226 results on '"Smith SH"'
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2. The use of artificial neural networks and decision trees: Implications for health-care research
- Author
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Smith Shaina and McConnell Sabine
- Subjects
decision trees ,artificial neural networks ,bias ,understandability ,health-care research ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
The use of decision trees and artificial neural networks (ANNs) in health-care research is widespread, as they enable health-care providers with the tools they need to make better medical decisions with their patients. ANNs specifically are extremely helpful in predictive research as they can provide investigators with knowledge about future trends and patterns. However, a major downside to ANNs is their lack of interpretability. Understandability of the model is important as it ensures the outcomes are true to the dataset’s original labels and are not impacted by algorithmic bias. In comparison, decision trees map out their entire process before providing the results, which leads to a higher level of trust in the model and the conclusions it supplies the investigators with. This is essential as many historical datasets lack equal and fair representation of all races and sexes, which might directly correlate to a lesser treatment given to females and individuals in minority groups. Here, we review existing work around the differences and connections between ANNs and decision trees with implications for research in health care.
- Published
- 2024
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3. A Real-World Molecular Epidemiological Study of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients from Western India
- Author
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Ashish Joshi, Reshma Korgavkar, Kshitij Joshi, Vashishth Maniar, Pritam Kalaskar, Pradip Kendre, Udip Dilip Maheshwari, Chandrashekhar Pethe, Smith Sheth, and Sonal Dhande
- Subjects
NSCLC ,KRAS ,EGFR ,EML4-ALK ,ROS 1 ,PD-L1 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2023
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4. In-hospital clinical outcomes after upper gastrointestinal surgery: Data from an international observational study
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Ahmad, T, Bouwman, RA, Grigoras, I, Aldecoa, C, Hofer, C, Hoeft, A, Holt, P, Fleisher, LA, Buhre, W, Pearse, RM, Ferguson, M, MacMahon, M, Shulman, M, Cherian, R, Currow, H, Kanathiban, K, Gillespie, D, Pathmanathan, E, Phillips, K, Reynolds, J, Rowley, J, Douglas, J, Kerridge, R, Garg, S, Bennett, M, Jain, M, Alcock, D, Terblanche, N, Cotter, R, Leslie, K, Stewart, M, Zingerle, N, Clyde, A, Hambidge, O, Rehak, A, Cotterell, S, Huynh, WBQ, McCulloch, T, Ben-Menachem, E, Egan, T, Cope, J, Halliwell, R, Fellinger, P, Haisjackl, M, Haselberger, S, Holaubek, C, Lichtenegger, P, Scherz, F, Schmid, W, Hoffer, F, Cakova, V, Eichwalder, A, Fischbach, N, Klug, R, Schneider, E, Vesely, M, Wickenhauser, R, Grubmueller, KG, Leitgeb, M, Lang, F, Toro, N, Bauer, M, Laengle, F, Haberl, C, Mayrhofer, T, Trybus, C, Buerkle, C, Forstner, K, Germann, R, Rinoesl, H, Schindler, E, Trampitsch, E, Bogner, G, Dankl, D, Duenser, M, Fritsch, G, Gradwohl-Matis, I, Hartmann, A, Hoelzenbein, T, Jaeger, T, 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Anesthesiology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, ACS - Microcirculation, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, and International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) group
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Male ,IMPACT ,Cancer ,Complication rate ,Mortality ,Oesophagectomy ,Postoperative care ,Upper gastrointestinal surgery ,SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,Risk Factors ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hospital Mortality ,Prospective Studies ,ESOPHAGOGASTRIC CANCER ,Prospective cohort study ,Digestive System Surgical Procedures ,RISK ,Perioperative medicine ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Oncology ,Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ,Elective Surgical Procedures ,MORTALITY FOLLOWING ESOPHAGECTOMY ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Elective Surgical Procedure ,Cohort study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,ENHANCED RECOVERY ,PERIOPERATIVE MEDICINE ,Postoperative Complications/mortality ,NO ,03 medical and health sciences ,Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ,MORBIDITY ,medicine ,Humans ,Digestive System Surgical Procedures/mortality ,business.industry ,LONG-TERM SURVIVAL ,Odds ratio ,Length of Stay ,CARE ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Human medicine ,Complication ,business - Abstract
Aims: Previous research suggests that patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery are at high risk of poor postoperative outcomes. The aim of our study was to describe patient outcomes after elective upper gastrointestinal surgery at a global level.Methods: Prospective analysis of data collected during an international seven-day cohort study of 474 hospitals in 27 countries. Patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal. surgery were recruited. Outcome measures were in-hospital complications and mortality at 30-days. Results are presented as n(%) and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.Results: 2139 patients were included, of whom 498 (23.2%) developed one or more postoperative complications, with 30 deaths (1.4%). Patients with complications had longer median hospital stay 11 (6-18) days vs. 5 (2-10) days. Infectious complications were most frequent, affecting 368 (17.2%) patients. 328 (15.3%) patients were admitted to critical care postoperatively, of whom 161 (49.1%) developed a complication with 14 deaths (4.3%). In a multivariable logistic regression model we identified age (OR 1.02 [1.01-1.03]), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III (OR 2.12 [1.44-3.16]) and IV (OR 3.23 [1.72-6.09]), surgery for cancer (OR 1.63 [1.27-2.11]), open procedure (OR 1.40 [1.10-1.78]), intermediate surgery (OR 1.75 [1.12-2.81]) and major surgery (OR 2.65 [1.72-4.23]) as independent risk factors for postoperative complications. Patients undergoing major surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancer experienced twice the rate of complications compared to those undergoing other procedures (224/578 patients [38.8%] versus 274/1561 patients [17.6%]).Conclusions: Complications and death are common after upper gastrointestinal surgery. Patients undergoing major surgery for cancer are at greatest risk. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd, BASO similar to The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.
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- 2017
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5. Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries
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Ahmad, T, Bouwman, RA, Grigoras, I, Aldecoa, C, Hofer, C, Hoeft, A, Holt, P, Fleisher, LA, Buhre, W, Pearse, RM, Ferguson, M, MacMahon, M, Shulman, M, Cherian, R, Currow, H, Kanathiban, K, Gillespie, D, Pathmanathan, E, Phillips, K, Reynolds, J, Rowley, J, Douglas, J, Kerridge, R, Garg, S, Bennett, M, Jain, M, Alcock, D, Terblanche, N, Cotter, R, Leslie, K, Stewart, M, Zingerle, N, Clyde, A, Hambidge, O, Rehak, A, Cotterell, S, Huynh, WBQ, McCulloch, T, Ben-Menachem, E, Egan, T, Cope, J, Halliwell, R, Fellinger, P, Haisjackl, M, Haselberger, S, Holaubek, C, Lichtenegger, P, Scherz, F, Schmid, W, Hoffer, F, Cakova, V, Eichwalder, A, Fischbach, N, Klug, R, Schneider, E, Vesely, M, Wickenhauser, R, Grubmueller, KG, Leitgeb, M, Lang, F, Toro, N, Bauer, M, Laengle, F, Haberl, C, Mayrhofer, T, Trybus, C, Buerkle, C, Forstner, K, Germann, R, Rinoesl, H, Schindler, E, Trampitsch, E, Bogner, G, Dankl, D, Duenser, M, Fritsch, G, Gradwohl-Matis, I, Hartmann, A, Hoelzenbein, T, Jaeger, T, Landauer, F, Lindl, G, Lux, M, Steindl, J, Stundner, O, Szabo, C, Bidgoli, J, Verdoodt, H, Forget, P, Kahn, D, Lois, F, Momeni, M, Pregardien, C, Pospiech, A, Steyaert, A, Veevaete, L, De Kegel, D, De Jongh, K, Foubert, L, Smitz, C, Vercauteren, M, Poelaert, J, Van Mossevelde, V, Abeloos, J, Bouchez, S, Coppens, M, De Baerdemaeker, L, Deblaere, I, De Bruyne, A, De Hert, S, Fonck, K, Heyse, B, Jacobs, T, Lapage, K, Moerman, A, Neckebroek, M, Parashchanka, A, Roels, N, Van Den Eynde, N, Vandenheuvel, M, Van Limmen, J, Vanluchene, A, Vanpeteghem, C, Wouters, P, Wyffels, P, Huygens, C, Vandenbempt, P, Van de Velde, M, Dylst, D, Janssen, B, Schreurs, E, Aleixo, FB, Candido, K, Batista, HD, Guimaraes, M, Guizeline, J, Hoffmann, J, Lobo, S, Marques Lobo, FR, Nascimento, V, Nishiyama, K, Pazetto, L, Souza, D, Rodrigues, RS, Vilela dos Santos, AM, Jardim, J, Sa Malbouisson, LM, Silva, J, Do Nascimento Junior, P, Baio, TH, Pereira de Castro, GI, Watanabe Oliveira, HR, Amendola, CP, Cardoso, G, Ortega, D, Brotto, AF, De Oliveira, MC, Rea-Neto, A, Dias, F, Travi, ME, Zerman, L, Azambuja, P, Knibel, MF, Martins, A, Almeida, W, Neder Neto, C, Tardelli, MA, Caser, E, Machado, M, Aguzzoli, C, Baldisserotto, S, Tabajara, FB, Bettega, F, Rodrigues Junior, LHC, De Gasperi, J, Faina, L, Nolasco, MF, Da Costa Fischer, BF, De Campos Ferreira, MF, Hartmann, C, Kliemann, M, Ribeiro, GLH, Fraga, JM, Netto, TM, Pozza, LV, Wendling, PR, Azevedo, C, Garcia, J, Lopes, M, Maia, B, Maselli, P, Melo, R, Mendes, W, Neves, M, Ney, J, Piras, C, Applewhaite, C, Carr, A, Chow, L, Duttchen, K, Foglia, J, Greene, M, Hinther, A, Houston, K, McCormick, TJ, Mikhayel, J, Montasser, S, Ragan, A, Suen, A, Woolsey, A, Yu, HC, Funk, D, Kowalski, S, Legaspi, R, McDonald, H, Siddiqui, F, Pridham, J, Rowe, B, Sampson, S, Thiessen, B, Zbitnew, G, Bernard, A, George, R, Jones, P, Moor, R, Siddiqui, N, Wolfer, A, Tran, D, Winch, D, Dobson, G, McCormick, T, Montasser, O, Hall, R, Baghirzada, L, Curley, G, Dai, SY, Hare, G, Lee, E, Shastri, U, Tsui, A, Yagnik, A, Alvares, D, Choi, S, Dwyer, H, Flores, K, McCartney, C, Somascanthan, P, Beattie, S, Carroll, J, Pazmino-Canizares, J, Wijeysundera, D, Ami, N, Chan, V, Perlas, A, Argue, R, Huang, Y, Lavis, K, Mayson, K, Cao, Y, Gao, H, Hu, T, Lv, J, Yang, J, Yang, Y, Zhong, Y, Zhou, J, Zou, X, He, M, Li, X, Luo, D, Wang, H, Yu, T, Chen, L, Wang, L, Cai, Y, Cao, Z, Li, Y, Lian, J, Sun, H, Wang, S, Wang, Z, Wang, K, Zhu, Y, Du, X, Fan, H, Fu, Y, Huang, L, Hwan, H, Luo, H, Qu, P-S, Tao, F, Wang, G, Zhang, Y, Zhang, X, Chen, C, Wang, W, Liu, Z, Fan, L, Tang, J, Chen, Y, Han, Y, Huang, C, Liang, G, Shen, J, Wang, J, Yang, Q, Zhen, J, Zhou, H, Chen, J, Chen, Z, Meng, B, Ye, H, Bi, Y, Cao, J, Guo, F, Lin, H, Liu, Y, Lv, M, Shi, P, Song, X, Sun, C, Sun, Y, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Chen, R, Hou, J, Leng, Y, Meng, Q-T, Qian, L, Shen, Z-Y, Xia, Z-Y, Xue, R, Zhao, B, Zhou, X-J, Chen, Q, Guo, H, Guo, Y, Qi, Y, Wei, J, Zhang, W, Zheng, L, Bao, Q, Fei, Y, Hu, N, Hu, X, Lei, M, Lv, X, Miao, F, Ouyang, L, Shen, C, Wang, D, Wu, C, Xu, L, Yuan, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, H, Zhao, J, Zhao, C, Zhao, L, Zheng, T, Zhou, D, Zhou, C, Lu, K, Zhao, T, He, C, Chen, H, Chen, S, Cheng, B, He, J, Jin, L, Li, C, Li, H, Pan, Y, Shi, Y, Wen, XH, Wu, S, Xie, G, Zhang, K, Lu, X, Chen, F, Liang, Q, Lin, X, Ling, Y, Liu, G, Tao, J, Yang, L, Cheng, Z, Dai, H, Feng, Y, Hou, B, Gong, H, Hu, CH, Huang, H, Huang, J, Jiang, Z, Li, M, Lin, J, Liu, M, Liu, W, Luo, F, Ma, L, Min, J, Shi, X, Song, Z, Wan, X, Xiong, Y, Yang, S, Zhang, Q, Zhao, W, Zhu, X, Bai, Y, Dai, Q, Geng, W, Han, K, He, X, Ji, B, Jia, D, Jin, S, Li, Q, Liang, D, Luo, S, Lwang, L, Mo, Y, Qi, X, Qian, M, Qin, J, Ren, Y, Xie, J, Yan, Y, Yao, Y, Zhuang, X, Ai, Y, Du, F, He, L, Li, Z, Li, L, Meng, S, Yuan, Y, Zhang, E, Zhang, J, Zhao, S, Ji, Z, Pei, L, Dong, B, Li, J, Miao, Z, Mu, H, Qin, C, Su, L, Wen, Z, Xie, K, Yu, Y, Yuan, F, Xiao, W, Zhu, Z, Fu, K, Hu, R, Huang, S, Liang, Y, Yu, S, Guo, Z, Jing, Y, Tang, N, Wu, J, Yuan, D, Zhang, R, Zhao, X, Bai, H-P, Liu, C-X, Liu, F-F, Ren, W, Wang, X-L, Xu, G-J, Li, B, Ou, Y, Tang, Y, Yao, S, Zhang, S, Kong, C-C, Liu, B, Wang, T, Lu, B, Xia, Y, Cai, F, Chen, P, Hu, S, Xu, Q, Hu, L, Jing, L, Liu, Q, Peng, ZD, Qiu, X, Ren, Q, Tong, Y, Wen, Y, Wu, Q, Xia, J, Xiong, X, Xu, S, Yang, T, Yin, N, Zeng, Q, Zhang, B, Zheng, K, Cang, J, Fan, Y, Fu, S, Ge, X, Guo, B, Huang, W, Jiang, L, Jiang, X, Shan, Q, Wang, F, Christiansen, IC, Granum, SN, Rasmussen, BS, Daugaard, M, Gambhir, R, Brandsborg, B, Steingrimsdottir, GE, Jensen-Gadegaard, P, Olsen, KS, Siegel, H, Eskildsen, KZ, Gatke, MR, Wibrandt, I, Heintzelmann, SB, Lange, KHW, Lundsgaard, RS, Amstrup-Hansen, L, Hovendal, C, Larsen, M, Lenstrup, M, Kobborg, T, Larsen, JR, Pedersen, AB, Smith, SH, Oestervig, RM, Rasmussen, L, Afshari, A, Andersen, C, Ekelund, K, Secher, EL, Beloeil, H, Lasocki, S, Venara, A, Biais, M, Ouattara, A, Sineus, M, Molliex, S, Legouge, ML, Wallet, F, Tesniere, A, Gaudin, C, Lehur, P, Forsans, E, De Rudnicki, S, Maudet, VS, Mutter, D, Sojod, G, Ouaissi, M, Regimbeau, J-M, Futier, E, Desbordes, J, Comptaer, N, El Manser, D, Ethgen, S, Lebuffe, G, Auer, P, Haertl, C, Deja, M, Legashov, K, Sonnemann, S, Wiegand-Loehnert, C, Falk, E, Habicher, M, Angermair, S, Laetsch, B, Schmidt, K, Von Heymann, C, Ramminger, A, Jelschen, F, Pabel, S, Weyland, A, Czeslick, E, Gille, J, Malcharek, M, Sablotzki, A, Lueke, K, Wetzel, P, Weimann, J, Lenhart, F-P, Reichle, F, Schirmer, F, Hueppe, M, Klotz, K, Nau, C, Schoen, J, Mencke, T, Wasmund, C, Bankewitz, C, Baumgarten, G, Fleischer, A, Guttenthaler, V, Hack, Y, Kirchgaessner, K, Maenner, O, Schurig-Urbaniak, M, Struck, R, Van Zyl, R, Wittmann, M, Goebel, U, Harris, S, Veit, S, Andreadaki, E, Souri, F, Katsiadramis, I, Skoufi, A, Vasileiou, M, Aimoniotou-Georgiou, E, Katsourakis, A, Veroniki, F, Vlachogianni, G, Petra, K, Chlorou, D, Oloktsidou, E, Ourailoglou, V, Papapostolou, K, Tsaousi, G, Daikou, P, Dedemadi, G, Kalaitzopoulos, I, Loumpias, C, Bristogiannis, S, Dafnios, N, Gkiokas, G, Kontis, E, Kozompoli, D, Papailia, A, Theodosopoulos, T, Bizios, C, Koutsikou, A, Moustaka, A, Plaitakis, I, Armaganidis, A, Christodoulopoulou, T, Lignos, M, Theodorakopoulou, M, Asimakos, A, Ischaki, E, Tsagkaraki, A, Zakynthinos, S, Antoniadou, E, Koutelidakis, I, Lathyris, D, Pozidou, I, Voloudakis, N, Dalamagka, M, Elena, G, Chronis, C, Manolakaki, D, Mosxogiannidis, D, Slepova, T, Tsakiridou, I-S, Lampiri, C, Vachlioti, A, Panagiotakis, C, Sfyras, D, Tsimpoukas, F, Tsirogianni, A, Axioti, E, Filippopoulos, A, Kalliafa, E, Kassavetis, G, Katralis, P, Komnos, I, Pilichos, G, Ravani, I, Totis, A, Apagaki, E, Efthymiadi, A, Kampagiannis, N, Paraforou, T, Tsioka, A, Georgiou, G, Vakalos, A, Bairaktari, A, Charitos, E, Markou, G, Niforopoulou, P, Papakonstantinou, N, Tsigou, E, Xifara, A, Zoulamoglou, M, Gkioni, P, Karatzas, S, Kyparissi, A, Mainas, E, Papapanagiotou, I, Papavasilopoulou, T, Fragandreas, G, Georgopoulou, E, Katsika, E, Psarras, K, Synekidou, E, Verroiotou, M, Vetsiou, E, Zaimi, D, Anagnou, A, Apostolou, K, Melissopoulou, T, Rozenberg, T, Tsigris, C, Boutsikos, G, Kalles, V, Kotsalas, N, Lavdaiou, C, Paikou, F, Panagou, G-L, Spring, A, Arvaniti, K, Botis, I, Drimala, M, Georgakakis, G, Kiourtzieva, E, Ntouma, P, Prionas, A, Xouplidis, K, Dalampini, E, Giannaki, C, Iasonidou, C, Ioannidis, O, Lavrentieva, A, Papageorgiou, G, Kokkinoy, M, Stafylaraki, M, Gaitanakis, S, Karydakis, P, Paltoglou, J, Ponireas, P, Chaloulis, P, Provatidis, A, Sousana, A, Gardikou, VV, Konstantivelli, M, Lataniotou, O, Lisari, E, Margaroni, M, Stamatiou, K, Nikolaidis, E, Pnevmatikos, I, Sertaridou, E, Andreou, A, Arkalaki, E, Athanasakis, E, Chaniotaki, F, Chatzimichali, CA, Christofaki, M, Dermitzaki, D, Fiorentza, K, Frantzeskos, G, Geromarkaki, E, Kafkalaki, K, Kalogridaki, M, Karydi, K, Kokkini, S, Kougentakis, G, Lefaki, T, Lilitsis, E, Makatounaki, A, Malliotakis, P, Michelakis, D, Neonaki, M, Nyktari, V, Palikyra, I, Papadakis, E, Papaioannou, A, Sfakianakis, K, Sgouraki, M, Souvatzis, X, Spartinou, A, Stefanidou, N, Syrogianni, P, Tsagkaraki, G, Arnaoutoglou, E, Arnaoutoglou, C, Bali, C, Bouris, V, Doumos, R, Gkini, K-P, Kapaktsi, C, Koulouras, V, Lena, A, Lepida, D, Michos, E, Papadopoulos, D, Paschopoulos, M, Rompou, VA, Siouti, I, Tsampalas, S, Ververidou, O, Zilis, G, Charlalampidoy, A, Christodoulidis, G, Flossos, A, Stamoulis, K, Chan, M, Tsang, MSC, Tsang, MS, Lai, ML, Yip, CP, Chan, HMH, Law, B, Li, WS, Chu, HM, Koo, EGY, Lam, CCJ, Cheng, KH, Lam, T, Chu, S, Lam, WY, Wong, KWK, Kwok, D, Hung, CYJ, Chan, WKJ, Wong, WL, Chung, CKE, Ma, SK, Kaushik, S, Shah, B, Shah, D, Shah, S, Ar, P, Muthuchellappan, R, Agarwal, V, Divatia, J, Kulkarni, A, Mishra, S, Nimje, G, Pande, S, Savarkar, S, Shrivastava, A, Thomas, M, Yegnaram, S, Hidayatullah, R, Chandra, S, Tantri, A, Puar, N, Niman, S, Indra, I, Hamzah, Z, Yuliana, A, Abidin, UN, Dursin, AN, Kurnia, A, Susanti, A, Handayani, D, Alit, MA, Arya, A, Senapathi, TGA, Utara, UH, Wid, WM, Wima, S, Wir, WM, Jehosua, B, Kaunang, J, Lantang, EY, Najoan, R, Waworuntu, N, Awad, H, Fuad, A, Geddoa, E, Geddoa, B, Khalaf, AR, Al hussaini, S, Albaj, S, Kenber, M, Bettinelli, A, Spadaro, S, Volta, CA, Giancarlo, L, Sottosanti, V, Copetti, E, Della Rocca, G, Spagnesi, L, Toretti, I, Alloj, C, Cardellino, S, Carmino, L, Costanzo, E, Fanfani, LC, Novelli, MT, Roasio, A, Bellandi, M, Beretta, L, Bignami, E, Bocchino, S, Cabrini, L, Corti, D, Landoni, G, Meroni, R, Moizo, E, Monti, G, Pintaudi, M, Plumari, VP, Taddeo, D, Testa, V, Winterton, D, Zangrillo, A, Cloro, LM, Colangelo, C, Colangelo, A, Rotunno, G, Paludi, MA, Maria, CP, Pata, A, Parrini, V, Gatta, A, Nastasi, M, Tinti, C, Baroselli, A, Arrigo, M, Benevento, A, Bottini, C, Cannavo, M, Gastaldi, C, Marchesi, A, Pascazio, A, Pata, F, Pozzi, E, Premoli, A, Tessera, G, Boschi, L, D'Andrea, R, Ghignone, F, Poggioli, G, Sibilio, A, Taffurelli, M, Ugolini, G, Ab Majid, MA, Ab Rahman, R, Joseph, J, Pathan, F, Shah, MHS, Yap, HL, Cheah, S, Chin, II, Looi, JK, Tan, SC, Visvalingam, S, Kwok, FY, Lee, CK, Tan, TS, Wong, SM, Abdullah, NH, Liew, CF, Luxuman, L, Zin, NHM, Norddin, MF, Alias, RLR, Wong, JY, Yong, J, Bin Mustapha, MT, Chan, WK, Dzulkipli, N, Kuan, PX, Lee, YC, Alias, A, Guok, EC, Jee, CC, Ramon, BR, Wong, CW, Ghafar, FNIA, Aziz, FZ, Hussain, N, Lee, HS, Sukawi, I, Woon, YL, Hadi, HZA, Azam, UAA, Alias, AH, Kesut, SA, Lee, JM, Ooi, DV, Sulaiman, HA, Lih, TAT, Mansor, M, Veerakumaran, J, Luna, P, Rojas, E, Resendiz, GEA, Zapata, DDM, Lopez, JCJA, Flores, AAA, Amador, JCB, Avila, EJD, Aquino, LPG, Rodriguez, RL, Landa, MT, Urias, E, Hollmann, M, Hulst, A, Preckel, OKB, Koopman-van Gemert, A, Bouwman, A, Buise, M, Tolenaar, N, Weber, E, De Fretes, J, Houweling, P, Ormskerk, P, Van Bommel, J, Lance, M, Smit-Fun, V, Van Zundert, T, Baas, P, De Boer, HD, Sprakel, J, Elferink-Vonk, R, Noordzij, P, Van Zeggeren, L, Brand, B, Spanjersberg, R, Ten Bokkel-Andela, J, Numan, S, Van Klei, W, Van Zaane, B, Boer, C, Van Duivenvoorde, Y, Hering, JP, Van Rossum, S, Zonneveldt, H, Campbell, D, Hoare, S, Santa, S, Ali, M, Allen, SJ, Beavis, V, Bell, R, Choi, H-MD, Drake, M, Farrell, H, Hayes, K, Higgie, K, Holmes, K, Jenkins, N, Kim, CJ, Kim, S, Law, KC, McAllister, D, Park, K, Pedersen, K, Pfeifer, L, Pozaroszczyk, A, Salmond, T, Steynor, M, Tan, M, Short, T, Waymouth, E, Ab Rahman, AS, Armstrong, J, Dudson, R, Nilakant, J, Richard, S, Virdi, P, Dixon, L, Donohue, R, Farrow, M, Kennedy, R, Marissa, H, McKellow, M, Nicola, D, Pascoe, R, Roberts, SJ, Rowell, G, Sumner, M, Templer, P, Chandrasekharan, S, Fulton, G, Jammer, I, More, R, Wilson, L, Chang, YH, Foley, J, Fowler, C, Panckhurst, J, Sara, R, Stapelberg, F, Cherrett, V, Ganter, DL, McCann, L, Gilmour, F, Lumsden, R, Moores, M, Olliff, S, Sardareva, E, Tai, J, Wikner, M, Wong, C, Chaddock, M, Czepanski, C, McKendry, P, Polakovic, D, Polakovich, D, Robert, A, Belda, MT, Norton, T, Alherz, F, Barneto, L, Ramirez, A, Sayeed, A, Smith, N, Bennett, C, McQuoid, S, Jansen, T-L, Nico, Z, Scott, J, Freschini, D, Freschini, A, Hopkins, B, Manson, L, Stoltz, D, Bates, A, Davis, S, Freeman, V, McGaughran, L, Williams, M, Sharma, SB, Burrows, T, Byrne, K, English, D, Johnson, R, Manikkam, B, Naidoo, S, Rumball, M, Whittle, N, Franks, R, Gibson-Lapsley, H, Salter, R, Walsh, D, Cooper, R, Perry, K, Obobolo, A, Sule, UM, Ahmad, A, Atiku, M, Mohammed, AD, Sarki, AM, Adekola, O, Akanmu, O, Durodola, A, Olukoju, O, Raji, V, Olajumokex, T, Oyebamiji, E, Adenekan, A, Adetoye, A, Faponle, F, Olateju, S, Owojuyigbe, A, Talabi, A, Adenike, O, Adewale, B, Collins, N, Ezekiel, E, Fatungase, OM, Grace, A, Sola, S, Stella, O, Ademola, A, Adeolu, AA, Adigun, T, Akinwale, M, Fasina, O, Gbolahan, O, Idowu, O, Olonisakin, RP, Osinaike, BB, Asudo, F, Mshelia, D, Abdur-Rahman, L, Agodirin, O, Bello, J, Bolaji, B, Oyedepo, OO, Ezike, H, Iloabachie, I, Okonkwo, I, Onuora, E, Onyeka, T, Ugwu, I, Umeh, F, Alagbe-Briggs, O, Dodiyi-Manuel, A, Echem, R, Obasuyi, B, Onajin-Obembe, B, Bandeira, ME, Tome, M, Martins Costa, ACM, Krystopchuk, A, Branco, T, Esteves, S, Melo, MA, Monte, J, Rua, F, Martins, I, Pinho-Oliveira, VM, Rodrigues, CM, Cabral, R, Marques, S, Rego, S, Teixeira Jesus, JS, Marques, MC, Romao, C, Dias, S, Santos, AM, Alves, MJ, Salta, C, Cruz, S, Duarte, C, Furtado Paiva, AA, Cabral, TDN, Faria e Maia, D, Correia da Silva, RFM, Langner, A, Resendes, HO, Soares, MDC, Abrunhosa, A, Faria, F, Miranda, L, Pereira, H, Serra, S, Ionescu, D, Margarit, S, Mitre, C, Vasian, H, Manga, G, Stefan, A, Tomescu, D, Filipescu, D, Paunescu, M-A, Stefan, M, Stoica, R, Gavril, L, Patrascanu, E, Ristescu, I, Rusu, D, Diaconescu, C, Iosep, GF, Pulbere, D, Ursu, I, Balanescu, A, Grintescu, I, Mirea, L, Rentea, I, Vartic, M, Lupu, M-N, Stanescu, D, Streanga, L, Antal, O, Hagau, N, Patras, D, Petrisor, C, Tosa, F, Tranca, S, Copotoiu, SM, Ungureanu, LL, Harsan, CR, Papurica, M, Cernea, DD, Dragoescu, NA, Aflori, L, 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Amabra, Echem, Richard, Obasuyi, Bright, Onajin-Obembe, Bisola, Bandeira, Maria Expedito, Martins, Alda, Tomã©, Miguel, Costa, Ana Cristina Miranda Martin, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Branco, Teresa, Esteves, Simao, Melo, Marco António, Monte, Jãºlia, Rua, Fernando, Martins, Isabel, Pinho-Oliveira, VÃtor Miguel, Rodrigues, Carla Maria, Cabral, Raquel, Marques, Sofia, Rãªgo, Sara, Jesus, Joana Sofia Teixeira, Marques, Maria Conceição, Romao, Cristina, Dias, Sandra, Santos, Ana Margarida, Alves, Maria Joao, Salta, Cristina, Cruz, Salome, Duarte, Cã©lia, Paiva, António Armando Furtado, Do Nascimento Cabral, Tiago, Faria Maia, Dionisio, Correia Da Silva, Rui Freitas Mendonça, Langner, Anuschka, Resendes, Hernâni Oliveira, Da Conceição Soares, Maria, Abrunhosa, Alexandra, Faria, Filomena, Miranda, Lina, Pereira, Helena, Serra, Sofia, Ionescu, Daniela, Margarit, Simona, Mitre, Calin, Vasian, Horatiu, Manga, Gratiela, Stefan, Andreea, Tomescu, Dana, Filipescu, Daniela, Paunescu, Marilena-Alina, Stefan, Mihai, Stoica, Radu, Gavril, Laura, Pç trç å canu, Emilia, Ristescu, Irina, Rusu, Daniel, Diaconescu, Ciresica, Iosep, Gabriel Florin, Pulbere, Dorin, Ursu, Irina, Balanescu, Andreea, Grintescu, Ioana, Mirea, Liliana, Rentea, Irina, Vartic, Mihaela, Lupu, Mary-Nicoleta, Stanescu, Dorin, Streanga, Lavinea, Antal, Oana, Hagau, Natalia, Patras, Dumitru, Petrisor, Cristina, Tosa, Flaviu, Tranca, Sebastian, Copotoiu, Sanda Maria, Ungureanu, Liviu Lucian, Harsan, Cristian Remu, Papurica, Mariu, Cernea, Daniela Denisa, Dragoescu, Nicoleta Alice, Aflori, Laura, Vaida, Carmen, Ciobotaru, Oana Roxana, Aignatoaie, Mariana, Carp, Cristina Paula, Cobzaru, Isabelle, Mardare, Oana, Purcarin, Bianca, Tutunaru, Valentin, Ionita, Victor, Arustei, Mirela, Codita, Anisoara, Busuioc, Mihai, Chilinciuc, Ion, Ciobanu, Cristina, Belciu, Ioana, Tincu, Eugen, Blaj, Mihaela, Grosu, Ramona-Mihaela, Sandu, Gigel, Bruma, Dana, Corneci, Dan, Dutu, Madalina, Krepil, Adriana, Copaciu, Elena, Dumitrascu, Clementina Oana, Jemna, Ramona, Mihaescu, Florentina, Petre, Raluca, Tudor, Cristina, Ursache, Elena, Kulikov, Alexander, Lubnin, Andrey, Grigoryev, Evgeny, Pugachev, Stanislav, Protsenko, Deni, Tolmasov, Alexander, Hussain, Ayyaz, Ilyina, Yana, Kirov, Mikhail, Roshchina, Anna, Iurin, Aleksandr, Chazova, Elena, Dunay, Artem, Karelov, Alexey, Khvedelidze, Irina, Voldaeva, Olga, Belskiy, Vladislav, Dzhamullaev, Parvin, Grishkowez, Elena, Kretov, Vladimir, Levin, Valeriy, Molkov, Aleksandr, Puzanov, Sergey, Samoilenko, Aleksandr, Tchekulaev, Aleksandr, Tulupova, Valentina, Utkin, Ivan, Allorto, Nikki Leigh, Bishop, David Gray, Builu, Pierre Monji, Cairns, Carel, Dasrath, Ashish, De Wet, Jacque, Den Hoedt, Marielle, Grey, Ben, Hayes, Morgan Philip, Kã¼sel, Belinda Senta, Shangase, Nomcebo, Wise, Robert, Cacala, Sharon, Farina, Zane, Govindasamy, Vishendran, Kruse, Carl-Heinz, Lee, Carolyn, Marais, Leonard, Naidoo, Thinagrin Dhasarthun, Rajah, Chantal, Rodseth, Reitze Nil, Ryan, Lisa, Von Rhaden, Richard, Adam, Suwayba, Alphonsus, Christella, Ameer, Yusuf, Anderson, Frank, Basanth, Sujith, Bechan, Sudha, Bhula, Chettan, Biccard, Bruce M., Biyase, Thuli, Buccimazza, Ine, Cardosa, Jorge, Chen, Jame, Daya, Bhavika, Drummond, Leanne, Elabib, Ali, Goad, Ehab Helmy Abdel, Goga, Ismail E., Goga, Riaz, Harrichandparsad, R., Hodgson, Richard E., Jordaan, J., Kalafatis, Nicky, Kampik, Christian, Landers, A. T., Loots, Emil, Madansein, Rajhmum, Madaree, Anil, Madiba, Thandinkosi E., Manzini, Vukani T., Mbuyisa, Mbali, Moodley, Rajan, Msomi, Mduduzi, Mukama, Innocent, Naidoo, Desigan, Naidoo, Rubeshan, Naidu, Tesuven K., Ntloko, Sindiswa, Padayachee, Eneshia, Padayachee, Lucelle, Phaff, Martijn, Pillay, Bala, Pillay, Desigan, Pillay, Lutchmee, Ramnarain, Anupa, Ramphal, Suren R., Ryan, Paul, Saloojee, Ahmed, Sebitloane, Motshedisi, Sigcu, Noluyolo, Taylor, Jenna L., Torborg, Alexandra, Visser, Linda, Anderson, Philip, Conradie, Alae, De Swardt, Mathew, De Villiers, Martin, Eikman, Johan, Liebenberg, Riaan, Mouton, Johan, Paton, Abbey, Van Der Merwe, Louwrence, Wilscott-Davids, Candice, Barrett, Wendy Joan, Bester, Marlet, De Beer, Johan, Geldenhuys, Jacque, Gouws, Hanni, Potgieter, Jan-Hendrik, Strydom, Magdel, Wilberforceturton, Edwin, Chetty, Rubendraj R., Chirkut, Subash, Cronje, Larissa, De Vasconcellos, Kim, Dube, Nokukhanya Z., Gama, N. Sibusiso, Green, Garyth M., Green-Thompson, Randolph, Kinoo, Suman Mewa, Kistnasami, Prenolin, Maharaj, Kapil, Moodley, Manogaran S., Mothae, Sibongile J., Naidoo, Ruvashni, Noorbhai, M. Aslam F., Rughubar, Vivesh, Reddy, Jenendhiran, Singh, Avesh, Skinner, David L., Smith, Murray J., Singh, Bhagwan, Misra, Ravi, Naidoo, Maheshwar, Ramdharee, Pireshin, Selibea, Yvonne, Sewpersad, Selina, Sham, Shailendra, Wessels, Joseph D., Africander, Cucu, Bejia, Tarek, Blakemore, Stephen P., Botes, Marisa, Bunwarie, Bimalshakth, Hernandez, Carlos B., Jeeraz, Mohammud A., Legutko, Dagmara A., Lopez, Acela G., De Meyer, Jenine N., Muzenda, Tanaka, Naidoo, Noel, Patel, Maryam, Pentela, Rao, Junge, Marina, Mansoor, Naj, Rademan, Lana, Scislowski, Pawel, Seedat, Ismail, Van Den Berg, Bianca, Van Der Merwe, Doreen, Van Wyk, Steyn, Govender, Komalan, Naicker, Darshan, Ramjee, Rajesh, Saley, Mueen, Kuhn, Warren Paul, Matos-Puig, Roel, Moolla, Zaheer, Lisi, Alberto, Perez, Gisela, Beltran, Anna Valle, Lozano, Angel, Navarro, Carlos Delgado, Duca, Alejandro, Ernesto, Ernesto Pastor Martinez, Ferrando, Carlo, Fuentes, Isabel, GarcÃa-Pérez, Maria Luisa, Gracia, Estefania, Palomares, Ana Izquierdo, Katime, Antonio, Miã±ana, Amanda, Incertis, Raul Raul, Romero, Esther, Garcia, Carolina Soledad Romero, Rubio, Concepcion, Artiles, Tania Socorro, Soro, Marina, Valls, Paola, Laguarda, Gisela Alaman, Benavent, Pau, Cuenca, Vicente Chisbert, Cueva, Andreu, Lafuente, Matilde, Parra, Asuncion Marque, Rodrigo, Alejandra Romero, Sanchez-Morcillo, Silvia, Tormo, Sergi, Redondo, Francisco Javier, De Andres, Jose, Diago, Lorena Gómez, Cã¡diz, Maria José Hernández, Manuel, Granell Gil, Peris, Raquel, Saiz, Cristina, Tatay, Jose, Soto, Maria Teresa Tebar, Brunete, Tamara, Cancho, David, Garcãa, David R. 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Luz, Alonso, Eduardo, Anillo, Victor, Maseda, Emilio, Salgado, Patricia, Suarez, Lui, Suarez-De-La-Rica, Alejandro, Villagrã¡n, MarÃa José, Aldecoa, Cesar, Alonso, José Ignacio, Cabezuelo, Estefania, Garcia-Saiz, Irene, Del Moral, Olga Lopez, Martãn, Silvia, Gonzalez, Alba Perez, Doncel, Ma Sherezade Tovar, Vera, Martin Agüero, Sanchez, Francisco José à vila, Castaã±o, Beatriz, Moreira, Beatriz Castaño, Risco, Sahely Flore, Martãn, Daniel Paz, Martãn, Fernando Pérez, Poza, Paloma, Ruiz, Adela, Martãnez, Wilson Fabio Serna, Vicente, Bárbara Vázquez, Dominguez, Saul Velaz, Fernã¡ndez, Salvador, Munoz-López, Alfonso, Bernat, Maria Jose, Mas, Arantxa, Planas, Kenneth, Jawad, Monir, Saeed, Yousif, Hedin, Annika, Levander, Helena, Chew, Michelle, Holmstrã¶m, Sandra, Lonn, David, Zoerner, Frank, à kring, Irene, Widmark, Carl, Zettergren, Jan, Liljequist, Victor Aspelund, Nystrom, Lena, Odeberg-Wernerman, Suzanne, Oldner, Ander, Fagerlund, Malin Jonsson, Reje, Patrik, Lyckner, Sara, Sperber, Jesper, Adolfsson, Anne, Klarin, Bengt, à gren, Katrin, Barras, Jean-Pierre, Bã¼hrer, Thoma, Despotidis, Vasileio, Helmy, Naeder, Holliger, Stephan, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Schmid, Roger, Meyer, Antoine, Jaquet, Yve, Kessler, Ulf, Muradbegovic, Mirza, Nahum, Solange R., Rotunno, Teresa, Schiltz, Bori, Voruz, Franã§oi, Worreth, Marc, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Popeskou, Sotirios Georgio, Furrer, Marku, Prevost, Gian Andrea, Stocker, Andrea, Lang, Klau, Breitenstein, Stefan, Ganter, Michael T., Geisen, Martin, Soll, Christopher, Korkmaz, Michelle, Lubach, Iri, Schmitz, Michael, Zu Schwabedissen, Moritz Meyer, Zu Schwabedissen Moritz, Meyer, Zingg, Ur, Hillermann, Thoma, Wildi, Stefan, Hofer, Christoph, Pinto, Bernardo Bollen, Walder, Bernhard, Hã¼bner, Martin, Mariotti, Giustina, Slankamenac, Ksenija, Namuyuga, Mirioce, Kyomugisha, Edward, Kituuka, Olivia, Shikanda, Anne Wesonga, Kakembo, Nasser, Tom, Charles Otim, Antonina, Webombesa, Bua, Emmanuel, Ditai, Jame, Ssettabi, Eden Michael, Epodoi, Joseph, Kabagenyi, Fiona, Kirya, Fred, Dempsey, Ged, Seasman, Colette, Khan, Raja Basit Nawaz, Kurasz, Claire, Macgregor, Mark, Shawki, Burhan, Francis, Daren, Hariharan, Vimal, Chau, Simon, Ellis, Kate, Butt, Georgina, Chicken, Dennis-Wayne, Christmas, Natasha, Allen, Samantha, Daniel, Gayatri Daniel, Dempster, Angie, Kemp, Juliette, Matthews, Lewi, Mcglone, Philip, Tambellini, Joanne, Trodd, Dawn, Freitas, Katie, Garg, Atul, Gupta, Janesh Kumar, Karpate, Shilpaja, Kulkarni, Aditi, O'Hara, Chloe, Troko, Jtroko, Angus, Kirsty, Bradley, Jacqueline, Brennan, Emma, Brooks, Carolyn, Brown, Janette, Brown, Gemma, Finch, Amanda, Gratrix, Karen, Hesketh, Sue, Hill, Gillian, Jeffs, Carol, Morgan, Maureen, Pemberton, Chri, Slawson, Nicola, Spickett, Helen, Swarbrick, Gemma, Thomas, Megan, Van Duyvenvoorde, Greta, Brennan, Andrew, Briscoe, Richard, Cooper, Sarah, Lawton, Tom, Northey, Martin, Senaratne, Rashmi, Stanworth, Helen, Burrows, Lorna, Cain, Helen, Craven, Rachael, Davies, Keith, Jonas, Attila, Pachucki, Marcin, Walkden, Graham, Davies, Helen, Gudaca, Mariethel, Hobrok, Maria, Arawwawala, Dilshan, Fergey, Lauren, Gardiner, Matthew, Gunn, Jacqueline, Johnson, Lyndsay, Lofting, Amanda, Lyle, Amanda, Mcneela, Fiona, Smolen, Susan, Topliffe, Joanne, Williams, Sarah, Bland, Martin, Balaji, Packianathaswamy, Kaura, Vika, Lanka, Prasad, Naylor, Charde, Smith, Neil, Ahmed, Ahmed, Myatt, John, Shenoy, Ravikiran, Soon, Wai Cheong, Tan, Jessica, Karadia, Sunny, Durant, Emma, Tripathi, Shiva, Bullock, Clare, Campbell, Debbie, Ghosh, Alison, Hughes, Thoma, Zsisku, Lajo, Bengeri, Sheshagiri, Cowton, Amanda, Khalid, Mohammed Shazad, Limb, Jame, Mcadam, Colin, Porritt, Mandy, Rafi, M. 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Denham, Samuel, Griffiths, Ewen, Peter, Ip, Jeyanthan, Somasundaram, Joory, Kavita, Kaur, Satwant, Marriott, Paul, Mitchell, Natalie, Nagaiah, Sukumar, Nilsson, Annette, Parekh, Nilesh, Pope, Martin, Seager, Joseph, Serag, Hosam, Tameem, Alifia, Thomas, Anna, Thunder, Joanne, Torrance, Andrew, Vohra, Ravinder, Whitehouse, Arlo, Wong, Tony, Blunt, Mark, Wong, Kate, Giles, Julian, Reed, Isabelle, Weller, Debbie, Bell, Gillian, Birch, Julie, Damant, Rose, Maiden, Jane, Mewies, Clare, Prince, Claire, Radford, Jane, Reynolds, Tim, Balain, Birender, Banerjee, Robin, Barnett, Andrew, Burston, Ben, Davies, Kirsty, Edwards, Jayne, Evans, Chri, Ford, David, Gallacher, Pete, Hill, Simon, Jaffray, David, Karlakki, Sudheer, Kelly, Cormac, Kennedy, Julia, Kiely, Nigel, Lewthwaite, Simon, Marquis, Chri, Ockendon, Matthew, Phillips, Stephen, Pickard, Simon, Richardson, Jame, Roach, Richard, Smith, Tony, Spencer-Jones, Richard, Steele, Niall, Steen, Julie, Van Liefland, Marck, White, Steve, Faulds, Matthew, Harris, Meredyth, Kelly, Carrie, Nicol, Scott, Pearson, Sally Anne, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Andrew, Alyson, Attrill, Elizabeth, Campbell, Graham, Datson, Amanda, Fouracres, Anna, Graterol, Juan, Graves, Lynne, Hong, Bosun, Ishimaru, Alexander, Karthikeyan, Arvind, King, Helen, Lawson, Tom, Lee, Gregory, Lyons, Saoirse, Hall, Andrew Macalister, Mathoulin, Sophie, Mcintyre, Eilidh, Mclaughlin, Danny, Mulcahy, Kathleen, Paddle, Jonathan, Ratcliffe, Anna, Robbins, Jame, Sung, Weilin, Tayo, Adeoluwa, Trembath, Lisa, Venugopal, Suneetha, Walker, Robert, Wigmore, Geoffrey, Boereboom, Catherine, Downes, Charlotte, Humphries, Ryan, Melbourne, Susan, Smith, Coral, Tou, Samson, Ullah, Shafa, Batchelor, Nick, Boxall, Leigh, Broomby, Rupert, Deen, Tariq, Hellewell, Alistair, Helliwell, Laurence, Hutchings, Melanie, Hutchins, David, Keenan, Samantha, Mackie, Donna, Potter, Alison, Smith, France, Stone, Lucy, Thorpe, Kevin, Wassall, Richard, Woodgate, Andrew, Baillie, Shelley, Campbell, 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Williams, Alexandra, Daniel, Hull, Gregory, Peter, Husain, Tauqeer, Kirk-Bayley, Justin, Mathers, Edward, Montague, Laura, Harper, Mark, White, Stuart, Jack, Jame, Ridley, Carrie, Avis, Joanne, Cook, Tim, Dali-Kemmery, Lola, Kerslake, Ian, Lambourne, Victoria, Pearson, Annabel, Boyd, Christine, Callaghan, Mark, Lawson, Cathy, Mccrossan, Roopa, Nesbitt, Vanessa, O'Connor, Laura, Scott, Julia, Sinclair, Rhona, Farid, Nahla, Morgese, Ciro, Bhatia, Kailash, Karmarkar, Swati, Ahmed, Jamil, Branagan, Graham, Hutton, Monica, Swain, Andrew, Brookes, Jamie, Cornell, Jonathan, Dolan, Rachael, Hulme, Jonathan, Van Vuuren, Amanda Jansen, Jowitt, Tom, Kalashetty, Gunasheela, Lloyd, Fran, Patel, Kiran, Sherwood, Nichola, Brown, Lynne, Chandler, Ben, Deighton, Kerry, Emma, Temlett, Haunch, Kirsty, Cheeseman, Michelle, Dent, Kathy, Garg, Sanjeev, Gray, Carol, Hood, Marion, Jones, Dawn, Juj, Joanne, Rao, Roshan, Walker, Tara, Al Anizi, Mashel, Cheah, Clarissa, Cheing, Yushio, Coutinho, Francisco, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, Bernard, Hove, Mazvangu Onie, Khader, Ahamed, Krishnachetty, Bobby, Rhodes, Karen, Sokhi, Jagdish, Baker, Katie-Anne, Bertram, Wendy, Looseley, Alex, Mouton, Ronelle, Hanna, George, Arnold, Glenn, Arya, Shobhit, Balfoussia, Danai, Baxter, Linden, Harris, Jame, Jones, Craig, Knaggs, Alison, Markar, Sheraz, Perera, Anisha, Scott, Alasdair, Shida, Asako, Sirha, Ravneet, Wright, Sally, Frost, Victoria, Gray, Catherine, Andrews, Emma, Arrandale, Lindsay, Barrett, Stephen, Cifra, Elna, Cooper, Mariese, Dragnea, Drago, Elna, Cifra, Maclean, Jennifer, Meier, Sonja, Milliken, Donald, Munns, Christopher, Ratanshi, Nadir, Ramessur, Suneil, Salvana, Abegail, Watson, Anthony, Hani, Ali, Campbell, Gill, Critchley, Rebecca, Endersby, Simon, Hicks, Catherine, Liddle, Alison, Pass, Marc, Ritchie, Charlotte, Thomas, Charlotte, Too, Lingxi, Welsh, Sarah, Gill, Talvinder, Johnson, Joanne, Reed, Joanne, Davis, Edward, Papadopoullos, Sam, Attwood, Clare, Biffen, Andrew, Boulton, Kerenza, Gray, Sophie, Hay, David, Mills, Sarah, Montgomery, Jane, Riddell, Rory, Simpson, Jame, Bhardwaj, Neeraj, Paul, Elaine, Uwubamwen, Nosakhare, Alexander, Maini, Arrich, Jame, Arumugam, Swarna, Blackwood, Dougla, Boggiano, Victoria, Brown, Robyn, Chan, Yik Lam, Chatterjee, Devnandan, Chhabra, Ashok, Christian, Rachel, Costelloe, Hannah, Matthewman, Madeline Coxwell, Dalton, Emma, Darko, Julia, Davari, Maria, Dave, Tejal, Deacon, Matthew, Deepak, Shantal, Edmond, Holly, Ellis, Jessica, El-Sayed, Ahmed, Eneje, Philip, English, Rose, Ewe, Renee, Foers, William, Franklin, John, Gallego, Laura, Garrett, Emily, Goldberg, Olivia, Goss, Harry, Greaves, Rosanna, Harris, Rudy, Hennings, Charle, Jones, Eleanor, Kamali, Nelson, Kokkinos, Naomi, Lewis, Cary, Lignos, Leda, Malgapo, Evaleen Victoria, Malik, Rizwana, Milne, Andrew, Mulligan, John-Patrick, Nicklin, Philippa, Palipane, Natasha, Parsons, Thoma, Piper, Rebecca, Prakash, Rohan, Ramesh, Byron, Rasip, Sarah, Reading, Jacob, Rela, Mariam, Reyes, Anna, Robert, Stephen, Rooms, Martin, Shah, Karishma, Simons, Henry, Solanki, Shalil, Spowart, Emma, Stevens, Amy, Thomas, Christopher, Waggett, Helena, Yassaee, Arrash, Kennedy, Anthony, Scott, Sara, Somanath, Sameer, Berg, Andrew, Miguel, Hernandez, Nanda, Rajesh, Tank, Ghanshyambhai, Wilson, Natalie, Wilson, Debbie, Al-Soudaine, Yassr, Baldwin, Matthew, Cornish, Julie, Davies, Zoe, Davies, Leigh, Edwards, Marc, Frewer, Natasha, Gallard, Sian, Glasbey, Jame, Harries, Rhiannon, Hopkins, Luke, Kim, Taeyang, Koompirochana, Vilavan, Lawson, Simon, Lewis, Megan, Makzal, Zaid, Scourfield, Sarah, Ahmad, Yousra, Bates, Sarah, Blackwell, Clare, Bryant, Helen, Collins, Hannah, Coulter, Suzanne, Cruickshank, Ro, Daniel, Sonya, Daubeny, Thoma, Edwards, Mark, Golder, Kim, Hawkins, Lesley, Helen, Bryant, Hinxman, Honor, Levett, Denny, Salmon, Karen, Seaward, Leanne, Skinner, Ben, Tyrell, Bryony, Wadams, Beverley, Walsgrove, Joseph, Dickson, Jane, Constantin, Kathryn, Karen, Markwell, O'Brien, Peter, O'Donohoe, Lynn, Payne, Hannah, Sundayi, Saul, Walker, Elaine, Brooke, Jenny, Cardy, Jon, Humphreys, Sally, Kessack, Laura, Kubitzek, Christiane, Kumar, Suha, Cotterill, Donna, Hodzovic, Emil, Hosdurga, Gurunath, Miles, Edward, Saunders, Glenn, Campbell, Marta, Chan, Peter, Jemmett, Kim, Raj, Ashok, Naik, Aditi, Oshowo, Ayo, Ramamoorthy, Rajarajan, Shah, Nimesh, Sylvan, Axel, Blyth, Katharine, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Freeman, David, Johnson, Emily, Philip, Lo, Martin, Terry, Plunkett, Emma, Wollaston, Julie, Allison, Joanna, Carroll, Christine, Craw, Nichola, Craw, Sarah, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Rowland-Axe, Rebecca, Spurdle, Katie, Mcdonald, Andrew, Simon, Davie, Sinha, Vivek, Smith, Thoma, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Boone, Myle, Campbell, Kathleen, Fengxin, Lu, Scannell, Joseph, Sobol, Julia, Balajonda, Naraida, Clemmons, Karen, Conde, Carlo, Elgasim, Magdi, Funk, Bonita, Hall, Roger, Hopkins, Thoma, Olaleye, Omowunmi, Omer, Omer, Pender, Michelle, Porto, Angelo, Stevens, Alice, Waweru, Peter, Yeh, Erlinda, Bodansky, Daniella, Evans, Adam, Kleopoulos, Steven, Maril, Robert, Mathney, Edward, Sanchez, Angela, Tinuoye, Elizabeth, Bateman, Brian, Eng, Kristen, Jiang, Ning, Ladha, Karim, Needleman, Joseph, Chen, Lee-Lynn, Lane, Rondall, Robinowitz, David, Ghushe, Neil, Irshad, Mariam, O'Connor, John, Patel, Samir, Myles, Paul, Hiesmayr, Michael, Fang, Xiangming, Slim, Karem, Sander, Michael, Koulenti, Despoina, Chan, Mathew, Abbas, Muntadhar, Sivasakthi, Datin, Osinaike, Tunde, Matos, Ricardo, Grigoras, Ioana, Hubner, Martyn, Other departments, The International Surgical Outcomes Study, Group, Beretta, L, Landoni, G, and Zangrillo, A
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Critical Care/utilization ,Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ,Male ,cohort studies, critical care/utilisation, operative/mortality, postoperative care/methods, postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, surgery, surgical procedures ,Global Health ,law.invention ,surgery ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Correction Notice ,cohort studies ,Anesthesiology ,030202 anesthesiology ,law ,cohort studiescritical care/utilisationoperative/mortalitypostoperative care/methodspostoperative care/statistics and numerical datasurgerysurgical procedures ,80 and over ,Hospital Mortality ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged, 80 and over ,International Surgical Outcomes Study group ,Elective Surgical Procedures/mortality ,HCC NEF ,Middle Aged ,Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ,Intensive care unit ,surgical procedure ,3. Good health ,Treatment Outcome ,Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ,operative/mortality ,Elective Surgical Procedures ,Female ,Elective Surgical Procedure ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Critical Care ,critical care/utilisation ,postoperative care/methods ,postoperative care/statistics and numerical data ,surgical procedures ,Aged ,Humans ,Length of Stay ,Poverty ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Young Adult ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,NO ,Clinical Practice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Intensive care ,Journal Article ,medicine ,postoperative care/method ,Elective surgery ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Postoperative complication ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,Surgery ,Global Health/statistics & numerical data ,Emergency medicine ,business ,cohort studie - Abstract
Background:As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. Methods:We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. Results:A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2–7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. Conclusions:Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. Study registration:ISRCTN51817007
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- 2016
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6. Flight in nature II: How animal flyers land
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Manzanera, R.A. Jiménez, primary and Smith, SH., additional
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- 2015
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7. Fracture Tolerance Analysis of the Solid Rocket Booster Servo-Actuator for the Space Shuttle
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Smith, SH, primary, Ghadiali, ND, additional, Zahoor, A, additional, and Wilson, MR, additional
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8. Hemihyperaesthesia and hyperresponsiveness resembling central pain syndrome in a dog with a forebrain oligodendroglioma
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Holland Ct, Smith Sh, JA Charles, and Cortaville Pe
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Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Internal capsule ,Thalamus ,Oligodendroglioma ,Pain ,Lesion ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Dogs ,Prosencephalon ,Somatosensory disorder ,Medicine ,Animals ,Dog Diseases ,General Veterinary ,Central pain syndrome ,Reflex, Abnormal ,business.industry ,Brain Neoplasms ,Hyperesthesia ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Syndrome ,Spinal cord ,medicine.disease ,Temporal Lobe ,Frontal Lobe ,Nociception ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Forebrain ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
A 4-year-old male Boxer was presented with neurological signs referable to a right forebrain lesion that was confirmed with computed tomography. Whilst characteristic signs of a unilateral forebrain lesion were observed, the dominant and striking finding was a right-sided hemisensory disturbance characterised by hyperaesthesia and hyperresponsiveness. Necropsy revealed a gelatinous mass confined to the right forebrain that was identified histologically as an oligodendroglioma. The lesion was centred on the internal capsule and involved ventral frontal and temporal lobes and the ventrolateral thalamus, including lateral and medial parts of the ventrocaudal nuclear region (ventrobasilar complex) of the thalamus. On clinical and neuroanatomical grounds, the case exhibited features in common with central pain syndrome in human patients with thalamic lesions. These included a somatosensory disorder of hyperaesthesia affecting an entire side of the head and body, behavioural manifestations consistent with spontaneous pain and a lesion involving the ventrobasilar complex. Of interest, the hemisensory abnormality was ipsilateral to the lesion, contrasting with central pain in humans, in which clinical signs are contralateral to analogous lesions. It is suggested that species-specific differences in spinal cord organisation of pain pathways, particularly the greater bilateral projection of nociceptive afferents to thalamic relay nuclei in carnivores, may account for this disparity. Notably, central pain is rare in human patients with brain tumours, even those affecting the thalamus, and this may also be the case in dogs.
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- 2000
9. The role of cardiac troponin T quantity and function in cardiac development and dilated cardiomyopathy
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Ahmad, F, Banerjee, SK, Lage, ML, Huang, XN, Smith, SH, Saba, S, Rager, J, Conner, DA, Janczewski, AM, Tobita, K, Tinney, JP, Moskowitz, IP, Perez-Atayde, AR, Keller, BB, Mathier, MA, Shroff, SG, Seidman, CE, Seidman, JG, Ahmad, F, Banerjee, SK, Lage, ML, Huang, XN, Smith, SH, Saba, S, Rager, J, Conner, DA, Janczewski, AM, Tobita, K, Tinney, JP, Moskowitz, IP, Perez-Atayde, AR, Keller, BB, Mathier, MA, Shroff, SG, Seidman, CE, and Seidman, JG
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Background: Hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies results from sarcomeric protein mutations, including cardiac troponin T (cTnT, TNNT2). We determined whether TNNT2 mutations cause cardiomyopathies by altering cTnT function or quantity; whether the severity of DCM is related to the ratio of mutant to wildtype cTnT; whether Ca2+ desensitization occurs in DCM; and whether absence of cTnT impairs early embryonic cardiogenesis. Methods and Findings: We ablated Tnnt2 to produce heterozygous Tnnt2+/ mice, and crossbreeding produced homozygous null Tnnt2-/-embryos. We also generated transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype (TGWT) or DCM mutant (TGK210Δ) Tnnt2. Crossbreeding produced mice lacking one allele of Tnnt2, but carrying wildtype (Tnnt2+/-/TGWT) or mutant (Tnnt2+/-/TGK210Δ) transgenes. Tnnt2+/-mice relative to wildtype had significantly reduced transcript (0.82 ± 0.06 [SD] vs. 1.00 ± 0.12 arbitrary units; p = 0.025), but not protein (1.01 ± 0.20 vs. 1.00 ± 0.13 arbitrary units; p = 0.44). Tnnt2+/-mice had normal hearts (histology, mass, left ventricular end diastolic diameter [LVEDD], fractional shortening [FS]). Moreover, whereas Tnnt2+/-/ TGK210Δ mice had severe DCM, TGK210Δ mice had only mild DCM (FS 18 ± 4 vs. 29 ± 7%; p < 0.01). The difference in severity of DCM may be attributable to a greater ratio of mutant to wildtype Tnnt2 transcript in Tnnt2+/-/TGK210Δ relative to TGK210Δ mice (2.42±0.08, p = 0.03). Tnnt2+/-/TGK210Δ muscle showed Ca2+ desensitization (pCa50 = 5.34 ± 0.08 vs. 5.58 ± 0.03 at sarcomere length 1.9 μm. p<0.01), but no difference in maximum force generation. Day 9.5 Tnnt2-/-embryos had normally looped hearts, but thin ventricular walls, large pericardial effusions, noncontractile hearts, and severely disorganized sarcomeres. Conclusions: Absence of one Tnnt2 allele leads to a mild deficit in transcript but not protein, leading to a normal cardiac phenotype. DCM results from abnormal function of a mutant protein, which is associa
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- 2008
10. Hemihyperaesthesia and hyper-responsiveness resembling central pain syndrome in a dog with a forebrain oligodendroglioma
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HOLLAND, CT, primary, CHARLES, JA, additional, SMITH, SH, additional, and CORTAVILLE, PE, additional
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- 2000
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11. Anticipatory grief and psychological adjustment to grieving in middle-aged children.
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Smith SH
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This study examines the effect of anticipatory grief on personal adjustment in middle-aged adult children following the death of their last surviving elderly parent. Data were analyzed from a study of adult children's perspectives of an elderly parent's death conducted by the Philadelphia Geriatric Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The results of this study indicate that adult children who experienced anticipatory grief were likely to report feeling better adjusted to the death of their elderly parent, yet the composite measure used to assess degree of personal adjustment indicates a negative relationship between the anticipation of death and personal adjustment following the actual loss. This finding was consistent across gender and racial and ethnic distinctions among adult children who participated in this study. The significance of this finding for grief work and its implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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12. Assessing watermilfoil invasion effects on native macrophyte communities in North American lakes using a novel approach for macrophyte sampling
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Smith Shannon, Küpper Frithjof C., Trinder Clare, and Louca Vasilis
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myriophyllum spicatum ,myriophyllum heterophyllum ,ecology ,freshwater ,invasive species ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Aquatic invasive species are among the greatest threats to freshwater biodiversity. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of two invasive watermilfoil species (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. and Myriophyllum spicatum L.) on native macrophyte communities and to assess community response to a range of invasion intensities as well as examine the influence of canopy types. We hypothesized that some communities would be more sensitive to invasion, and that some canopy species would facilitate watermilfoil presence. We used a novel approach to give better representation of the 3D aspect of the community which involved employing a modified quadrat approach to sample at two Connecticut lakes. Results show that watermilfoil invasion has a significant negative effect on native species richness. Floating canopy does not vary with invasion intensity, but submerged canopy does. One species, (Utricularia purpurea Walter), was associated with high native species richness and rarely occurred with invasive species. The results identify potential species that are disproportionally threatened by invasive species, as well as identifying invasion indicator species. The examination of canopy effects is uncommon in aquatic invasion ecology, and this study suggests that this aspect may have significant effects on resilience to invasion and overall community dynamics.
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- 2021
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13. 'Now that Mom is in the Lord's arms, I just have to live the way she taught me': reflections on an elderly, African American mother's death.
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Smith SH
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This article reports findings from an exploratory, qualitative study of African American, middle-aged daughters' responses to the death of their elderly mothers. Particular attention was given to the coping strategies described by daughters in their bereavement experience. In-depth, open-ended interviews were conducted with 30 African American women ranging in age from 39 to 68 whose elderly mothers were 65 years of age or older and widowed at the time of death. Results indicate that themes of reciprocity, family continuity and cognitive strategies framing an elderly mother's death as an important loss to familycommunity are important aspects of coping and life restructuring processes for these women. The implications of these findings for social work and future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1999
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14. Viruslike Particles Transmitted by and Detected in Spawn of the Cultivated Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus
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Smith Sh and Tavantzis Sm
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Mushroom ,Botany ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Spawn (biology) ,Agaricus bisporus - Published
- 1979
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15. A multi-centre randomised controlled trial of rehabilitation aimed at improving outdoor mobility for people after stroke: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Logan Pip A, Leighton Mat P, Walker Marion F, Armstrong Sarah, Gladman John R F, Sach Tracey H, Smith Shirley, Newell Ossie, Avery Tony, Williams Hywel, Scott James, O’Neil Kathleen, McCluskey Annie, Leach Simon, Barer David, Ritchie Claire, Turton Ailie, Bisiker Jane, Smithard David, Baird Tess, Guyler Paul, Jackson Therese, Watmough Ingrid, Webster Maggie, and Ivey Janet
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Stroke rehabilitation ,Complex intervention ,Randomised controlled trial ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Up to 42% of all stroke patients do not get out of the house as much as they would like. This can impede a person’s quality of life. This study is testing the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a new outdoor mobility rehabilitation intervention by comparing it to usual care. Methods/design This is a multi-centre parallel group individually randomised, controlled trial. At least 506 participants will be recruited through 15 primary and secondary care settings and will be eligible if they are over 18 years of age, have had a stroke and wish to get out of the house more often. Participants are being randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the control group. Intervention group participants receive up to 12 rehabilitation outdoor mobility sessions over up to four months. The main component of the intervention is repeated practice of outdoor mobility with a therapist. Control group participants are receiving the usual intervention for outdoor mobility limitations: verbal advice and provision of leaflets provided over one session. Outcome measures are being collected using postal questionnaires, travel calendars and by independent assessors. The primary outcome measure is the Social Function domain of the SF36v2 quality of life assessment six months after recruitment. The secondary outcome measures include: functional ability, mobility, the number of journeys (monthly travel diaries), satisfaction with outdoor mobility, mood, health-related quality of life, resource use of health and social care. Carer mood information is also being collected. The mean Social Function score of the SF-36v2 will be compared between treatment arms using a multiple membership form of mixed effects multiple regression analysis adjusting for centre (as a fixed effect), age and baseline Social Function score as covariates and therapist as a multiple membership random effect. Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals will be presented. Discussion This study protocol describes a pragmatic randomised controlled trial that will hopefully provide robust evidence of the benefit of outdoor mobility interventions after stroke for clinicians working in the community. The results will be available towards the end of 2012. Trial registration ISRCTN58683841
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- 2012
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16. Eccentric exercise versus Usual-care with older cancer survivors: The impact on muscle and mobility- an exploratory pilot study
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Smith Sheldon B, Dibble Lee E, Marcus Robin L, LaStayo Paul C, and Beck Susan L
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Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Abstract Background Resistance exercise programs with high compliance are needed to counter impaired muscle and mobility in older cancer survivors. To date outcomes have focused on older prostate cancer survivors, though more heterogeneous groups of older survivors are in-need. The purpose of this exploratory pilot study is to examine whether resistance exercise via negative eccentrically-induced work (RENEW) improves muscle and mobility in a diverse sample of older cancer survivors. Methods A total of 40 individuals (25 female, 15 male) with a mean age of 74 (± 6) years who have survived (8.4 ± 8 years) since their cancer diagnosis (breast, prostate, colorectal and lymphoma) were assigned to a RENEW group or a non-exercise Usual-care group. RENEW was performed for 12 weeks and measures of muscle size, strength, power and mobility were made pre and post training. Results RENEW induced increases in quadriceps lean tissue average cross sectional area (Pre: 43.2 ± 10.8 cm2; Post: 44.9 ± 10.9 cm2), knee extension peak strength (Pre: 248.3 ± 10.8 N; Post: 275.4 ± 10.9 N), leg extension muscle power (Pre: 198.2 ± 74.7 W; Post 255.5 ± 87.3 W), six minute walk distance (Pre: 417.2 ± 127.1 m; Post 466.9 ± 125.1 m) and a decrease on the time to safely descend stairs (Pre: 6.8 ± 4.5 s; Post 5.4 ± 2.5 s). A significant (P < 0.05) group x time interaction was noted for the muscle size and mobility improvements. Conclusions This exploration of RENEW in a heterogeneous cohort of older cancer survivors demonstrates increases in muscle size, strength and power along with improved mobility. The efficacy of a high-force, low perceived exertion exercise suggests RENEW may be suited to older individuals who are survivors of cancer. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00335491
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- 2011
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17. Electromyographic analysis of the three subdivisions of gluteus medius during weight-bearing exercises
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O'Sullivan Kieran, Smith Sharon M, and Sainsbury David
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Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Background Gluteus medius (GM) dysfunction is associated with many musculoskeletal disorders. Rehabilitation exercises aimed at strengthening GM appear to improve lower limb kinematics and reduce pain. However, there is a lack of evidence to identify which exercises best activate GM. In particular, as GM consists of three distinct subdivisions, it is unclear if GM activation is consistent across these subdivisions during exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the activation of the anterior, middle and posterior subdivisions of GM during weight-bearing exercises. Methods A single session, repeated-measures design. The activity of each GM subdivision was measured in 15 pain-free subjects using surface electromyography (sEMG) during three weight-bearing exercises; wall squat (WS), pelvic drop (PD) and wall press (WP). Muscle activity was expressed relative to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Differences in muscle activation were determined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni analysis. Results The activation of each GM subdivision during the exercises was significantly different (interaction effect; p < 0.001). There were also significant main effects for muscle subdivision (p < 0.001) and for exercise (p < 0.001). The exercises were progressively more demanding from WS to PD to WP. The exercises caused significantly greater activation of the middle and posterior subdivisions than the anterior subdivision, with the WP significantly increasing the activation of the posterior subdivision (all p < 0.05). Discussion Posterior GM displayed higher activation across all three exercises than both anterior and middle GM. The WP produced the highest %MVIC activation for all GM subdivisions, and this was most pronounced for posterior GM. Clinicians may use these results to effectively progress strengthening exercises for GM in the rehabilitation of lower extremity injuries.
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- 2010
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18. Randomised controlled trial of thermostatic mixer valves in reducing bath hot tap water temperature in families with young children in social housing: A protocol
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Phillips Ceri, O'Donnell George, Murphy Robert, McCabe Debbie, Hopkins Nick, Hayes Michael, Coupland Carol, Stewart Jane, Kendrick Denise, Radford David, Ryan Jackie, Smith Sherie, Groom Lindsay, and Towner Elizabeth
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Each year in the UK 2000 children attend emergency departments and 500 are admitted to hospital following a bath water scald. The long term effects can include disability, disfigurement or psychological harm and repeated skin grafts may be required as the child grows. The costs of treating a severe scald are estimated at 250,000 GBP. Children living in the most deprived wards are at greatest risk of thermal injuries; hospital admission rates are three times that for children living in the least deprived wards. Domestic hot water, which is usually stored at around 60 degrees Celsius, can result in a second-degree burn after 3 seconds and a third-degree burn after 5 seconds. Educational strategies to encourage testing of tap water temperature and reduction of hot water thermostat settings have largely proved unsuccessful. Legislation in the USA mandating pre-setting hot water heater thermostats at 49 degrees Celsius was effective in reducing scald injuries, suggesting passive measures may have a greater impact. Thermostatic mixer valves (TMVs), recently developed for the domestic market, fitted across the hot and cold water supply pipes of the bath, allow delivery of water set at a fixed temperature from the hot bath tap. These valves therefore offer the potential to reduce scald injuries. Design/Methods A pragmatic, randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of TMVs in reducing bath hot tap water temperatures in the homes of families with young children in rented social housing. Two parallel arms include an intervention group and a control group where the intervention will be deferred. The intervention will consist of fitting a TMV (set at 44 degrees Celsius) by a qualified plumber and provision of educational materials. The control arm will not receive a TMV or the educational materials for the study duration but will be offered the intervention after collection of follow-up data 12 months post randomisation. The primary outcome measure will be the bath hot tap water temperature. Fifteen families per arm are required to detect a reduction in the mean bath hot tap water temperature from 60.4 degrees Celsius (SD 9.1) in the control group to 46 degrees Celsius in the intervention group, with 90% power and a 5% significance level (2 sided). Secondary outcome measures including acceptability will require a sample size of 120 participants. Discussion Whilst TMVs have the potential to reduce scald injuries, to date there have been no randomised controlled trials assessing their effectiveness, acceptability and cost effectiveness. Trial Registration ISRCTN21179067
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- 2008
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19. Simultaneous integrated boost of biopsy proven, MRI defined dominant intra-prostatic lesions to 95 Gray with IMRT: early results of a phase I NCI study
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Xu Sheng, Choyke Peter L, Fichtinger Gabor, Albert Paul S, Smith Sharon, Ullman Karen, Sears-Crouse Nancy, Guion Peter, Singh Anurag K, Kruecker Jochen, Wood Bradford J, Krieger Axel, and Ning Holly
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Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background To assess the feasibility and early toxicity of selective, IMRT-based dose escalation (simultaneous integrated boost) to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI. Methods Patients with localized prostate cancer and an abnormality within the prostate on endorectal coil MRI were eligible. All patients underwent a MRI-guided transrectal biopsy at the location of the MRI abnormality. Gold fiducial markers were also placed. Several days later patients underwent another MRI scan for fusion with the treatment planning CT scan. This fused MRI scan was used to delineate the region of the biopsy proven intra-prostatic lesion. A 3 mm expansion was performed on the intra-prostatic lesions, defined as a separate volume within the prostate. The lesion + 3 mm and the remainder of the prostate + 7 mm received 94.5/75.6 Gray (Gy) respectively in 42 fractions. Daily seed position was verified to be within 3 mm. Results Three patients were treated. Follow-up was 18, 6, and 3 months respectively. Two patients had a single intra-prostatic lesion. One patient had 2 intra-prostatic lesions. All four intra-prostatic lesions, with margin, were successfully targeted and treated to 94.5 Gy. Two patients experienced acute RTOG grade 2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity. One had grade 1 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. All symptoms completely resolved by 3 months. One patient had no acute toxicity. Conclusion These early results demonstrate the feasibility of using IMRT for simultaneous integrated boost to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI. The treatment was well tolerated.
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- 2007
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20. Oral Pirfenidone in patients with chronic fibrosis resulting from radiotherapy: a pilot study
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Mitchell James B, Altemus Rosemary M, Smith Sharon, Augustine Elizabeth, Gerber Lynn, Soule Benjamin P, Simone Nicole L, and Camphausen Kevin A
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Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Fibrosis is a common side effect after treatment with ionizing radiation. Several methods to ameliorate debilitating fibrosis have been employed but without consistent results. The goal of this pilot study is to determine if Pirfenidone, a novel regulator of cytokine gene expression, has the potential to ameliorate established radiation-induced fibrosis. Methods Open label, prospective pilot study of 800 mg three times/day, orally administered Pirfenidone was administered to enrolled patients who were had completed radiation therapy and who had established radiation-induced fibrosis. Range of motion (ROM) was assessed using standard measures, and subjective measures of pain, fatigue, disability and global health were measured every three months. Results Seven patients were enrolled of whom 3 had ROM assessments of 1 site and 2 had ROM assessments of 2 sites. Of these assessments, 6 revealed increased ROM during drug intervention while 1 revealed a decreased ROM. There was an overall improvement in the mental composite score of the SF36 while physical composite score was decreased and the vitality score was unchanged. Two patients were removed from the study because of syncopal episodes. Conclusion Several patients experienced improved function of at least 25% and reported subjective improvement. Pirfenidone may benefit patients with radiation-induced fibrosis and is worthy of a larger well controlled trial.
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- 2007
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21. Early observed transient prostate-specific antigen elevations on a pilot study of external beam radiation therapy and fractionated MRI guided High Dose Rate brachytherapy boost
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Stall Bronwyn R, Godette Denise J, Crouse Nancy, Smith Sharon, Ullman Karen, Miller Robert W, Ning Holly, Citrin Deborah E, Susil Robert C, Guion Peter, Singh Anurag K, Coleman C Norman, Camphausen Kevin, and Ménard Cynthia
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Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose To report early observation of transient PSA elevations on this pilot study of external beam radiation therapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost. Materials and methods Eleven patients with intermediate-risk and high-risk localized prostate cancer received MRI guided HDR brachytherapy (10.5 Gy each fraction) before and after a course of external beam radiotherapy (46 Gy). Two patients continued on hormones during follow-up and were censored for this analysis. Four patients discontinued hormone therapy after RT. Five patients did not receive hormones. PSA bounce is defined as a rise in PSA values with a subsequent fall below the nadir value or to below 20% of the maximum PSA level. Six previously published definitions of biochemical failure to distinguish true failure from were tested: definition 1, rise >0.2 ng/mL; definition 2, rise >0.4 ng/mL; definition 3, rise >35% of previous value; definition 4, ASTRO defined guidelines, definition 5 nadir + 2 ng/ml, and definition 6, nadir + 3 ng/ml. Results Median follow-up was 24 months (range 18–36 mo). During follow-up, the incidence of transient PSA elevation was: 55% for definition 1, 44% for definition 2, 55% for definition 3, 33% for definition 4, 11% for definition 5, and 11% for definition 6. Conclusion We observed a substantial incidence of transient elevations in PSA following combined external beam radiation and HDR brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Such elevations seem to be self-limited and should not trigger initiation of salvage therapies. No definition of failure was completely predictive.
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- 2006
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22. Reviews. The black experience.
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Smith SH
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- 2009
23. Patricia Justice 1945-2009.
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Smith SH
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- 2009
24. The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery
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T.E.F. Abbott, T. Ahmad, M.K. Phull, A.J. Fowler, R. Hewson, B.M. Biccard, M.S. Chew, M. Gillies, R.M. Pearse, Rupert M. Pearse, Scott Beattie, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Nicolas Demartines, Lee A. Fleisher, Mike Grocott, James Haddow, Andreas Hoeft, Peter Holt, Rui Moreno, Naomi Pritchard, Andrew Rhodes, Duminda Wijeysundera, Matt Wilson, Tahania Ahmed, Kirsty Everingham, Russell Hewson, Marta Januszewska, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, Richard Halliwell, Mark Shulman, Paul Myles, Werner Schmid, Michael Hiesmayr, Patrick Wouters, Stefan de Hert, Suzana Lobo, Xiangming Fang, Lars Rasmussen, Emmanuel Futier, Matthieu Biais, Aurélien Venara, Karem Slim, Michael Sander, Despoina Koulenti, Kostoula Arvaniti, Mathew Chan, Atul Kulkarni, Susilo Chandra, Aida Tantri, Emad Geddoa, Muntadhar Abbas, Giorgio Della Rocca, Datin Sivasakthi, Marzida Mansor, Pastor Luna, Arthur Bouwman, Wolfgang Buhre, Vanessa Beavis, Douglas Campbell, Tim Short, Tunde Osinaike, Ricardo Matos, Ioana Grigoras, Mikhail Kirov, Denis Protsenko, Bruce Biccard, Cesar Aldecoa, Michelle Chew, Christoph Hofer, Martin Hubner, James Ditai, Tamas Szakmany, Lee Fleisher, Marissa Ferguson, Michael MacMahon, Ritchie Cherian, Helen Currow, Kathirgamanathan Kanathiban, David Gillespie, Edward Pathmanathan, Katherine Phillips, Jenifer Reynolds, Joanne Rowley, Jeanene Douglas, Ross Kerridge, Sameer Garg, Michael Bennett, Megha Jain, David Alcock, Nico Terblanche, Rochelle Cotter, Kate Leslie, Marcelle Stewart, Nicolette Zingerle, Antony Clyde, Oliver Hambidge, Adam Rehak, Sharon Cotterell, Wilson Binh Quan Huynh, Timothy McCulloch, Erez Ben-Menachem, Thomas Egan, Jennifer Cope, Paul Fellinger, Markus Haisjackl, Simone Haselberger, Caroline Holaubek, Paul Lichtenegger, Florian Scherz, Franz Hoffer, Veronika Cakova, Andreas Eichwalder, Norbert Fischbach, Reinhold Klug, Elisabeth Schneider, Martin Vesely, Reinhart Wickenhauser, Karl Gernot Grubmueller, Marion Leitgeb, Friedrich Lang, Nancy Toro, Marlene Bauer, Friedrich Laengle, Claudia Haberl, Thomas Mayrhofer, Christoph Trybus, Christian Buerkle, Karin Forstner, Reinhard Germann, Harald Rinoesl, Elke Schindler, Ernst Trampitsch, Gerhard Bogner, Daniel Dankl, Martin Duenser, Gerhard Fritsch, Ilse Gradwohl-Matis, Andreas Hartmann, Thomas Hoelzenbein, Tarkan Jaeger, Franz Landauer, Gregor Lindl, Michael Lux, Johannes Steindl, Ottokar Stundner, Christian Szabo, Jawad Bidgoli, Hans Verdoodt, Patrice Forget, David Kahn, Fernande Lois, Mona Momeni, Caroline Prégardien, Audrey Pospiech, Arnaud Steyaert, Laurent Veevaete, Dirk De Kegel, Karen De Jongh, Luc Foubert, Carine Smitz, Marcel Vercauteren, Jan Poelaert, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Jacques Abeloos, Stefaan Bouchez, Marc Coppens, Luc De Baerdemaeker, Isabel Deblaere, Ann De Bruyne, Kristine Fonck, Bjorn Heyse, Tom Jacobs, Koen Lapage, Anneliese Moerman, Martine Neckebroek, Aliaksandra Parashchanka, Nathalie Roels, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Michael Vandenheuvel, JurgenVan Limmen, Ann Vanluchene, Caroline Vanpeteghem, Piet Wyffels, Christel Huygens, Punitha Vandenbempt, Marc Van de Velde, Dimitri Dylst, Bruno Janssen, Evelien Schreurs, Fábia Berganton Aleixo, Keulle Candido, Hugo Dias Batista, Mario Guimarães, Jaqueline Guizeline, João Hoffmann, Francisco Ricardo Marques Lobo, Vinícius Nascimento, Katia Nishiyama, Lucas Pazetto, Daniela Souza, Rodrigo Souza Rodrigues, Ana Maria Vilela dos Santos, Jaquelline Jardim, Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson, Joao Silva, Paulo do Nascimento Junior, Thalissa Hermínia Baio, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Henri Roger Watanabe Oliveira, Cristina Prata Amendola, Gutemberg Cardoso, Daniela Ortega, Ana Flavia Brotto, Mirella Cristine De Oliveira, Álvaro Réa-Neto, Fernando Dias, Maria Eduarda Travi, Luiza Zerman, Pedro Azambuja, Marcos Freitas Knibel, Antonio Martins, William Almeida, Calim Neder Neto, Maria Angela Tardelli, Eliana Caser, Marcio Machado, Crisitiano Aguzzoli, Sérgio Baldisserotto, Fernanda Beck Tabajara, Fernanda Bettega, La Hore Correa Rodrigues Júnior, Julia de Gasperi, Lais Faina, Marcos Farias Nolasco, Bruna Ferreira da Costa Fischer, Mariana Fosch de Campos Ferreira, Cristina Hartmann, Marta Kliemann, Gustavo Luis Hubert Ribeiro, Julia Merladete Fraga, Thiago Motta Netto, Laura Valduga Pozza, Paulo Rafael Wendling, Caroline Azevedo, Juliana Garcia, Marcel Lopes, Bernardo Maia, Paula Maselli, Ralph Melo, Weslley Mendes, Matheus Neves, Jacqueline Ney, Claudio Piras, Christopher Applewhaite, Adrienne Carr, Lorraine Chow, Kaylene Duttchen, Julena Foglia, Michael Greene, Ashley Hinther, Kendra Houston, Thomas Jared McCormick, Jennifer Mikhayel, Sam Montasser, Alex Ragan, Andrew Suen, Adrianna Woolsey, Hai Chuan Yu, Duane Funk, Stephen Kowalski, Regina Legaspi, Heather McDonald, Faisal Siddiqui, Jeremy Pridham, Bernadette Rowe, Sonia Sampson, Barton Thiessen, Geoff Zbitnew, Andre Bernard, Ronald George, Philip Jones, Rita Moor, Naveed Siddiqui, Alexandra Wolfer, Diem Tran, Denyse Winch, Gary Dobson, Thomas McCormick, Osama Montasser, Richard Hall, Leyla Baghirzada, Gerard Curley, Si Yuan Dai, Gregory Hare, Esther Lee, Uma Shastri, Albert Tsui, Anmol Yagnik, Danielle Alvares, Stephen Choi, Heather Dwyer, Kathrina Flores, Colin McCartney, Priya Somascanthan, Jo Carroll, Janneth Pazmino-Canizares, Noam Ami, Vincent Chan, Anahi Perlas, Ruth Argue, Yang Huang, Katie Lavis, Kelly Mayson, Ying Cao, Hong Gao, Tingju Hu, Jie Lv, Jian Yang, Yang Yang, Yi Zhong, Jing Zhou, Xiaohua Zou, Miao He, Xiaoying Li, Dihuan Luo, Haiying Wang, Tian Yu, Liyong Chen, Lijun Wang, Yunfei Cai, Zhongming Cao, Yanling Li, Jiaxin Lian, Haiyun Sun, Sheng Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Kenru Wang, Yi Zhu, Xindan Du, Hao Fan, Yunbin Fu, Lixia Huang, Yanming Huang, Haifang Hwan, Hong Luo, Pi-Sheng Qu, Fan Tao, Zhen Wang, Guoxiang Wang, Shun Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang, Chao Chen, Weixing Wang, Zhengyuan Liu, Lihua Fan, Jing Tang, Yijun Chen, Yongjie Chen, Yangyang Han, Changshun Huang, Guojin Liang, Jing Shen, Jun Wang, Qiuhong Yang, Jungang Zhen, Haidong Zhou, Junping Chen, Zhang Chen, Xiaoyu Li, Bo Meng, Haiwang Ye, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanbing Bi, Jianqiao Cao, Fengying Guo, Hong Lin, Yang Liu, Meng Lv, Pengcai Shi, Xiumei Song, Chuanyu Sun, Yongtao Sun, Yuelan Wang, Shenhui Wang, Min Zhang, Rong Chen, Jiabao Hou, Yan Leng, Qing-tao Meng, Li Qian, Zi-ying Shen, Zhong-yuan Xia, Rui Xue, Yuan Zhang, Bo Zhao, Xian-jin Zhou, Qiang Chen, Huinan Guo, Yongqing Guo, Yuehong Qi, Zhi Wang, Jianfeng Wei, Weiwei Zhang, Lina Zheng, Qi Bao, Yaqiu Chen, Yijiao Chen, Yue Fei, Nianqiang Hu, Xuming Hu, Min Lei, Xiaoqin Li, Xiaocui Lv, Fangfang Miao, Lingling Ouyang, Lu Qian, Conyu Shen, Yu Sun, Yuting Wang, Dong Wang, Chao Wu, Liyuan Xu, Jiaqi Yuan, Lina Zhang, Huan Zhang, Yapping Zhang, Jinning Zhao, Chong Zhao, Lei Zhao, Tianzhao Zheng, Dachun Zhou, Haiyan Zhou, Ce Zhou, Kaizhi Lu, Ting Zhao, Changlin He, Hong Chen, Shasha Chen, Baoli Cheng, Jie He, Lin Jin, Caixia Li, Hui Li, Yuanming Pan, Yugang Shi, Xiao Hong Wen, Shuijing Wu, Guohao Xie, Kai Zhang, Bing Zhao, Xianfu Lu, Feifei Chen, Qisheng Liang, Xuewu Lin, Yunzhi Ling, Gang Liu, Jing Tao, Lu Yang, Jialong Zhou, Fumei Chen, Zhonggui Cheng, Hanying Dai, Yunlin Feng, Benchao Hou, Haixia Gong, Chun hua Hu, Haijin Huang, Jian Huang, Zhangjie Jiang, Mengyuan Li, Jiamei Lin, Mei Liu, Weicheng Liu, Zhen Liu, Zhiyi Liu, Foquan Luo, Longxian Ma, Jia Min, Xiaoyun Shi, Zhiping Song, Xianwen Wan, Yingfen Xiong, Lin Xu, Shuangjia Yang, Qin Zhang, Hongyan Zhang, Huaigen Zhang, Xuekang Zhang, Lili Zhao, Weihong Zhao, Weilu Zhao, Xiaoping Zhu, Yun Bai, Linbi Chen, Sijia Chen, Qinxue Dai, Wujun Geng, Kunyuan Han, Xin He, Luping Huang, Binbin Ji, Danyun Jia, Shenhui Jin, Qianjun Li, Dongdong Liang, Shan Luo, Lulu Lwang, Yunchang Mo, Yuanyuan Pan, Xinyu Qi, Meizi Qian, Jinling Qin, Yelong Ren, Yiyi Shi, Junlu Wang, Junkai Wang, Leilei Wang, Junjie Xie, Yixiu Yan, Yurui Yao, Mingxiao Zhang, Jiashi Zhao, Xiuxiu Zhuang, Yanqiu Ai, Fang Du, Long He, Ledan Huang, Zhisong Li, Huijuan Li, Yetong Li, Liwei Li, Su Meng, Yazhuo Yuan, Enman Zhang, Jie Zhang, Shuna Zhao, Zhenrong Ji, Ling Pei, Li Wang, Chen Chen, Beibei Dong, Jing Li, Ziqiang Miao, Hongying Mu, Chao Qin, Lin Su, Zhiting Wen, Keliang Xie, Yonghao Yu, Fang Yuan, Xianwen Hu, Ye Zhang, Wangpin Xiao, Zhipeng Zhu, Qingqing Dai, Kaiwen Fu, Rong Hu, Xiaolan Hu, Song Huang, Yaqi Li, Yingping Liang, Shuchun Yu, Zheng Guo, Yan Jing, Na Tang, Jie Wu, Dajiang Yuan, Ruilin Zhang, Xiaoying Zhao, Yuhong Li, Hui-Ping Bai, Chun-Xiao Liu, Fei-Fei Liu, Wei Ren, Xiu-Li Wang, Guan-Jie Xu, Na Hu, Bo Li, Yangwen Ou, Yongzhong Tang, Shanglong Yao, Shihai Zhang, Cui-Cui Kong, Bei Liu, Tianlong Wang, Wei Xiao, Bo Lu, Yanfei Xia, Jiali Zhou, Fang Cai, Pushan Chen, Shuangfei Hu, Hongfa Wang, Qiong Xu, Liu Hu, Liang Jing, Bin Li, Qiang Liu, Yuejiang Liu, Xinjian Lu, Zhen Dan Peng, Xiaodong Qiu, Quan Ren, Youliang Tong, Jin Wang, Yazhou Wen, Qiong Wu, Jiangyan Xia, Jue Xie, Xiapei Xiong, Shixia Xu, Tianqin Yang, Hui Ye, Ning Yin, Jing Yuan, Qiuting Zeng, Baoling Zhang, Kang Zheng, Jing Cang, Shiyu Chen, Yu Fan, Shuying Fu, Xiaodong Ge, Baolei Guo, Wenhui Huang, Linghui Jiang, Xinmei Jiang, Yi Liu, Yan Pan, Yun Ren, Qi Shan, Jiaxing Wang, Fei Wang, Chi Wu, Xiaoguang Zhang, Ida Cecilie Christiansen, Simon Nørgaard Granum, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Morten Daugaard, Rajiv Gambhir, Birgitte Brandsborg, Guðný Erla Steingrímsdóttir, Peter Jensen-Gadegaard, Karsten Skovgaard Olsen, Hanna Siegel, Katrine Zwicky Eskildsen, Mona Ring Gätke, Ida Wibrandt, Simon Bisgaard Heintzelmann, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange, Rune Sarauw Lundsgaard, Louise Amstrup-Hansen, Claus Hovendal, Michael Larsen, Mette Lenstrup, Tina Kobborg, Jens Rolighed Larsen, Anette Barbre Pedersen, Søren Hübertz Smith, Rebecca Monett Oestervig, Arash Afshari, Cheme Andersen, Kim Ekelund, Erik Lilja Secher, Helene Beloeil, Sigismond Lasocki, Alexandre Ouattara, Marlene Sineus, Serge Molliex, Marie Lim Legouge, Florent Wallet, Antoine Tesniere, Christophe Gaudin, Paul Lehur, Emma Forsans, Stéphane de Rudnicki, Valerie Serra Maudet, Didier Mutter, Ghassan Sojod, Mehdi Ouaissi, Jean-Marc Regimbeau, Jacques Desbordes, Nicolas Comptaer, Diae el Manser, Sabine Ethgen, Gilles Lebuffe, Patrick Auer, Christine Härtl, Maria Deja, Kirill Legashov, Susanne Sonnemann, Carola Wiegand-Loehnert, Elke Falk, Marit Habicher, Stefan Angermair, Beatrix Laetsch, Katrin Schmidt, Christian Von Heymann, Axel Ramminger, Florian Jelschen, Svenja Pabel, Andreas Weyland, Elke Czeslick, Jochen Gille, Michael Malcharek, Armin Sablotzki, Katharina Lueke, Peter Wetzel, Joerg Weimann, Franz-Peter Lenhart, Florian Reichle, Frederike Schirmer, Michael Hüppe, Karl Klotz, Carla Nau, Julika Schön, Thomas Mencke, Christina Wasmund, Carla Bankewitz, Georg Baumgarten, Andreas Fleischer, Vera Guttenthaler, Yvonne Hack, Katharina Kirchgaessner, Olja Männer, Marlen Schurig-Urbaniak, Rafael Struck, Rebekka van Zyl, Maria Wittmann, Ulrich Goebel, Sarah Harris, Siegfried Veit, Evangelia Andreadaki, Flora Souri, Ioannis Katsiadramis, Anthi Skoufi, Maria Vasileiou, Eleni Aimoniotou- Georgiou, Anastasios Katsourakis, Fotini Veroniki, Glyceria Vlachogianni, Konstantina Petra, Dimitra Chlorou, Eirini Oloktsidou, Vasileios Ourailoglou, Konstantinos Papapostolou, Georgia Tsaousi, Panagoula Daikou, Georgia Dedemadi, Ioannis Kalaitzopoulos, Christos Loumpias, Sotirios Bristogiannis, Nikolaos Dafnios, Georgios Gkiokas, Elissaios Kontis, Dimitra Kozompoli, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Christol Bizios, Anastasia Koutsikou, Aleaxandra Moustaka, Ioannis Plaitakis, Apostolos Armaganidis, Theodora Christodoulopoulou, Mihail Lignos, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Andreas Asimakos, Eleni Ischaki, Angeliki Tsagkaraki, Spyros Zakynthinos, Eleni Antoniadou, Ioannis Koutelidakis, Dimitrios Lathyris, Irene Pozidou, Nikolaos Voloudakis, Maria Dalamagka, Gkonezou Elena, Christos Chronis, Dimitra Manolakaki, Dimitris Mosxogiannidis, Tatiana Slepova, Isaia-sissy Tsakiridou, Claire Lampiri, Anastasia Vachlioti, Christos Panagiotakis, Dimitrios Sfyras, Fotios Tsimpoukas, Athanasia Tsirogianni, Elena Axioti, Andreas Filippopoulos, Elli Kalliafa, George Kassavetis, Petros Katralis, Ioannis Komnos, Georgios Pilichos, Ifigenia Ravani, Antonis Totis, Eymorfia Apagaki, Andromachi Efthymiadi, Nikolaos Kampagiannis, Theoniki Paraforou, Agoritsa Tsioka, Georgios Georgiou, Aristeidis Vakalos, Aggeliki Bairaktari, Efthimios Charitos, George Markou, Panagiota Niforopoulou, Nikolaos Papakonstantinou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Archontoula Xifara, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Panagiota Gkioni, Stylianos Karatzas, Aikaterini Kyparissi, Efstratios Mainas, Ioannis Papapanagiotou, Theonymfi Papavasilopoulou, George Fragandreas, Eleni Georgopoulou, Eleni Katsika, Kyriakos Psarras, Eirini Synekidou, Maria Verroiotou, Evangelia Vetsiou, Donika Zaimi, Athina Anagnou, Konstantinos Apostolou, Theodora Melissopoulou, Theophilos Rozenberg, Christos Tsigris, Georgios Boutsikos, Vasileios Kalles, Nikolaos Kotsalas, Christina Lavdaiou, Fotini Paikou, Georgia-Laura Panagou, Anna Spring, Ioannis Botis, Maria Drimala, Georgios Georgakakis, Ellada Kiourtzieva, Panagiota Ntouma, Apostolos Prionas, Kyriakos Xouplidis, Eleftheria Dalampini, Chrysavgi Giannaki, Christina Iasonidou, Orestis Ioannidis, Athina Lavrentieva, Athena Lavrentieva, George Papageorgiou, Maria Kokkinoy, Maria Stafylaraki, Stylianos Gaitanakis, Periclis Karydakis, Josef Paltoglou, Panagiotis Ponireas, Panagiotis Chaloulis, Athanasios Provatidis, Anisoglou Sousana, Varvara Vanessa Gardikou, Maria Konstantivelli, Olga Lataniotou, Elisavet Lisari, Maria Margaroni, Konstantinos Stamatiou, Edouardos Nikolaidis, Ioannis Pnevmatikos, Eleni Sertaridou, Alexandros Andreou, Eleni Arkalaki, Elias Athanasakis, Fotini Chaniotaki, Chatzimichali Aikaterini Chatzimichali, Maria Christofaki, Despina Dermitzaki, Klara Fiorentza, Georgios Frantzeskos, Elisavet Geromarkaki, Kalliopi Kafkalaki, Marina Kalogridaki, Konstyllia Karydi, Sofia Kokkini, Georgios Kougentakis, Tatiana Lefaki, Emmanouhl Lilitsis, Aikaterini Makatounaki, Polychronis Malliotakis, Dimosthenis Michelakis, Maria Neonaki, Vasileia Nyktari, Iliana Palikyra, Eleftherios Papadakis, Alexandra Papaioannou, Konstantinos Sfakianakis, Maria Sgouraki, Xenia Souvatzis, Anastasia Spartinou, Nefeli Stefanidou, Paulina Syrogianni, Georgia Tsagkaraki, Elena Arnaoutoglou, Christina Arnaoutoglou, Christina Bali, Vasilios Bouris, Rodamanthos Doumos, Konstantia-Paraskevi Gkini, Clio Kapaktsi, Vasilios Koulouras, Arian Lena, Dimitra Lepida, Evangelos Michos, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Minas Paschopoulos, Vaia Aliki Rompou, Ioanna Siouti, Stavros Tsampalas, Ourania Ververidou, Georgios Zilis, Alexandra Charlalampidoy, Gregory Christodoulidis, Andreas Flossos, Konstantinos Stamoulis, Matthew Chan, Man Shing Caleb Tsang, Man Shing Tsang, Man Ling Lai, Chi Pang Yip, Hey Man Heymans Chan, Bassanio Law, Wing Sze Li, Hiu Man Chu, Emily Gar Yee Koo, Chi Cheong Joe Lam, Ka Ho Cheng, Tracy Lam, Susanna Chu, Wing yan Lam, Kin Wai Kevin Wong, Dilys Kwok, Ching Yue Janice Hung, Wai Kit Jacky Chan, Wing Lam Wong, Chun Kwong Eric Chung, Shu Kai Ma, Shuchi Kaushik, Bhagyesh Shah, Dhiren Shah, Sanjay Shah, Praburaj Ar, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Vandana Agarwal, Jigeeshu Divatia, Sanghamitra Mishra, Ganesh Nimje, Swati Pande, Sukhada Savarkar, Aditi Shrivastava, Martin Thomas, Shashikant Yegnaram, Rahmat Hidayatullah, Nasman Puar, Sumara Niman, Imai Indra, Zulkarnain Hamzah, Annika Yuliana, Ucu Nurhadiat Abidin, Ade Nurkacan Dursin, Andri Kurnia, Ade Susanti, Dini Handayani, Mahaalit Aribawa Alit, Aryabiantara Arya, Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Utara Hartawan Utara, Widnyana Made Wid, Semarawima Wima, Wiryana Made Wir, Brillyan Jehosua, Jonathan Kaunang, Eka Yudha Lantang, Rini Najoan, Neil Waworuntu, Hadi Awad, Akram Fuad, Burair Geddoa, Abdel Razzaq Khalaf, Sabah Al hussaini, Safauldeensalem Albaj, Maithem Kenber, Alessandra Bettinelli, Savino Spadaro, Carlo AlbertoVolta, Luigi Giancarlo, Vicari Sottosanti, Elisa Copetti, Lorenzo Spagnesi, Ilaria Toretti, Chiara Alloj, Silvano Cardellino, Livio Carmino, Eleonora Costanzo, Lucia Caterina Fanfani, Maria Teresa Novelli, Agostino Roasio, Mattia Bellandi, Luigi Beretta, Elena Bignami, Speranza Bocchino, Luca Cabrini, Daniele Corti, Giovanni Landoni, Roberta Meroni, Elena Moizo, Giacomo Monti, Margherita Pintaudi, Valentina Paola Plumari, Daiana Taddeo, Valentina Testa, Dario Winterton, Alberto Zangrillo, Luigi Maria Cloro, Chiara Colangelo, Antonio Colangelo, Giuseppe Rotunno, Miguel Angel Paludi, Cloro Paolo Maria, Antonio Pata, Vieri Parrini, Alessandro Gatta, Mauro Nastasi, Carla Tinti, Antonio Baroselli, Mario Arrigo, Angelo Benevento, Corrado Bottini, Maurizio Cannavo', Christian Gastaldi, Alessandro Marchesi, Angelantonio Pascazio, Francesco Pata, Emilio Pozzi, Alberto Premoli, Gaetano Tessera, Luca Boschi, Rocco D'Andrea, Federico Ghignone, Gilberto Poggioli, Andrea Sibilio, Mario Taffurelli, Giampaolo Ugolini, Mohd Azuan Ab Majid, Rusnah Ab Rahman, James Joseph, Furquan Pathan, Mohammad Hafizshah Sybil Shah, Huey Ling Yap, Seleen Cheah, Im Im Chin, Ji Keon Looi, Siew Ching Tan, Sheshendrasurian Visvalingam, Fan Yin Kwok, Chew Kiok Lee, Tse Siang Tan, Sze Meng Wong, Noor Hairiza Abdullah, Chiat Fong Liew, Lovenia Luxuman, Nor Hafizah Mohd Zin, Muhamad Faiz Norddin, Raja Liza Raja Alias, Juan Yong Wong, Johnny Yong, Mohd Tarmimi Bin Mustapha, Weng Ken Chan, Norizawati Dzulkipli, Pei Xuan Kuan, Yew Ching Lee, Anita Alias, Eng Ching Guok, Chiun Chen Jee, Brian Rhadamantyne Ramon, Cheng Weng Wong, Fara Nur Idayu Abd Ghafar, Faizal Zuhri Aziz, Nabilah Hussain, Hooi Sean Lee, Ismawaty Sukawi, Yuan Liang Woon, Husni Zaeem Abd Hadi, Ummi Azmira Ahmad Azam, Abdul Hafiz Alias, Saiful Aizar Kesut, Jun May Lee, Dar Vin Ooi, Hetty Ayuni Sulaiman, Tengku Alini Tengku Lih, Jeyaganesh Veerakumaran, Eder Rojas, Gerardo Esteban Alvarez Resendiz, Darcy Danitza Mari Zapata, Julio Cesar Jesús Aguilar López, Armando Adolfo Alvarez Flores, Juan Carlos Bravo Amador, Erendira Jocelin Dominguez Avila, Laura Patricia González Aquino, Ricardo Lopez Rodriguez, Mariana Torres Landa, Emma Urias, Markus Hollmann, Abraham Hulst, Osne Kirzner Benedikt Preckel, Ankie Koopman-van Gemert, Marc Buise, Noortje Tolenaar, Eric Weber, Jennifer de Fretes, Peter Houweling, Patricia Ormskerk, Jasper Van Bommel, Marcus Lance, Valerie Smit-Fun, Tom van Zundert, Peter Baas, Hans Donald de Boer, Joost Sprakel, Renske Elferink-Vonk, Peter Noordzij, Laura van Zeggeren, Bastiaan Brand, Rob Spanjersberg, Janneke ten Bokkel-Andela, Sandra Numan, Wilton van Klei, Bas van Zaane, Christa Boer, Yoni van Duivenvoorde, Jens Peter Hering, Sylvia van Rossum, Harry Zonneveldt, Doug Campbell, Siobhan Hoare, Sahayam Santa, Marlynn Ali, Sara Jane Allen, Rachel Bell, Hyun-min David Choi, Matthew Drake, Helen Farrell, Katia Hayes, Kushlin Higgie, Kerry Holmes, Nicole Jenkins, Chang Joon Kim, Steven Kim, Kiew Chai Law, Davina McAllister, Karen Park, Karen Pedersen, Leesa Pfeifer, Anna Pozaroszczyk, Timothy Salmond, Martin Steynor, Michael Tan, Ellen Waymouth, Ahmad Sufian Ab Rahman, John Armstrong, Rosie Dudson, Nia Jenkins, Jayashree Nilakant, Seigne Richard, Pardeep Virdi, Liane Dixon, Roana Donohue, Mehreen Farrow, Ross Kennedy, Henderson Marissa, Margie McKellow, Delany Nicola, Rebecca Pascoe, Stephen John Roberts, George Rowell, Matthew Sumner, Paul Templer, Shardha Chandrasekharan, Graham Fulton, Ib Jammer, Richard More, Leona Wilson, Yuan Hsuan Chang, Julia Foley, Carolyn Fowler, Jonathan Panckhurst, Rachel Sara, Francois Stapelberg, Veronica Cherrett, Donna Louise Ganter, Lloyd McCann, Fiona Gilmour, Rachelle Lumsden, Mark Moores, Sue Olliff, Elitza Sardareva, Joyce Tai, Matthew Wikner, Christopher Wong, Mark Chaddock, Carolyn Czepanski, Patrick McKendry, Daniel Polakovic, Daniel Polakovich, Axe Robert, Margarita Tormo Belda, Tracy Norton, Fadhel Alherz, Lisa Barneto, Alberto Ramirez, Ahmed Sayeed, Nicola Smith, Cambell Bennett, Shane McQuoid, Tracy-Lee Jansen, Zin Nico, John Scott, David Freschini, Angela Freschini, Brian Hopkins, Lara Manson, Deon Stoltz, Alexander Bates, Simon Davis, 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Olivia Goldberg, Harry Goss, Rosanna Greaves, Rudy Harris, Charles Hennings, Eleanor Jones, Nelson Kamali, Naomi Kokkinos, Carys Lewis, Leda Lignos, Evaleen Victoria Malgapo, Rizwana Malik, Andrew Milne, John-Patrick Mulligan, Philippa Nicklin, Natasha Palipane, Thomas Parsons, Rebecca Piper, Rohan Prakash, Byron Ramesh, Sarah Rasip, Jacob Reading, Mariam Rela, Anna Reyes, Robert Stephens, Martin Rooms, Karishma Shah, Henry Simons, Shalil Solanki, Emma Spowart, Amy Stevens, Christopher Thomas, Helena Waggett, Arrash Yassaee, Anthony Kennedy, Sara Scott, Sameer Somanath, Andrew Berg, Miguel Hernandez, Rajesh Nanda, Ghanshyambhai Tank, Natalie Wilson, Debbie Wilson, Yassr Al-Soudaine, Matthew Baldwin, Julie Cornish, Zoe Davies, Leigh Davies, Marc Edwards, Natasha Frewer, Sian Gallard, James Glasbey, Rhiannon Harries, Luke Hopkins, Taeyang Kim, Vilavan Koompirochana, Simon Lawson, Megan Lewis, Zaid Makzal, Sarah Scourfield, Yousra Ahmad, Sarah Bates, Clare Blackwell, Helen Bryant, Hannah Collins, Suzanne Coulter, Ross Cruickshank, Sonya Daniel, Thomas Daubeny, Mark Edwards, Kim Golder, Lesley Hawkins, Bryant Helen, Honor Hinxman, Denny Levett, Karen Salmon, Leanne Seaward, Ben Skinner, Bryony Tyrell, Beverley Wadams, Joseph Walsgrove, Jane Dickson, Kathryn Constantin, Markwell Karen, Peter O'Brien, Lynn O'Donohoe, Hannah Payne, Saul Sundayi, Elaine Walker, Jenny Brooke, Jon Cardy, Sally Humphreys, Laura Kessack, Christiane Kubitzek, Suhas Kumar, Donna Cotterill, Emil Hodzovic, Gurunath Hosdurga, Edward Miles, Glenn Saunders, Marta Campbell, Peter Chan, Kim Jemmett, Ashok Raj, Aditi Naik, Ayo Oshowo, Rajarajan Ramamoorthy, Nimesh Shah, Axel Sylvan, Katharine Blyth, Andrew Burtenshaw, David Freeman, Emily Johnson, Philip Lo, Terry Martin, Emma Plunkett, Julie Wollaston, Joanna Allison, Christine Carroll, Nicholas Craw, Sarah Craw, Tressy Pitt-Kerby, Rebecca Rowland-Axe, Katie Spurdle, Andrew McDonald, Davies Simon, Vivek Sinha, Thomas Smith, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Myles Boone, Kathleen Campbell, Fengxin Lu, Joseph Scannell, Julia Sobol, Naraida Balajonda, Karen Clemmons, Carlos Conde, Magdi Elgasim, Bonita Funk, Roger Hall, Thomas Hopkins, Omowunmi Olaleye, Omer Omer, Michelle Pender, Angelo Porto, Alice Stevens, Peter Waweru, Erlinda Yeh, Daniella Bodansky, Adam Evans, Steven Kleopoulos, Robert Maril, Edward Mathney, Angela Sanchez, Elizabeth Tinuoye, Brian Bateman, Kristen Eng, Ning Jiang, Karim Ladha, Joseph Needleman, Lee-lynn Chen, Rondall Lane, David Robinowitz, Neil Ghushe, Mariam Irshad, John O'Connor, Samir Patel, Steven Takemoto, Art Wallace, Michael Mazzeffi, Peter Rock, Karin Wallace, Xiaomao Zhu, Pandora Chua, Matthew Mattera, Rebecca Sharar, Stephan Thilen, Miriam Treggiari, Angela Morgan, Iwan Sofjan, Kathirvel Subramaniam, Michael Avidan, Hannah Maybrier, Maxwell Muench, Troy Wildes, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Anesthesiology research group, Supporting clinical sciences, Anesthesiology, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], NHS Foundation Trust [London], The Royal Marsden, University of Cape Town, Linköping university hospital, University of Edinburgh, Abbott, T E F, Ahmad, T, Phull, M K, Fowler, A J, Hewson, R, Biccard, B M, Chew, M S, Gillies, M, Pearse RM, Beattie S, Clavien PA, Demartines N, Fleisher LA, Grocott M, Haddow J, Hoeft A, Holt P, Moreno R, Pritchard N, Rhodes A, Wijeysundera D, Wilson M, Ahmed T, Everingham K, Hewson R, Januszewska M, Phull MK, Halliwell R, Shulman M, Myles P, Schmid W, Hiesmayr M, Wouters P, de Hert S, Lobo S, Fang X, Rasmussen L, Futier E, Biais M, Venara A, Slim K, Sander M, Koulenti D, Arvaniti K, Chan M, Kulkarni A, Chandra S, Tantri A, Geddoa E, Abbas M, Della Rocca G, Sivasakthi D, Mansor M, Luna P, Bouwman A, Buhre W, Beavis V, Campbell D, Short T, Osinaike T, Matos R, Grigoras I, Kirov M, Protsenko D, Biccard B, Aldecoa C, Chew M, Hofer C, Hubner M, Ditai J, Szakmany T, Fleisher L, Ferguson M, MacMahon M, Cherian R, Currow H, Kanathiban K, Gillespie D, Pathmanathan E, Phillips K, Reynolds J, Rowley J, Douglas J, Kerridge R, Garg S, Bennett M, Jain M, Alcock D, Terblanche N, Cotter R, Leslie K, Stewart M, Zingerle N, Clyde A, Hambidge O, Rehak A, Cotterell S, Huynh WBQ, McCulloch T, Ben-Menachem E, Egan T, Cope J, Fellinger P, Haisjackl M, Haselberger S, Holaubek C, Lichtenegger P, Scherz F, Hoffer F, Cakova V, Eichwalder A, Fischbach N, Klug R, Schneider E, Vesely M, Wickenhauser R, Grubmueller KG, Leitgeb M, Lang F, Toro N, Bauer M, Laengle F, Haberl C, Mayrhofer T, Trybus C, Buerkle C, Forstner K, Germann R, Rinoesl H, Schindler E, Trampitsch E, Bogner G, Dankl D, Duenser M, Fritsch G, Gradwohl-Matis I, Hartmann A, Hoelzenbein T, Jaeger T, Landauer F, Lindl G, Lux M, Steindl J, Stundner O, Szabo C, Bidgoli J, Verdoodt H, Forget P, Kahn D, Lois F, Momeni M, Prégardien C, Pospiech A, Steyaert A, Veevaete L, De Kegel D, De Jongh K, Foubert L, Smitz C, Vercauteren M, Poelaert J, Van Mossevelde V, Abeloos J, Bouchez S, Coppens M, De Baerdemaeker L, Deblaere I, De Bruyne A, Fonck K, Heyse B, Jacobs T, Lapage K, Moerman A, Neckebroek M, Parashchanka A, Roels N, Van Den Eynde N, Vandenheuvel M, Limmen J, Vanluchene A, Vanpeteghem C, Wyffels P, Huygens C, Vandenbempt P, Van de Velde M, Dylst D, Janssen B, Schreurs E, Aleixo FB, Candido K, Batista HD, Guimarães M, Guizeline J, Hoffmann J, Lobo FRM, Nascimento V, Nishiyama K, Pazetto L, Souza D, Rodrigues RS, Vilela Dos Santos AM, Jardim J, Sá Malbouisson LM, Silva J, Nascimento Junior PD, Baio TH, Pereira de Castro GI, Watanabe Oliveira HR, Amendola CP, Cardoso G, Ortega D, Brotto AF, De Oliveira MC, Réa-Neto Á, Dias F, Travi ME, Zerman L, Azambuja P, Knibel MF, Martins A, Almeida W, Neto CN, Tardelli MA, Caser E, Machado M, Aguzzoli C, Baldisserotto S, Tabajara FB, Bettega F, Rodrigues Júnior HC, de Gasperi J, Faina L, Nolasco MF, Ferreira da Costa Fischer B, Fosch de Campos Ferreira M, Hartmann C, Kliemann M, Hubert Ribeiro GL, Fraga JM, Netto TM, Pozza LV, Wendling PR, Azevedo C, Garcia J, Lopes M, Maia B, Maselli P, Melo R, Mendes W, Neves M, Ney J, Piras C, Applewhaite C, Carr A, Chow L, Duttchen K, Foglia J, Greene M, Hinther A, Houston K, McCormick TJ, Mikhayel J, Montasser S, Ragan A, Suen A, Woolsey A, Yu HC, Funk D, Kowalski S, Legaspi R, McDonald H, Siddiqui F, Pridham J, Rowe B, Sampson S, Thiessen B, Zbitnew G, Bernard A, George R, Jones P, Moor R, Siddiqui N, Wolfer A, Tran D, Winch D, Dobson G, McCormick T, Montasser O, Hall R, Baghirzada L, Curley G, Dai SY, Hare G, Lee E, Shastri U, Tsui A, Yagnik A, Alvares D, Choi S, Dwyer H, Flores K, McCartney C, Somascanthan P, Carroll J, Pazmino-Canizares J, Wolfer A, Ami N, Chan V, Perlas A, Argue R, Huang Y, Lavis K, Mayson K, Cao Y, Gao H, Hu T, Lv J, Yang J, Yang Y, Zhong Y, Zhou J, Zou X, He M, Li X, Luo D, Wang H, Yu T, Chen L, Wang L, Cai Y, Cao Z, Li Y, Lian J, Sun H, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang K, Zhu Y, Du X, Fan H, Fu Y, Huang L, Huang Y, Hwan H, Luo H, Qu PS, Tao F, Wang Z, Wang G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen C, Wang W, Liu Z, Fan L, Tang J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Han Y, Huang C, Liang G, Shen J, Wang J, Yang Q, Zhen J, Zhou H, Chen J, Chen Z, Li X, Meng B, Ye H, Zhang X, Bi Y, Cao J, Guo F, Lin H, Liu Y, Lv M, Shi P, Song X, Sun C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen R, Hou J, Leng Y, Meng QT, Qian L, Shen ZY, Xia ZY, Xue R, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhou XJ, Chen Q, Guo H, Guo Y, Qi Y, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhang W, Zheng L, Bao Q, Chen Y, Chen Y, Fei Y, Hu N, Hu X, Lei M, Li X, Lv X, Miao F, Ouyang L, Qian L, Shen C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Wu C, Xu L, Yuan J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhao C, Zhao L, Zheng T, Zhou D, Zhou H, Zhou C, Lu K, Zhao T, He C, Chen H, Chen S, Cheng B, He J, Jin L, Li C, Li H, Pan Y, Shi Y, Wen XH, Wu S, Xie G, Zhang K, Zhao B, Lu X, Chen F, Liang Q, Lin X, Ling Y, Liu G, Tao J, Yang L, Zhou J, Chen F, Cheng Z, Dai H, Feng Y, Hou B, Gong H, Hu CH, Huang H, Huang J, Jiang Z, Li M, Lin J, Liu M, Liu W, Liu Z, Liu Z, Luo F, Ma L, Min J, Shi X, Song Z, Wan X, Xiong Y, Xu L, Yang S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhu X, Bai Y, Chen L, Chen S, Dai Q, Geng W, Han K, He X, Huang L, Ji B, Jia D, Jin S, Li Q, Liang D, Luo S, Lwang L, Mo Y, Pan Y, Qi X, Qian M, Qin J, Ren Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Wang J, Wang L, Xie J, Yan Y, Yao Y, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhuang X, Ai Y, Du F, He L, Huang L, Li Z, Li H, Li Y, Li L, Meng S, Yuan Y, Zhang E, Zhang J, Zhao S, Ji Z, Pei L, Wang L, Chen C, Dong B, Li J, Miao Z, Mu H, Qin C, Su L, Wen Z, Xie K, Yu Y, Yuan F, Hu X, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Zhu Z, Dai Q, Fu K, Hu R, Hu X, Huang S, Li Y, Liang Y, Yu S, Guo Z, Jing Y, Tang N, Wu J, Yuan D, Zhang R, Zhao X, Li Y, Bai HP, Liu CX, Liu FF, Ren W, Wang XL, Xu GJ, Hu N, Li B, Ou Y, Tang Y, Yao S, Zhang S, Kong CC, Liu B, Wang T, Xiao W, Lu B, Xia Y, Zhou J, Cai F, Chen P, Hu S, Wang H, Xu Q, Hu L, Jing L, Li B, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lu X, Peng ZD, Qiu X, Ren Q, Tong Y, Wang J, Wen Y, Wu Q, Xia J, Xie J, Xiong X, Xu S, Yang T, Ye H, Yin N, Yuan J, Zeng Q, Zhang B, Zheng K, Cang J, Chen S, Fan Y, Fu S, Ge X, Guo B, Huang W, Jiang L, Jiang X, Liu Y, Pan Y, Ren Y, Shan Q, Wang J, Wang F, Wu C, Zhang X, Christiansen IC, Granum SN, Rasmussen BS, Daugaard M, Gambhir R, Brandsborg B, Steingrímsdóttir GE, Jensen-Gadegaard P, Olsen KS, Siegel H, Eskildsen KZ, Gätke MR, Wibrandt I, Heintzelmann SB, Wiborg Lange KH, Lundsgaard RS, Amstrup-Hansen L, Hovendal C, Larsen M, Lenstrup M, Kobborg T, Larsen JR, Pedersen AB, Smith SH, Oestervig RM, Afshari A, Andersen C, Ekelund K, Secher EL, Beloeil H, Lasocki S, Ouattara A, Sineus M, Molliex S, Legouge ML, Wallet F, Tesniere A, Gaudin C, Lehur P, Forsans E, de Rudnicki S, Maudet VS, Mutter D, Sojod G, Ouaissi M, Regimbeau JM, Desbordes J, Comptaer N, Manser DE, Ethgen S, Lebuffe G, Auer P, Härtl C, Deja M, Legashov K, Sonnemann S, Wiegand-Loehnert C, Falk E, Habicher M, Angermair S, Laetsch B, Schmidt K, Von Heymann C, Ramminger A, Jelschen F, Pabel S, Weyland A, Czeslick E, Gille J, Malcharek M, Sablotzki A, Lueke K, Wetzel P, Weimann J, Lenhart FP, Reichle F, Schirmer F, Hüppe M, Klotz K, Nau C, Schön J, Mencke T, Wasmund C, Bankewitz C, Baumgarten G, Fleischer A, Guttenthaler V, Hack Y, Kirchgaessner K, Männer O, Schurig-Urbaniak M, Struck R, van Zyl R, Wittmann M, Goebel U, Harris S, Veit S, Andreadaki E, Souri F, Katsiadramis I, Skoufi A, Vasileiou M, Aimoniotou-Georgiou E, Katsourakis A, Veroniki F, Vlachogianni G, Petra K, Chlorou D, Oloktsidou E, Ourailoglou V, Papapostolou K, Tsaousi G, Daikou P, Dedemadi G, Kalaitzopoulos I, Loumpias C, Bristogiannis S, Dafnios N, Gkiokas G, Kontis E, Kozompoli D, Papailia A, Theodosopoulos T, Bizios C, Koutsikou A, Moustaka A, Plaitakis I, Armaganidis A, Christodoulopoulou T, Lignos M, Theodorakopoulou M, Asimakos A, Ischaki E, Tsagkaraki A, Zakynthinos S, Antoniadou E, Koutelidakis I, Lathyris D, Pozidou I, Voloudakis N, Dalamagka M, Elena G, Chronis C, Manolakaki D, Mosxogiannidis D, Slepova T, Tsakiridou IS, Lampiri C, Vachlioti A, Panagiotakis C, Sfyras D, Tsimpoukas F, Tsirogianni A, Axioti E, Filippopoulos A, Kalliafa E, Kassavetis G, Katralis P, Komnos I, Pilichos G, Ravani I, Totis A, Apagaki E, Efthymiadi A, Kampagiannis N, Paraforou T, Tsioka A, Georgiou G, Vakalos A, Bairaktari A, Charitos E, Markou G, Niforopoulou P, Papakonstantinou N, Tsigou E, Xifara A, Zoulamoglou M, Gkioni P, Karatzas S, Kyparissi A, Mainas E, Papapanagiotou I, Papavasilopoulou T, Fragandreas G, Georgopoulou E, Katsika E, Psarras K, Synekidou E, Verroiotou M, Vetsiou E, Zaimi D, Anagnou A, Apostolou K, Melissopoulou T, Rozenberg T, Tsigris C, Boutsikos G, Kalles V, Kotsalas N, Lavdaiou C, Paikou F, Panagou GL, Spring A, Botis I, Drimala M, Georgakakis G, Kiourtzieva E, Ntouma P, Prionas A, Xouplidis K, Dalampini E, Giannaki C, Iasonidou C, Ioannidis O, Lavrentieva A, Lavrentieva A, Papageorgiou G, Kokkinoy M, Stafylaraki M, Gaitanakis S, Karydakis P, Paltoglou J, Ponireas P, Chaloulis P, Provatidis A, Sousana A, Gardikou VV, Konstantivelli M, Lataniotou O, Lisari E, Margaroni M, Stamatiou K, Nikolaidis E, Pnevmatikos I, Sertaridou E, Andreou A, Arkalaki E, Athanasakis E, Chaniotaki F, Chatzimichali CA, Christofaki M, Dermitzaki D, Fiorentza K, Frantzeskos G, Geromarkaki E, Kafkalaki K, Kalogridaki M, Karydi K, Kokkini S, Kougentakis G, Lefaki T, Lilitsis E, Makatounaki A, Malliotakis P, Michelakis D, Neonaki M, Nyktari V, Palikyra I, Papadakis E, Papaioannou A, Sfakianakis K, Sgouraki M, Souvatzis X, Spartinou A, Stefanidou N, Syrogianni P, Tsagkaraki G, Arnaoutoglou E, Arnaoutoglou C, Bali C, Bouris V, Doumos R, Gkini KP, Kapaktsi C, Koulouras V, Lena A, Lepida D, Michos E, Papadopoulos D, Paschopoulos M, Rompou VA, Siouti I, Tsampalas S, Ververidou O, Zilis G, Charlalampidoy A, Christodoulidis G, Flossos A, Stamoulis K, Chan M, Tsang MSC, Tsang MS, Lai ML, Yip CP, Heymans Chan HM, Law B, Li WS, Chu HM, Koo EGY, Lam CCJ, Cheng KH, Lam T, Chu S, Lam WY, Wong KWK, Kwok D, Hung CYJ, Chan WKJ, Wong WL, Chung CKE, Ma SK, Kaushik S, Shah B, Shah D, Shah S, Ar P, Muthuchellappan R, Agarwal V, Divatia J, Mishra S, Nimje G, Pande S, Savarkar S, Shrivastava A, Thomas M, Yegnaram S, Hidayatullah R, Puar N, Niman S, Indra I, Hamzah Z, Yuliana A, Abidin UN, Dursin AN, Kurnia A, Susanti A, Handayani D, Alit MA, Arya A, Senapathi TGA, Utara UH, Wid WM, Wima S, Wir WM, Jehosua B, Kaunang J, Lantang EY, Najoan R, Waworuntu N, Awad H, Fuad A, Geddoa B, Khalaf AR, Al Hussaini S, Albaj S, Kenber M, Bettinelli A, Spadaro S, AlbertoVolta C, Giancarlo L, Sottosanti V, Copetti E, Spagnesi L, Toretti I, Alloj C, Cardellino S, Carmino L, Costanzo E, Fanfani LC, Novelli MT, Roasio A, Bellandi M, Beretta L, Bignami E, Bocchino S, Cabrini L, Corti D, Landoni G, Meroni R, Moizo E, Monti G, Pintaudi M, Plumari VP, Taddeo D, Testa V, Winterton D, Zangrillo A, Cloro LM, Colangelo C, Colangelo A, Rotunno G, Paludi MA, Maria CP, Pata A, Parrini V, Gatta A, Nastasi M, Tinti C, Baroselli A, Arrigo M, Benevento A, Bottini C, Cannavo' M, Gastaldi C, Marchesi A, Pascazio A, Pata F, Pozzi E, Premoli A, Tessera G, Boschi L, D'Andrea R, Ghignone F, Poggioli G, Sibilio A, Taffurelli M, Ugolini G, Ab Majid MA, Ab Rahman R, Joseph J, Pathan F, Sybil Shah MH, Yap HL, Cheah S, Chin II, Looi JK, Tan SC, Visvalingam S, Kwok FY, Lee CK, Tan TS, Wong SM, Abdullah NH, Liew CF, Luxuman L, Mohd Zin NH, Norddin MF, Raja Alias RL, Wong JY, Yong J, Bin Mustapha MT, Chan WK, Dzulkipli N, Kuan PX, Lee YC, Alias A, Guok EC, Jee CC, Ramon BR, Wong CW, Abd Ghafar FNI, Aziz FZ, Hussain N, Lee HS, Sukawi I, Woon YL, Abd Hadi HZ, Ahmad Azam UA, Alias AH, Kesut SA, Lee JM, Ooi DV, Sulaiman HA, Lih TAT, Veerakumaran J, Rojas E, Resendiz GEA, Zapata DDM, López JCJA, Flores AAA, Amador JCB, Avila EJD, Aquino LPG, Rodriguez RL, Landa MT, Urias E, Hollmann M, Hulst A, Benedikt Preckel OK, Gemert AK, Buise M, Tolenaar N, Weber E, de Fretes J, Houweling P, Ormskerk P, Van Bommel J, Lance M, Smit-Fun V, van Zundert T, Baas P, de Boer HD, Sprakel J, Elferink-Vonk R, Noordzij P, van Zeggeren L, Brand B, Spanjersberg R, Bokkel-Andela JT, Numan S, van Klei W, van Zaane B, Boer C, van Duivenvoorde Y, Hering JP, van Rossum S, Zonneveldt H, Campbell D, Hoare S, Santa S, Ali M, Allen SJ, Beavis V, Bell R, Choi HD, Drake M, Farrell H, Hayes K, Higgie K, Holmes K, Jenkins N, Kim CJ, Kim S, Law KC, McAllister D, Park K, Pedersen K, Pfeifer L, Pozaroszczyk A, Salmond T, Steynor M, Tan M, Waymouth E, Ab Rahman AS, Armstrong J, Dudson R, Jenkins N, Nilakant J, Richard S, Virdi P, Dixon L, Donohue R, Farrow M, Kennedy R, Marissa H, McKellow M, Nicola D, Pascoe R, Roberts SJ, Rowell G, Sumner M, Templer P, Chandrasekharan S, Fulton G, Jammer I, More R, Wilson L, Chang YH, Foley J, Fowler C, Panckhurst J, Sara R, Stapelberg F, Cherrett V, Ganter DL, McCann L, Gilmour F, Lumsden R, Moores M, Olliff S, Sardareva E, Tai J, Wikner M, Wong C, Chaddock M, Czepanski C, McKendry P, Polakovic D, Polakovich D, Robert A, Belda MT, Norton T, Alherz F, Barneto L, Ramirez A, Sayeed A, Smith N, Bennett C, McQuoid S, Jansen TL, Nico Z, Scott J, Freschini D, Freschini A, Hopkins B, Manson L, Stoltz D, Bates A, Davis S, Freeman V, McGaughran L, Williams M, Sharma SB, Burrows T, Byrne K, English D, Johnson R, Manikkam B, Naidoo S, Rumball M, Whittle N, Franks R, Gibson-Lapsley H, Salter R, Walsh D, Cooper R, Perry K, Obobolo A, Sule UM, Ahmad A, Atiku M, Mohammed AD, Sarki AM, Adekola O, Akanmu O, Durodola A, Olukoju O, Raji V, Olajumoke T, Oyebamiji E, Adenekan A, Adetoye A, Faponle F, Olateju S, Owojuyigbe A, Talabi A, Adenike O, Adewale B, Collins N, Ezekiel E, Fatungase OM, Grace A, Sola S, Stella O, Ademola A, Adeolu AA, Adigun T, Akinwale M, Fasina O, Gbolahan O, Idowu O, Olonisakin RP, Osinaike BB, Asudo F, Mshelia D, Abdur-Rahman L, Agodirin O, Bello J, Bolaji B, Oyedepo OO, Ezike H, Iloabachie I, Okonkwo I, Onuora E, Onyeka T, Ugwu I, Umeh F, Alagbe-Briggs O, Dodiyi-Manuel A, Echem R, Obasuyi B, Onajin-Obembe B, Bandeira ME, Martins A, Tomé M, Costa ACMM, Krystopchuk A, Branco T, Esteves S, Melo MA, Monte J, Rua F, Martins I, Pinho-Oliveira VM, Rodrigues CM, Cabral R, Marques S, Rêgo S, Jesus JST, Marques MC, Romao C, Dias S, Santos AM, Alves MJ, Salta C, Cruz S, Duarte C, Paiva AAF, Cabral TDN, Faria E Maia D, Correia da Silva RFM, Langner A, Resendes HO, Soares MDC, Abrunhosa A, Faria F, Miranda L, Pereira H, Serra S, Ionescu D, Margarit S, Mitre C, Vasian H, Manga G, Stefan A, Tomescu D, Filipescu D, Paunescu MA, Stefan M, Stoica R, Gavril L, Pătrășcanu E, Ristescu I, Rusu D, Diaconescu C, Iosep GF, Pulbere D, Ursu I, Balanescu A, Grintescu I, Mirea L, Rentea I, Vartic M, Lupu MN, Stanescu D, Streanga L, Antal O, Hagau N, Patras D, Petrisor C, Tosa F, Tranca S, Copotoiu SM, Ungureanu LL, Harsan CR, Papurica M, Cernea DD, Dragoescu NA, CarmenVaida LA, Ciobotaru OR, Aignatoaie M, Carp CP, Cobzaru I, Mardare O, Purcarin B, Tutunaru V, 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Craw N, Craw S, Pitt-Kerby T, Rowland-Axe R, Spurdle K, McDonald A, Simon D, Sinha V, Smith T, Banner-Goodspeed V, Boone M, Campbell K, Lu F, Scannell J, Sobol J, Balajonda N, Clemmons K, Conde C, Elgasim M, Funk B, Hall R, Hopkins T, Olaleye O, Omer O, Pender M, Porto A, Stevens A, Waweru P, Yeh E, Bodansky D, Evans A, Kleopoulos S, Maril R, Mathney E, Sanchez A, Tinuoye E, Bateman B, Eng K, Jiang N, Ladha K, Needleman J, Chen LL, Lane R, Robinowitz D, Ghushe N, Irshad M, O'Connor J, Patel S, Takemoto S, Wallace A, Mazzeffi M, Rock P, Wallace K, Zhu X, Chua P, Mattera M, Sharar R, Thilen S, Treggiari M, Morgan A, Sofjan I, Subramaniam K, Avidan M, Maybrier H, Muench M, Wildes T., Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Queen Mary University of London [QMUL], Graduate School, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, 01 Internal and external specialisms, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, ACS - Microcirculation, Pearse, R M, International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISO), Group, Zangrillo, A, Landoni, G, Beretta, L., International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) group, Pearse, R.M., Beattie, S., Clavien, P.A., Demartines, N., Fleisher, L.A., Grocott, M., Haddow, J., Hoeft, A., Holt, P., Moreno, R., Pritchard, N., Rhodes, A., Wijeysundera, D., Wilson, M., Ahmed, T., Everingham, K., Hewson, R., Januszewska, M., Phull, M.K., Halliwell, R., Shulman, M., Myles, P., Schmid, W., Hiesmayr, M., Wouters, P., de Hert, S., Lobo, S., Fang, X., Rasmussen, L., Futier, E., Biais, M., Venara, A., Slim, K., Sander, M., Koulenti, D., Arvaniti, K., Chan, M., Kulkarni, A., Chandra, S., Tantri, A., Geddoa, E., Abbas, M., Della Rocca, G., Sivasakthi, D., Mansor, M., Luna, P., Bouwman, A., Buhre, W., Beavis, V., Campbell, D., Short, T., Osinaike, T., Matos, R., Grigoras, I., Kirov, M., Protsenko, D., 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R.R., Chirkut, S., Cronje, L., de Vasconcellos, K., Dube, N.Z., Gama, N.S., Green, G.M., Green-Thompson, R., Kinoo, S.M., Kistnasami, P., Maharaj, K., Moodley, M.S., Mothae, S.J., Aslam F Noorbhai, M., Rughubar, V., Reddy, J., Singh, A., Skinner, D.L., Smith, M.J., Singh, B., Misra, R., Naidoo, M., Ramdharee, P., Selibea, Y., Sewpersad, S., Sham, S., Wessels, J.D., Africander, C., Bejia, T., Blakemore, S.P., Botes, M., Bunwarie, B., Hernandez, C.B., Jeeraz, M.A., Legutko, D.A., Lopez, A.G., De Meyer, J.N., Muzenda, T., Naidoo, N., Patel, M., Pentela, R., Junge, M., Mansoor, N., Rademan, L., Scislowski, P., Seedat, I., van den Berg, B., van der Merwe, D., van Wyk, S., Govender, K., Naicker, D., Ramjee, R., Saley, M., Kuhn, W.P., Matos-Puig, R., Alberto Lisi, Z.M., Perez, G., Beltran, A.V., Lozano, A., Navarro, C.D., Duca, A., Ernesto, EPM, Ferrando, C., Fuentes, I., García-Pérez, M.L., Gracia, E., Palomares, A.I., Katime, A., Miñana, A., Incertis, R.R., Romero, E., Romero Garcia, C.S., Rubio, C., Artiles, T.S., Soro, M., Valls, P., Laguarda, G.A., Benavent, P., Cuenca, V.C., Cueva, A., Lafuente, M., Parra, A.M., Rodrigo, A.R., Sanchez-Morcillo, S., Tormo, S., Redondo, F.J., De Andrés Ibanez, J.A., Diago, L.G., José Hernández Cádiz, M., Manuel, G.G., Peris, R., Saiz, C., Vivo, J.T., Soto, MTT, Brunete, T., Cancho, D., Delgado García, D.R., Zamudio, D., Del Valle, S.G., Serrano, M.L., Alonso, E., Anillo, V., Maseda, E., Salgado, P., Suarez, L., Suarez-de-la-Rica, A., Villagrán, M.J., Alonso, J.I., Cabezuelo, E., Garcia-Saiz, I., Lopez Del Moral, O., Martín, S., Gonzalez, A.P., Doncel, MST, Vera, M.A., José Ávila Sánchez, F., Castaño, B., Moreira, B.C., Risco, S.F., Martín, D.P., Martín, F.P., Poza, P., Ruiz, A., Serna Martínez, W.F., Vicente, B.V., Dominguez, S.V., Fernández, S., Munoz-López, A., Bernat, M.J., Mas, A., Planas, K., Jawad, M., Saeed, Y., Hedin, A., Levander, H., Holmström, S., Lönn, D., Zoerner, F., Åkring, I., Widmark, C., Zettergren, J., Liljequist, V.A., Nystrom, L., Odeberg-Wernerman, S., Oldner, A., Fagerlund, M.J., Reje, P., Lyckner, S., Sperber, J., Adolfsson, A., Klarin, B., Ögren, K., Barras, J.P., Bührer, T., Despotidis, V., Helmy, N., Holliger, S., Raptis, D.A., Schmid, R., Meyer, A., Jaquet, Y., Kessler, U., Muradbegovic, M., Nahum, S.R., Rotunno, T., Schiltz, B., Voruz, F., Worreth, M., Christoforidis, D., Popeskou, S.G., Furrer, M., Prevost, G.A., Stocker, A., Lang, K., Breitenstein, S., Ganter, M.T., Geisen, M., Soll, C., Korkmaz, M., Lubach, I., Schmitz, M., Meyer Zu Schwabedissen, M., Moritz, MZS, Zingg, U., Hillermann, T., Wildi, S., Pinto, B.B., Walder, B., Mariotti, G., Slankamenac, K., Namuyuga, M., Kyomugisha, E., Kituuka, O., Shikanda, A.W., Kakembo, N., Tom, C.O., Antonina, W., Bua, E., Ssettabi, E.M., Epodoi, J., Kabagenyi, F., Kirya, F., Dempsey, G., Seasman, C., Nawaz Khan, R.B., Kurasz, C., Macgregor, M., Shawki, B., Francis, D., Hariharan, V., Chau, S., Ellis, K., Butt, G., Chicken, D.W., Christmas, N., Allen, S., Daniel, G.D., Dempster, A., Kemp, J., Matthews, L., Mcglone, P., Tambellini, J., Trodd, D., Freitas, K., Garg, A., Gupta, J.K., Karpate, S., O'Hara, C., Troko, J., Angus, K., Bradley, J., Brennan, E., Brooks, C., Brown, J., Brown, G., Finch, A., Gratrix, K., Hesketh, S., Hill, G., Jeffs, C., Morgan, M., Pemberton, C., Slawson, N., Spickett, H., Swarbrick, G., Van Duyvenvoorde, G., Brennan, A., Briscoe, R., Cooper, S., Lawton, T., Northey, M., Senaratne, R., Stanworth, H., Burrows, L., Cain, H., Craven, R., Davies, K., Jonas, A., Pachucki, M., Walkden, G., Davies, H., Gudaca, M., Hobrok, M., Arawwawala, D., Fergey, L., Gardiner, M., Gunn, J., Johnson, L., Lofting, A., Lyle, A., Neela, F.M., Smolen, S., Topliffe, J., Williams, S., Bland, M., Balaji, P., Kaura, V., Lanka, P., Ahmed, A., Myatt, J., Shenoy, R., Soon, W.C., Tan, J., Karadia, S., Self, J., Durant, E., Tripathi, S., Bullock, C., Ghosh, A., Hughes, T., Zsisku, L., Bengeri, S., Cowton, A., Khalid, M.S., Limb, J., McAdam, C., Porritt, M., Rafi, M.A., Shekar, P., Adams, D., Harden, C., Hollands, H., King, A., March, L., Minto, G., Patrick, A., Squire, R., Waugh, D., Kumara, P., Simeson, K., Yarwood, J., Browning, J., Hatton, J., Julian, H., Mitra, A., Newton, M., Pernu, P.K., Wilson, A., Commey, T., Foot, H., Glover, L., Gupta, A., Lancaster, N., Levin, J., Mackenzie, F., Mestanza, C., Nofal, E., Pout, L., Varden, R., Wild, J., Jones, S., Moreton, S., Pulletz, M., Davies, C., Martin, M., Thomas, S., Burns, K., McArthur, C., Patel, P., Lau, G., Rich, N., Davis, F., Lyons, R., Port, B., Prout, R., Smith, C., Adelaja, Y., Bennett, V., Bidd, H., Dumitrescu, A., Murphy, J.F., Keen, A., Mguni, N., Ong, C., Adams, G., Boshier, P., Brown, R., Butryn, I., Chatterjee, J., Freethy, A., Lockwood, G., Tsakok, M., Tsiligiannis, S., Peat, W., Stephenson, L., Bradburn, M., Pick, S., Cunha, P., Olagbaiye, O., Tayeh, S., Packianathaswamy, B., Abernethy, C., Balasubramaniam, M., Bennett, R., Bolton, D., Martinson, V., Naylor, C., Bell, S., Heather, B., Kushakovsky, V., Alcock, L., Alexander, H., Anderson, C., Baker, P., Brookes, M., Cawthorn, L., Cirstea, E., Clarkson, R., Colling, K., Coulter, I., Das, S., Haigh, K., Hamdan, A., Hugill, K., Kottam, L., Lisseter, E., Mawdsley, M., McGivern, J., Padala, K., Phelps, V., Ramesh Kumar, V., Stewart, K., Towse, K., Tregonning, J., Vahedi, A., Walker, A., Baines, D., Bilolikar, A., Chande, S., Copley, E., Dunk, N., Kulkarni, R., Kumar, P., Metodiev, Y., Ncomanzi, D., Raithatha, B., Raymode, P., Szafranski, J., Twohey, L., Watt, P., Weatherall, L., Weatherill, J., Whitman, Z., Wighton, E., Abayasinghe, C., Chan, A., Darwish, S., Gill, J., Glasgow, E., Hadfield, D., Harris, C., Hopkins, P., Kochhar, A., Kunst, G., Mellis, C., Pool, A., Riozzi, P., Selman, A., Smith, E.J., Vele, L., Gercek, Y., Guy, K., Holden, D., Watson, N., Whysall, K., Andreou, P., Hales, D., Thompson, J., Bowrey, S., McDonald, S., Gilmore, J., Hills, V., Kelly, C., Kelly, S., Lloyd, G., Abbott, T., Gall, L., Torrance, H., Vivian, M., Berntsen, E., Nolan, T., Turner, A., Vohra, A., Brown, A., Clark, R., Coughlan, E., Daniel, C., Patvardhan, C., Pearson, R., Predeep, S., Saad, H., Shanmugam, M., Varley, S., Wylie, K., Cooper, L., Makowski, A., Misztal, B., Moldovan, E., Pegg, C., Donovan, A., Foot, J., Large, S., Claxton, A., Netke, B., Armstrong, R., Calderwood, C., Kwok, A., Mohr, O., Oyeniyi, P., Patnaik, L., Post, B., Ali, S., Arshad, H., Baker, G., Brenner, L., Brincat, M., Brunswicker, A., Cox, H., Cozar, O.I., Cheong, E., Durst, A., Fengas, L., Flatt, J., Glister, G., Narwani, V., Photi, E., Rankin, A., Rosbergen, M., Beaton, C., Horn, R., Hunt, J., Rousseau, G., Stancombe, L., Absar, M., Allsop, J., Drinkwater, Z., Hodgkiss, T., Smith, K., Alexander-Sefre, F., Campey, L., Dudgeon, L., Hall, K., Hitchcock, R., James, L., Winstone, U., Ahmad, N., Bauchmuller, K., Harrison, J., Jeffery, H., Miller, D., Pinder, A., Pothuneedi, S., Rosser, J., Sanghera, S., Swift, D., Walker, R., Bester, D., Cavanagh, S., Cripps, H., Daniel, H., Lynch, J., Pyke, S., Scholefield, J., Whitworth, H., Bottrill, F., Ramalingam, G., Webb, S., Akerman, N., Antill, P., Bourner, L., Buckley, S., Castle, G., Charles, R., Eggleston, C., Foster, R., Gill, S., Lindley, K., Lklouk, M., Lowery, T., Martin, O., Milne, D., O'Connor, P., Ratcliffe, A., Rose, A., Smith, A., Varma, S., Ward, J., Barcraft-Barnes, H., Camsooksai, J., Colvin, C., Reschreiter, H., Tbaily, L., Venner, N., Hamilton, C., Kelly, L., Toth-Tarsoly, P., Dodsworth, K., Foord, D., Gordon, P., Hawes, E., Lamb, N., Mouland, J., Nightingale, J., Rose, S., Schrieber, J., Al'Amri, K., Aladin, H., Arshad, M.A., Barraclough, J., Bentley, C., Bergin, C., Carrera, R., Clarkson, A., Collins, M., Denham, S., Griffiths, E., Ip, P., Jeyanthan, S., Joory, K., Kaur, S., Marriott, P., Mitchell, N., Nagaiah, S., Nilsson, A., Parekh, N., Pope, M., Seager, J., Serag, H., Tameem, A., Thomas, A., Thunder, J., Torrance, A., Vohra, R., Whitehouse, A., Wong, T., Blunt, M., Wong, K., Giles, J., Reed, I., Weller, D., Bell, G., Birch, J., Damant, R., Maiden, J., Mewies, C., Prince, C., Radford, J., Reynolds, T., Balain, B., Banerjee, R., Barnett, A., Burston, B., Edwards, J., Evans, C., Ford, D., Gallacher, P., Hill, S., Jaffray, D., Karlakki, S., Kennedy, J., Kiely, N., Lewthwaite, S., Marquis, C., Ockendon, M., Phillips, S., Pickard, S., Richardson, J., Roach, R., Smith, T., Spencer-Jones, R., Steele, N., Steen, J., Van Liefland, M., White, S., Faulds, M., Harris, M., Nicol, S., Pearson, S.A., Chukkambotla, S., Andrew, A., Attrill, E., Campbell, G., Datson, A., Fouracres, A., Graterol, J., Graves, L., Hong, B., Ishimaru, A., Karthikeyan, A., King, H., Lawson, T., Lee, G., Lyons, S., Hall, A.M., Mathoulin, S., Mcintyre, E., Mclaughlin, D., Mulcahy, K., Paddle, J., Robbins, J., Sung, W., Tayo, A., Trembath, L., Venugopal, S., Wigmore, G., Boereboom, C., Downes, C., Humphries, R., Melbourne, S., Tou, S., Ullah, S., Batchelor, N., Boxall, L., Broomby, R., Deen, T., Hellewell, A., Helliwell, L., Hutchings, M., Hutchins, D., Keenan, S., Mackie, D., Potter, A., Smith, F., Stone, L., Thorpe, K., Wassall, R., Woodgate, A., Baillie, S., Campbell, T., James, S., King, C., Marques de Araujo, D., Martin, D., Morkane, C., Neely, J., Rajendram, R., Burton, M., James, K., Keevil, E., Minik, O., Morgan, J., Musgrave, A., Rajanna, H., Roberts, T., Adamson, M., Jumbe, S., Kendall, J., Muthuswamy, M.B., Cruikshanks, A., Wrench, I., Zeidan, L., Ardern, D., Harris, B., Hellstrom, J., Martin, J., Thomas, R., Varsani, N., Brown, C.W., Docherty, P., Gillies, M., McGregor, E., Usher, H., Craig, J., Ahmad, T., Bodger, P., Creary, T., Fowler, A., Ijuo, E., Jones, T., Kantsedikas, I., Lahiri, S., McLean, A.L., Niebrzegowska, E., Phull, M., Wickboldt, N., Baldwin, J., Doyle, D., Mcmullan, S., Oladapo, M., Owen, T., Williams, A., Gregory, P., Husain, T., Kirk-Bayley, J., Mathers, E., Montague, L., Harper, M., Jack, J., Ridley, C., Avis, J., Cook, T., Dali-Kemmery, L., Kerslake, I., Lambourne, V., Pearson, A., Boyd, C., Callaghan, M., Lawson, C., McCrossan, R., Nesbitt, V., O'connor, L., Sinclair, R., Farid, N., Morgese, C., Bhatia, K., Karmarkar, S., Ahmed, J., Branagan, G., Hutton, M., Swain, A., Brookes, J., Cornell, J., Dolan, R., Hulme, J., Jansen van Vuuren, A., Jowitt, T., Kalashetty, G., Lloyd, F., Patel, K., Sherwood, N., Brown, L., Chandler, B., Deighton, K., Emma, T., Haunch, K., Cheeseman, M., Dent, K., Gray, C., Hood, M., Jones, D., Juj, J., Rao, R., Walker, T., Al Anizi, M., Cheah, C., Cheing, Y., Coutinho, F., Gondo, P., Hadebe, B., Hove, M.O., Khader, A., Krishnachetty, B., Rhodes, K., Sokhi, J., Baker, K.A., Bertram, W., Looseley, A., Mouton, R., Hanna, G., Arnold, G., Arya, S., Balfoussia, D., Baxter, L., Harris, J., Jones, C., Knaggs, A., Markar, S., Perera, A., Scott, A., Shida, A., Sirha, R., Wright, S., Frost, V., Andrews, E., Arrandale, L., Barrett, S., Cifra, E., Cooper, M., Dragnea, D., Elna, C., Maclean, J., Meier, S., Milliken, D., Munns, C., Ratanshi, N., Ramessur, S., Salvana, A., Watson, A., Ali, H., Critchley, R., Endersby, S., Hicks, C., Liddle, A., Pass, M., Ritchie, C., Thomas, C., Too, L., Welsh, S., Gill, T., Johnson, J., Reed, J., Davis, E., Papadopoullos, S., Attwood, C., Biffen, A., Boulton, K., Gray, S., Hay, D., Mills, S., Montgomery, J., Riddell, R., Simpson, J., Bhardwaj, N., Paul, E., Uwubamwen, N., Alexander, M., Arrich, J., Arumugam, S., Blackwood, D., Boggiano, V., Chan, Y.L., Chatterjee, D., Chhabra, A., Christian, R., Costelloe, H., Matthewman, M.C., Dalton, E., Darko, J., Davari, M., Dave, T., Deacon, M., Deepak, S., Edmond, H., Ellis, J., El-Sayed, A., Eneje, P., English, R., Ewe, R., Foers, W., Franklin, J., Gallego, L., Garrett, E., Goldberg, O., Goss, H., Greaves, R., Harris, R., Hennings, C., Jones, E., Kamali, N., Kokkinos, N., Lewis, C., Lignos, L., Malgapo, E.V., Malik, R., Milne, A., Mulligan, J.P., Nicklin, P., Palipane, N., Parsons, T., Piper, R., Prakash, R., Ramesh, B., Rasip, S., Reading, J., Rela, M., Reyes, A., Stephens, R., Rooms, M., Shah, K., Simons, H., Solanki, S., Spowart, E., Stevens, A., Waggett, H., Yassaee, A., Kennedy, A., Scott, S., Somanath, S., Berg, A., Hernandez, M., Nanda, R., Tank, G., Wilson, N., Wilson, D., Al-Soudaine, Y., Baldwin, M., Cornish, J., Davies, Z., Davies, L., Edwards, M., Frewer, N., Gallard, S., Glasbey, J., Harries, R., Hopkins, L., Kim, T., Koompirochana, V., Lawson, S., Lewis, M., Makzal, Z., Scourfield, S., Ahmad, Y., Bates, S., Blackwell, C., Bryant, H., Collins, H., Coulter, S., Cruickshank, R., Daniel, S., Daubeny, T., Golder, K., Hawkins, L., Helen, B., Hinxman, H., Levett, D., Salmon, K., Seaward, L., Skinner, B., Tyrell, B., Wadams, B., Walsgrove, J., Dickson, J., Constantin, K., Karen, M., O'Brien, P., O'Donohoe, L., Payne, H., Sundayi, S., Walker, E., Brooke, J., Cardy, J., Humphreys, S., Kessack, L., Kubitzek, C., Kumar, S., Cotterill, D., Hodzovic, E., Hosdurga, G., Miles, E., Saunders, G., Campbell, M., Chan, P., Jemmett, K., Raj, A., Naik, A., Oshowo, A., Ramamoorthy, R., Shah, N., Sylvan, A., Blyth, K., Burtenshaw, A., Freeman, D., Johnson, E., Lo, P., Martin, T., Plunkett, E., Wollaston, J., Allison, J., Carroll, C., Craw, N., Craw, S., Pitt-Kerby, T., Rowland-Axe, R., Spurdle, K., McDonald, A., Simon, D., Sinha, V., Banner-Goodspeed, V., Boone, M., Campbell, K., Lu, F., Scannell, J., Sobol, J., Balajonda, N., Clemmons, K., Conde, C., Elgasim, M., Funk, B., Hopkins, T., Olaleye, O., Omer, O., Pender, M., Porto, A., Waweru, P., Yeh, E., Bodansky, D., Evans, A., Kleopoulos, S., Maril, R., Mathney, E., Sanchez, A., Tinuoye, E., Bateman, B., Eng, K., Jiang, N., Ladha, K., Needleman, J., Chen, L.L., Lane, R., Robinowitz, D., Ghushe, N., Irshad, M., O'Connor, J., Patel, S., Takemoto, S., Wallace, A., Mazzeffi, M., Rock, P., Wallace, K., Chua, P., Mattera, M., Sharar, R., Thilen, S., Treggiari, M., Morgan, A., Sofjan, I., Subramaniam, K., Avidan, M., Maybrier, H., Muench, M., and Wildes, T.
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Male ,Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ,Hospital mortality ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,surgery ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,cohort studies ,030202 anesthesiology ,patient safety ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Postoperative Period ,Medicine(all) ,Middle Aged ,Checklist ,3. Good health ,Treatment Outcome ,operative/mortality ,Elective Surgical Procedures ,Surgical Procedures, Operative ,Meta-analysis ,Cohort ,Cohort studies ,Female ,Elective Surgical Procedure ,postoperative care/methods ,postoperative care/statistics and numerical data ,surgical procedures ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Evidence-based medicine ,NO ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,medicine ,postoperative care/method ,Humans ,Elective Surgical Procedures/standards ,Aged ,Cohort Studies ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Hospital Mortality ,Patient Safety ,Postoperative Complications/mortality ,Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ,Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Surgery ,Observational study ,business ,cohort studie - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool.METHODS: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32-0.77); PCONCLUSIONS: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.
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- 2018
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25. Inclusive Soundscapes: How Race, Socioeconomic Status and Maternal Age Influence the Pediatric Cochlear Implant Journey.
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Torres-Small S, Ward CN, Thurmond SL, Tomescu A, Smith R, Macdonald CB, Yawn R, Smith SH, Warren SE, and Richard C
- Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess how race, social vulnerability, and maternal age influence pediatric cochlear implant access and usage., Study Design: Retrospective cohort., Setting: Tertiary Pediatric University Hospital., Methods: This study included individuals aged 0 to 18 who received a cochlear implant at our center between the years 2000 and 2022. Social vulnerability data from 2020 was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., Results: Of the 302 patients included in our study, 43% were black and 50% were white. Patients from the highest to lowest social vulnerability quintiles comprised 31%, 25%, 18%, 10%, and 14% of our sample, respectively. Race was associated with social vulnerability index (SVI) (P < .001), with a mean score of 0.70 (±0.26) and 0.49 (±0.27) for black and white patients, respectively. Later age at hearing loss (HL) diagnosis and cochlear implantation (CI) were associated with more and most vulnerable SVI (P < .05). Delayed diagnosis was also associated with black and other racial groups (P = .041), and adolescent maternal age (P = .03). Greater SVI was associated with less daily cochlear implant usage (P = .004). The most vulnerable patients were more likely to be lost to follow-up (P = .03) despite no difference based on maternal age (P = .59) and insurance status (P = .47)., Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of mitigating disparities in timely diagnosis of HL, consistent CI usage, and appropriate follow-up care. This is a first step toward the formulation of novel strategies aimed at overcoming barriers and developing appropriate intervention programs., (© 2024 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.)
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- 2024
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26. The Silva pattern-based classification for HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma: A single institution concordance study of trainees and gynecologic pathologists.
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Felicelli C, Smith SH, Griffin B, Grubs A, Strom D, Shanes E, Strickland A, Purdy J, Novo JE, Wei JJ, and Blanco LZ Jr
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- Humans, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Gynecology education, Reproducibility of Results, Observer Variation, Aged, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms virology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms pathology, Adenocarcinoma virology, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Papillomavirus Infections pathology, Papillomavirus Infections virology, Papillomavirus Infections complications, Pathologists
- Abstract
The Silva pattern-based classification of HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma has become an integral part of the histologic assessment of these tumors. Unfortunately, the Silva system reproducibility has had mixed results in past studies, and clinical practice still favors the FIGO stage assessment in directing therapeutic interventions for patients. In our study, we aimed to assess our institution's concordance including not only gynecologic pathologists, but also pathology trainees through a series of 69 cases. The grouped total kappa concordance from all participants was 0.439 (Moderate), with an overall trainee kappa of 0.417 (moderate) and an overall pathologist kappa of 0.460 (moderate). Perfect concordance among all 10 study participants was seen in 8/69 cases (11.6 %), corresponding to 5/22 Pattern A cases (22.7 %), 0/16 Pattern B cases (0 %), and 3/31 Pattern C cases (9.7 %), with similar findings between trainees and pathologists when compared within their own cohorts. Recurrence was identified in 2 Pattern A cases, indicating a potential issue with limited excisional specimens which may not fully appreciate the true biologic aggressiveness of the lesions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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27. The p21 + perinecrotic hepatocytes produce the chemokine CXCL14 after a severe acetaminophen overdose promoting hepatocyte injury and delaying regeneration.
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Umbaugh DS, Nguyen NT, Smith SH, Ramachandran A, and Jaeschke H
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- Animals, Humans, Male, Female, Mice, Liver Regeneration drug effects, Drug Overdose, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic toxicity, Acetaminophen toxicity, Hepatocytes drug effects, Hepatocytes metabolism, Hepatocytes pathology, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury pathology, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury metabolism, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 metabolism, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 genetics, Chemokines, CXC metabolism, Chemokines, CXC genetics, Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Abstract
Fifty percent of all acute liver failure (ALF) cases in the United States are due to acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Assessment of canonical features of liver injury, such as plasma alanine aminotransferase activities are poor predictors of acute liver failure (ALF), suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms independent of hepatocyte death. Previous work demonstrated a severe overdose of APAP results in impaired regeneration, the induction of senescence by p21, and increased mortality. We hypothesized that a discrete population of p21
+ hepatocytes acquired a secretory phenotype that directly impedes liver recovery after a severe APAP overdose. Leveraging in-house human APAP explant liver and publicly available single-nuclei RNAseq data, we identified a subpopulation of p21+ hepatocytes enriched in a unique secretome of factors, such as CXCL14. Spatial transcriptomics in the mouse model of APAP overdose confirmed the presence of a p21+ hepatocyte population that directly surrounded the necrotic areas. In both male and female mice, we found a dose-dependent induction of p21 and persistent circulating levels of the p21-specific constituent, CXCL14, in the plasma after a severe APAP overdose. In parallel experiments, we targeted either the putative senescent hepatocytes with the senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, or CXCL14 with a neutralizing antibody. We found that targeting CXCL14 greatly enhanced liver recovery after APAP-induced liver injury, while targeting senescent hepatocytes had no effect. These data support the conclusion that the sustained induction of p21 in hepatocytes with persistent CXCL14 secretion are critical mechanistic events leading to ALF in mice and human patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Hartmut Jaeschke reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Anup Ramachandran reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. David S. Umbaugh reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Hartmut Jaeschke reports a relationship with Johnson & Johnson Consumer Health that includes: consulting or advisory, funding grants, and travel reimbursement. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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28. Potential Toxicity of Boric Acid Powder Otic Insufflation.
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Smith SH and Antonelli PJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Powders, Prospective Studies, Boric Acids toxicity, Insufflation adverse effects
- Abstract
Objective: Boric acid (BA) powder is commonly used to treat otologic conditions, such as mastoid bowl inflammation and chronic otitis externa. Exposure to 50 mg per day is thought to cause systemic toxicity in humans. Inflamed skin and mucosal surfaces readily absorb BA. The aim of this study was to measure the doses of BA commonly used in clinical otology and alert the otolaryngology community to BA's underappreciated potential source of systemic toxicity., Study Design: Prospective, controlled., Setting: Laboratory., Methods: BA dose administration was measured by weighing the BA generated by common insufflators: accordion bellows, House-Sheehy insufflator, DeVilbiss insufflator, and pneumatic powder blower. Manual insufflation was performed with 3 compressions of the bulb. The pneumatic blower was sprayed for 1 second. Measurements were repeated 10 times., Results: The DeVilbiss insufflator delivered the lowest mean BA dose, 6.1 mg (SD 3.4, range 2.1-13.7), followed by the House-Sheehy 8.9 mg (SD 8.4, range 1.6-27.8), the pneumatic blower 192.8 mg (SD 38.3, range 150.0-261.7), and the accordion, 284.1 mg (SD 215.0, range 37.8-730.8)., Conclusion: BA dose delivery is highly variable by insufflator type, and doses thought to cause systemic toxicity are commonly generated. Awareness of and further investigation into the potential toxicity of otic administration of BA seems warranted., (© 2023 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.)
- Published
- 2024
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29. Evaluating the role of sexual antagonism in the evolution of sex chromosomes: new data from fish.
- Author
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Smith SH, Hsiung K, and Böhne A
- Subjects
- Animals, Genomics, Fishes genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Sex Determination Processes genetics, Sex Chromosomes genetics, Genome
- Abstract
The recent increase in available molecular and genomic data for diverse taxa helps to shed new light on long-standing theories. Research into sex chromosome evolution has particularly benefited from a growing number of studies of fish, motivated by their highly diverse mechanisms of sex determination. Sexual antagonism is regularly cited as an influential force in sex chromosome emergence; however, this so far proves difficult to demonstrate. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the investigation of sexual antagonism in sex chromosome research in fish. We find strong emphasis placed on study-organism specific genomic features and patterns of recombination, rather than evidence for a comprehensive role of sexual antagonism. In this light, we discuss the alternative models of sex chromosome evolution. We conclude that fish represents a key resource for further research, provided attention is given to species-specific effects while simultaneously integrating comparative studies across taxa for a vital and comprehensive understanding of sex chromosome evolution and investigation of proposed models., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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30. Modulation of Disease-Associated Pathways in Hidradenitis Suppurativa by the Janus Kinase 1 Inhibitor Povorcitinib: Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Two Phase 2 Studies.
- Author
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Liu H, Santos LL, and Smith SH
- Subjects
- Humans, Transcriptome, Janus Kinase 1 genetics, Janus Kinase 1 metabolism, Proteomics, Skin metabolism, Hidradenitis Suppurativa drug therapy, Hidradenitis Suppurativa genetics, Hidradenitis Suppurativa pathology
- Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling (STAT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). This study evaluated treatment-related transcriptomic and proteomic changes in patients with moderate-to-severe HS treated with the investigational oral JAK1-selective inhibitor povorcitinib (INCB054707) in two phase 2 trials. Lesional skin punch biopsies (baseline and Week 8) were taken from active HS lesions of patients receiving povorcitinib (15 or 30 mg) once daily (QD) or a placebo. RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analyses were used to evaluate the effects of povorcitinib on differential gene expression among previously reported gene signatures from HS and wounded skin. The number of differentially expressed genes was the greatest in the 30 mg povorcitinib QD dose group, consistent with the published efficacy results. Notably, the genes impacted reflected JAK/STAT signaling transcripts downstream of TNF-α signaling, or those regulated by TGF-β. Proteomic analyses were conducted on blood samples obtained at baseline and Weeks 4 and 8 from patients receiving povorcitinib (15, 30, 60, or 90 mg) QD or placebo. Povorcitinib was associated with transcriptomic downregulation of multiple HS and inflammatory signaling markers as well as the reversal of gene expression previously associated with HS lesional and wounded skin. Povorcitinib also demonstrated dose-dependent modulation of several proteins implicated in HS pathophysiology, with changes observed by Week 4. The reversal of HS lesional gene signatures and rapid, dose-dependent protein regulation highlight the potential of JAK1 inhibition to modulate underlying disease pathology in HS.
- Published
- 2023
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31. Bioengineered 3D Skeletal Muscle Model Reveals Complement 4b as a Cell-Autonomous Mechanism of Impaired Regeneration with Aging.
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Wang K, Smith SH, Iijima H, Hettinger ZR, Mallepally A, Shroff SG, and Ambrosio F
- Subjects
- Animals, Aging physiology, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Muscle Contraction, Mammals, Complement C4b, Muscle, Skeletal
- Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of cell-autonomous skeletal muscle changes after injury can lead to novel interventions to improve functional recovery in an aged population. However, major knowledge gaps persist owing to limitations of traditional biological aging models. 2D cell culture represents an artificial environment, while aging mammalian models are contaminated by influences from non-muscle cells and other organs. Here, a 3D muscle aging system is created to overcome the limitations of these traditional platforms. It is shown that old muscle constructs (OMC) manifest a sarcopenic phenotype, as evidenced by hypotrophic myotubes, reduced contractile function, and decreased regenerative capacity compared to young muscle constructs. OMC also phenocopy the regenerative responses of aged muscle to two interventions, pharmacological and biological. Interrogation of muscle cell-specific mechanisms that contribute to impaired regeneration over time further reveals that an aging-induced increase of complement component 4b (C4b) delays muscle progenitor cell amplification and impairs functional recovery. However, administration of complement factor I, a C4b inactivator, improves muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo, indicating that C4b inhibition may be a novel approach to enhance aged muscle repair. Collectively, the model herein exhibits capabilities to study cell-autonomous changes in skeletal muscle during aging, regeneration, and intervention., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2023
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32. Infection of juvenile falcons (Falco spp.) with intestinal Lawsonia intracellularis.
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Wencel P, Smith SH, Couck L, Hellebuyck T, Scott PC, and McOrist S
- Subjects
- Animals, Lawsonia Bacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae Infections epidemiology, Desulfovibrionaceae Infections veterinary, Falconiformes
- Abstract
Intestinal infection of many host species with Lawsonia intracellularis are widely reported. Analyses of infections among carnivorous falcons have not previously been reported. Fifty juvenile captive falcons (Falco spp.) with or without Lawsonia infection were investigated in the United Arab Emirates, including clinical laboratory methods. Fresh intestinal biopsy samples were analysed by microbiological techniques for Lawsonia and other bacteria and by standard parasitological and pathological methods. Lawsonia intracellularis infection was diagnosed by microbiological examination and qPCR in 10 of 50 juvenile falcons at case examination. Seven of these 10 falcons were of normal clinical appearance, and the other three had other contributing factors to ill-thrift. A range of other conditions were noted in 40 case control falcons. This first report of Lawsonia infection in falcons suggests that the agent may have a limited contribution to clinical disease in these birds, including ill-thrift syndromes. This lack of clinical disease association mimics that noted among Lawsonia infections recorded in other avian families., (© 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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33. The role of PRAME and NY-ESO-1 as potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast carcinomas.
- Author
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See SHC, Smith SH, Finkelman BS, LaBoy C, Novo JE, Siziopikou KP, and Blanco LZ Jr
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Antibodies, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Antigens, Neoplasm metabolism, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
PRAME and NY-ESO-1 are cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) reported to be highly enriched in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), against which vaccines and immunotherapies are currently being developed. This study aims to analyze PRAME and NY-ESO-1 expression in TNBCs and their correlation with clinical outcomes. This is a retrospective cohort study of TNBC patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PRAME and NY-ESO-1 expression were assessed on pre-therapy biopsies as H-scores (percentage x intensity) with final H scores of 2-3 considered as positive. Association between expression and pathologic complete response (pCR), metastasis, and residual cancer burden (RCB) were assessed via logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association with progression-free survival. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Sixty-three percent of 76 patients were positive for PRAME. In contrast, only 5 % were positive for NY-ESO-1. PRAME positivity was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of early metastatic disease (OR = 0.24, 95 % CI 0.08-0.62; P = 0.005). However, it was not significantly associated with pCR, RCB category, or progression-free survival. NY-ESO1 score was not significantly associated with early metastatic disease, pCR, RCB category, or progression-free survival. Our results suggest that PRAME positivity may be associated with a lower risk of early metastasis in TNBCs, but not with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or progression-free survival. The high expression of PRAME in TNBCs makes it a potential therapeutic target, while NY-ESO1 appears to be a less useful marker. However, further larger studies are needed to ascertain the utility of these markers., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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34. Lung injury caused by aspiration of organophosphorus insecticide and gastric contents in pigs.
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Hulse EJ, Clutton RE, Drummond G, Thompson AP, van Beek EJR, Smith SH, and Eddleston M
- Subjects
- Albumins, Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Gastrointestinal Contents, Humans, Lung, Organophosphorus Compounds, Swine, Swine, Miniature, Insecticides toxicity, Lung Injury chemically induced, Organophosphate Poisoning
- Abstract
Introduction: Patients who require mechanical ventilation after self-poisoning with ingested organophosphorus (OP) insecticides often die. Aspiration of stomach contents may contribute to lung injury and lethality. This study was designed to assess the severity of direct and indirect pulmonary injury created by pulmonary instillation of mixtures of OP insecticide, solvent (Solv) and porcine gastric juice (GJ) compared to controls., Methods: Terminally anaesthetised minipigs (groups n = 5) were exposed to sham bronchoscopy or given mixtures (0.5 mL/kg) of: saline, GJ, OP insecticide and GJ (OP + GJ), or Solv and GJ (Solv + GJ), placed into the right lung, and monitored for 48 h. Lung injury was assessed through analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), computed tomography and histopathology., Results: OP + GJ created a direct lung injury consisting of neutrophil infiltration, oedema and haemorrhage, as well as indirect injury to the other lung. OP + GJ directly-injured lung parenchyma had increased concentrations of BALF protein, albumin, IL-6, IL-8 and C-reactive protein (CRP) at 24 h ( p < 0.05), and BALF protein, albumin and CRP at 48 h ( p < 0.05), when compared with controls. Aspiration of GJ produced similar direct effects to OP + GJ but less indirect lung injury. Lung injury was less severe after Solv + GJ, for combined lung histopathology scores (vs. OP + GJ, p < 0.05) and for the proportion of directly-injured lung that was poorly/non-aerated at 48 h., Conclusion: Pulmonary instillation of OP + GJ created more lung damage than controls or Solv + GJ. In patients with severe OP insecticide poisoning and reduced consciousness, early airway protection is likely to reduce pulmonary damage.
- Published
- 2022
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35. Genomics of altitude-associated wing shape in two tropical butterflies.
- Author
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Montejo-Kovacevich G, Salazar PA, Smith SH, Gavilanes K, Bacquet CN, Chan YF, Jiggins CD, Meier JI, and Nadeau NJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Genomics, Phenotype, Pigmentation, Altitude, Butterflies anatomy & histology, Butterflies genetics, Wings, Animal anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Understanding how organisms adapt to their local environment is central to evolution. With new whole-genome sequencing technologies and the explosion of data, deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are ecologically relevant is becoming increasingly feasible. Here, we studied the genomic basis of wing shape in two Neotropical butterflies that inhabit large geographical ranges. Heliconius butterflies at high elevations have been shown to generally have rounder wings than those in the lowlands. We reared over 1,100 butterflies from 71 broods of H. erato and H. melpomene in common-garden conditions and showed that wing aspect ratio, that is, elongatedness, is highly heritable in both species and that elevation-associated wing aspect ratio differences are maintained. Genome-wide associations with a published data set of 666 whole genomes from across a hybrid zone, uncovered a highly polygenic basis to wing aspect ratio variation in the wild. We identified several genes that have roles in wing morphogenesis or wing aspect ratio variation in Drosophila flies, making them promising candidates for future studies. There was little evidence for molecular parallelism in the two species, with only one shared candidate gene, nor for a role of the four known colour pattern loci, except for optix in H. erato. Thus, we present the first insights into the heritability and genomic basis of within-species wing aspect ratio in two Heliconius species, adding to a growing body of evidence that polygenic adaptation may underlie many ecologically relevant traits., (© 2021 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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36. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections Among Children in the Biospecimens from Respiratory Virus-Exposed Kids (BRAVE Kids) Study.
- Author
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Hurst JH, Heston SM, Chambers HN, Cunningham HM, Price MJ, Suarez L, Crew CG, Bose S, Aquino JN, Carr ST, Griffin SM, Smith SH, Jenkins K, Pfeiffer TS, Rodriguez J, DeMarco CT, De Naeyer NA, Gurley TC, Louzao R, Zhao C, Cunningham CK, Steinbach WJ, Denny TN, Lugo DJ, Moody MA, Permar SR, Rotta AT, Turner NA, Walter EB, Woods CW, and Kelly MS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Nasopharynx, Prospective Studies, Viral Load, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
Background: Child with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection typically have mild symptoms that do not require medical attention, leaving a gap in our understanding of the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-related illnesses that the viruses causes in children., Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of children and adolescents (aged <21 years) with a SARS-CoV-2-infected close contact. We collected nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs at enrollment and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay., Results: Of 382 children, 293 (77%) were SARS-CoV-2-infected. SARS-CoV-2-infected children were more likely to be Hispanic (P < .0001), less likely to have asthma (P = .005), and more likely to have an infected sibling contact (P = .001) than uninfected children. Children aged 6-13 years were frequently asymptomatic (39%) and had respiratory symptoms less often than younger children (29% vs 48%; P = .01) or adolescents (29% vs 60%; P < .001). Compared with children aged 6-13 years, adolescents more frequently reported influenza-like (61% vs 39%; P < .001) , and gastrointestinal (27% vs 9%; P = .002), and sensory symptoms (42% vs 9%; P < .0001) and had more prolonged illnesses (median [interquartile range] duration: 7 [4-12] vs 4 [3-8] days; P = 0.01). Despite the age-related variability in symptoms, wWe found no difference in nasopharyngeal viral load by age or between symptomatic and asymptomatic children., Conclusions: Hispanic ethnicity and an infected sibling close contact are associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among children, while asthma is associated with decreased risk. Age-related differences in clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection must be considered when evaluating children for coronavirus disease 2019 and in developing screening strategies for schools and childcare settings., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2021
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37. Review of methods for the detection of Lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs.
- Author
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Campillo M, Smith SH, Gally DL, and Opriessnig T
- Subjects
- Animals, Desulfovibrionaceae Infections diagnosis, Desulfovibrionaceae Infections microbiology, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures instrumentation, Sus scrofa, Swine, Swine Diseases microbiology, Desulfovibrionaceae Infections veterinary, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures veterinary, Lawsonia Bacteria isolation & purification, Swine Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with enteric disease in pigs. Clinical signs include weight loss, diarrhea, and, in some cases, sudden death. The hallmark lesion is the thickening of the intestinal mucosa caused by increased epithelial cell replication, known as proliferative enteropathy. The immune response to L. intracellularis is not well defined, and detection of the infection, especially in the early stages, is still a significant challenge. We review here the main approaches used to identify this important but poorly understood pathogen. Detection of L. intracellularis infection as the cause of clinical disease is confounded by the high prevalence of the pathogen in many countries and that several other pathogens can produce similar clinical signs. A single L. intracellularis -specific ELISA and several amplification assays are available commercially to aid detection and surveillance, although histopathology remains the primary way to reach a conclusive diagnosis. There are major gaps in our understanding of L. intracellularis pathogenesis, especially how the host responds to infection and the factors that drive infection toward different clinical outcomes. Knowledge of pathogenesis will increase the predictive value of antemortem tests to guide appropriate interventions, including identification and treatment of subclinically affected pigs in the early stages of disease, given that this important manifestation reduces pig productivity and contributes to the economic burden of L. intracellularis worldwide.
- Published
- 2021
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38. Development of a histopathology scoring system for the pulmonary complications of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning in a pig model.
- Author
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Hulse EJ, Smith SH, Wallace WA, Dorward DA, Simpson AJ, Drummond G, Clutton RE, and Eddleston M
- Subjects
- Animals, Insecticides toxicity, Male, Organ Dysfunction Scores, Pilot Projects, Research Design, Swine, Swine, Miniature, Lung diagnostic imaging, Lung drug effects, Organophosphate Poisoning pathology, Organophosphorus Compounds toxicity
- Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticide self-poisoning causes over 100,000 global deaths annually. Around a third of patients are intubated and up to half of these can die. Post-mortem analysis of OP poisoned patients' lungs reveals consolidation, edema and hemorrhage, suggesting that direct or indirect lung damage may contribute to mortality. The lung injury caused by these formulated agricultural preparations is poorly characterised in humans, and a valid histopathology scoring system is needed in a relevant animal model to further investigate the disease and potential treatments. We conducted two pilot studies in anesthetized minipigs, which are commonly used for toxicological studies. In the first, pigs were given 2.5 mL/kg of either OP (n = 4) or saline (n = 2) by gavage and compared with positive controls (iv oleic acid n = 2). The second study simulated ingestion followed by gastric content aspiration: mixtures of OP (n = 3) or saline (n = 2) (0.63-0.71mL/kg) were placed in the stomach, and then small volumes of the gastric content were placed in the lung. At post-mortem examination, lungs were removed and inflation-fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. Samples (n = 62) were taken from cranial and caudal regions of both lungs. Two experienced lung histopathologists separately scored these samples using 8 proposed features of damage and their scores related (Kendall rank order). Two elements had small and inconsistent scores. When these were removed, the correlation increased from 0.74 to 0.78. Eight months later, a subset of samples (n = 35) was re-scored using the modified system by one of the previous histopathologists, with a correlation of 0.88. We have developed a reproducible pulmonary histopathology scoring system for OP poisoning in pigs which will assist future toxicological research and improve understanding and treatment of human OP poisoning., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
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39. Automated echocardiography for measuring and tracking cardiac output after cardiac surgery: a validation study.
- Author
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Juhl-Olsen P, Smith SH, Grejs AM, Jørgensen MRS, Bhavsar R, and Vistisen ST
- Subjects
- Cardiac Output, Echocardiography, Humans, Pulmonary Artery, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Thermodilution
- Abstract
Echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output with automated software analyses of spectral curves in the left ventricular outflow tract has been introduced. This study aimed to assess the precision and accuracy of cardiac output measurements as well as the ability to track cardiac output changes over time comparing the automated echocardiographic method with the continuous pulmonary artery thermodilution cardiac output technique and the manual echocardiographic method in cardiac surgery patients. Cardiac output was measured simultaneously with all three methods in 50 patients on the morning after cardiac surgery. A second comparison was performed 90-180 min later. Precisions for each method were measured. Bias and limits of agreement (LoA) between methods were assessed and concordance- and polar plots were used for evaluating trending of cardiac output. When comparing the automated echocardiographic method with the thermodilution technique, the mean bias was 0.72 L/min with LoA - 1.89; 3.33 L/min corresponding to a percentage error of 46%. The concordance rate was 47%. The mean bias between the automated- and the manual echocardiographic methods was - 0.06 L/min (95% LoA - 2.33; 2.21 L/min, percentage error 42%). The concordance rate was 79%. The automated echocardiographic method did not meet the criteria for interchangeability with the thermodilution technique or the manual echocardiographic method. Trending ability was poor when compared to the continuous thermodilution technique, but moderate when compared to the manual echocardiographic method.Trial registry number: NCT03372863. Retrospectively registered December 14th 2017.
- Published
- 2020
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40. Aerosol persistence in relation to possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
- Author
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Smith SH, Somsen GA, van Rijn C, Kooij S, van der Hoek L, Bem RA, and Bonn D
- Abstract
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 occurs through exhaled respiratory droplets from infected humans. Currently, however, there is much controversy over whether respiratory aerosol microdroplets play an important role as a route of transmission. By measuring and modeling the dynamics of exhaled respiratory droplets, we can assess the relative contribution of aerosols to the spreading of SARS-CoV-2. We measure size distribution, total numbers, and volumes of respiratory droplets, including aerosols, by speaking and coughing from healthy subjects. Dynamic modeling of exhaled respiratory droplets allows us to account for aerosol persistence times in confined public spaces. The probability of infection by inhalation of aerosols when breathing in the same space can then be estimated using current estimates of viral load and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. The current known reproduction numbers show a lower infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 compared to, for instance, measles, which is known to be efficiently transmitted through the air. In line with this, our study of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that aerosol transmission is a possible but perhaps not a very efficient route, in particular from non-symptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals that exhibit low viral loads., (© 2020 Author(s).)
- Published
- 2020
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41. Neutrophilia is associated with a poorer clinical outcome in dogs with chronic hepatitis.
- Author
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Breheny CR, Handel I, Banner S, Milne EM, Morrison LR, Smith SH, Kilpatrick S, Gow A, and Mellanby RJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Count, Dogs, Female, Hepatitis, Chronic blood, Hepatitis, Chronic complications, Leukocyte Disorders complications, Male, Prognosis, Survival, Dog Diseases blood, Hepatitis, Chronic veterinary, Leukocyte Disorders veterinary, Neutrophils
- Abstract
Background: Liver disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Currently, it is challenging to prognosticate in these cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the haematological variables in dogs with chronic hepatitis., Methods: Dogs with chronic hepatitis confirmed on histopathology had presenting haematological values retrospectively obtained and evaluated against survival time. Eighty-two dogs met the inclusion criteria and their data analysed., Results: Neutrophilic patients, with a count greater than 12×10
9 /l, controlled for sex and age, had a shorter survival time (P≤0.01). In dogs, neutrophilia at presentation predicted a poor outcome, whereas the other haematological parameters were not prognostically informative. When the dogs were split into even quarters on the basis of their neutrophil count, those within the higher quartiles had poorer survival times. Neutrophilia was associated with a poorer survival time in comparison to those patients with a lower count., Conclusion: The relationship between neutrophils, inflammation and clinical outcome is deserving of future study in dogs with chronic hepatitis., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© British Veterinary Association 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)- Published
- 2020
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42. SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Children in the Biospecimens from Respiratory Virus-Exposed Kids (BRAVE Kids) Study.
- Author
-
Hurst JH, Heston SM, Chambers HN, Cunningham HM, Price MJ, Suarez L, Crew CG, Bose S, Aquino JN, Carr ST, Griffin SM, Smith SH, Jenkins K, Pfeiffer TS, Rodriguez J, DeMarco CT, De Naeyer NA, Gurley TC, Louzao R, Cunningham CK, Steinbach WJ, Denny TN, Lugo DJ, Moody MA, Permar SR, Rotta AT, Turner NA, Walter EB, Woods CW, and Kelly MS
- Abstract
Background: Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection typically have mild symptoms that do not require medical attention, leaving a gap in our understanding of the spectrum of illnesses that the virus causes in children., Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of children and adolescents (<21 years of age) with a SARS-CoV-2-infected close contact. We collected nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs at enrollment and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using a real-time PCR assay., Results: Of 382 children, 289 (76%) were SARS-CoV-2-infected. SARS-CoV-2-infected children were more likely to be Hispanic (p<0.0001), less likely to have a history of asthma (p=0.009), and more likely to have an infected sibling contact (p=0.0007) than uninfected children. Children ages 6-13 years were frequently asymptomatic (38%) and had respiratory symptoms less often than younger children (30% vs. 49%; p=0.008) or adolescents (30% vs. 59%; p<0.0001). Compared to children ages 6-13 years, adolescents more frequently reported influenza-like (61% vs. 39%; p=0.002), gastrointestinal (26% vs. 9%; p=0.003), and sensory symptoms (43% vs. 9%; p<0.0001), and had more prolonged illnesses [median (IQR) duration: 7 (4, 12) vs. 4 (3, 8) days; p=0.004]. Despite the age-related variability in symptoms, we found no differences in nasopharyngeal viral load by age or between symptomatic and asymptomatic children., Conclusions: Hispanic ethnicity and an infected sibling close contact are associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among children, while a history of asthma is associated with decreased risk. Age-related differences in the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection must be considered when evaluating children for COVID-19 and in developing screening strategies for schools and childcare settings.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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43. Low rates of cascade genetic testing among families with hereditary gynecologic cancer: An opportunity to improve cancer prevention.
- Author
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Griffin NE, Buchanan TR, Smith SH, Leon AA, Meyer MF, Liu J, Tabak RG, Fuh KC, Thaker PH, Powell MA, Mutch DG, Massad LS, Colditz GA, and Hagemann AR
- Subjects
- Female, Genetic Testing statistics & numerical data, Germ-Line Mutation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Genetic Testing methods, Genital Neoplasms, Female genetics, Genital Neoplasms, Female prevention & control
- Abstract
Objective: Cascade genetic testing (CGT) of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) or Lynch Syndrome (LS) patients' relatives offers opportunities to prevent cancer, but CGT rates are not well described. We aimed to measure reported disclosure of genetic testing results and CGT rates in these families and evaluate patients' views of educational media., Methods: Patients with HBOC or LS identified from germline genetic testing at an academic institution between 2011 and 2016 were surveyed regarding disclosure, testing among relatives, and perceptions of educational materials. Medical records and pedigrees provided numbers of total and first-degree relatives., Results: Of 103 mutation carriers consented, 64 (63%) completed the survey an average of 38 months after receiving genetic testing results. Participants' mean age was 53 years, and thirty-one (48%) had a cancer diagnosis. The majority (86%) felt extremely or very comfortable sharing health information. Participants disclosed results to 87% of first-degree relatives, but reported that only 40% of first-degree relatives underwent testing. First-degree female relatives had significantly higher CGT rates than first-degree male relatives (59% versus 21%, P < 0.001). Participants with HBOC reported higher CGT rates than those with LS (49% versus 33%, P = 0.02). Participants did not identify any one educational medium as more helpful than the others for disclosing results., Conclusion: Disclosure rates are high among HBOC and LS mutation carriers, but reported CGT rates are low. Gender- and mutation-specific barriers prevent patients' family members from undergoing CGT. Future studies should implement materials to address these barriers and improve CGT rates., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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44. Incidence, Epidemiology, and Outcomes of Pediatric Tracheostomy in the United States from 2000 to 2012.
- Author
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Muller RG, Mamidala MP, Smith SH, Smith A, and Sheyn A
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Odds Ratio, Pediatrics, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Tracheostomy methods, United States, Hospital Charges statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Length of Stay economics, Tracheostomy statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objectives: To investigate national and regional variations in pediatric tracheostomy rates, epidemiology, and outcomes from 2000 to 2012., Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis., Setting: Previous research with the 1997 edition of the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID), a national database of pediatric hospital discharge data, demonstrated that rates and outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy vary among US geographic regions. The KID has since been released an additional 5 times, increasing in size with successive editions., Subjects and Methods: Patients ≤18 years old with procedure codes for permanent or temporary tracheostomy from 2000 to 2012 were included. Primary outcome was a weighted population-based rate of tracheostomy stratified by year. Secondary analysis included epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes stratified by year and geographic region., Results: A weighted total of 24,354 cases was analyzed. Population-based tracheostomy rates decreased from 6.8 ± 0.2 (mean ± SD) tracheostomies per 100,000 child-years in 2000 to 6.0 ± 0.2 in 2012. Minorities increased from 53.3% in 2000 to 56.4% in 2012. Patients experienced increased procedures, diagnoses, length of stay, and hospital charges with time. From 2000 to 2012, rates and outcomes varied by US geographic region. Mortality during hospitalization (8%) did not vary by year, patient age, region, or sex., Conclusions: Pediatric tracheostomy is associated with variation in incidence, epidemiology, and hospitalization outcomes in the United States from 2000 to 2012. While rates of pediatric tracheostomy decreased, patients became increasingly medically complicated and ethnically diverse with outcomes varying according to geographic region.
- Published
- 2019
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45. Public health significance of Campylobacter spp. colonisation of wild game pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in Scotland.
- Author
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Seguino A, Chintoan-Uta C, Smith SH, and Shaw DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Load, Campylobacter classification, Campylobacter genetics, Campylobacter pathogenicity, Campylobacter Infections epidemiology, Campylobacter Infections microbiology, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Food Microbiology, Foodborne Diseases microbiology, Geography, Humans, Molecular Epidemiology, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prevalence, Scotland epidemiology, Sequence Analysis, Animals, Wild microbiology, Campylobacter isolation & purification, Campylobacter Infections virology, Galliformes microbiology, Poultry microbiology, Public Health
- Abstract
Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Chicken meat is considered the main source of human infection; however, C. jejuni and C. coli have also been reported in a range of livestock and wildlife species, including pheasants. Wild pheasant meat reaches the consumer's table because of hunting but there is a lack of information concerning the risk of Campylobacter infection in humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in wild game pheasants in Scotland, to identify the main sequence types (STs) present and to evaluate their impact on public health. A total of 287 caecal samples from five Scottish regions were collected during the hunting season 2013/2014. Campylobacter was detected and enumerated using standard culture methods. PCR and High Throughput Multi Locus Sequence Typing (HiMLST) were used for species identification and sequence typing. In total, 36.6% of 287 caecal samples (n = 105; 95% CI: 14-59.2) were Campylobacter positive. Using PCR, 62.6% of samples (n = 99) were identified as C. coli and 37.4% as C. jejuni. HiMLST (n = 80) identified 19 different STs. ST-828 (n = 19) was the most common, followed by ST-827 (n = 12) and ST19 (n = 7). Sixteen of the 19 STs isolated are present in humans and eight are C. coli STs that account for 6.96% of human infections, although the overall risk to public health from pheasant meat is still considered to be low., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. RNA Aptamer Delivery through Intact Human Skin.
- Author
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Lenn JD, Neil J, Donahue C, Demock K, Tibbetts CV, Cote-Sierra J, Smith SH, Rubenstein D, Therrien JP, Pendergrast PS, Killough J, Brown MB, and Williams AC
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Aptamers, Nucleotide genetics, Epidermal Cells metabolism, Humans, Interleukin-17 genetics, Interleukin-17 metabolism, Interleukin-23 genetics, Interleukins genetics, Interleukins metabolism, RNA genetics, Up-Regulation, Interleukin-22, Aptamers, Nucleotide administration & dosage, Dermis metabolism, Epidermis metabolism, RNA administration & dosage, Skin Absorption
- Abstract
It is generally recognized that only relatively small molecular weight (typically < ∼ 500 Da) drugs can effectively permeate through intact stratum corneum. Here, we challenge this orthodoxy using a 62-nucleotide (molecular weight = 20,395 Da) RNA-based aptamer, highly specific to the human IL-23 cytokine, with picomolar activity. Results demonstrate penetration of the aptamer into freshly excised human skin using two different fluorescent labels. A dual hybridization assay quantified aptamer from the epidermis and dermis, giving levels far exceeding the cellular half maximal inhibitory concentration values (>100,000-fold), and aptamer integrity was confirmed using an oligonucleotide precipitation assay. A T helper 17 response was stimulated in freshly excised human skin resulting in significantly upregulated IL-17f, and IL-22; topical application of the IL-23 aptamer decreased both IL-17f and IL-22 by approximately 45% but did not result in significant changes to IL-23 mRNA levels, confirming that the aptamer did not globally suppress mRNA levels. This study demonstrates that very-large-molecular-weight RNA aptamers can permeate across the intact human skin barrier to therapeutically relevant levels into both the epidermis and dermis and that the skin-penetrating aptamer retains its biologically active conformational structure capable of binding to endogenous IL-23., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A rare case of endometrial cancer metastatic to the uveal choroid.
- Author
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Smith SH, Arudra SKC, Mullen MM, Palisoul M, Dahiya S, Kumar Rao P, and Thaker PH
- Abstract
•Choroid metastases are extremely rare in endometrial cancer.•Choroid metastases can present as many different eye complaints.•Comprehensive eye exams are important in patients with visual complaints.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Tapinarof Is a Natural AhR Agonist that Resolves Skin Inflammation in Mice and Humans.
- Author
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Smith SH, Jayawickreme C, Rickard DJ, Nicodeme E, Bui T, Simmons C, Coquery CM, Neil J, Pryor WM, Mayhew D, Rajpal DK, Creech K, Furst S, Lee J, Wu D, Rastinejad F, Willson TM, Viviani F, Morris DC, Moore JT, and Cote-Sierra J
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines metabolism, Dermatitis, Atopic metabolism, Dermatitis, Atopic pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation pathology, Mice, Psoriasis metabolism, Psoriasis pathology, Skin drug effects, Skin metabolism, Skin pathology, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors agonists, Dermatitis, Atopic drug therapy, Inflammation drug therapy, Psoriasis drug therapy, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon agonists, Resorcinols administration & dosage, Stilbenes administration & dosage
- Abstract
Tapinarof (GSK2894512) is a naturally derived topical treatment with demonstrated efficacy for patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, although the biologic target and mechanism of action had been unknown. We demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory properties of tapinarof are mediated through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We show that tapinarof binds and activates AhR in multiple cell types, including cells of the target tissue-human skin. In addition, tapinarof moderates proinflammatory cytokine expression in stimulated peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and ex vivo human skin, and impacts barrier gene expression in primary human keratinocytes; both of these processes are likely to be downstream of AhR activation based on current evidence. That the anti-inflammatory properties of tapinarof derive from AhR agonism is conclusively demonstrated using the mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin lesions. Topical treatment of AhR-sufficient mice with tapinarof leads to compound-driven reductions in erythema, epidermal thickening, and tissue cytokine levels. In contrast, tapinarof has no impact on imiquimod-induced skin inflammation in AhR-deficient mice. In summary, these studies identify tapinarof as an AhR agonist and confirm that its efficacy is dependent on AhR., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Act1: A Psoriasis Susceptibility Gene Playing its Part in Keratinocytes.
- Author
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Hobbs RP, Smith SH, and Getsios S
- Subjects
- Cell Differentiation, Connexin 43 metabolism, Humans, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Psoriasis metabolism, Psoriasis pathology, Signal Transduction, Connexin 43 genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Keratinocytes pathology, Peptide Fragments genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Psoriasis genetics
- Abstract
Unchecked inflammation, impaired keratinocyte differentiation, and heightened host defense responses typify psoriasis. Lambert et al. make clever use of psoriasis patient genetics and whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis to implicate Act1 in these seemingly variegated processes by keeping IL-17 receptor signaling in check while supporting differentiation and limiting innate immune responses in human keratinocytes., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Atypical Histiocytosis in Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris).
- Author
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Smith SH, Stevenson K, Del-Pozo J, Moss S, and Meredith A
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Histiocytosis veterinary, Rodent Diseases pathology, Sciuridae
- Abstract
Four red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) were subjected to necropsy examination over a 3-year period as part of a broader surveillance study. The squirrels presented with cutaneous, subcutaneous and/or internal swellings and nodules that consisted microscopically of sheets of atypical round cells and multinucleated giant cells. There was moderate anisokaryosis with rare mitoses. Nuclei ranged from oval to indented or C-shaped and some were bizarre, twisted or multilobulated. Many giant cells also had a bizarre morphology, with anisokaryosis within individual cells. Giant cell nuclei were often multilobulated, ring-shaped or segmented. Affected internal organs varied depending on the squirrel, but included lymph node, kidney, intestinal tract and lungs. Representative lesions from each of the four squirrels were negative for acid-fast organisms. Formalin-fixed tissues from all four squirrels and ethanol-fixed tissue from one animal were negative for Mycobacterium by polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemically, the majority of mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells in all four squirrels strongly expressed vimentin and class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. Otherwise, the atypical mononuclear and multinucleated cells were negative for CD3, Pax-5, Mac387, CD18 and E-cadherin. Based on the combination of cellular morphology, arrangement and immunophenotype, a novel form of atypical histiocytosis is considered most likely in these squirrels, although the exact origin and triggering factors remain uncertain., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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