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Aims: To evaluate knowledge about the risks of tobacco use during pregnancy, attitudes towards preventive measures, and smoking patterns among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from February to May 2023 on 571 pregnant women. The knowledge level was considered as fair if 50% to 75% of the questions were answered correctly, and as good if >75% of the questions were answered correctly. A Likert-type scale was used to assess their attitudes towards smoking prevention measures. Results: Of the participants, 9.3% were current smokers (79.16% smoked both shisha and cigarettes), and 87.5% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Most current smokers (66.1%) had tried to quit smoking, and 86.8% had been advised by their doctors to quit smoking during pregnancy. The mean knowledge score was 7.67 of studied females, indicating good knowledge. The mean attitude score was 42.65 ± 6.31, and 81.6% had a positive attitude towards smoking preventive measures. Participants with bachelor’s degrees, a parity of 1–3, health problems during pregnancy, and chronic diseases were more likely to have a good knowledge level. However, a non-significant relationship was found between participants’ attitude and their demographic and obstetric data. Conclusions: Most of the women had fair knowledge regarding the risks of smoking during pregnancy and a positive attitude towards smoking preventive measures. Further, pregnant women need to be educated about protecting their health and the health of their fetuses from secondhand smoke during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The multicenter CHAMPION study aimed to assess the impact of smoking cessation on post-operative complications (PCs) and smoking cessation patterns in Chinese patients undergoing lung surgery. Methods Patients undergoing elective lung surgery were prospectively enrolled from three major tertiary centers in China. Patients were categorized as smokers or quitters before surgery. Baseline characteristics and smoking status were analyzed. The incidence of PCs and pulmonary PCs (PPCs), smoking relapse rate, and causes within six months post-operatively were investigated. The questionnaire was conducted in all patients and 30 healthcare professionals (HCPs), regarding the awareness and effectiveness of smoking cessation methods. Results Of the 276 enrolled patients, 213 (77.2%) were smokers and 63 (22.8%) were quitters; 76.4% were diagnosed with primary lung cancer. PCs occurred in 13.8% of patients, with similar proportions in smokers (14.1%) and quitters (12.7%). PPCs occurred in 9.8% of patients with no significant differences between smokers and quitters (9.4% vs 11.1%, p=0.70). At six months, 9.2% of patients relapsed, with a lower rate in quitters compared to smokers (3.3% vs 11.0%, p=0.01). HCPs exhibited higher awareness of smoking cessation methods than patients. Perceived effectiveness of smoking cessation methods from the patients were low. Conclusions In patients undergoing lung surgery with a low risk of PCs, active smoking does not significantly increase the risk of PCs or PPCs relative to quitters, suggesting that there is likely no need to postpone lung surgery for those who have not yet quit smoking. However, further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Introduction: Flexible emotional decision making has a craving for cracking, slipping and temptation In smokers. So, that the defect In the decision-making system Is a strong predictor of slippage during the withdrawal period. This study was designed to evaluate comparative behavioral emotional decision making In smokers, casual smoking and non-smokers with "active role memory". Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 smokers, 43 casual smoking and 89 non- smokers. The data were collected using a questionnaire of students who were smoking. The Intensity of nicotine- fugstrom dependency, Beck Depression Inventory, Wechsler's active memory counts and homework Iowa gambling was conducted in this research. Result: The severity of depression was significantly higher In smokers and casual smoking than in non-smokers (P=0.00l), respectively, and, respectively, calligraphy and visual acuity In smokers and casual smoking were significantly higher than non-smokers (P=0.00l and P=0.00l). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that there was a significant Interaction between smoking pattern In three groups and five blocks (Wilks' Lambda = 0.62, F (8, 320) = I 1.52, P=0.00l, r|2 = 0.213). Also, analysis of variance showed a significant difference In the three groups In the first block of effort (F = 9.65, P= 0.001). Non-smokers In the first block had a higher risk profile than the other two groups, but over time, the differences In the three groups were made and the risktaking decision of non-smokers was reduced. The LSD follow-up test showed that there was no significant difference in risk between two groups In the fifth and final blocks of gambling In Iowa (P= 0.2) Conclusion: The Iowa gambling decision-making pattern appears to be consistent with the pattern of cigarette smoking In students, with daily smokers and casual smoking showing fundamental differences in emotional decision making and cognitive flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tobacco consumption among youths poses significant public health problem in developing countries. This study utilized the available data of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among Myanmar adolescents. Objectives: We have conducted the fourth round of the GYTS in Myanmar during 2016 to monitor trends in tobacco use. Methods: We have selected 51 schools using random sampling based on probability proportional to school enrollment. In each school, we selected grades 9–11 by random sampling. All students in these classes completed a self-administered standard questionnaire. Results: A total of 3633 students who were participated in the survey 2621 students were 13–15 year. Overall 13.6% of students currently used tobacco; boys 26.3% and girls 3.7%. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 8.3%; boys 17.0%, girls 1.5%, whereas 5.7% of students currently smokeless tobacco users; boys 11.0%, girls 1.5%. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home, in enclosed public places, and school was reported by 33.2%, 28.4%, and 64.5%, respectively. More than four out of 5 (83.4%) students had noticed someone using tobacco on television, videos or movies, and 42.3% had noticed tobacco advertising at points of sale. Among current smokers, 62.9% were not refused by purchasing cigarettes because of their minor age. Conclusion: Myanmar has higher prevalence of tobacco use among students, especially among boys. The study provides evidence-based information for developing comprehensive tobacco control programs – both education and policy interventions to reduce smoking rate among young people in Myanmar.

Background & Objectives: Tobacco smoking is known to cause a huge burden of disease throughout the world: smoking is responsible for 4 million deaths per year. This study is performed in order to fill the existing gaps in information regarding current trends for lifestyle and tobacco-related disease in Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed with the help of a questionnaire and using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The final sample size, after the screening of the data, was 84706 out of 89457 records.Results: From a total of 84706 people in this study, 49.7% were men, 52% were uneducated and 64.8% cane from urban areas; 79.9% did not smoke, 15.3% smoked actively, 2.1% were non-active smokers and 2.7% were ex-smokers. The prevalence of smoking was higher in people aged 35 to 64 years (P

ABSTRACT Aims There is a growing interest in very low rate [fewer than one cigarette per day (CPD)] and light (one to nine CPD) smokers and in some parts of the world their numbers appear to be increasing. This paper examined changes in prevalence over the past 5 years, cessation patterns, and smoking and demographic characteristics of very low rate, light and moderate-to-heavy (10+ CPD) smokers in England. Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from aggregated monthly waves of a household survey: the Smoking Toolkit Study. Setting England. Participants A total of 23 245 smokers interviewed between November 2006 and May 2011 and 4147 who provided data at 6-month follow-up. Measurements We compared the demographic and smoking characteristics between the three groups of smokers at baseline, and the rate of attempts to quit, use of aids to cessation and success of quit attempts at follow-up. Findings Very low rate smoking remained extremely rare (1.9% of smokers in 2006 to 2.8% in 2011), but light smoking became increasingly common (23.9-32.8%). Compared with moderate-to-heavy smokers, very low rate and light smokers were younger, more often female and from a higher socio-economic background. They were more motivated to quit and enjoyed smoking less. During the 6-month follow-up period, light smokers, but not very low rate smokers, were more likely to attempt to quit than moderate-to-heavy smokers. When they tried to quit, very low rate and light smokers used aids to cessation less than moderate-to-heavy smokers but still used them to a substantial degree: 18%, 31% and 44% used over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy in their most recent quit attempt for the three types of smoker, respectively. Even very low rate smokers had a substantial failure rate: 65% failed in their most recent quit attempt within 6 months. Conclusions Very low rate (fewer than one cigarette per day) and light (one to nine cigarettes per day) smokers in England are at least as motivated to quit as heavier smokers. Although they use cessation medication less than heavier smokers and are more likely to succeed, they still use such medication and fail in quit attempts to a substantial degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Consistency and accuracy of results in assessing health risks due to vaping or e-cigarette use are difficult to achieve without established consumption data. The present report covers baseline data on vaping topography and reasons for use among local users in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methods: An 80-item survey regarding socio-demographic characteristics, smoking topography and reasons for e-cigarette use was employed to assess e-cigarette users recruited from several public universities and private organisations. The survey questionnaire was self-administered. Data were analysed using statistical software. Results: Eighty-six current e-cigarette users participated with more than half (51.2%) of them aged ≥ 25 years old. Significant proportions of the sample were single (51.2%), had a tertiary education level (63.5%) and a household income of less than USD1000 per month (65.2%). Median duration of e-cigarette use was less than a year; users drew approximately 50 puffs per day and refilled twice a day. The majority (74%) used e-liquids containing nicotine with a concentration of 6 μg/mL. Daily users spent USD18-23 per month. Reasons for using the e-cigarette included enjoyment of the products (85.9%), perception of lower toxicity than tobacco (87%), and the fact that it was a cheaper smoking alternative (61%). Conclusion: The data on e-cigarette smoking topography obtained in this study are novel. The reasons of usage were mainly users’ enjoyment of e-cigarettes, preparation for quitting smoking, perception of low toxicity and a healthier smoking substitute and cheapness in the long run. The results establish basic knowledge for the local vaping topography and reference material for future e-cigarette-related research., (Creative Commons Attribution License)