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2. Metaphors are projected constraints on action: An ecological dynamics view on learning across the disciplines

Author

Abrahamson, D, Sánchez-García, R, and Smyth, C

Abstract

Learning scientists have been considering the validity and relevance of arguments coming from philosophy and cognitive science for the embodied, enactive, embedded, and extended nature of individual learning, reasoning, and practice in sociocultural ecologies. Specifically, some design-based researchers of STEM cognition and instruction have been evaluating activities for grounding subject content knowledge in interactive sensorimotor problem solving. In so doing, we submit, the field stands greatly to avail of theoretical models and pedagogical methodologies from disciplines oriented explicitly on understanding, fostering, and remediating motor action. This conceptual paper considers potential values of ecological dynamics, a perspective originating in kinesiology, as an explanatory resource for tackling enduring Learning Sciences research problems. We support our position via an ecologicaldynamics reexamination of the function of metaphor in the instruction of sports skills, somatic awareness, and mathematics. We propose a view of metaphors as productive constraints reconfiguring the dynamic system of learner, teacher, and environment.

Published
2016

5. The monic integer transfinite diameter

Author

Hare, K. G. and Smyth, C. J.

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, 11C08
Abstract

We study the problem of finding nonconstant monic integer polynomials, normalized by their degree, with small supremum on an interval I. The monic integer transfinite diameter t_M(I) is defined as the infimum of all such supremums. We show that if I has length 1 then t_M(I) = 1/2. We make three general conjectures relating to the value of t_M(I) for intervals I of length less that 4. We also conjecture a value for t_M([0, b]) where 0 < b < 1. We give some partial results, as well as computational evidence, to support these conjectures. We define two functions that measure properties of the lengths of intervals I with t_M(I) on either side of t. Upper and lower bounds are given for these functions. We also consider the problem of determining t_M(I) when I is a Farey interval. We prove that a conjecture of Borwein, Pinner and Pritsker concerning this value is true for an infinite family of Farey intervals., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures

Published
2005
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8. SSL Detection Rate- The latest KPI?

Author

Eabha, R., additional, Nally, F., additional, John, C., additional, Joyce, A., additional, Smyth, C., additional, Farrell, R. J., additional, Kelly, O. B., additional, and Hall, B., additional

Published
2023
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25. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern B.1.1.7, B.1.351 or P.1: data from seven EU/EEA countries, weeks 38/2020 to 10/2021

Author

Funk T., Pharris A., Spiteri G., Bundle N., Melidou A., Carr M., Gonzalez G., Garcia-Leon A., Crispie F., O'Connor L., Murphy N., Mossong J., Vergison A., Wienecke-Baldacchino A. K., Abdelrahman T., Riccardo F., Stefanelli P., Di Martino A., Bella A., Lo Presti A., Casaca P., Moreno J., Borges V., Isidro J., Ferreira R., Gomes J. P., Dotsenko L., Suija H., Epstein J., Sadikova O., Sepp H., Ikonen N., Savolainen-Kopra C., Blomqvist S., Mottonen T., Helve O., Gomes-Dias J., Adlhoch C., Macori G., Russell L., Yandle Z., Bennett C., O'Byrne E., Murphy A., Tuite G., Conroy A., Duffy M., Morley U., Keoghan B., Ford I., Kennedy M., McDonnell S., Flynn A., Clarke A., Crowley A., Martin C., Kelly E., Foxton J., Hare D., Dunford L., Connell J., Moran J., Dean J., Fanning S., Rajan L., De Gascun C., Kenny J., Cotter P., Walsh C., Lawton E., Fitzpatrick A., Mullins E., Della Bartola M., McCabe M., Stapleton P., Meaney C., Fanning L., Prentice M., MacSharry J., Dempsey C., Mallon P., Leon A., Chaturvedi A., Coughlan S., McAndrew G., Reddington K., Walsh F., Fitzpatrick D., Smyth C., O'Dwyer T., Chambers T., Clarke L., Jebb D., Klopp J., Kavanagh D., Haslam K., Buckley P., Lemass K., Fitzpatrick F., Burns K., Cafferkey J., Richmond A., Foley M., Sanchez-Morgado J., Chalapati S., Pinnamaneni N., Crosbie C., Limbachiya D., Tinago W., Garcia Leon A. A., Miles S., Alalwan D., Negi R., Macken A., Feeney E., Kenny G., McCann K., Kelly N., Blair M., McCann R., Kenny C., O'Brion C., Waqas S., Savinelli S., Doran P., Bracken T., Varghese P., Lambert J. S., Cotter A., Muldoon E., Sheehan G., McGinty T., Lambert J., Green S., Leamy K., de Barra E., McConkey S., Kelly C., Horgan M., Sadlier C., Yousif O., O'Donnell J., Fitzgerald M., Petty-Saphon N., Cuddihy J., Fiore S., Fabiani C., Benedetti E., Di Mario G., Facchini M., Puzelli S., Calzoletti L., Fontana S., Venturi G., Fortuna C., Marsili G., Amendola A., Stuppia L., Savini G., Picerno A., Lopizzo T., Dell'Edera D., Minchella P., Greco F., Mauro M. V., Viglietto G., Atripaldi L., Limone A., D'Agaro P., Licastro D., Marcello A., Capobianchi M. R., Icardi G., Bruzzone B., Lillo F., Orsi A., Pariani E., Baldanti F., Gismondo M. R., Maggi F., Caruso A., Ceriotti F., Boniotti B., Bagnarelli P., Garofalo S., Scutella M., Pagani E., Collini L., Ghisetti V., Ru G., Chironna M., Parisi A., Rubino S., Serra C., Piras G., Coghe F., Vitale F., Tramuto F., Scalia G., Palermo C. I., Mancuso G., Di Gaudio F., Vullo S., Reale S., Cusi M. G., Rossolini G. M., Pistello M., Mencacci A., Camilloni B., Severini S., Di Benedetto M., Calogero T., Monne I., Biscaro V., COVID Study Groups, Funk T., Pharris A., Spiteri G., Bundle N., Melidou A., Carr M., Gonzalez G., Garcia-Leon A., Crispie F., O'Connor L., Murphy N., Mossong J., Vergison A., Wienecke-Baldacchino A.K., Abdelrahman T., Riccardo F., Stefanelli P., Di Martino A., Bella A., Lo Presti A., Casaca P., Moreno J., Borges V., Isidro J., Ferreira R., Gomes J.P., Dotsenko L., Suija H., Epstein J., Sadikova O., Sepp H., Ikonen N., Savolainen-Kopra C., Blomqvist S., Mottonen T., Helve O., Gomes-Dias J., Adlhoch C., Macori G., Russell L., Yandle Z., Bennett C., O'Byrne E., Murphy A., Tuite G., Conroy A., Duffy M., Morley U., Keoghan B., Ford I., Kennedy M., McDonnell S., Flynn A., Clarke A., Crowley A., Martin C., Kelly E., Foxton J., Hare D., Dunford L., Connell J., Moran J., Dean J., Fanning S., Rajan L., De Gascun C., Kenny J., Cotter P., Walsh C., Lawton E., Fitzpatrick A., Mullins E., Della Bartola M., McCabe M., Stapleton P., Meaney C., Fanning L., Prentice M., MacSharry J., Dempsey C., Mallon P., Leon A., Chaturvedi A., Coughlan S., McAndrew G., Reddington K., Walsh F., Fitzpatrick D., Smyth C., O'Dwyer T., Chambers T., Clarke L., Jebb D., Klopp J., Kavanagh D., Haslam K., Buckley P., Lemass K., Fitzpatrick F., Burns K., Cafferkey J., Richmond A., Foley M., Sanchez-Morgado J., Chalapati S., Pinnamaneni N., Crosbie C., Limbachiya D., Tinago W., Garcia Leon A.A., Miles S., Alalwan D., Negi R., Macken A., Feeney E., Kenny G., McCann K., Kelly N., Blair M., McCann R., Kenny C., O'Brion C., Waqas S., Savinelli S., Doran P., Bracken T., Varghese P., Lambert J.S., Cotter A., Muldoon E., Sheehan G., McGinty T., Lambert J., Green S., Leamy K., de Barra E., McConkey S., Kelly C., Horgan M., Sadlier C., Yousif O., O'Donnell J., Fitzgerald M., Petty-Saphon N., Cuddihy J., Fiore S., Fabiani C., Benedetti E., Di Mario G., Facchini M., Puzelli S., Calzoletti L., Fontana S., Venturi G., Fortuna C., Marsili G., Amendola A., Stuppia L., Savini G., Picerno A., Lopizzo T., Dell'Edera D., Minchella P., Greco F., Mauro M.V., Viglietto G., Atripaldi L., Limone A., D'Agaro P., Licastro D., Marcello A., Capobianchi M.R., Icardi G., Bruzzone B., Lillo F., Orsi A., Pariani E., Baldanti F., Gismondo M.R., Maggi F., Caruso A., Ceriotti F., Boniotti B., Bagnarelli P., Garofalo S., Scutella M., Pagani E., Collini L., Ghisetti V., Ru G., Chironna M., Parisi A., Rubino S., Serra C., Piras G., Coghe F., Vitale F., Tramuto F., Scalia G., Palermo C.I., Mancuso G., Di Gaudio F., Vullo S., Reale S., Cusi M.G., Rossolini G.M., Pistello M., Mencacci A., Camilloni B., Severini S., Di Benedetto M., Calogero T., Monne I., Biscaro V., and COVID Study Groups

Subjects
Infecções Respiratórias, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Critical Care, Epidemiology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), variants of concern, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Intensive care admission, 030212 general & internal medicine, COVID-19, Europe, SARS-CoV-2, surveillance, Surveillance, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Variants of Concern, COVID-19, Europe, SARS-CoV-2, surveillance, variants of concern, 0305 other medical science, business, Rapid Communication, Human
Abstract

COVID study groups - PORTUGAL: Portuguese Laboratory Network for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Public Health Department of the Health Administrative Regions, Physicians that provided data and samples from suspected cases and SARS-CoV-2 genetic characterization. INSA laboratory team for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Algarve Biomedical Center and Unilabs. We compared 19,207 cases of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7/S gene target failure (SGTF), 436 B.1.351 and 352 P.1 to non-variant cases reported by seven European countries. COVID-19 cases with these variants had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios for hospitalisation (B.1.1.7/SGTF: 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-2.9; B.1.351: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.2; P.1: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4-4.8) and B.1.1.7/SGTF and P.1 cases also for intensive care admission (B.1.1.7/SGTF: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4-3.5; P.1: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7-2.8). ECDC internal funds. The ICSC and the AIID Cohort are supported by Science Foundation Ireland under the Science Foundation Ireland, Enterprise Ireland, IDA Ireland COVID-19 Rapid Response Funding Call (Grant number: COVID-RRC 20/COV/0103 and COVID-RRC 20/COV/0305). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2021

29. Nasal Trauma: Who Nose what happens to the non-manipulated?

Author

Hope, N, Young, K, Mclaughlin, K, and Smyth, C

Subjects
Male, Sex Factors, Treatment Outcome, Clinical Paper, Nose Nasal Bone Nose Deformities, Humans, Female, Acquired, Nose, Facial Injuries, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Background: Nasal trauma is the most common facial injury worldwide. Prompt assessment allows for recognition of injuries requiring surgical intervention in the form of nasal bone manipulation. The literature is unclear to what extent patients undergoing conservative management subsequently require surgical intervention. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients presenting with nasal injury between July 2017 and July 2018 who underwent conservative and surgical management was undertaken. Re-referral and subsequent surgical intervention were documented. Results: In a cohort of 390 patients with nasal injury 229 patients underwent conservative management. Average age was 29 years. Males comprised 60% of our conservative cohort and 81% of the manipulated cohort. 8.3% of patients managed conservatively and 12% of those undergoing manipulation were re-referred. Conclusion: Nasal trauma assessment is a significant workload for an ENT unit. Conservative management is appropriate following clinical assessment and does not lead to increased intervention compared with those who are surgically manipulated.

Published
2021

30. Chapter 9: Forests. Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report

Author

Domke, G., primary, Williams, C. A., additional, Birdsey, R., additional, Coulston, J., additional, Finzi, A., additional, Gough, C., additional, Haight, B., additional, Hicke, J., additional, Janowiak, M., additional, de Jong, B., additional, Kurz, W., additional, Lucash, M., additional, Ogle, S., additional, Olguín-Álvarez, M., additional, Pan, Y., additional, Skutsch, M., additional, Smyth, C., additional, Swanston, C., additional, Templer, P., additional, Wear, D., additional, Woodall, C., additional, Cavallaro, N., additional, Shrestha, G., additional, Mayes, M. A., additional, Najjar, R., additional, Reed, S., additional, Romero-Lankao, P., additional, and Zhu, Z., additional

Published
2018
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33. Carbon in Canada's boreal forest--a synthesis

Author

Kurz, W.A., Shaw, C.H., Boisvenue, C., Stinson, G., Metsaranta, J., Leckie, D., Dyk, A., Smyth, C., and Neilson, E.T.

Subjects
Deforestation -- Analysis -- Environmental aspects -- Canada, Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects, Peat-bogs -- Analysis -- Environmental aspects, Carbon sequestration, Taigas -- Environmental aspects, Emissions (Pollution) -- Control, Carbon -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues
Abstract

Canada's managed boreal forest, 54% of the nation's total boreal forest area, stores 28 Pg carbon (C) inbiomass, dead organic matter, and soil pools. The net C balance is dominated by the difference of two large continuous fluxes: C uptake (net primary production) and release during decomposition (heterotrophic respiration). Additional releases of C can be high in years, or in areas, that experience large anthropogenic or natural disturbances. From 1990 to 2008, Canada's managed boreal forest has acted as C sink of 28 Tg C [year.sup.-1], removing C[O.sub.2] from the atmosphere to replace the 17 Tg of C annually harvested and store an additional 11 Tg of C [year.sup.-1] in ecosystem C pools. A large fraction (~57%) of the C harvested since 1990 remains stored in wood products and solid waste disposal sites in Canada and abroad, replacing C emitted from the decay or burning of wood harvested prior to 1990 and contributing to net increases in product and landfill C pools. Wood product use has reduced emissions in other sectors by substituting for emission-intensive products (concrete, steel). The C balance of the unmanaged boreal forest is currently unknown. The future C balance of the Canadian boreal forest will affect the global atmospheric C budget and influence the mitigation efforts required to attain atmospheric C[O.sub.2] stabilization targets. The single biggest threat to C stocks is human-caused climate change. Large C stocks have accumulated in the boreal because decomposition is limited by cold temperatures and often anoxic environments. Increases in temperatures and disturbance rates could result in a large net C source during the remainder of this century and beyond. Uncertainties about the impacts of global change remain high, but we emphasize the asymmetry of risk: sustained large-scale increases in productivity are unlikely to be of sufficient magnitude to offset higher emissions from increased disturbances and heterotrophic respiration. Reducing the uncertainties of the current and future C balance of Canada's 270 Mha of boreal forest requires addressing gaps in monitoring, observation, and quantification of forest C dynamics, with particular attention to 125 Mha of unmanaged boreal forest with extensive areas of deep organic soils, peatlands, and permafrost containing large quantities of C that are vulnerable to global warming. Key words: CBM-CFS3, climate change, deforestation, disturbance, greenhouse gas, peatland. La foret boreale amenagee du Canada, 54 % des surfaces totales en foret boreale du Canada, immobilise 28 Pg de carbone (C) sous forme de biomasse, de matiere organique et reserves des sols. La balance nette en C est dominee par les differences entre deux grands flux continus : l'absorption du C (production primaire nette) et le relachement au cours de la decomposition (respiration heterotrophe). Les relachements de carbone peuvent etre eleves certaines annees, ou a certains endroits, subissant de grandes perturbations naturelles ou anthropiques. De 1990 a 2008, la foret canadienne amenagee a servi de puits de C a la hauteur de 28 Tg C [an.sup.-1], extrayant le C[O.sub.2] de l'atmosphere pour remplacer les 17 Tg de C recoltees annuellement et a mettre en reserve additionnelle 11 Tg de C [an.sup.-1] dans les ecosystemes. Une majeure fraction (~57 %) du C recolte depuis 1990 demeure accumulee dans les produits ligneux et les sites de dechets solides au Canada et a l'etranger, remplacant le C emis par la decomposition ou la recolte de bois de chauffage avant 1990, contribuant ainsi a l'augmentation nette dans les produits et les reserves de C enfouies. L'utilisation de produits ligneux a reduit les emissions dans d'autres secteurs par substitution aux produits a fortes emissions (beton, acier). On ne connait pas actuellement la balance du C dans les forets boreales non amenagees. La balance future du C dans la foret boreale canadienne, affectera le budget global atmospherique et influencera les efforts de mitigation requis pour atteindre les cibles de stabilisation du C[O.sub.2] atmospherique. La plus grande menace individuelle des accumulations du C[O.sup.2] est le changement climatique cause par l'homme. Le froid et les milieux anorexiques ont permis l'accumulation de grandes quantites de C dans la foret boreale en limitant la decomposition. Les augmentations des temperatures et des taux de decomposition pourraient conduire a une importante generation de C nette, au cours du reste de ce centenaire et au-dela. Les incertitudes au sujet des impacts du changement global demeurent elevees, mais les auteurs insistent sur l'asymetrie du rixe; les augmentations soutenues a grande echelle de la productivite ne sont pas susceptibles d'atteindre un ordre de grandeur suffisant pour contre balancer les emissions provenant d'une augmentation des perturbations et de la respiration heterotrophe. La reduction des incertitudes au sujet de la balance actuelle et future des 270 Mha de la foret boreale canadienne requiert un examen des failles, dans les suivis ainsi que l'observation et la quantification des dynamiques forestieres, avec une attention particuliere aux 125 Mha de foret boreale non amenagees avec de grandes surfaces couvertes de sols organiques profonds, de tourbieres et de pergelisol contenant de grandes quantites de C vulnerables au rechauffement global. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: CBM-CFS3, changement climatique, deforestation, perturbations, gaz a effet serre, tourbiere., 1. Introduction Globally, carbon (C) uptake by forests has removed about one third of the annual anthropogenic fossil fuel C emissions from the atmosphere since 1990 (Pan et al. 2011a). [...]

Published
2013
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47. General anaesthetic and airway management practice for obstetric surgery in England: a prospective, multicentre observational study

Author

Odor, P. M., Bampoe, S., Moonesinghe, S. R., Andrade, J., Pandit, J. J., Lucas, D. N., A’Court, A., Abdel-Gadir, D., Abdu, A., Abisogun, C., Aboud, Z., Abrams, J., Ackerman, A., Adamson, C., Addison, R., Adeyeye, A., Adler, R., Aduse-Poku, M., Adyanthaya, S., Ahmad, N., Ahmed, D., Ahmed, A., Akindele, B., Akindele, O., Akrimi, S., Al-Rawi, S., Ali, Y., Allam, J., Allana, A., Allen, K., Allen, O., Amaradasa, N., Amarasekara, L., Amoakwa-adu, F., Anandageetha, P., Anandakrishnan, S., Anandanadesan, R., Anderson, M., Apps, S., Aquilina, A., Arbane, G., Arch, A., Armstrong, S., Arya, R., Ashiru, G., Ashpole, K., Atkinson, C., Atkinson, F., Auer, E., Avery, B., Babio-Galan, M., Bader, H., Badham, G., Bagchi, S., Bailey, S., Baird, Y., Balaka, C., Baldwin, M., Balfour, P., Bali, S., Banks, S., Barclay, P., Barnes, L., Barnes, T., Barot, N., Barrett, S., Barrett, V., Barrett, K., Bates, L., Batte, K., Baytug, B., Behravesh, M., Bell, S., Benloch, R., Bentley, R., Berg, J., Berwick, C., Berwick, R., Bhadange, R., Bhattacharyya, S., Bielskute, E., Birch, S., Bird, S., Bird, Ruth, Birts, William, Black, Becky, Blagova, Tatyana, Blake, Holly, Blightman, Oliver, Blunden, Susara, Bolton, R., Borkett-Jones, C., Boselli, J., Bowen, M., Bowen, R., Bowyer, J., Boyle, H., Brar, Z., Bray, J., Brayshaw, S., Bressington, C., Brewer, A., Brice, N., Bridge, L., Briscoe, J., Brocklesby, S., Brown, H., Brown, S., Brunnen, D., Burijintichenna, K., Burnard, S., Burtt, A., Buswell, V., Bykar, H., Cairney, M., Calvert, C., Camarasa, L., Campbell, N., Campbell-Jones, F., Cantliffe, J., Carrol, W., Carvalho, J., Cashell, C., Cassie, S., Cassim, K., Chandler, M., Chapman, R., Charles, R., Chen, P., Cheyne, D., Chima, K., Chin, F., Chirvasuta, R., Shao Chong, M., Choudhury, S., Chowdhury, P., Christmas, T., Chughwani, S., Ciechanowicz, S., Clarey, E., Coe, R., Cohen, J., Coker, N., Collins, K., Collis, L., Comar, J., Conroy, M., Constantin, K., Corfe, J., Coulborn, E., Cowie, V., Crone, R., Cronin, J., Crooks, J., Crowther, N., Crowther, E., Cruz, C., Curtis, A., Curtis, S., Dabrowicz, A., Daines, N., Dalal, V., Dannatt, P., Das, D., Dash, J., Davidson, K., Davies, S., Davis, Y., Dawson, J., Dean, J., Dean, C., Denman, J., Desai, N., Dewan, P., Dimont, S., Donovan, C., Doraiswami, M., Doughty, K., Douglass, J., Dower, M., Downing, S., Duberry, W., Duckham, E., Dudgeon, L., Dukes, S., Dunn, L., Duraiswamy, V., Dwyer, A. O., Dyer, K., Eapen, S., Earl, M., Eason, S., Edwards, K., Edwards, Z., Egole, O., Ekpa, J., el-Amin, O., el-Boghdadly, K., Elbasir, O., Eldridge, J., Elgie, L., Ellington, M., Elliott, K., Elliott, J., Elmi, M., Elnoumeir, R., Emeakaraoha, E., Evans, M., Everett, M., Fabb, P., Farooq, H., Farrimond, R., Faulds, F., Fawcett, E., Feneley, A., Fernando, D., Ferns, J., Finlay, C., Fitzgerald, S., O’Flaherty, D., Fleet, M., Fletcher, L., Fludder, V., Follet, T., Forbes, J., Forth, M., Foster, G., Francis, J., Fraser, K., Friedman, L., Fruggeri, L., Fulton, L., Funnell, S., Gadre, A., Gandhi, A., Gardiner, H., Garner, Z., Garvey, G., Gately, T., George, R., Gillespie, S., Glover, S., Goddard, J., Goodman, B., Gopal, T., Graham, G., Green, D., Griffin, D., Griffith, J., Grigsby, S., Grindey, J., Griffiths, H., Groome, J., Grother, C., Grounds, G., Groves, A., Guha, A., Gunawardhana, A., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Gutsell, J., Haddon, R., Hadi, D., Hadjipavlou, N., Hammerbeck, H., Hammon, L., Hammond, S., Hampanna, H., Hancock, H., Handapangoda, H., Haroon-Mowahed, Y., Harpham, D., Harris, G., Harrison, A., Harshan, D., Hartopp, A., Harty, E., Haslam, N., Hawkins, G., Hawkins, E., Hawksey, S., Hays, C., Hazelton, T., Heavyside, A., Hemeson, C., Henderson, K., Henry, O., Herbert, L., Higgins, N., Hilton, J., Hindmoor, C., Hitchcock, R., Hobbs, L., Homsy, M., Honeywell, C., Hoque, N., House, K., Howle, R., Tiller, A., Huniak, M., Hunte, J., Husain, T., Huson, C., Hussain, C., Hussain, T., Hussein, Z., Hyams, J., Hyde, E., Laverdino, M., Ignacka, A., Innes, E., Ioannidis, S., Iqbal, R., Ismail, F., Jackson, J., Jackson, M., Jackson, G., Jacobs, R., Jadhav, P., Jalaly, A., James, L., James, M., Jani, S., Jeganathan, C., Joannides, C., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, C., Jones, R., Jones, T., Kadr, M., Kainth, R., Kane, J., Kanji, R., Kannanparambil, S., Kar, G., Kasianandan, T., Kaskos, H., Kavanagh, L., Kaye, R., Kelliher, L., Kelliot, S., Kelly, J., Kenyon, C., Kessack, L., Kestner, S., Khaku, M., Khaleeq, S., Khan, P., Khan, S., Kidwai, U., King, C., King, H., Kingston, E., Kok, W., Konig, R., Konstantinova, Z., Krishnan, P., Kua, J., Kuntumalla, K., Kursumovic, E., Kurzatkowski, K., Kuttambakam, H., Lane, K., Lane, S., Langton, A., Latif, H., Lau, N., Laxman, S., Laycock, H., Lee, R., Leonardi, S., Light, K., Lightfoot, H., Liu, S., Liyanage, S., Lowe, J., Lucas, N., Lungu, M., Lunn, M., Lynes, H., Machavarapu, K., Mackenzie, M., Magee, D., Major, J., Male, V., Malik, Z., Manso, K., Maquinana, M., Marciniak, K., Maronge, L., Marsh, C., Martella, C., Martin, N., Martins, N., Marway, J., Mason, L., Masood, N., Masters, J., Maton-Howarth, M., Mazzola, F., McAllister, T., McCarthy, R., McCormick, C., McCready, S., McDougall, S., Mcewan, L., McGarry, J., McKevitt, H., Mckinley, S., Mckskeane, A., McMaster, E., McMonagle, M., McNamara, H., McPhee, H., McRae, L., Mead, D., Meadows, E., Mehta, M., Meikle, J., Metodiev, Y., Michael, C., Millar, V., Miller, S., Miller, G., Milne, S., Miltsios, K., Misquita, L., Misquita, S., Mittal, M., Mohamed, M., Powell Monaghan, K., Monk, J., Monkhouse, A., Monks, D., Montague, L., Moon, A., Moran, J., Moreton, A., Morgan, E., Morgan, O., Morland, D., Morosan, M., Morris, K., Morris, A., Moser, C., Mount, M., Muir, C., Mupudzi, M., Murali, M., Murdoch, I., Murray, H., Murray, T., Murrell, K., Narasimha Murthy, G., Neeley, D., Nei, H., Neil, K., Nejim, T., Nel, M., Nicholson, A., Nicklin, A., Nolan, C., Nolan, T., Nurmi, E., O’Neill, B., Oakes, C., Oakes, N., Ochoa-Ferraro, M., Odeleye, N., Oliver, K., Oliver, M., Onslow, J., Onwochei, D., Oommen, T., Orr, T., Osagie, O., Osborn, H., Overend, J., Owston, H., Pack, E., Padhi, P., Palani, P., Pandey, R., Pandya, D., Panesar, N., Papageorgiou, C., Papanastasiou, G., Papoutsos, C., Pararajasingham, S., Parry, J., Patel, H., Patel, J., Patel, K., Patel, M., Patel, R., Patel, N., Pathak, S., Pearson, F., Peciulene, V., Peers, B., Peirce, B., Pepper, S., 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Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, medicine, Caesarean section, General anaesthesia, general anaesthesia, 030212 general & internal medicine, Rocuronium, General anaesthetic, education, Neuromuscular Blockade, education.field_of_study, airway management, obstetrics, business.industry, Tracheal intubation, Surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, caesarean section, Airway management, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

There are no current descriptions of general anaesthesia characteristics for obstetric surgery, despite recent changes to patient baseline characteristics and airway management guidelines. This analysis of data from the direct reporting of awareness in maternity patients' (DREAMY) study of accidental awareness during obstetric anaesthesia aimed to describe practice for obstetric general anaesthesia in England and compare with earlier surveys and best-practice recommendations. Consenting patients who received general anaesthesia for obstetric surgery in 72 hospitals from May 2017 to August 2018 were included. Baseline characteristics, airway management, anaesthetic techniques and major complications were collected. Descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression modelling and comparisons with earlier data were conducted. Data were collected from 3117 procedures, including 2554 (81.9%) caesarean deliveries. Thiopental was the induction drug in 1649 (52.9%) patients, compared with propofol in 1419 (45.5%). Suxamethonium was the neuromuscular blocking drug for tracheal intubation in 2631 (86.1%), compared with rocuronium in 367 (11.8%). Difficult tracheal intubation was reported in 1 in 19 (95%CI 1 in 16-22) and failed intubation in 1 in 312 (95%CI 1 in 169-667). Obese patients were over-represented compared with national baselines and associated with difficult, but not failed intubation. There was more evidence of change in practice for induction drugs (increased use of propofol) than neuromuscular blocking drugs (suxamethonium remains the most popular). There was evidence of improvement in practice, with increased monitoring and reversal of neuromuscular blockade (although this remains suboptimal). Despite a high risk of difficult intubation in this population, videolaryngoscopy was rarely used (1.9%).

Published
2020

50. Application of SWOT-C analysis and state-and-transition modeling to the design of reclamation plans for abandoned or operating mines in British Columbia

Author

Smyth, C. R. and Krebs, V.

Abstract

SWOT - C (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Constraints) analysis is a structured planning method that evaluates the important elements of an ecologically-based project and provides a framework for organizing data collection and synthesizing available information. In terms of ecological restoration, strengths are factors such as remnant patches of undisturbed vegetation that can be considered assets. Weaknesses are deficiencies or stressors such as erosion, sedimentation, and contamination that can cause problems. Opportunities are important factors for the practitioner to restore ecosystem structure and function. Threats are undesirable issues, challenges, or trends that may cause further ecosystem degradation. Constraints are environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic limitations.State-and-transition models (STMs) are compartment diagrams and associated narratives that can be used to describe changes in ecosystem properties (i.e., composition, structure, and function) and the mechanisms by which a developing ecosystem transitions from one developmental state to another. The narratives and diagrams can be generated using (1) historical information, (2) local and professional knowledge, (3) general ecological knowledge, and (4) relevant monitoring or experimental data. These tools when combined can yield effective, holistic, and ecologically based mine reclamation plans.

Published
2020
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