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Eruptive cutaneous collagenoma is a non-familial connective tissue nevi of unknown etiology presented with an abrupt onset. To date, the literatures on eruptive cutaneous collagenoma are extremely rare in India. Herein, we report a rare case of eruptive collagenoma in a 26 year old young male with epilepsy and mental retardation, who presented with multiple asymptomatic papules and nodules over the chest and abdomen with no systemic involvement. There was no positive family history or history of consanguineous marriage, and diagnosis was confirmed histologically. We report this case due to paucity in Indian literature.

Vulvar inflammatory disorders (VID) are a miscellaneous group of non-infectious conditions of the vulvar area, which can be broadly classified based on etiology and pathology. Here, we discuss a few pertinent VID including vulvar dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, and lichen sclerosus. This review will focus only on common VID, and a few rare conditions with characteristic features such as Crohn’s disease, plasma cell vulvitis, acantholytic disorder of genitocrural area, desquamative vulvitis, and atrophic vulvovaginitis. A thorough history taking and relevant investigations including dermoscopy and biopsy are relevant to proper diagnosis and management of VID. Early management of VID is essential since these conditions are prone to interfere with psychosexual functioning of the patient. Potent topical steroids are the first line management in most cases, followed by topical calcineurin inhibitors, emollients, and antihistamines. Vulvar area is resistant to steroid induced atrophy; hence, use of potent topical steroids does not pose a problem. Oral steroids or steroid sparing agents are used in resistant cases.

Supercapacitors are progressively being utilized for storage systems in sustainable nanotechnologies. A NiCoS nanostructure was synthesized on nickel foam by an in situ one-pot hydrothermal method at different reaction temperatures (80, 100, and 120 °C) keeping other reaction parameters such as pH and reaction time constant for supercapacitor applications. The SEM report revealed a plate-like nanostructures of NiCoS on nickel foam (NiCoS/NF). The electrode prepared at 100 °C exhibits better electrochemical activities compared to electrodes prepared at 80 and 120 °C. The integrated binder-free NiCoS/NF electrode for supercapacitor, optimized at 100 °C, manifested a large specific capacitance of 3309 mF cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with a notable rate capability of 427 mF cm−2 even at 10 mA cm−2. The asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated with optimized NiCoS/NF prepared at 100 °C exhibited an exceptionally high energy density of 2.04 mW h cm−3 at a power density of 42.64 mW cm−3.

A series of ternary ZnO hollow sphere/carbon quantum dots/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/CQDs/r-GO) nanocomposites were successfully prepared via solvothermal technique in the presence of the polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as a solvent. The structural details of as-prepared ZnO/CQDs/r-GO nanocomposites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphological properties of the composite were analyzed using field emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM). The visible light absorption ability of the as-prepared pristine and ternary nanocomposites was examined using UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO, ZnO/CQDs, ZnO/r-GO, and ZnO/CQDs/r-GO nanostructures were evaluated for the degradation of organic pollutants such as methylene orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), and methylene blue (MB). The different composites with various amounts of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized to enhance photocatalytic activity. The ZnO/CQDs/r-GO composites showed excellent potential for photocurrent generation compared with ZnO, ZnO/CQDs and ZnO/r-GO under-stimulated sunlight. The effect of various parameters such as the effect of reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, pH, and concentration of MB dye has been also studied. The photo-assisted catalytic degradation properties of the catalyst after five cycles exhibit high stability.

ZSM-5:CeO2 nanocomposites were prepared by two-step hydrothermal method in combination with the wet impregnation method. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, FTIR and UV–vis analysis. The bandgap investigations were done using tauc plot and the bandgap of ZSM-5 has been reduced from 3.90 to 3.15 eV upon CeO2 loading. The synthesized nanocomposites were tested for photocatalytic activity under a halogen lamp and the effect of CeO2 loading on ZSM5 has been examined. Among the various nanocomposites synthesized, ZSM-5:CeO2 25 wt% exhibited better methyl orange degradation of about 95.6% with an initial dye concentration of 10 mg/l, pH 7, 100 mg of photocatalyst under halogen lamp for 75 min. Additionally, the effect of various reaction parameters like dye concentration (10–25 mg/l), photocatalyst dosage (25–125 mg), and pH (3–9) was probed to get better performance. Tapping experiments were conducted with various radical scavengers to get insight into the key active species responsible for the photodegradation of methyl orange. The result portrays the importance of hydroxyl radical for the degradation of methyl orange dye. Cycle test and stability studies showed that the photocatalyst was stable even after four cycles. In summary, ZSM-5:CeO2 nanocomposites can be a suitable photocatalyst for numerous applications in the field of photodegradation of organic contaminants.

Hexagonal phase zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were synthesized via hydrothermal method and annealed at different temperatures viz., 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 °C. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, HR-TEM, UV-DRS and XPS techniques. The crystallite sizes of the prepared nanomaterails were calculated by Williamson–Hall plots method. The ZnO annealed at 200 °C showed a crystallite size of 18.7 nm while the ZnO annealed at °C showed a 46.2 nm. It is observed that when increasing the annealing temperature the crystallite sizes were increased due to induced growth of crystallites during annealing process. Moreover, the band gaps of the ZnO annealed at different temperatures showed a decreasing trend with increasing annealing temperatures. The photocatalytic performances were studied by analyzing the degradation of methylene blue in an aqueous solution. ZnO annealed at 1000 °C exhibited better photocatalytic activity (94%) due to enhanced crystallinity, comparatively lower bandgap and high oxygen vacancy.

We report the synthesis of silver-integrated silica nanostructures using rice hulls and silver chloride through a facile thermal combustion process. The formation of mesoporous silica nanomatrix embedded with silver nanoparticles (SiO2:Ag 5 wt% and SiO2:Ag 10 wt%) was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, EDX, BET, and TEM analysis. Also, the obtained results from the above studies revealed that the concentration of silver ions significantly increases the particle size and number of silver nanoparticles formed in the silica matrix. The electrochemical performance was studied using silver-integrated silica nanostructures as a working electrode in KOH electrolyte. The maximum specific capacitance of SiO2:Ag 5 wt%- and SiO2:Ag 10 wt%-coated electrode was found to be 517 and 580 F/g at current density of 1 A/g. It was also found that SiO2:Ag 10 wt% electrode exhibit an excellent stability with the capacitance retention of 94% than SiO2:Ag 5 wt% (capacitance retention of 85%) after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g. These results may be attributed to the inherent characteristic of more silver nanoparticles present in the silica nanomatrix in SiO2:Ag 10 wt%. The intrinsic characteristic of rice hull-derived silica nanostructures such as high surface area and mesoporous structure along with the advantage of silver nanoparticles (conductivity) can facilitate the Faradic redox processes at electrode surface which are responsible for the supercapacitive behavior of the prepared silver-integrated silica nanostructures.

The development of efficient, scalable, and economically viable electrode materials with high specific capacitance is of great significance for supercapacitor applications. Herein, α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, α-Fe2O3/rGO, and α-Fe2O3/SnO2/rGO nanocomposite were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. Different characterization techniques were used to study the physical and chemical properties of the prepared materials. The powder XRD measurement revealed that the formation of the ternary composite without any impurities. As characterized by SEM and TEM techniques, both α-Fe2O3 and SnO2 nanoparticles were embedded on two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide sheets. The electrochemical properties of the prepared electrode materials were studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge, and impedance spectroscopy techniques in a 6 M KOH electrolyte solution. All the electrode materials exhibit Faradic reaction peaks in CV curves which imply the pseudocapacitive nature of the prepared materials. The ternary α-Fe2O3/SnO2/rGO nanocomposite demonstrated the enhanced specific capacitance of 821 Fg−1 at 1Ag−1 than that of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (373 Fg−1 at 1Ag−1), and α-Fe2O3/rGO (517 Fg−1 at 1Ag−1) nanocomposite with excellent cyclic retention (98.7%) after successive 10,000 cycles. This improved electrochemical performance of ternary α-Fe2O3/SnO2/rGOnanocomposite is mainly attributed to the surface properties of nanostructures of metal oxides and an excellent conductive network. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated using the ternary α-Fe2O3/SnO2/rGOnanocomposite as the anode material and rGO as the cathode material. The ASC device showed an energy density of 17 Wh Kg−1 at a power density of 3585 W kg−1 and retains 94.52% capacitance after successive 5000 cycles at a current density of 10Ag−1.

The present work reports cauliflower-shaped ZnO nanostructure, and ZnO/multi-wall carbon nanotubes/rGO (ZMG NCs) nanocomposites were synthesized by surfactant-assisted simple hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, optoelectronic, chemical state, surface properties and its photocatalytic capability were performed using various analytical techniques. The UV–Vis DRS results revealed that optical absorption of ZMG NCs was red shifted into visible region. Furthermore, the photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution was performed using the resulting catalysts, achieves maximum degradation efficiency of 96.3% under UV–Vis light irradiation for 25 min as compared with ZnO/MWCNT (86.01%), ZnO/rGO (79.6%), and ZnO (71.9%). The enhancement in the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZMG NCs was attributed to the red-shifted band gap (2.89 eV) and high surface area (45.877 m2 g−1). Moreover, the ZMG ternary NCs possessed good chemical stability, and it has a great potential application for photocatalytic dye degradation and wastewater treatment.

Pure and other concentrations of cobalt (Co2+) ions incorporated into cuprous oxide Cu2−xCoxO (x = 0–14 mM) thin films were successfully deposited in fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by employing electro deposition technique. The crystallite size of pure and Co-doped thin films was investigated from 29.03 to 43.38 nm using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images display three-sided pyramid shape morphology of pure Cu2O thin films that get significantly changed, as and when Co concentrations get increased. The optical bandgap value gets continuously increased from 2.128 to 2.297 eV for a 0–14 mM change in Co doping concentration. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) pictures the film that exhibits a better ferromagnetic property with a saturation magnetism of 159.96 E−6 emu for 14 mM Co dopant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the presence of cobalt (Co2+) as a dopant in the host Cu2O thin films. The Cu2−86Co14O (x = 14 mM) thin film has a higher specific capacitance of 164.90 F/g with 3.66 Wh/kg energy density at the current density of 2 A/g. It has a good energy and a power density in the higher concentration Co-doped Cu2O thin films applicable for energy storage devices.

A semi-flexible binder-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) intercalated polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite thin film was prepared via hybrid electrospray technique. A homogeneous thin film was achieved by the controlled spray process. A deposited thin film illustrated the amorphous nature of composite with high surface purity and good chemical composition. The surface analysis confirmed the smoother surface with well-defined distinct phases of g-C3N4 and PPy matrix in the composite thin film. The electrochemical studies exhibited that a maximum areal capacity of the thin film was achieved to be 289.6 mF/cm2 at a current density of 0.4 mA/cm2, which is higher than that of pristine PPy (194.8 mF/cm2). The heterostructure electrode illustrated that the life cycles of 99% could be up to 10,000 cycles with low resistance due to the synergetic effect of g-C3N4 and PPy matrix with strong material adhesion (hybrid spray process) on the surface. A binder-free heterostructure thin film will play a significant role in the energy storage application.

Pristine MnO2 and MnO2/graphene (abbreviated as Mn and MnG) nanocomposite has been prepared through a facile hydrothermal method under mild conditions. The morphology and nanostructure of the prepared composite are individualized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman microscope, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD results reveal the pure tetragonal phase of α-MnO2 with the space group of I4/m. TEM images show spherical morphology for pure Mn and layered structure for MnG. The results of N2 adsorption–desorption analysis indicates the specific surface area of the prepared nanomaterials and it was found to be 92 m2/g and 134 m2/g for the pure Mn and MnG nanocomposites. The XPS spectrum shows the confining states of different elements present in the composites. Electrochemical execution of the synthesized composite electrodes was evaluated using both two and three-electrode system. We have achieved maximum specific capacitance of 1537 Fg−1 at the charging current of 20 Ag−1 with high steadiness was observed up to 6000 cycles. The fabricated ASC devices manifest a maximum energy density of 22 Wh kg−1 with long standing cyclic stability of 90.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.

Supercapacitors are emerged as leading energy storage device and developing new electrode materials for supercapacitors has received much scientific interest from the researchers. In this study, we have synthesized tin oxide-decorated amorphous silica (SnO2@RH-SiO2) nanostructures using rice husk template as a silica source via simple microwave combustion method for supercapacitor applications. XRD, FT-IR, and EDX studies obviously characterize that silica is present in amorphous form along with crystalline SnO2 having a rutile tetragonal structure in the prepared SnO2@RH-SiO2 sample. Further, TEM observation indicates that prepared sample is consisting of amorphous silica nanospheres decorated with agglomerated tin oxide nanoparticles having size of 5–10 nm. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge studies characterize the supercapacitive behavior of working electrode fabricated from prepared SnO2@RH-SiO2 nanostructure. The specific capacitances of SnO2@RH-SiO2 nanostructure are about 448, 330, 275, 240, 225, and 200 F/g with the current density value of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 A/g, respectively. The presence SnO2 species in SnO2@RH-SiO2 nanostructure can provide reactive surfaces for the adsorption/desorption charges and it facilitates the charge storage at the surface of sample. The above results suggested that the prepared SnO2@RH-SiO2 nanostructure has potential application for making electrochemical supercapacitors.

We developed a facile hydrothermal route to synthesize hexagonal shaped CuS/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite for high performance supercapacitors. The as-obtained products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, Transmission electron microscope, Energy dispersive spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. XRD and TEM results suggest that CuS crystalline with hexagonal shaped particles are uniformly distributed onto the surface of rGO or wrapped in the rGO. The Lattice parameter of bare CuS was found to be a = b = c = 3.631 A and volume = 47.83 A3, further it was decreased to a = b = c = 3.591 A and volume = 46.26 A3 for CuS/rGO composite. The XPS result confirms that presence of C and valance state of Cu2+ in the CuS/rGO composite. The BET analysis confirms that CuS/rGO composite shows high specific area (122 m2g−1) and lower pore size 8–10 nm compared with bare CuS (surface area = 71 m2g−1 and pore size = 12–15 nm). Remarkably, the electrochemical performance of the CuS/rGO composite electrode exhibits a maximum capacity of 1604 Fg−1 at a specific current of 2 Ag−1 and results in good long term cyclic stability 97% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the fabricated CuS/rGO//AC based asymmetric supercapacitor showed outstanding cyclability (capacitance retention of 99.5% after 5000 cycles at 2 Ag−1), and high-energy density (21 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 315 W kg−1).

Biologicals are a rapidly evolving group of drugs derived from biological agents which target specific immune mediators. The use of biologicals in dermatology is on the rise, especially for inflammatory and immunological conditions. As pregnancy and lactation are associated with exacerbation of various inflammatory conditions necessitating administration of biologicals in certain cases, their use in these physiologically altered states has to be evaluated. This article aims at reviewing the common biologicals used in dermatology and their feasibility in pregnancy and lactation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors are the most experienced group of biologicals in pregnancy and lactation, the newer biologicals have only animal studies and isolated case reports to back up their use. The commonly used biologicals are tabulated and discussed herewith. The guidelines and recommendations are derived from the data of use in other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis as there is no sufficient literature evidence for the use of biologicals in pregnancy for dermatological conditions. It was extrapolated that biologicals, being large molecular weight immunoglobulins or recombinant proteins, may be used with judicious care in the first two trimesters of pregnancy and after the 1stweek of lactation, if benefits to the mother outweigh the theoretical risk to the infant.

In the present work, a well-defined dumbbell shaped ZnO was synthesized by hydrothermal method and ZnO dumbbell/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/rGO) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple solution mixing method with the different rGO loading amount. The formation of nanocomposites, crystal structure, shape, size and optical properties of the ZnO/rGO nanocomposites were investigated using various analytical techniques. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of synthesized materials was evaluated by the degradation of aqueous Methyl Orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB) under UV–Visible light irradiation. The results revealed that 3 wt% rGO loaded ZnO dumbbell (ZnO-3% rGO) exhibited the higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency than pure ZnO dumbbell and rGO. The enhancement in the photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency of ZnO-3% rGO is attributed to the efficient dye adsorption nature, a red shift in light absorption and inhibition of photo-excited electron-hole pair recombination rate. The photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency also evaluated for various catalyst dosage, dye concentration and pH of the solution. Moreover, it was demonstrated the stability of catalyst over a repeated cycle of dye treatment.

Carbonate intercalated layered Zn, ZnNi and ZnCu hydroxides were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method for the visible light driven photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation. The crystalline phase, surface states, optical and morphological properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The XRD measurement demonstrated that all the synthesized materials were in a regular layered structure. Optical spectra of the samples were revealed that layered ZnNi hydroxide showed the visible light absorption property. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared layered materials examined by the degradation of methyl blue (MB) dye solution under visible light illumination. Among the prepared layered hydroxide, ZnNi hydroxide exhibited the 90% removal rate for MB under visible light illumination. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnNi hydroxide is due to combined visible light absorption nature and hierarchical flower-like structure with a large number of active sites. Moreover, the ZnNi hydroxide has very good recyclability until remain active after the complete fourth degradation cycle.

The optimisation of DC plasma process towards maximising the fabric's hydrophilicity using Design-Expert 7.0.0 software has been reported in this paper. Out of various designs available, the Box-Behnken design was adopted for this purpose. The process parameters considered for optimisation were pressure of the gas (commercial grade air) used to produce plasma, DC current and the time for which the fabric was exposed to the plasma. These were keyed in as the three input parameters and the corresponding measure of hydrophilicity was fed as the response. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the model and an associated discussion on the basis of Langmuir probe analysis, Physical analysis and ATR-FTIR analysis has been reported. The response predicted by the model was in good agreement with that obtained through experiment.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease affecting the blood vessels, skin, and internal organs. The main pathogenic mechanisms are vascular dysregulation, tissue fibrosis due to collagen and extracellular protein deposition, and autoantibody production due to immune dysfunction. The treatment also targets these mechanisms. Various criteria including the American College of Rheumatology and the European League against Rheumatism are laid down for the clinical diagnosis of scleroderma, and treatment is tailored to the systems involved. In the initial stages of the SSc, immunosuppressants are more useful, whereas in the later stages, antifibrotic therapies are important. Vasospasm and endothelial dysfunction are seen in all stages of the disease, and hence, vascular therapies are needed throughout the course of the disease. Special care should be taken to rule out gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and renal system involvement if the primary treatment is by a dermatologist.

In the present work, an attempt to synthesis of bimetallic copper zinc tungstate (CuZnWO4) nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide (CuZnWO4/rGO) via one-step hydrothermal technique. The synthesized CuZnWO4/rGO composite are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL). The photocatalytic performance is examined by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible-light irradiation. The MB dye isalmost 73 % degraded within 80 minutes. Further, the electrochemical performance of hybrid CuZnWO4–rGOcomposite showed the specific capacity (SC) of 480 Fg− 1 at 4 Ag− 1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte with excellent cyclabilityconserving a capacitance retention of 127% after 5000 cycles due to increase diffusion of electrolyte ions to the electrode materials. These results support that the hybrid CuZnWO4–rGO composite as an appropriate electrode material for high-performance SCs electrode and an auspicious catalyst for the degradation of dye (organic) contaminants in aqueous media.

ZnO hexagonal tube and ZnO/r-GO nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method and the nanostructures were characterized by XRD, UV-DRS, PL, FTIR, FESEM, and TEM techniques. The main violet emission peak of the synthesized nanostructures is due to the transition between interstitial zinc and hole (valence band) of ZnO. The potential of ZnO/r-GO nanocomposite was evaluated using methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine-B (RhB), and the results were compared with the activity of synthesized ZnO nanostructures. More than 95% of MO and RhB were by ZnO/r-GO nanocomposite and it was found to be higher than that of ZnO hexagonal tube. The degradation MO and RhB were found to follow first-order kinetics and it has a rate constant of 7.68 × 10−2and 7.83 × 10−2 min−1, respectively. These results are mainly due to the enhanced charge transport property. Trapping experiments show that superoxide radical anion and hydroxide radicals are chief species responsible for the degradation of MO and RhB. The chemical stability of the nanocomposite was evaluated by cycle test experiments and it reveals that the catalyst can be reused up to few cycles without considerable loss of photocatalytic activity. This work affords a simple stratagem to integrate ZnO hexagonal tubes and r-GO nanosheets to construct effective catalysts for the degradation of organic compounds.

Transition Metal oxide decorated graphene nanosheets have accumulated a lot of consideration due to their potential applications in electrochemical energy storage devices especially in supercapacitors (SCs). Nanostructured mixed multi-metal oxides have been employed as promising electrodes for creating more active site for electron transfer. All-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) have significant theoretical capacitance, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability suitable for energy storage device fabrication with optimum energy and power density. Here, we demonstrate a Solvothermal route to synthesis ternary α-Fe2O3/MnO2/rGO composites.. The hybrid ternary composites in 3-electrode configuration showed maximum capacitance of 447 F g−1 at optimum current density at1A g−1 and 96 % of capacitance retention after 10,000 GCD cycles at 10 A g−1in an alkaline medium. The fabricated ASC device with ternary composites (positive) and negative electrodes (rGO) separated by PVA/KOH gel-electrolyte separator exhibits maximum cell voltage of 1.4 V with high specific capacitance of 97 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Additionally, the assembled device delivered a high energy density of 13.2 W h kg−1and a high power density of 6124 W kg−1 with an excellent capacitance retention of 92% and columbic efficiency of 96 % preserved over 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1with good reversibility. Besides, the Solvothermal strategy supports for the fabrication of metal oxide could be applicable for other metal oxide electrode materials preparation.

Ternary transition metal sulfides are propitious electrode materials caused by low electronegativity, high conductivity and higher electrochemical activity in comparison to transition metal oxides and single metal sulfides. In this work, Zinc Cobalt Sulfide (ZCS)nanosheets have been successfully prepared through a simple, cost-effective hydrothermal method and characterized by X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive X- Ray Analysis (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The supercapacitor performance of ZCS nanomaterial electrodes was done by electrochemical measurements and ZCS nanosheets revealed a clear enhancement in specific capacity and cycling stability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a much lower charge transfer resistance of the samples. These results proved that the ZCS nanosheets may be utilized as capable electrode materials for next generation energy storage devices.

In the present work, spinel Ni(1−X)CrXFe2O4 (X = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 M) nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400 °C for 2 h. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were studied using powder XRD,micro-Raman measurements, FE-SEM, TEM and EDS. The results revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were single-crystal, cubic-phase structure with spherical shape. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the elements present in the synthesized nanoparticles. Moreover, microwave absorption properties were measured using vector network analyser (VNA). The minimum reflection loss − 14.44 dB at 9.49 GHz was observed for Ni(1−X)CrXFe2O4 (X = 0.5 M) nanoparticles at 3 mm thickness. These results suggest that Ni(1−X)CrXFe2O4 (X = 0.5 M) nanoparticles would be applicable for microwave absorption application.

In the present work, spindle-shaped ZnO and reduced graphene oxide sheets were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method and then ZnO/r-GO composite was prepared by a direct solution mixing method. Various characterization results confirmed the interior and surface decoration of spindle-shaped ZnO on the reduced graphene oxide sheets. The phase formation, crystalline structure, morphology, surface states and optical properties were characterized using Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure of ZnO with high crystalline quality. The band gap of the ZnO/r-GO composite was found to be low (3.03eV) compared to the band gap of spindle shaped ZnO (3.13 eV), as calculated from optical studies. The spindle-like morphology of the single crystalline ZnO was clearly shown in the electron microscopic images. The chemical bonding and surface states of the samples were studied using XPS measurement. Moreover, a possible growth mechanism for the ZnO spindle was proposed. The catalytic activity of the as-synthesized samples was evaluated for the photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Among the synthesized samples, the ZnO/r-GO composite showed higher degradation efficiency of 93% and successfully reused for four consecutive run without any activity loss.

The polyindole/Graphitic carbon nitride (PIn/g-C3N4) composites synthesized by the reflux method. The characterization results showed that the composites possess balanced porosity, good charge diffusion, high energy and power densities. PIn/g-C3N4 composite showed the specific capacity (QS) of 440.8 C/g at 6 A/g in 1 mol/L aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte. The asymmetric device of PIn/g-C3N4//rGO showed QS of 73.84 C/g at 3 A/g. PIn/g-C3N4//rGO device offered a moderate cyclic retention of 72% at 18 A/g after 5,000 cycles with an energy density of 23.2 Wh/Kg and power density of 2307 W/Kg at 3 A/g. The results demonstrated that PIn/g-C3N4 composite has a potential application in field of energy storage devices.

In the present work, we have performed Raman spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopic analysis and electrochemical measurements of dynamic shock wave loaded cobalt ferrite nano-particles (CoFe2O4 NPs) for different number of shock pulses as that of 0, 50,100 and 150 such that the respective observations have been investigated and the results are reported. Interestingly, among the four samples, 50 shocks loaded sample has homogenous particle size distribution and a high value of specific capacitance due to the occurrence of the shock wave-induced dynamic re-crystallization. Based on the observed electrochemical properties, shock wave loaded CoFe2O4 NPs are strongly suggested for energy storage applications.

Here in, ZnO sphere/r-GO composites was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The morphological characterizations (FE-SEM and TEM) indicated the ZnO sphere covered by r-GO nanosheets. The formation of the prepared ZnO sphere/r-GO composites was investigated by XRD and FT-IR analytical techniques, respectively. The composite electrode material exhibited high specific capacitance of 293.5 F/g at the current density 1 A g−1 and also outstanding cyclic stability of 96% retained after 10,000 charge discharge (GCD) cycles at of 6 A g−1. The catalytic activity of ZnO sphere and ZnO sphere/r-GO composites shows the degradation percentage if 76.2 and 94.6%, respectively. ZnO sphere/r-GO composite shows around 24% of catalytic enhancement due to the high specific surface area of r-GO, and also the composite shows high reliability and degradation efficiency is still retained at 96.9% upto 5 cycles. The composite material is a potential candidate for high performance energy storage and photocatalytic applications.

In this work, we developed lab waste tissue paper derived activated carbon and bare Mn2P2O7/NF and polypyrrole (PPy) incorporated Mn2P2O7/NF@PPy materials by using hydrothermal and chemical polymerization methods. The phase confirmation, structural morphology, surface area information and chemical compositions of prepared materials were characterized by using XRD, FESEM, BET and XPS analysis. In electrochemical results of activated carbon, Mn2P2O7/NF and Mn2P2O7/NF@PPy electrodes capacitive and diffusive behaviours are discussed in this article. In effect of polypyrrole incorporated Mn2P2O7/NF@PPy electrode exhibits high specific capacitance of 658 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 compared with a bare electrode. The fabricated asymmetric device by using activated carbon as anode and Mn2P2O7/NF@PPy material as cathode material and delivers a high energy density of 27.4 Whkg−1 compared with recent developed activated carbon and polypyrrole based devices.

Identification of electrode materials with excellent specific capacity and energy density are significant factors for the development of high-performance supercapattery device. Transition metal tungstate is an emerging electroactive material for supercapattery due to its excellent electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties. Herein, the mesoporous Ni(1−x)Co(x)WO4 nanomaterials were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method as an anode material for supercapattery. The apparent discrepancy in mesoporous structures was incited by varying the stoichiometric ratio of Ni/Co in the Ni(1−x)Co(x)WO4 system which lead to an increase in the electrochemical properties. Among the synthesized electrode materials, Ni0.5Co0.5WO4 electrode material delivers the high specific capacity of 634.55 Cg−1 at 1 Ag−1 with an excellent rate capability of 92% after 10,000 cycles at 10 Ag−1. The solid-state supercapattery constructed with Nio.5Co0.5WO4 and reduced graphene oxide as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The device exhibits the maximum specific capacity of 134.70 Cg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1 and energy density of 56.12 Wh kg−1 at 500 W kg−1 with long-term cyclic stability (90% capacity retentively after 20,000 cycles). The high performance of this electrode material has been attributed to the synergetic effect between bimetallic (Ni and Co) redox centers, a mesoporous structure that provides a larger redox cites, rich electrical conductivity, shorter diffusion length, and faster electrochemical kinetic rates for electrochemical reactions.

Cosmetic and beauty products, though not essential for physical health, go a long way in providing mental well-being and confidence, and hence are used substantially. Increasing utilization of varying cosmetic products leads to a multitude of adverse effects. There is more awareness about cosmeceutics, cosmetic products and their adverse effects, and studies on the same are currently trending. Bibliometrics has become a prominent and growing field of research in recent years. The aim of this research was to assess bibliometric features and conduct systematic trend analysis on the literature available on cosmetics’ adverse effects. We analyzed all the published documents that included the keywords “cosmetics” and “adverse effects” between 1957 and 2021. We performed a detailed scientometric and bibliometric assessment in this field. A total of 4127 articles were retrieved from the databases provided by Scopus, which most were original articles. The United States ranked first and dominated the literature with 1292 (31.44%) documents followed by South Korea 7.47%. Harvard medical school was the most productive institution (1.16%). The study of the adverse effects of cosmetics should be supported and taken up by the researchers/authors from developing and underdeveloped countries.

The performances of the supercapacitor mainly rely on the design of electrode materials. The transition metal molybdates have been attracted as electrode material in supercapacitor due to their physicochemical properties. In the present work, a petal-like CoMoO4/r-GO composite was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties were studied by using different analytical methods. As an electrode material, the CoMoO4/r-GO composite exhibited a high specific capacity of 425Cg-1at current density 1 Ag−1 with an excellent rate capability of 92.2% retained over 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at current density 10 Ag−1. Besides, the constructed asymmetric supercapacitor delivered a high energy density of 63.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1.