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Nano-based technologies are one of the most effective ways to resolve poor aqueous solubility and low absorption of drugs. Nanocrystals are pure drug crystals of particle size below 1000 nm with or without stabilizers adsorbed on it. Nanocrystals are carrier free and can be introduced in any of dosage forms. Reduced particle size and crystallinity offer increased solubility, dissolution velocity, and mucoadhesion. This causes an improvement in pharmacokinetic parameters and drug performance. Top-down approaches like milling, homogenization and bottom-up approach of precipitation are methods of preparation of nanocrystals. Also, combinations of these methods are used for nanocrystals preparation. This review discussed and summarized the improved in-vitro/in-vivo performances and pharmacokinetics of drug nanocrystals.

Niosomes are considered as novel nano-carrier in the drug delivery systems. These are much more stable than other nano-carriers like liposomes and nanoparticles. It is an example for targeted and control release of medication. The drug is entrapped into lipid core so that it prevents the drug from leaching. Here the drug will be targeted only to the desired cell/tissue and not to the non-targeted cells. By giving this formulation we can thereby reduce the dose of the drug and toxicity. This review article mainly emphasizes on the potential applications of niosomes in targeted drug delivery system. Keywords: niosomes, nanocarriers, targeted drug delivery.

Herbal formulations marketed in India for many years providing its therapeutic benefits in health problems. Medicinal plants or their phytoconstituents are less toxic and free from side effects than synthetic drugs. However, formulation aspects of these phytoconstituents are limited due to its low solubility. Nanotechnology is a promising technique to increase the solubility of herbal drugs. This will lead to a subsequent reduction in drug dose. Nanoformulations such as nanosuspension increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and also have good targeting effects on different cells. The efficacy of herbal nanosuspensions evaluated using different cell lines. Here, hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SMMC-7721), human prostate cancer cell line, human myelogenous leukemia cell line, human epithelial cell line, human breast cancer cell lines (4T1, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-453), carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell line (A549), human umbilical vein endothelial cell line, human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), and human epithelial carcinoma cell line (HeLa) are used in the evaluation procedures. In vitro assays help in the determination of the dose range of drugs for the activity. The present review highlights the in vitro cancer studies of herbal nanosuspensions using different cell lines.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is improving the health care services throughout the world. In health care system, ICT involve application of information and communication processing using computer for storage, recovery, sharing and use of knowledge on uses of medicines and patient-centred services. Similarly, web-based system, e-prescription, automated dispensing system, mobile technology and innovations in ICT tools are giving a way to access the data in health care sector all over the world. In healthcare system, ICTs can enhance the qualities of services to dispense the medicines and to maintain the data on patients medication history and patients safety. With this information, this review article mainly focused on overview of ICT tools application in healthcare system. How to cite this article:Dineshkumar B, Krishnakumar K, Nair SK, Paul D. An Overview of Information and Communication Technology Tools Application in Healthcare System. J Adv Res Med Sci Tech 2019; 6(1&2): 15-17.

The recent innovative advance in nanotechnology has led to the development of targeted drug delivery system. Targeting a molecule to a particular site with the help of a drug delivery system efficiently requires the use of specialized drug delivery systems. The invention of Nano sponges has become a significant step in overcoming the problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems. These are able to carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Nano sponge technology widely provide the controlled and predictable release of the drug to the targeted site. The Nano sponge particles circulate around the body and get attached with the target site and release the drug. A wide variety of drugs can be incorporated in the Nano sponge formulation since it possess a porous structure in nature. Nano sponge technology has been studied widely for the drug delivery by oral administration, topical administration and parenteral administration. Nano sponges can be used to prevent drug and protein degradation. Another important characteristic of Nano sponge is that they can improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drug. In this review advantages, composition, method of preparation, evaluation and application of different formulations of drugs and recent studies on Nano sponge have been discussed.

Nanosuspensions are colloidal dispersions and biphasic system consisting of drug particles dispersed in an aqueous vehicle in which the diameter of the suspended particle is less than 1μm in size. Many drugs including antibiotics are having poor solubility. Nanosuspensions have proven to be a better alternative over other approaches currently available for improving bioavailability of such drugs with low solubility. This review describes the methods of pharmaceutical nanosuspension of antibiotic formulations and pharmaceutical applications in drug delivery. Keywords: Nanosuspension, Bioavailability, Solubility