deling av situasjonsbilde ved bruk av felles digitalt kartgrunnlag i kombinasjon med bruk av Nødnett. Videre har øvelsen gitt detaljerte innspill til videre utvikling av DSBs kartsystem, og synliggjort behov for videre utvikling av rutiner og maler for informasjonsutveksling mellom ulike nivå. INSITU-prosjektet vil bidra til videre oppfølging av læringspunkter fra øvelsen, i samarbeid med de involverte aktører.

Published
2021

22. Project report: Requirements specification

Author

Munkvold, Bjørn Erik, Opach, Tomasz, Radianti, Jaziar, Rød, Jan Ketil, Snaprud, Mikael, Grottenberg, Lars Ole, Pilemalm, Sofie, Bunker, Deborah, Majchrzak, Tim A., Hagen, Dag Auby, Moen, Eivind, and Steen-Tveit, Kristine

Subjects
VDP::Social science: 200
Abstract

The SAMRISK project “Sharing incident and threat information for common situational understanding“ (INSITU) commenced in May 2019. The INSITU project develops solutions for establishing a common situational understanding in complex operations requiring collaboration between several agencies. This involves systematic analysis of existing information sources and defining the information elements that are critical to share in different phases of a crisis situation. In addition, the project will develop procedures and related tool support for efficient collection and integration of information. As part of this work, the project contributes to harmonisation of terminology across agencies to secure effective communication. A map-based interface for display of information from different digital map resources will be developed, as a basis for a common operational picture (COP). This solution will also support evaluation and learning from incidents and emergency exercises. Based on a review of related research, the report briefly summarises the state of the art for the areas focused in the project. Through interviews and discussions with emergency stakeholders, field observation during an exercise, and field visits at operations centres, current practice for information sharing and establishing a COP is analysed. Based on the expressed needs from the emergency stakeholders and our analysis of current practice, the report specifies a set of requirements for information sharing, harmonisation of terminology, use of common map resources, and technology support for evaluation and learning from incidents.

Published
2020

23. Project report : Methodology for terminology harmonisation

Author

Snaprud, Mikael, Haldorsen, Tommy, and Munkvold, Bjørn Erik

Subjects
National readiness and crisis management, VDP::Kunnskapsgjenfinning og organisering: 323, Nasjonal beredskap og krisehåndtering, Civil protection and crisis management, Crisis management, Krisehåndtering, VDP::Knowledge retrieval and organisation: 323, Terminologi, Terminology, Samfunnssikkerhet og krisehåndtering
Abstract

A common understanding of language and concepts used is essential for any meaningful communication. For large rescue operations effective communication is crucial to save lives. Such operations can require cooperation among first responders from several sectors with a different understanding of terms and concepts. Redningshåndboka (the National Rescue handbook) provides a common glossary for use across all sectors for their communications in training and practice. However, today each sector maintains their own glossaries, acronyms and jargon, causing potential misunderstandings in joint operations. In this report we propose a way to apply the Norwegian Public Management Standard from the Norwegian Digitalisation Agency for concept harmonisation or concept differentiation, to existing glossaries in crisis management. We also propose supporting actions for harmonisation and introduce aspects of oral and written communication related to similarities of sounds and meaning.

Published
2020

24. Sharing Incident and Threat Information for Common Situational Understanding

Author

Munkvold, Bjørn Erik, Radianti, Jaziar, Rød, Jan Ketil, Opach, Tomasz, Snaprud, Mikael, Pilemalm, Sofie, and Bunker, Deborah

Abstract

This paper presents the INSITU research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a common operational picture (COP) and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution developed will provide an interactive map display, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.

Published
2019

25. INVOLVING DIVERSE USERS FOR INCLUSIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.

Author

Skeide Fuglerud, Kristin, Halbach, Till, and Snaprud, Mikael

Subjects
USER-centered system design, UNIVERSAL design, CUSTOMER cocreation, INFORMATION & communication technologies, WORKSHOPS (Facilities)
Abstract

This work discusses recommendations for including diverse users in universal and inclusive design of ICT and discusses some challenges and possibilities of remote user involvement. Related research recommends a user-centered design process, the involvement of individuals with a wide range of abilities and disabilities, and to have user participation in all development stages, such as needs assessment, co-creation sessions and trials. However, there is little guidance in the literature regarding tools and techniques for inclusive co-creation on equal means for all, especially when it comes to remote participation. The paper discusses various methods and techniques for inclusive design that can be performed remotely, including focus groups, workshops, personas, and scenarios. Our analysis suggests that, with the proper tools and techniques, performing such activities remotely can have other advantages than traditional approaches, such as reduced time and costs for both participants and researchers, as well as the potential for greater diversity since one can recruit from a greater geographic area. Finally, we present ongoing work to make use of remote feedback as a valuable tool for user involvement in inclusive design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

26. INVOLVING DIVERSE USERS FOR INCLUSIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.

Author

Fuglerud, Kristin Skeide, Halbach, Till, and Snaprud, Mikael

Subjects
INFORMATION & communication technologies, USER-centered system design, COVID-19 pandemic, GOVERNMENT purchasing, DIGITAL technology, INFORMATION sharing
Abstract

This work discusses recommendations for including diverse users in universal and inclusive design of ICT and discusses some challenges and possibilities of remote user involvement. Related research recommends a user-centered design process, the involvement of individuals with a wide range of abilities and disabilities, and to have user participation in all development stages, such as needs assessment, co-creation sessions and trials. However, there is little guidance in the literature regarding tools and techniques for inclusive co-creation on equal means for all, especially when it comes to remote participation. The paper discusses various methods and techniques for inclusive design that can be performed remotely, including focus groups, workshops, personas, and scenarios. Our analysis suggests that, with the proper tools and techniques, performing such activities remotely can have other advantages than traditional approaches, such as reduced time and costs for both participants and researchers, as well as the potential for greater diversity since one can recruit from a greater geographic area. Finally, we present ongoing work to make use of remote feedback as a valuable tool for user involvement in inclusive design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

27. Data Visualization in Society

Author

Engebretsen, Martin, primary, Kennedy, Helen, additional, Walker, Jill, additional, Aiello, Giorgia, additional, Uberg, Torgeir, additional, Masson, Eef, additional, van, Karin, additional, Laaksonen, Salla-Maaria, additional, Pääkkönen, Juho, additional, Snaprud, Mikael, additional, Velazquez, Andrea, additional, L., Arran, additional, Birchall, Christopher, additional, Geenen, Daniela, additional, Wieringa, Maranke, additional, Simpson, Jill, additional, Weber, Wibke, additional, Tønnessen, Elise Seip, additional, D’Ignazio, Catherine, additional, Bhargava, Rahul, additional, Pinney, Lulu, additional, Archer, Arlene, additional, Noakes, Travis, additional, Brinch, Sara, additional, Hiippala, Tuomo, additional, Gray, Jonathan, additional, Lechner, Verena Elisabeth, additional, Alamalhodaei, Aria, additional, Alberda, Alexandra, additional, Feigenbaum, Anna, additional, Wihbey, John P., additional, Jackson, Sarah J., additional, Cruz, Pedro M., additional, Welles, Brooke Foucault, additional, Hill, Rosemary Lucy, additional, Ricker, Britta, additional, Kraak, Menno-Jan, additional, Engelhardt, Yuri, additional, Berti Suman, Anna, additional, Gutiérrez, Miren, additional, and Cairo, Alberto, additional

Published
2020
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29. SHARING INFORMATION FOR COMMON SITUATIONAL UNDERSTANDING IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

Author

Munkvold, Bjørn Erik, Opach, Tomasz, Pilemalm, Sofie, Radianti, Jaziar, Rød, Jan Ketil, and Snaprud, Mikael

Subjects
INFORMATION sharing, EMERGENCY management, META-analysis, GEOGRAPHIC information systems, PARTICIPATORY design
Abstract

Emergency responders lack support to effectively share information and establish a common operational picture (COP), for reaching shared situational understanding of threats and incidents. This challenge is multifaceted: lack of a systematic overview of information elements that are critical to share in different crisis scenarios; no common map interface in place using standard symbols; and different terminologies used across disciplines, resulting in possible communication and coordination problems. The paper presents a research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a COP and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution to be developed will provide a common map-based interface, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

36. History of ICT

Author

Duque, Rick, primary, Collins, Martin, additional, Abbate, Janet, additional, Azambuja, Celso Candido, additional, and Snaprud, Mikael, additional

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38. Experimentation with a System Dynamics Based Interactive Learning Environment: A Case Study of Accessibility of Norwegian Municipalities Websites.

Author

Abdelgawad, Ahmed, Radianti, Jaziar, Snaprud, Mikael, and Krogstie, John

Subjects
SIMULATION methods & models, INTERACTIVE learning, WEBSITES
Abstract

A System Dynamics (SD) simulation model including factors affecting the accessibility of Norwegian municipal websites was encapsulated in an Interactive Learning Environment (ILE). Accessibility is an important aspect of websites generally and public websites particularly. Many ways could be proposed to enhance accessibility, however the impact of selected actions is hard to predict due to diversification and contradiction, in addition to the existence of the time factor. As the SD model promised to be able to change how users think and take decisions, this ILE was tested by users in an experiment. We have conducted α, ß, and γ change analysis on the results of this experiment. Results showed that the ILE was successful in changing 50% of its users' understanding and perceptions about the system's causal relations and policy options, and helping 30% redefining the standards they use to assess or evaluate these relations and policy options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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45. Better Questions, Better Answers: Structured Web Accessibility Evaluations for Non-Experts.

Author

BÜHLER, Christian, HECK, Helmut, NIETZIO, Annika, BERKER, Frank, and SNAPRUD, Mikael

Abstract

Large scale benchmarking of web accessibility can benefit from human input to complement results produced by automatic evaluation tools. This paper presents a novel method that enables non-experts to provide input on web accessibility. The semi-automatic approach guides the evaluators through a structured process with clear instructions. We present a template to describe different types of user input and an outline of the empirical validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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48. Large Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation - A European Perspective.

Author

Hutchison, David, Kanade, Takeo, Kittler, Josef, Kleinberg, Jon M., Mattern, Friedemann, Mitchell, John C., Naor, Moni, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Pandu Rangan, C., Steffen, Bernhard, Sudan, Madhu, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Tygar, Doug, Vardi, Moshe Y., Weikum, Gerhard, Stephanidis, Constantine, Snaprud, Mikael, and Sawicka, Agata

Abstract

The 2002 eEurope Action Plan advocated adoption of the WAI Content Guidelines in public EU web sites. Many of the European countries have performed web accessibility evaluations. Most of the evaluations are based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines from W3C/WAI. Still, a range of different evaluation methodologies and scoring schemes are deployed across the member states. This makes it hard to compare the web accessibility status between the different EU countries. The European Accessibility Internet Observatory aims to addresses this problem. The Observatory will produce automated, large scale web accessibility measurements based on which a range of monthly benchmarks will be produced and published online. In this way, the benchmarks should provide a useful input to the eAccessibility and eInclusion policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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49. History of ICT.

Author

Shrum, Wesley, Benson, Keith R., Bijker, Wiebe E., Brunnstein, Klaus, Duque, Rick, Collins, Martin, Abbate, Janet, Azambuja, Celso Candido, and Snaprud, Mikael

Abstract

To understand the processes and impacts of a globalizing technology like the Internet, one must account for the historical development of that technology, the process of technology transfer in general, and the local cultural dynamics in unique regions. The Internet will diffuse differently in different regions and among different sectors within those regions. Chile, for historical and cultural factors, should demonstrate a different diffusion and use pattern than India or Kenya. This leads to different definitions of how Internet technologies are constructed within distinct regions and poses challenges for the development of a symmetrical global scientific community fueled by new ICTs. This last statement often weaves itself into the "taken for granted" rhetoric found in multi-lateral conferences like the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). It is simplistic to assume that the Internet will resolve inequities in social, political, economic and even scientific terms. It is a noble perspective, but the last 50 years of development failures based on other western technologies and protocols does not provide much optimism. The following session review highlights the complex factors involved in Internet diffusion, post war history, technological culture, case studies in the developing world, and innovations in technology research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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50. The Role of Benchmarking in Concerted Actions to Increase Accessibility.

Author

Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim, Wolfgang Zagler, Karshmer, Arthur, Aslaksen, Finn, Fardal, Frank, and Snaprud, Mikael

Abstract

This paper covers "soft measures" that can be used in a "stick and carrot" strategy to improve accessibility to web sites. Two examples of benchmarking are presented. The first is the benchmarking of 700 Norwegian public web sites that has been carried out three times the last years, giving experiences on how to carry out the analyses and how to use the results for awareness raising and stimulation to improvement. The second is the planned European Internet Accessibility Observatory, EIAO The project is co-funded by the European Commission DG Information Society and Media, under the contract IST-004526.. This will be capable of large-scale web assessment and may speed up the effects of benchmarking as a tool for awareness raising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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