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1. The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas

Author: Hoelzl, M, Huijsmans, GTA, Pamela, SJP, Becoulet, M, Nardon, E, Artola, FJ, Nkonga, B, Atanasiu, CV, Bandaru, V, Bhole, A, Bonfiglio, D, Cathey, A, Czarny, O, Dvornova, A, Feher, T, Fil, A, Franck, E, Futatani, S, Gruca, M, Guillard, H, Haverkort, JW, Holod, I, Hu, D, Kim, SK, Korving, SQ, Kos, L, Krebs, I, Kripner, L, Latu, G, Liu, F, Merkel, P, Meshcheriakov, D, Mitterauer, V, Mochalskyy, S, Morales, JA, Nies, R, Nikulsin, N, Orain, F, Pratt, J, Ramasamy, R, Ramet, P, Reux, C, Särkimäki, K, Schwarz, N, Verma, P Singh, Smith, SF, Sommariva, C, Strumberger, E, vanVugt, DC, Verbeek, M, Westerhof, E, Wieschollek, F, and Zielinski, J
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: JOREK is a massively parallel fully implicit non-linear extended MHD code for realistic tokamak X-point plasmas. It has become a widely used versatile code for studying large-scale plasma instabilities and their control developed in an international community. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the physics models implemented, numerical methods applied for solving the equations and physics studies performed with the code. A dedicated section highlights some of the verification work done for the code. A hierarchy of different physics models is available including a free boundary and resistive wall extension and hybrid kinetic-fluid models. The code allows for flux-surface aligned iso-parametric finite element grids in single and double X-point plasmas which can be extended to the true physical walls and uses a robust fully implicit time stepping. Particular focus is laid on plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) physics as well as disruption related phenomena. Among the key results obtained with JOREK regarding plasma edge and SOL, are deep insights into the dynamics of edge localized modes (ELMs), ELM cycles, and ELM control by resonant magnetic perturbations, pellet injection, as well as by vertical magnetic kicks. Also ELM free regimes, detachment physics, the generation and transport of impurities during an ELM, and electrostatic turbulence in the pedestal region are investigated. Regarding disruptions, the focus is on the dynamics of the thermal quench and current quench triggered by massive gas injection (MGI) and shattered pellet injection (SPI), runaway electron (RE) dynamics as well as the RE interaction with MHD modes, and vertical displacement events (VDEs). Also the seeding and suppression of tearing modes (TMs), the dynamics of naturally occurring thermal quenches triggered by locked modes, and radiative collapses are being studied., Comment: Comprehensive review published as special topic article in Nuclear Fusion
Published: 2020
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2. First principles and integrated modelling achievements towards trustful fusion power predictions for JET and ITER

Author: Garcia, J., Dumont, R. J., Joly, J., Morales, J., Garzotti, L., Bache, T. W., Baranov, Y., Casson, F. J., Challis, C., Kirov, K., Mailloux, J., Saarelma, S., Nocente, M., Banon-Navarro, A., Goerler, T., Citrin, J., Ho, A., Gallart, D., Mantsinen, M., Abduallev, (Abduallev, S, ( 8, S., 42, ), Abhangi, (Abhangi, M, ( 8, M., 54, ), Abreu, (Abreu, P, ( 8, P., 60, ), Afanasev, (Afanasev, V, V)(, 8, 61, ), Afzal, (Afzal, M, 14, ), Aggarwal, (Aggarwal, Km, ( 8, K. 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J., Varje, (Varje, J, Vartanian, 9, (Vartanian, S, Vasava, (Vasava, K, Vasilopoulou, (Vasilopoulou, T, Vecsei, (Vecsei, M, Vega, (Vega, J, Ventre, (Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, (Verdoolaege, G, Verona, (Verona, C, Rinati, (Rinati, Gv, Verona)( 8, G., Veshchev, (Veshchev, E, Vianello, (Vianello, N, Vicente, (Vicente, J, Viezzer, (Viezzer, E, Villari, (Villari, S, Villone, (Villone, F, Vincent, (Vincent, M, Vincenzi, (Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, (Vinyar, I, Viola, (Viola, B, Vitins, (Vitins, A, Vizvary, (Vizvary, Z, Vlad, (Vlad, M, Voitsekhovitch, (Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, (Voltolina, D, Von, Toussaint, U (von Toussaint, Vondracek, (Vondracek, P, Vuksic, (Vuksic, M, Wakeling, (Wakeling, B, Waldon, (Waldon, C, Walkden, (Walkden, N, Walker, (Walker, R, (Walker, M, Walsh, (Walsh, M, Wang, (Wang, N, (Wang, E, Warder, (Warder, S, Warren, (Warren, R, Waterhouse, (Waterhouse, J, Watts, (Watts, C, Wauters, (Wauters, T, Webb, (Webb, M, Weckmann, (Weckmann, A, Weiland, (Weiland, J, (Weiland, M, Weisen, (Weisen, H, Weiszflog, (Weiszflog, M, Welch, (Welch, P, West, (West, A, Wheatley, (Wheatley, M, Wheeler, (Wheeler, S, Whitehead, (Whitehead, Am, Whittaker, (Whittaker, D, Widdowson, (Widdowson, Am, Wiesen, (Wiesen, S, Wilkie, (Wilkie, G, Williams, (Williams, J, Willoughby, (Willoughby, D, Wilson, (Wilson, J, (Wilson, I, (Wilson, Hr, Wischmeier, (Wischmeier, M, Withycombe, (Withycombe, A, Witts, (Witts, D, Wolfrum, (Wolfrum, E, Wood, (Wood, R, Woodley, (Woodley, R, (Woodley, C, Wray, (Wray, S, Wright, (Wright, Jc, (Wright, P, Wukitch, (Wukitch, S, Wynn, (Wynn, A, Xiang, (Xiang, L, (Xu, T, Xue, (Xue, Y, Yadikin, (Yadikin, D, Yakovenko, (Yakovenko, Y, Yanling, (Yanling, W, Yavorskij, (Yavorskij, V, Young, (Young, I, (Young, R, (Young, D, Zacks, (Zacks, J, Zagorski, (Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, (Zaitsev, Fs, ( 8, F. S., Zakharov, (Zakharov, L, Zanino, (Zanino, R, Zarins, (Zarins, A, (Zarins, R, Fernandez, (Fernandez, Dz, Zarzoso)( 8, D., Zastrow, (Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, (Zerbini, M, Zhang, (Zhang, W, Zhou, (Zhou, Y, Zilli, (Zilli, E, Zocco, (Zocco, A, Zoita, (Zoita, V, Zoletnik, (Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, (Zwingmann, W, Zychor, (Zychor, I, 71), Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Garcia, J, Dumont, R, Joly, J, Morales, J, Garzotti, L, Bache, T, Baranov, Y, Casson, F, Challis, C, Kirov, K, Mailloux, J, Saarelma, S, Nocente, M, Banon-Navarro, A, Goerler, T, Citrin, J, Ho, A, Gallart, D, Mantsinen, M, Mariani, A, Garcia, J., Dumont, R. J., Joly, J., Morales, J., Garzotti, L., Bache, T. W., Baranov, Y., Casson, F. J., Challis, C., Kirov, K., Mailloux, J., Saarelma, S., Nocente, M., Banon-Navarro, A., Goerler, T., Citrin, J., Ho, A., Gallart, D., Formisano, A., Mantsinen, M., Dumont, Rj, Bache, Tw, Casson, Fj, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, Km, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Alarcon, T, Albanese, R, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, Ea, Andrews, R, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arshad, S, Artaud, J, Arter, W, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Asztalos, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Baciero, A, Baiao, D, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, Vk, Banks, J, Baranov, Yf, Barcellona, C, Barnard, T, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Wiechec, Ab, Orte, Lb, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Benayas, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besiliu, C, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Biletskyi, O, Bilkova, P, Binda, F, Birkenmeier, G, Bizarro, Jp, Bjorkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, Tr, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bogar, O, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Boncagni, L, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Boom, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyer, H, Bradnam, Sc, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brennan, D, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broslawski, A, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Bruno, E, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Bucolo, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Buller, S, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Burroughes, G, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, Butler, B, Bykov, I, Cahyna, P, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Callaghan, D, Callaghan, J, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, Dc, Cannas, B, Capat, A, Carcangiu, S, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, Bb, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Carvalho, Dd, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave-Ayland, K, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Challis, Cd, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, It, Chapman, B, Chapman, Sc, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chitarin, G, Chmielewski, P, Chone, L, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Clairet, F, Clark, M, Clark, E, Clarkson, R, Clay, R, Clements, C, Coad, Jp, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coelho, R, Coenen, Jw, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Colling, B, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, Sr, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Coster, D, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crapper, C, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombe, K, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curson, P, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Czarski, T, Cziegler, I, Dabirikhah, H, Dal Molin, A, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, David, P, Davies, A, Davis, W, Dawson, K, Day, I, Day, C, De Bock, M, de Castro, A, De Dominici, G, de la Cal, E, de la Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, de Vries, P, Deane, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Delabie, E, Demerdzhiev, V, Dempsey, A, den Harder, N, Dendy, Ro, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dickinson, D, Dinca, P, Dittmar, T, Dobrashian, J, Doerk, H, Doerner, Rp, Domptail, F, Donne, T, Dorling, Se, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dutta, P, Duval, Bp, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Edappala, Pv, Edwards, Am, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Eidietis, N, Eksaeva, A, Ellis, R, Ellwood, G, Elsmore, C, Emery, S, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, Lg, Ertmer, S, Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, Al, Esser, Hg, Ewart, G, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinic, S, Felici, F, Felton, Rc, Feng, S, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, Dr, Ferro, G, Fessey, Ja, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figini, L, Figueiredo, J, Figueiredo, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, Jm, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fransson, E, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galeani, S, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia-Carrasco, A, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Gaspar, J, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, Jc, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, K, Giegerich, T, Gil, L, Gilbert, Mr, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Gloggler, S, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Graham, B, Graves, Jp, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griffiths, J, Griph, S, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Gruca, M, Guard, D, Guerard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gulati, S, Gurl, C, Gutierrez-Milla, A, Utoh, Hh, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth-Cook, S, Ham, C, Hamed, M, Hamilton, N, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Hancu, G, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, Dr, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, Nc, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, Tc, Henderson, S, Henderson, M, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Herfindal, J, Hermon, G, Hidalgo, C, Higginson, W, Highcock, Eg, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hogben, Cha, Hogeweij, Gmd, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Holzl, M, Honore, Jj, Hook, M, Hopley, D, Horacek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, Ld, Horvath, L, Hotchin, Sp, Howell, R, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, Tm, Hughes, M, Hughes, J, Huijsmans, Gta, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Igaune, I, Iglesias, D, Imazawa, N, Imrisek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ivings, E, Jachmich, S, Jackson, A, Jackson, T, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jaulmes, F, Jednorog, S, Jenkins, I, Jepu, I, Johnson, T, Johnson, R, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jonasson, E, Jones, T, Jones, C, Jones, L, Jones, G, Jones, N, Juvonen, M, Hoshino, Kk, Kallenbach, A, Kalsey, M, Kaltiaisenaho, T, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, Dl, Keenan, Fp, Kempenaars, M, Kent, O, Kent, J, Keogh, K, Khilkevich, E, Kim, Ht, King, R, King, D, Kinna, Dj, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirschner, A, Kizane, G, Klas, M, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Knight, M, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Knott, S, Kobuchi, T, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Koechl, F, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kollo, Z, Kominis, Y, Koppen, M, Korolczuk, S, Kos, B, Koslowski, Hr, Kotschenreuther, M, Koubiti, M, Kovaldins, R, Kovanda, O, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiazek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwon, Oj, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lalousis, P, Lam, N, Lamb, C, Lambertz, Ht, Lang, Pt, Lanthaler, S, Neto, El, Laszynska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, Kd, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leach, R, Learoyd, G, Leerink, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, Hj, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichauer, P, Leichtle, D, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lescinskis, B, Lesnoj, S, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, Y, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Liu, G, Lloyd, B, Lo Schiavo, Vp, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, Pj, Lonnroth, J, Lopez, Jm, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Loughlin, M, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, Cp, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lunt, T, Lupelli, I, Lutsenko, V, Lyssoivan, A, Macheta, P, Macusova, E, Magesh, B, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Maingi, R, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malinowski, K, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manduchi, G, Manso, Me, Mantica, P, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marconato, N, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsh, J, Martin, A, de Aguilera, Am, Martin-Solis, Jr, Martone, R, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, Gf, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, May-Smith, T, Mayer, M, Mayoral, Ml, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, Pj, Mcclements, Kg, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, Pa, Mcdonald, D, Mchardy, M, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcnamee, L, Meadowcroft, C, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, Ag, Meisl, G, Meiter, S, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merle, A, Merriman, P, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Michling, R, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Militello-Asp, E, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Mink, F, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Mistry, S, Miyoshi, Y, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Moran, J, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Moser, L, Mosher, S, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Muir, A, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Murphy, S, Muscat, P, Muthusonai, N, Myers, C, Asakura, Nn, N'Konga, B, Nabais, F, Naish, R, Naish, J, Nakano, T, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, Mff, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, Ah, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, Cr, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, Jm, Nowak, S, Nunes, I, O'Gorman, T, O'Mullane, M, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, Mt, Okabayashi, M, Oliver, H, Olney, R, Omoregie, L, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Owen, A, Owen, T, Paccagnella, R, Packer, Lw, Pajuste, E, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Papp, G, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Diaz, Fp, Parsloe, A, Parsons, N, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Soldan, Cp, Peackoc, A, Pehkonen, Sp, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Penzo, J, Pepperell, K, Pereira, R, Cippo, Ep, von Thun, Cp, Pericoli, V, Peruzzo, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrzilka, V, Philipps, V, Pigatto, L, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, de Sa, Wp, dos Reis, Ap, Piron, L, Piron, C, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Plyusnin, V, Poli, Fm, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, Og, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Poradzinski, M, Porfiri, Mt, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Poulipoulis, G, Powell, T, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, Me, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, Cj, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, Jj, Rathod, K, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravera, G, Rebai, M, Reed, A, Refy, D, Regana, J, Reich, M, Reid, N, Reimold, F, Reinhart, M, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Rendell, D, Reux, C, Cortes, Sdar, Reynolds, S, Ricci, D, Richiusa, M, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, Fg, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez, J, Rohde, V, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rowe, S, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Sabot, R, Saez, X, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Saibene, G, Saleem, M, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Samm, U, Sandiford, D, Santa, P, Santala, Mik, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sartori, F, Sartori, R, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Schluck, F, Schlummer, T, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schopf, K, Schweinzer, J, Schworer, D, Scott, Sd, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Sharapov, Se, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shiraki, D, Shumack, A, Sias, G, Sibbald, M, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, J, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simmons, P, Simpson, J, Sinha, A, Sipila, Sk, Sips, Acc, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skiba, M, Skilton, R, Skvara, V, Slade, B, Smith, R, Smith, P, Smith, Sf, Snoj, L, Soare, S, Solano, Er, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Sonato, P, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Sparapani, P, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Sprada, D, Sridhar, S, Stables, G, Stallard, J, Stamatelatos, I, Stamp, Mf, Stan-Sion, C, Stancar, Z, Staniec, P, Stankunas, G, Stano, M, Stavrou, C, Stefanikova, E, Stepanov, I, Stephen, Av, Stephen, M, Stephens, J, Stevens, B, Stober, J, Stokes, C, Strachan, J, Strand, P, Strauss, Hr, Strom, P, Studholme, W, Subba, F, Suchkov, E, Summers, Hp, Sun, H, Sutton, N, Svensson, J, Sytnykov, D, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, G, Suzuki, Tt, Tabares, F, Tadic, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Taliercio, C, Tallargio, A, Tanaka, K, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Tatali, R, Taylor, D, Tegnered, D, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Terry, C, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thompson, Vk, Thornton, A, Tierens, W, Tiseanu, I, Tojo, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Trimble, P, Tripsky, M, Tsalas, M, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Jun, Dt, Turner, I, Turner, Mm, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Uljanovs, J, Urano, H, Urban, A, Urbanczyk, G, Uytdenhouwen, I, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Vale, R, Valentinuzzi, M, Valerii, K, Valisa, M, Olivares, Pv, Valovic, M, Van Eester, D, Van Renterghem, W, van Rooij, Gj, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasava, K, Vasilopoulou, T, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, Gv, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villari, S, Villone, F, Vincent, M, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, M, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, von Toussaint, U, Vondracek, P, Vuksic, M, Wakeling, B, Waldon, C, Walkden, N, Walker, R, Walker, M, Walsh, M, Wang, N, Wang, E, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Webb, M, Weckmann, A, Weiland, J, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, Am, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, Am, Wiesen, S, Wilkie, G, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, J, Wilson, I, Wilson, Hr, Wischmeier, M, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, R, Woodley, C, Wray, S, Wright, Jc, Wright, P, Wukitch, S, Wynn, A, Xiang, L, Xu, T, Xue, Y, Yadikin, D, Yakovenko, Y, Yanling, W, Yavorskij, V, Young, I, Young, R, Young, D, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zarins, R, Fernandez, Dz, Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fusion, Jet (fluid), Maximum power principle, Nuclear engineering, Context (language use), Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, ICRH, Charged particle, 010305 fluids & plasmas, JET, transport, TRANSPORT, Physics::Plasma Physics, Beta (plasma physics), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Predictability of burning plasmas is a key issue for designing and building credible future fusion devices. In this context, an important effort of physics understanding and guidance is being carried out in parallel to the on-going JET experimental campaigns in H, D and T by performing analyses and modelling towards an improvement of the understanding of DT physics for the optimization of the JET-DT neutron yield and fusion born alpha particle physics. Extrapolations to JET-DT from recent experiments using the maximum power available have been performed including some of the most sophisticated codes and a broad selection of models. There is a general agreement that 11-15MW of fusion power can be expected in DT for the hybrid and baseline scenarios. On the other hand, in high beta, torque and fast ion fraction conditions, isotope effects could be favourable leading to higher fusion yield. It is shown that alpha particles related physics, such as TAE destabilization or fusion power electron heating, could be studied in ITER relevant JET-DT plasmas.
Published: 2019
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3. ELM and ELM-control Simulations

Author: Pamela, S., Huijsmans, G., Holzl, M., Artola, J., Becoulet, M., Cathey, A., Franssen, S., Futatani, S., Gruca, M., K. Kim, S., Liu, F., Nkonga, B., Orain, F., Smith, SF., VanVugt, D., Maggi, C., Saarelma, S., Thornton, A., Kirk, A., Moulton, D., Fil, A., Garzotti, L., Aiba, Nobuyuki, Urano, Hajime, Hayashi, Nobuhiko, Kamada, Yutaka, Eich, T., Willensdorfer, M., Trier, E., Mink, F., DeLaLuna, E., Frassinetti, L., and Garcia, J.
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics
Abstract: In recent years, increased HPC resources and performance has enabled significant advances in the quality and reliability of non-linear MHD simulations of tokamak instabilities. In the domain of Edge-Localised-Modes, validation of the JOREK code has been achieved by addressing various characteristics of this instability. The necessity to control ELMs, in order to reduce divertor heat-fluxes in ITER, while maximising the flushing of high-Z impurities, motivates a thorough validation of the numerical and physical model, so that reliable predictions can be provided for future devices. With increasing concordance between simulation results and experimental observations, non-linear MHD is starting to provide insight into several open questions about ELM physics and ELM-control techniques, in time for the development and exploitation of ITER operation.
Published: 2019

4. Do psychopathic birds of a feather flock together? Psychopathic personality traits and romantic preferences

Author: Watts, AL, Rohr, JC, McCauley, KL, Smith, SF, Howe, KL, Lilienfeld, SO, Watts, AL, Rohr, JC, McCauley, KL, Smith, SF, Howe, KL, and Lilienfeld, SO
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present studies was to investigate whether people are especially attracted to psychopathic traits, and whether there are individual differences in such attraction. METHOD: Female undergraduates (N = 270; Mage = 19; 57% White, 20% Asian, 8% Black) and female and male community members (N = 426; Mage = 37; 56% female; 81% Caucasian, 10% African American, 4% Asian) reported on their own personality and constructed their ideal mate for a dating, short-term, and long-term relationship from a list of 70 characteristics drawn from well-validated criteria for psychopathic personality and diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 personality disorders (PDs). RESULTS: Across both studies, absolute romantic preferences for psychopathic traits collapsed across time point were low on average, but higher than those for most all other PDs. In addition, they were higher for Factor 1 (i.e., interpersonal/affective) as opposed to Factor 2 (i.e., impulsive, antisocial) psychopathy traits. Participants with marked PD features, including Factor 2 psychopathy traits, were more inclined than others to endorse a preference for psychopathic males. CONCLUSIONS: Relative attraction to psychopathic males and observed homophily may be avenues through which psychopathic traits persist in the population across time.
Published: 2019

5. PERSONALITY DISORDERS AS EMERGENT INTERPERSONAL SYNDROMES: PSYCHOPATHIC PERSONALITY AS A CASE EXAMPLE

Author: Lilienfeld, SO, Watts, AL, Murphy, B, Costello, TH, Bowes, SM, Smith, SF, Latzman, RD, Haslam, N, Tabb, K, Lilienfeld, SO, Watts, AL, Murphy, B, Costello, TH, Bowes, SM, Smith, SF, Latzman, RD, Haslam, N, and Tabb, K
Abstract: Personality disorders have long been bedeviled by a host of conceptual and methodological quandaries. Starting from the assumption that personality disorders are inherently interpersonal conditions that reflect folk concepts of social impairment, the authors contend that a subset of personality disorders, rather than traditional syndromes, are emergent interpersonal syndromes (EISs): interpersonally malignant configurations (statistical interactions) of distinct personality dimensions that may be only modestly, weakly, or even negatively correlated. Preliminary support for this perspective derives from a surprising source, namely, largely forgotten research on the intercorrelations among the subscales of select MMPI/MMPI-2 clinical scales. Using psychopathic personality as a case example, the authors offer provisional evidence for the EIS hypothesis from four lines of research and delineate its implications for personality disorder theory, research, and classification. Conceptualizing some personality disorders as EISs elucidates long-standing quandaries and controversies in the psychopathology literature and affords fruitful avenues for future investigation.
Published: 2019

6. Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention in a blended coping-focused therapy for distressing voices: Development and case illustration

Author: Bell, IH, Fielding-Smith, SF, Hayward, M, Rossell, SL, Lim, MH, Farhall, J, Thomas, N, Bell, IH, Fielding-Smith, SF, Hayward, M, Rossell, SL, Lim, MH, Farhall, J, and Thomas, N
Abstract: Common approaches to the psychological treatment of distressing voice hearing experiences, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, aim to promote more adaptive cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses to these experiences. Digital technologies such as smartphones show promise for supporting and enhancing these treatments by linking immediate therapeutic settings to the context of daily life. Two promising technologies include ecological momentary assessment and intervention (EMA/I), which may offer a means of advanced assessment and support in daily life, and inform the tailoring of interventions to suit individual needs. In this study, a highly novel intervention approach was developed involving four face-to-face sessions with a psychologist blended with EMA/I between sessions in order to improve coping with distressing voice hearing experiences. The authors describe the background and development of this approach along-side a single case illustration, which supported feasibility and acceptability. This study details how digital technologies such as EMA/I may be used in future as clinical tools to enhance standard psychological treatments and clinical care of people with persisting and distressing experiences.
Published: 2018

7. Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention in a coping-focused intervention for hearing voices (SAVVy): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial

Author: Bell, IH, Fielding-Smith, SF, Hayward, M, Rossell, SL, Lim, MH, Farhall, J, Thomas, N, Bell, IH, Fielding-Smith, SF, Hayward, M, Rossell, SL, Lim, MH, Farhall, J, and Thomas, N
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention (EMA/I) show promise for enhancing psychological treatments for psychosis. EMA has the potential to improve assessment and formulation of experiences which fluctuate day-to-day, and EMI may be used to prompt use of therapeutic strategies in daily life. The current study is an examination of these capabilities in the context of a brief, coping-focused intervention for distressing voice hearing experiences. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a rater-blinded, pilot randomised controlled trial comparing a four-session intervention in conjunction with use of smartphone EMA/I between sessions, versus treatment-as-usual. The recruitment target is 34 participants with persisting and distressing voice hearing experiences, recruited through a Voices Clinic based in Melbourne, Australia, and via wider advertising. Allocation will be made using minimisation procedure, balancing of the frequency of voices between groups. Assessments are completed at baseline and 8 weeks post-baseline. The primary outcomes of this trial will focus on feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and trial methodology, with secondary outcomes examining preliminary clinical effects related to overall voice severity, the emotional and functional impact of the voices, and emotional distress. DISCUSSION: This study offers a highly novel examination of specific smartphone capabilities and their integration with traditional psychological treatment for distressing voices. Such technology has potential to enhance psychological interventions and promote adaptation to distressing experiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12617000348358 . Registered on 7 March 2017.
Published: 2018

8. Shifting discourses of widening access from 'why not you?' to 'we want you'

Author: Smith, SF and Vassie, C
Subjects: 13 Education, Medical Informatics, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Published: 2017

9. The Importance of creating infrastructure to support future clinician-educators response

Author: Smith, SF and Fox, KM
Subjects: Science & Technology, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology
Published: 2016

10. Correlates of psychopathic personality traits in everyday life: results from a large community survey

Author: Lilienfeld, SO, Latzman, RD, Watts, AL, Smith, SF, Dutton, K, Lilienfeld, SO, Latzman, RD, Watts, AL, Smith, SF, and Dutton, K
Abstract: Although the traits of psychopathic personality (psychopathy) have received extensive attention from researchers in forensic psychology, psychopathology, and personality psychology, the relations of these traits to aspects of everyday functioning are poorly understood. Using a large internet survey of members of the general population (N = 3388), we examined the association between psychopathic traits, as measured by a brief but well-validated self-report measure, and occupational choice, political orientation, religious affiliation, and geographical residence. Psychopathic traits, especially those linked to fearless dominance, were positively and moderately associated with holding leadership and management positions, as well as high-risk occupations. In addition, psychopathic traits were positively associated with political conservatism, lack of belief in God, and living in Europe as opposed to the United States, although the magnitudes of these statistical effects were generally small in magnitude. Our findings offer preliminary evidence that psychopathic personality traits display meaningful response penetration into daily functioning, and raise provocative questions for future research.
Published: 2014

11. Students’ Perceptions About Delivery of Game-Based Learning for Virtual Patients in Second Life

Author: Toro-Troconis, M., primary, Roberts, NJ, additional, Smith, SF, additional, and Partridge, MR, additional
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12. Planting Date, Irrigation, and Row Spacing Effects on Agronomic Traits of Food-grade Soybean

Author: Zhang B, Berger-Doyle J, primary and Chen P, Smith SF, additional
Published: 2014
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13. A constraint-based method for project scheduling with time windows

Author: Cesta, A, Oddi, A, and Smith, SF
Subjects: procedence constraint posting, project scheduling, constraint-based scheduling
Abstract: This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for solving RCPSP/max, the resource constrained project scheduling problem with generalized precedence relations. The algorithm relies, at its core, on a constraint satisfaction problem solving (CSP) search procedure, which generates a consistent set of activity start times by incrementally removing resource conflicts from an otherwise temporally feasible solution. Key to the effectiveness of the CSP search procedure is its heuristic strategy for conflict selection. A conflict sampling method biased toward selection of minimal conflict sets that involve activities with higher-capacity requests is introduced, and coupled with a non-deterministic choice heuristic to guide the base conflict resolution process. This CSP search is then embedded within a larger iterative-sampling search framework to broaden search space coverage and promote solution optimization. The efficacy of the overall heuristic algorithm is demonstrated empirically on a large set of previously studied RCPSP/max benchmark problems.
Published: 2002
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14. Increasing incidence of Glioblastoma Multiform and Meningioma, & decreasing incidence of Schwannoma 2000-2008: findings of a multicentre study

Author: Dobes, M, Khurana, V, Shadbolt, B, Jain, S, Smith, SF, Smee, RI, Dexter, M, Cook, R, Dobes, M, Khurana, V, Shadbolt, B, Jain, S, Smith, SF, Smee, RI, Dexter, M, and Cook, R
Published: 2011

15. The long-term effects of perinatal glucocorticoid exposure on the host defence system of the respiratory tract

Author: Theogaraj, E, primary, John, CD, additional, Dewar, A, additional, Buckingham, JC, additional, and Smith, SF, additional
Published: 2006
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16. Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium-enriched cereal as an adjunct to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia

Author: Anderson, JW, primary, Riddell-Mason, S, additional, Gustafson, NJ, additional, Smith, SF, additional, and Mackey, M, additional
Published: 1992
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17. Lipid responses of hypercholesterolemia men to oat-bran and wheat-bran intake

Author: Anderson, JW, primary, Gilinsky, NH, additional, Deakins, DA, additional, Smith, SF, additional, O'Neal, DS, additional, Dillon, DW, additional, and Oeltgen, PR, additional
Published: 1991
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18. Oat-bran cereal lowers serum total and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic men

Author: Anderson, JW, primary, Spencer, DB, additional, Hamilton, CC, additional, Smith, SF, additional, Tietyen, J, additional, Bryant, CA, additional, and Oeltgen, P, additional
Published: 1990
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19. Test your knowledge of nursing interventions.

Author: Smith SF
Published: 1983

20. Test your knowledge of psychiatric and psychosocial nursing... part 2.

Author: Smith SF, Karasik DA, and Meyer BJ
Published: 1985
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21. Test your knowledge of psychiatric and psychosocial nursing... part 1.

Author: Smith SF, Karasik DA, and Meyer BJ
Published: 1985
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22. The acute effect of cigarette smoking on the neutrophil elastase inhibitory capacity of peripheral lung lavage from asymptomatic volunteers

Author: Tetley, TD, primary, Smith, SF, additional, Winning, AJ, additional, Foxall, JM, additional, Cooke, NT, additional, Burton, GH, additional, Harris, E, additional, and Guz, A, additional
Published: 1989
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23. Comparison of human lung surface protein profiles from the central and peripheral airways sampled using two regional lavage techniques

Author: Smith, SF, primary, Guz, A, additional, Winning, AJ, additional, Cooke, NT, additional, Burton, GH, additional, and Tetley, TD, additional
Published: 1988
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24. A Possible Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism for Glucocorticoids in the Human Lung

Author: Smith, SF, primary, Goulding, NJ, primary, Tetley, TD, primary, Godolphin, JL, primary, Guz, A, primary, and Flower, RJ, primary
Published: 1989
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25. Adaptive learning for disruption prediction in non-stationary conditions

Author: Murari, A., Lungaroni, M., Gelfusa, M., Peluso, E., Vega, J., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V, Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brennan, D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Bruno, E., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Bucolo, M., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Buller, S., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Burroughes, G., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., Butler, B., Bykov, I, Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Callaghan, D., Callaghan, J., Calvo, I, Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cannas, B., Capat, A., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P., Carvalho, D. D., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Challis, C. D., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, B., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chitarin, G., Chmielewski, P., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, M., Clark, E., Clarkson, R., Clay, R., Clements, C., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I, Colas, L., Colling, B., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curson, P., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Cziegler, I, Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., David, P., Davies, A., Davis, W., Dawson, K., Day, I, Day, C., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., De Dominici, G., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Demerdzhiev, V, Dempsey, A., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickinson, D., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Domptail, F., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I, Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Edappala, P., V, Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J. S., Eich, Th, Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., Ellis, R., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Emery, S., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Esser, H. G., Ewart, G., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinic, S., Felici, F., Felton, R. C., Feng, S., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferro, G., Fessey, J. A., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Figueiredo, J., Figueiredo, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fransson, E., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V, Fusco, V, Futatani, S., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Geiger, B., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, K., Giegerich, T., Gil, L., Gilbert, M. R., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gloeggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Goerler, T., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gulati, S., Gurl, C., Gutierrez-Milla, A., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C., Hamed, M., Hamilton, N., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Hancu, G., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Hender, T. C., Henderson, S. S., Henderson, M., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hidalgo, C., Higginson, W., Highcock, E. G., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hoelzl, M., Honore, J-J, Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Howell, R., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V, Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hughes, J., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Igaune, I., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, A., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I, Jepu, I, Johnson, T., Johnson, R., Johnston, J., Joita, L., Joly, J., Jonasson, E., Jones, T., Jones, C., Jones, L., Jones, G., Jones, N., Juvonen, M., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kalsey, M., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D. L., Keenan, F. P., Kempenaars, M., Kent, O., Kent, J., Keogh, K., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H-T, Kim, H. T., King, R., King, D., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V, Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knipe, S., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Kochl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I, Koechl, F., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kollo, Z., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Korolczuk, S., Kos, B., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kovaldins, R., Kovanda, O., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I, Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lalousis, P., Lam, N., Lamb, C., Lambertz, H. T., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Neto, E. Lascas, Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leach, R., Learoyd, G., Leerink, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. 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Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, and Zychor, I
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Computer science, ensembles of classifiers, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, disruptions, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, obsolescence, Ensembles of classifiers, Stationary conditions, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, de-learning, Jet (fluid), business.industry, machine learning predictors, adaptive training, JET, Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari, machine learning predictor, Condensed Matter Physics, disruption, Obsolescence, Artificial intelligence, Adaptive learning, business, computer
Abstract: For many years, machine learning tools have proved to be very powerful disruption predictors in tokamaks. On the other hand, the vast majority of the techniques deployed assume that the input data is independent and is sampled from exactly the same probability distribution for the training set, the test set and the final real time deployment. This hypothesis is certainly not verified in practice, since the experimental programmes evolve quite rapidly, resulting typically in ageing of the predictors and consequent suboptimal performance. This paper describes various adaptive training strategies that have been tested to maintain the performance of disruption predictors in non- stationary conditions. The proposed approaches have been implemented using new ensembles of classifiers, explicitly developed for the present application. The improvements in performance are unquestionable and, given the difficulties encountered so far in translating predictors from one device to another, the proposed adaptive methods from scratch can therefore be considered a useful option in the arsenal of alternatives envisaged for the next generation of devices, particularly at the very beginning of their operation.
Published: 2019
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26. Role of fast ion pressure in the isotope effect in JET L-mode plasmas

Author: Bonanomi, N., Casiraghi, I, Mantica, P., Challis, C., Delabie, E., Fable, E., Gallart, D., Giroud, C., Lerche, E., Lomas, P., Menmuir, S., Staebler, G. M., Taylor, D., Van Eester, D., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. 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D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Howell, R., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V, Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hughes, J., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Igaune, I., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, A., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I, Jepu, I, Johnson, T., Johnson, R., Johnston, J., Joita, L., Joly, J., Jonasson, E., Jones, T., Jones, C., Jones, L., Jones, G., Jones, N., Juvonen, M., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kalsey, M., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D. L., Keenan, F. P., Kempenaars, M., Kent, O., Kent, J., Keogh, K., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H-T, Kim, H. T., King, R., King, D., Kinna, D. 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Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zarins, R, Fernandez, Dz, Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, Department of Physics, and Materials Physics
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, 114 Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, gyrokinetic, JET tokamak, Physics::Plasma Physics, equations, turbulent transport, fast ions, isotope effect, gyrokinetic simulations, 0103 physical sciences, Kinetic isotope effect, drift orbit width, fast ion, Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Stable isotope ratio, turbulence, Plasma, gyrokinetic simulation, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Deuterium, confinement, transport, Physics::Space Physics, simulations, Atomic physics, DRIFT ORBIT WIDTH, CONFINEMENT, SIMULATIONS, TURBULENCE, TRANSPORT, EQUATIONS, Ion cyclotron resonance
Abstract: This paper presents results of JET ITER-like wall L-mode experiments in hydrogen and deuterium (D) plasmas, dedicated to the study of the isotope dependence of ion heat transport by determination of the ion critical gradient and stiffness by varying the ion cyclotron resonance heating power deposition. When no strong role of fast ions in the plasma core is expected, the main difference between the two isotope plasmas is determined by the plasma edge and the core behavior is consistent with a gyro-Bohm scaling. When the heating power (and the fast ion pressure) is increased, in addition to the difference in the edge region, also the plasma core shows substantial changes. The stabilization of ion heat transport by fast ions, clearly visible in D plasmas, appears to be weaker in H plasmas, resulting in a higher ion heat flux in H with apparent anti-gyro-Bohm mass scaling. The difference is found to be caused by the different fast ion pressure between H and D plasmas, related to the heating power settings and to the different fast ion slowing down time, and is completely accounted for in non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. The application of the TGLF quasi-linear model to this set of data is also discussed.
Published: 2019
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27. Ion cyclotron resonance heating scenarios for DEMO

Author: Van Eester, D., Lerche, E., Ragona, R., Messiaen, A., Wauters, T., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. 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Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, and Zychor, I
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, heating, Sawtooth wave, wave, discharges, 114 Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Dielectric heating, icrh, 010306 general physics, tokamak, mode conversion, iter, minority, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, plasmas, Computational physics, ICRH, ITER, current drive, Ion cyclotron resonance heating, sawtooth, oscillations, systems code
Abstract: The present paper offers an overview of the potential of ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) or radio frequency heating for the DEMO machine. It is found that various suitable heating schemes are available. Similar to ITER and in view of the limited bandwidth of about 10 MHz that can be achieved to ensure optimal functioning of the launcher, it is proposed to make core second harmonic tritium heating the key ion heating scheme, assisted by fundamental cyclotron heating He-3 in the early phase of the discharge; for the present design of DEMO-with a static magnetic field strength of B-o = 5.855 T-that places the T and 3He layers in the core for f = 60 MHz and suggests centering the bandwidth around that main operating frequency. In line with earlier studies for hot, dense plasmas in large-size magnetic confinement machines, it is shown that good single pass absorption is achieved but that the size as well as the operating density and temperature of the machine cause the electrons to absorb a non-negligible fraction of the power away from the core when core ion heating is aimed at. Current drive and alternative heating options are briefly discussed and a dedicated computation is done for the traveling wave antenna, proposed for DEMO in view of its compatibility with substantial antenna-plasma distances. The various tasks that ICRH can fulfill are briefly listed. Finally, the impact of transport and the sensitivity of the obtained results to changes in the machine parameters is commented on.
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28. A new mechanism for increasing density peaking in tokamaks: improvement of the inward particle pinch with edge E x B shearing

Author: Garcia, J., Doerk, H., Goerler, T., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. 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R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curson, P., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Cziegler, I, Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., David, P., Davies, A., Davis, W., Dawson, K., Day, I, Day, C., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., De Dominici, G., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Demerdzhiev, V, Dempsey, A., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickinson, D., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R. P., Domptail, F., Donne, T., Dorling, S. 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M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fransson, E., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V, Fusco, V, Futatani, S., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, K., Giegerich, T., Gil, L., Gilbert, M. R., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gloeggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graves, J. 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Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, Mff, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, Ah, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, Cr, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, Jm, Nowak, S, Nunes, I, O'Gorman, T, O'Mullane, M, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, Mt, Okabayashi, M, Oliver, H, Olney, R, Omoregie, L, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Owen, A, Owen, T, Paccagnella, R, Packer, Lw, Pajuste, E, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Papp, G, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Diaz, Fp, Parsloe, A, Parsons, N, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Soldan, Cp, Peackoc, A, Pehkonen, Sp, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Penzo, J, Pepperell, K, Pereira, R, Cippo, Ep, von Thun, Cp, Pericoli, V, Peruzzo, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrzilka, V, Philipps, V, Pigatto, L, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, de Sa, Wp, dos Reis, Ap, Piron, L, Piron, C, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Plyusnin, V, Poli, Fm, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, Og, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Poradzinski, M, Porfiri, Mt, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Poulipoulis, G, Powell, T, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, Me, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, Cj, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, Jj, Rathod, K, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravera, G, Rebai, M, Reed, A, Refy, D, Regana, J, Reich, M, Reid, N, Reimold, F, Reinhart, M, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Rendell, D, Reux, C, Cortes, Sdar, Reynolds, S, Ricci, D, Richiusa, M, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, Fg, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez, J, Rohde, V, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rowe, S, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Sabot, R, Saez, X, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Saibene, G, Saleem, M, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Samm, U, Sandiford, D, Santa, P, Santala, Mik, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sartori, F, Sartori, R, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Schluck, F, Schlummer, T, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schopf, K, Schweinzer, J, Schworer, D, Scott, Sd, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Sharapov, Se, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shiraki, D, Shumack, A, Sias, G, Sibbald, M, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, J, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simmons, P, Simpson, J, Sinha, A, Sipila, Sk, Sips, Acc, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skiba, M, Skilton, R, Skvara, V, Slade, B, Smith, R, Smith, P, Smith, Sf, Snoj, L, Soare, S, Solano, Er, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Sonato, P, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Sparapani, 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I, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Vale, R, Valentinuzzi, M, Valerii, K, Valisa, M, Olivares, Pv, Valovic, M, Van Eester, D, Van Renterghem, W, van Rooij, Gj, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasava, K, Vasilopoulou, T, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, Gv, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villari, S, Villone, F, Vincent, M, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, M, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, von Toussaint, U, Vondracek, P, Vuksic, M, Wakeling, B, Waldon, C, Walkden, N, Walker, R, Walker, M, Walsh, M, Wang, N, Wang, E, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Webb, M, Weckmann, A, Weiland, J, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, Am, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, Am, Wiesen, S, Wilkie, G, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, J, Wilson, I, Wilson, Hr, Wischmeier, M, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, R, Woodley, C, Wray, S, Wright, Jc, Wright, P, Wukitch, S, Wynn, A, Xiang, L, Xu, T, Xue, Y, Yadikin, D, Yakovenko, Y, Yanling, W, Yavorskij, V, Young, I, Young, R, Young, D, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zarins, R, Fernandez, Dz, Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Tokamak, Plasma turbulence, Extrapolation, turbulence, transport, plasma, JET, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, jet, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, plasma, Physics, Shearing (physics), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Turbulence, Plasma, Mechanics, JET, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Pinch
Abstract: See also: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 61, 104002 (2019)Special Issue on the 2018 Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on the Theory of Fusion Plasmas; International audience; Developing successful tokamak operation scenarios, as well as confident extrapolation of present-day knowledge requires a rigorous understanding of plasma turbulence, which largely determines the quality of the confinement. In particular, accurate particle transport predictions are essential due to the strong dependence of fusion power or bootstrap current on the particle density details. Here, gyrokinetic turbulence simulations are performed with physics inputs taken from a JET power scan, for which a relatively weak degradation of energy confinement and a significant density peaking is obtained with increasing input power. This way physics parameters that lead to such increase in the density peaking shall be elucidated. While well-known candidates, such as the collisionality, previously found in other studies are also recovered in this study, it is furthermore found that edge $E×B$ shearing may adopt a crucial role by enhancing the inward pinch. These results may indicate that a plasma with rotational shear could develop a stronger density peaking as compared to a non-rotating one, because its inward convection is increased compared to the outward diffusive particle flux as long as this rotation has a significant on $E$X$B$ flow shear stabilisation. The possibly significant implications for future devices, which will exhibit much less torque compared to present day experiments, are discussed.
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29. Molecular determinants of Ras-mTORC2 signaling.

Author: Smith SF, Islam AFMT, Alimukhamedov S, Weiss ET, and Charest PG
Subjects: Protozoan Proteins metabolism, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Protozoan Proteins chemistry, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Dictyostelium metabolism, Dictyostelium genetics, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 metabolism, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 genetics, Signal Transduction, ras Proteins metabolism
Abstract: Recent research has identified the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) as a conserved direct effector of Ras proteins. While previous studies suggested the involvement of the Switch I (SWI) effector domain of Ras in binding mTORC2 components, the regulation of the Ras-mTORC2 pathway is not entirely understood. In Dictyostelium, mTORC2 is selectively activated by the Ras protein RasC, and the RasC-mTORC2 pathway then mediates chemotaxis to cAMP and cellular aggregation by regulating the actin cytoskeleton and promoting cAMP signal relay. Here, we investigated the role of specific residues in RasC's SWI, C-terminal allosteric domain, and hypervariable region (HVR) related to mTORC2 activation. Interestingly, our results suggest that RasC SWI residue A31, which was previously implicated in RasC-mediated aggregation, regulates RasC's specific activation by the Aimless RasGEF. On the other hand, our investigation identified a crucial role for RasC SWI residue T36, with secondary contributions from E38 and allosteric domain residues. Finally, we found that conserved basic residues and the adjacent prenylation site in the HVR, which are crucial for RasC's membrane localization, are essential for RasC-mTORC2 pathway activation by allowing for both RasC's own cAMP-induced activation and its subsequent activation of mTORC2. Therefore, our findings revealed new determinants of RasC-mTORC2 pathway specificity in Dictyostelium, contributing to a deeper understanding of Ras signaling regulation in eukaryotic cells., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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30. Applications of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis and Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer.

Author: Smith SF, Brewer DS, Hurst R, and Cooper CS
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among men in the UK, causing significant health and economic burdens. Diagnosis and risk prognostication can be challenging due to the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer as well as uncertainties in our knowledge of the underlying biology and natural history of disease development. Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microscopic, lipid bilayer defined particles released by cells that carry a variety of molecular cargoes including nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules. Urine is a plentiful source of prostate-derived EVs. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence on the function of urinary EVs and their applications in the evolving field of prostate cancer diagnostics and active surveillance. EVs are implicated in the development of all hallmarks of prostate cancer, and this knowledge has been applied to the development of multiple diagnostic tests, which are largely based on RNA and miRNA. Common gene probes included in multi-probe tests include PCA3 and ERG , and the miRNAs miR-21 and miR-141. The next decade will likely bring further improvements in the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers as well as insights into molecular biological mechanisms of action that can be translated into opportunities in precision uro-oncology.
Published: 2024
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31. Evaluating the Activity of Ras/Rap GTPases in Dictyostelium.

Author: Smith SF and Charest PG
Subjects: rap GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism, rap GTP-Binding Proteins genetics, Protozoan Proteins metabolism, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Signal Transduction, Protein Binding, Dictyostelium metabolism, Dictyostelium enzymology, Dictyostelium genetics, ras Proteins metabolism
Abstract: Ras and Rap small GTPases of the Ras superfamily act as molecular switches to control diverse cellular processes as part of different signaling pathways. Dictyostelium expresses several Ras and Rap proteins, and their study has and continues to greatly contribute to our understanding of their role in eukaryote biology. To study the activity of Ras and Rap proteins in Dictyostelium, several assays based on their interaction with the Ras binding domain of known eukaryotic Ras/Rap effectors have been developed and proved extremely useful to study their regulation and cellular roles. Here, we describe methods to assess Ras/Rap activity biochemically using a pull-down assay and through live-cell imaging using fluorescent reporters., (© 2024. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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32. Partners in academic endeavour: Characterising student engagement across internationally excellent medical schools.

Author: Freitas F, Leedham-Green KE, Smith SF, and Costa MJ
Subjects: Humans, Schools, Medical, Curriculum, Students, Faculty, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Students, Medical
Abstract: There is increasing interest in how student engagement can be enhanced in medical schools: not just engagement with learning but with broader academic practices such as curriculum development, research, organisational leadership, and community involvement. To foster evidence-based practice, it is important to understand how institutions from diverse sociocultural contexts achieve excellence in student engagement.We analysed 11 successful applications for an international award in student engagement and interviewed nine key informants from five medical schools across four continents, characterising how and why student engagement was fostered at these institutions.Document analysis revealed considerable consensus on the core practices of student engagement, as well as innovative and creative practices often in response to local strengths and challenges. The interviews uncovered the importance of an authentic partnership culture between students and faculty which sustained mutually beneficial enhancements across multiple domains. Faculty promoted, welcomed, and acted on student inputs, and students reported greater willingness to participate if they could see the benefits. These combined to create self-perpetuating virtuous cycles of academic endeavour. Successful strategies included having participatory values actively reinforced by senior leadership, engagement activities that are driven by both students and staff, and focusing on strategies with reciprocal benefits for all stakeholders.
Published: 2023
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33. Outcomes of a Live Messaging, Blended Care Coaching Program Among Adults With Symptoms of Anxiety: Pragmatic Retrospective Cohort Study.

Author: Owusu JT, Wang P, Wickham RE, Smith SF, Lee JL, Chen C, and Lungu A
Abstract: Background: Anxiety disorders are common and can be debilitating. In addition, various barriers exist that can hinder access to adequate care. Coaching that is grounded in evidence-based interventions and delivered via synchronous (ie, live) text-based messaging could potentially increase the reach of mental health services among populations who select this modality instead of other services (eg, face-to-face coaching and psychotherapy). In addition, the delivery of live messaging coaching within a blended care model has the potential to combine the benefits of coaching with those of evidence-based digital mental health tools., Objective: This real-world study evaluates the anxiety and satisfaction outcomes of live messaging coaching blended with digital tools (ie, digital exercises and activities)., Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 121 adults with moderate levels of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of coaching (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] scores: range 8-14). Participants received an employer-offered blended messaging coaching (BMC) program, and those who opted to receive all live coaching sessions via text-based messaging were included. Anxiety symptom severity was regularly measured by using the GAD-7 scale. Using growth curve models, the change in GAD-7 scores over the course of BMC was evaluated, as were the effects of text-based coaching sessions on GAD-7 scores. The proportion of participants that had a reliable improvement in anxiety symptom severity (GAD-7 score reduction of ≥4) or subclinical symptom severity (GAD-7 score of <8) at the end of care was also estimated. Participants also self-reported their likelihood of recommending their live messaging coach to someone with similar needs., Results: At baseline, the average GAD-7 score was 9.88 (SD 1.80). Anxiety symptom severity significantly decreased with each week in the BMC program (week: b=-1.04; P<.001), and the rate of decline in anxiety symptom severity decreased over time (week 2 : b=0.06; P<.001). Each live messaging coaching session was associated with significantly lower anxiety symptom severity during the week of the coaching session (b=-1.56; P<.001) and the week immediately following the session (b=-1.03; P<.001). Overall, 86% (104/121) of participants had subclinical symptom severity or a reliable reduction in anxiety symptom severity by the end of care. Further, 33.1% (40/121) of participants reported coaching satisfaction levels; of the 40 participants in this subset, 37 (92.5%) were likely or extremely likely to recommend their live messaging coach., Conclusions: BMC that provides coaching sessions via live messaging can be beneficial for adults with moderate symptoms of anxiety who qualify for and self-select this care modality. Large-scale studies with longer follow-ups are needed., (©Jocelynn T Owusu, Pam Wang, Robert E Wickham, Sarah F Smith, Jennifer L Lee, Connie Chen, Anita Lungu. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 01.02.2023.)
Published: 2023
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34. Appeasement: replacing Stockholm syndrome as a definition of a survival strategy.

Author: Bailey R, Dugard J, Smith SF, and Porges SW
Subjects: Child, Humans, Female, Adaptation, Psychological, Emotions, Intimate Partner Violence, Child Abuse, Sexual psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology
Abstract: Background: Stockholm syndrome or traumatic bonding (Painter & Dutton, Patterns of emotional bonding in battered women: Traumatic bonding. International Journal of Women's Studies , 8 (4), 363-375, 1985) has been used in mainstream culture, legal, and some clinical settings to describe a hypothetical phenomenon of trauma survivors developing powerful emotional attachments to their abuser. It has frequently been used to explain the reported 'positive bond' between some kidnap victims and their captor's, although scarce empirical research has supported this assertion. It has been used in various situations where interpersonal violence and mind control are reported and where clear power differentials exist, such as in child sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, human trafficking, and hostage situation scenarios. Objective: We propose replacing Stockholm syndrome with 'appeasement,' a term that can be explained through a biopsychological model (i.e. Polyvagal Theory) to describe how survivors may appear emotionally connected with their perpetrators to effectively adapt to life-threatening situations by calming the perpetrator. Conclusion: We believe the term appeasement will demystify the reported survivor experiences and will, in the eyes of the public, victims, and survivors, provide a science-based explanation for their narratives of survival that may initially appear to be contradictory. By understanding the potent reflexive neurobiological survival mechanisms embedded in appeasement, individuals and families can operationalise their survival from a perspective that supports resilience, a healthy long-term recovery, and normalises their coping responses as survival techniques.
Published: 2023
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35. A case report of bladder leiomyoma: an unusual bladder tumour.

Author: Stanescu A, Smith SF, Ball R, Reddy U, and Tsiotras A
Abstract: Leiomyomas are benign mesenchymal tumours that rarely arise in the bladder. We present a case of a 53-year-old female who was incidentally diagnosed with a bladder leiomyoma identified on CT imaging performed for investigation of a urachal remnant. We discuss the investigation and management of this lesion in the context of modern urology practice. An awareness of this unusual tumour is important for urologists, who may encounter similar cases in their general urology practice., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2022.)
Published: 2022
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36. Associations between responses to voices, distress and appraisals during daily life: an ecological validation of the cognitive behavioural model.

Author: Fielding-Smith SF, Greenwood KE, Wichers M, Peters E, and Hayward M
Subjects: Cognition, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Emotions, Humans, Hallucinations psychology, Voice
Abstract: Background: Cognitive models propose that behavioural responses to voices maintain distress by preventing disconfirmation of negative beliefs about voices. We used Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) to examine the hypothesized maintenance role of behavioural responses during daily life., Method: Thirty-one outpatients with frequent voices completed a smartphone-based ESM questionnaire 10 times a day over 9 days, assessing voice-related distress; resistance and compliance responses to voices; voice characteristics (intensity and negative content); appraisals of voice dominance, uncontrollability and intrusiveness., Results: In line with predictions, behavioural responses were associated with voice appraisals (dominance and uncontrollability), but not voice characteristics. Greater resistance and compliance were reported in moments of increased voice distress, but these associations did not persist after controlling for concurrent voice appraisals and characteristics. Voice distress was predicted by appraisals, and, unexpectedly, also by voice characteristics. As predicted, compliance and resistance were related to increases in distress at subsequent timepoints, whilst antecedent voice appraisals and characteristics had no such effect. Compliance, but not resistance, additionally predicted subsequent increases in voice uncontrollability. In both cases, the reverse models showed no association, indicating directional effects of responses on subsequent distress, and of compliance on uncontrollability appraisals., Conclusions: These results provide support for the cognitive model by suggesting that momentary behavioural and emotional responses to voices are associated with concurrent negative voice appraisals. Findings suggest that behavioural responses may be driven by voice appraisals, rather than directly by distress, and may in turn maintain voice appraisals and associated distress during the course of daily life.
Published: 2022
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37. On pandemics and pivots: a COVID-19 reflection on envisioning the future of medical education.

Author: Han H, Clithero-Eridon A, Costa MJ, Dennis CA, Dorsey JK, Ghias K, Hopkins A, Jabeen K, Klamen D, Matos S, Mellinger JD, Peters H, Pitama S, Smith CL, Smith SF, Suh B, Suh S, and Zdravković M
Subjects: Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Schools, Medical, COVID-19, Education, Medical
Abstract: The required adjustments precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis have been challenging, but also represent a critical opportunity for the evolution and potential disruptive and constructive change of medical education. Given that the format of medical education is not fixed, but malleable and in fact must be adaptable to societal needs through ongoing reflexivity, we find ourselves in a potentially transformative learning phase for the field. An Association for Medical Education in Europe ASPIRE Academy group of 18 medical educators from seven countries was formed to consider this opportunity, and identified critical questions for collective reflection on current medical education practices and assumptions, with the attendant challenge to envision the future of medical education. This was achieved through online discussion as well as asynchronous collective reflections by group members. Four major themes and related conclusions arose from this conversation: Why we teach: the humanitarian mission of medicine should be reinforced; what we teach: disaster management, social accountability and embracing an environment of complexity and uncertainty should be the core; how we teach: open pathways to lean medical education and learning by developing learners embedded in a community context; and whom we teach: those willing to take professional responsibility. These collective reflections provide neither fully matured digests of the challenges of our field, nor comprehensive solutions; rather they are offered as a starting point for medical schools to consider as we seek to harness the learning opportunities stimulated by the pandemic.
Published: 2021
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38. In vitro characterisation of ultrasound-induced heating effects in the mother and fetus: A clinical perspective.

Author: Smith SF, Miloro P, Axell R, Ter Haar G, and Lees C
Abstract: Introduction: The quantification of heating effects during exposure to ultrasound is usually based on laboratory experiments in water and is assessed using extrapolated parameters such as the thermal index. In our study, we have measured the temperature increase directly in a simulator of the maternal-fetal environment, the 'ISUOG Phantom', using clinically relevant ultrasound scanners, transducers and exposure conditions., Methods: The study was carried out using an instrumented phantom designed to represent the pregnant maternal abdomen and which enabled temperature recordings at positions in tissue mimics which represented the skin surface, sub-surface, amniotic fluid and fetal bone interface. We tested four different transducers on a commercial diagnostic scanner. The effects of scan duration, presence of a circulating fluid, pre-set and power were recorded., Results: The highest temperature increase was always at the transducer-skin interface, where temperature increases between 1.4°C and 9.5°C were observed; lower temperature rises, between 0.1°C and 1.0°C, were observed deeper in tissue and at the bone interface. Doppler modes generated the highest temperature increases. Most of the heating occurred in the first 3 minutes of exposure, with the presence of a circulating fluid having a limited effect. The power setting affected the maximum temperature increase proportionally, with peak temperature increasing from 4.3°C to 6.7°C when power was increased from 63% to 100%., Conclusions: Although this phantom provides a crude mimic of the in vivo conditions, the overall results showed good repeatability and agreement with previously published experiments. All studies showed that the temperature rises observed fell within the recommendations of international regulatory bodies. However, it is important that the operator should be aware of factors affecting the temperature increase., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2020.)
Published: 2021
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39. A practical guide to fostering teaching excellence in clinical education: experience from the UK.

Author: Vassie C, Mulki O, Chu A, and Smith SF
Subjects: Educational Status, Humans, Teaching, United Kingdom, Curriculum, Professional Competence
Published: 2021
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40. Balloon bursting: transurethral puncture of a Foley catheter balloon.

Author: Smith SF and Sengupta A
Abstract: We describe the case of a 76-year-old male who presented with a retained Foley catheter. On the initial attempt to deflate the Foley catheter with a syringe attached to the inflation port, no fluid was aspirated. Using a flexible cystoscope passed alongside the catheter, the balloon was punctured under direct vision with an intravesical needle passed through the cystoscope working channel. We discuss this innovative and safe method for balloon puncture via the transurethral route that can be achieved in the urology outpatient or endoscopy suite., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021.)
Published: 2021
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41. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma preferentially takes up and is suppressed by synthetic nanoparticles carrying apolipoprotein A-II and a lipid gemcitabine prodrug in mice.

Author: Smith RC, Bulanadi JC, Gill AJ, Rye KA, Hugh T, Proschogo N, Smith SF, Phillips L, Gong X, Julovi SM, Xue A, and Moghaddam MJ
Subjects: Animals, Apolipoprotein A-II chemistry, Apolipoprotein A-II pharmacology, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Deoxycytidine administration & dosage, Deoxycytidine chemistry, Deoxycytidine pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL chemistry, Male, Mice, Nanoparticles, Particle Size, Prodrugs chemistry, Prodrugs pharmacology, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Gemcitabine, Apolipoprotein A-II administration & dosage, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal drug therapy, Deoxycytidine analogs & derivatives, Pancreatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Prodrugs administration & dosage, Scavenger Receptors, Class B metabolism
Abstract: We hypothesised that synthetic HDL nanoparticles carrying a gemcitabine prodrug and apolipoprotein A-II (sHDLGemA2) would target scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1) to preferentially and safely deliver gemcitabine into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We designed, manufactured and characterised sHDLGemA2 nanoparticles sized ~130 nm, incorporating 20 mol% of a gemcitabine prodrug within the lipid bilayer, which strengthens on adding ApoA-II. We measured their ability to inhibit growth in cell lines and cell-derived and patient-derived murine PDAC xenografts. Fluorescent-labelled sHDLGemA2 delivered gemcitabine inside xenografts. Xenograft levels of active gemcitabine after sHDLGemA2 were similar to levels after high-dose free gemcitabine. Growth inhibition in mice receiving 4.5 mg gemcitabine/kg/d, carried in sHDLGemA2, was equivalent to inhibition after high-dose (75 mg/kg/d) free gemcitabine, and greater than inhibition after low-dose (4.5 mg/kg/d) free gemcitabine. sHDLGemA2 slowed growth in semi-resistant cells and a resistant human xenograft. sHDLGemA2 targeted xenografts more effectively than sHDLGemA1. SR-B1 was over-expressed in PDAC cells and xenografts. Targeting by ApoA-II was suppressed by anti-SR-B1. Because sHDLGemA2 provided only ~6% of the free gemcitabine dose for an equivalent response, patient side effects can be greatly reduced, and the sHDLGemA2 concept should be developed through clinical trials., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2020
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42. Ras, PI3K and mTORC2 - three's a crowd?

Author: Smith SF, Collins SE, and Charest PG
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Signal Transduction, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Genes, ras, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases genetics, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases metabolism
Abstract: The Ras oncogene is notoriously difficult to target with specific therapeutics. Consequently, there is interest to better understand the Ras signaling pathways to identify potential targetable effectors. Recently, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) was identified as an evolutionarily conserved Ras effector. mTORC2 regulates essential cellular processes, including metabolism, survival, growth, proliferation and migration. Moreover, increasing evidence implicate mTORC2 in oncogenesis. Little is known about the regulation of mTORC2 activity, but proposed mechanisms include a role for phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate - which is produced by class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks), well-characterized Ras effectors. Therefore, the relationship between Ras, PI3K and mTORC2, in both normal physiology and cancer is unclear; moreover, seemingly conflicting observations have been reported. Here, we review the evidence on potential links between Ras, PI3K and mTORC2. Interestingly, data suggest that Ras and PI3K are both direct regulators of mTORC2 but that they act on distinct pools of mTORC2: Ras activates mTORC2 at the plasma membrane, whereas PI3K activates mTORC2 at intracellular compartments. Consequently, we propose a model to explain how Ras and PI3K can differentially regulate mTORC2, and highlight the diversity in the mechanisms of mTORC2 regulation, which appear to be determined by the stimulus, cell type, and the molecularly and spatially distinct mTORC2 pools., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
Published: 2020
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43. Not such a small diagnosis: small cell carcinoma of the prostate.

Author: Rauf A, Smith SF, Mukherjee R, and Nasir N
Abstract: Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is an aggressive malignancy most commonly described in the lung. We present a case of a 61-year-old male who presented with a neck swelling and was subsequently found to have metastatic SCC of the prostate. Clinicians should be aware that it metastasizes early. Unlike conventional prostate adenocarcinoma, it is not a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secreting tumor hence serum levels do not correlate with disease severity, and a low PSA reading may give false reassurance. In the future, further studies on genomic typing and novel targeted therapies may achieve better clinical outcomes for patients with this aggressive type of prostate cancer., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020.)
Published: 2020
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44. Pilot randomised controlled trial of a brief coping-focused intervention for hearing voices blended with smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention (SAVVy): Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary clinical outcomes.

Author: Bell IH, Rossell SL, Farhall J, Hayward M, Lim MH, Fielding-Smith SF, and Thomas N
Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological, Feasibility Studies, Hearing, Humans, Pilot Projects, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Smartphone
Abstract: Background: Voice-hearing experiences can be distressing and impairing, and existing psychological treatments show modest effectiveness. Ecological momentary assessment and intervention (EMA/I) are two promising approaches which may be used as digital tools to support and enhance existing psychological therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential clinical utility of smartphone-based EMA/I in a blended, coping focused therapy for voice-hearing experiences., Method: This pilot RCT focused on feasibility, acceptability and preliminary estimations of efficacy. Thirty-four participants with persisting and distressing voices were randomised to receive the four-session intervention along-side treatment-as-usual (TAU) or TAU-only., Results: Findings supported the feasibility and acceptability of the approach, with good engagement and satisfaction rates, and clinical outcomes showed the intervention holds promise for improving coping, overall severity of voices and to some degree their negative impact., Conclusion: This is the first examination of the use of EMA/I in a blended therapy for psychotic experiences, with findings suggesting these technologies show promise as clinical tools., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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45. Psychopathy as an Emergent Interpersonal Syndrome: Further Reflections and Future Directions.

Author: Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL, Murphy B, Costello TH, Bowes SM, Smith SF, Latzman RD, Haslam N, and Tabb K
Subjects: Female, Humans, Male, Syndrome, Antisocial Personality Disorder diagnosis, Personality Inventory standards
Abstract: In our article (Lilienfeld et al., 2019), we hypothesized that psychopathy and some other personality disorders are emergent interpersonal syndromes (EISs): interpersonally malignant configurations of distinct personality subdimensions. We respond to three commentaries by distinguished scholars who raise provocative challenges to our arguments and intriguing suggestions for future research. We clarify the role of folk concepts in our understanding of psychopathy, offer further suggestions for testing our interactional hypotheses, consider the role of boldness in motivational accounts of psychopathy, and discuss future directions for incorporating developmental considerations and the role of victims in our EIS account. We are optimistic that this account will prove to be of heuristic value, and should encourage researchers and theoreticians to explore alternative models of psychopathy and other personality disorders.
Published: 2019
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46. Personality Disorders as Emergent Interpersonal Syndromes: Psychopathic Personality as a Case Example.

Author: Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL, Murphy B, Costello TH, Bowes SM, Smith SF, Latzman RD, Haslam N, and Tabb K
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Male, Syndrome, Antisocial Personality Disorder diagnosis, Psychopathology methods
Abstract: Personality disorders have long been bedeviled by a host of conceptual and methodological quandaries. Starting from the assumption that personality disorders are inherently interpersonal conditions that reflect folk concepts of social impairment, the authors contend that a subset of personality disorders, rather than traditional syndromes, are emergent interpersonal syndromes (EISs): interpersonally malignant configurations (statistical interactions) of distinct personality dimensions that may be only modestly, weakly, or even negatively correlated. Preliminary support for this perspective derives from a surprising source, namely, largely forgotten research on the intercorrelations among the subscales of select MMPI/MMPI-2 clinical scales. Using psychopathic personality as a case example, the authors offer provisional evidence for the EIS hypothesis from four lines of research and delineate its implications for personality disorder theory, research, and classification. Conceptualizing some personality disorders as EISs elucidates long-standing quandaries and controversies in the psychopathology literature and affords fruitful avenues for future investigation.
Published: 2019
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47. Clinical teaching fellowships - enhancing the out of programme experience through a peer network.

Author: Chu A, Morton C, Pye C, Ghani L, and Smith SF
Published: 2019
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48. Potts puffy tumour: a rare but important diagnosis.

Author: Hasan I, Smith SF, and Hammond-Kenny A
Abstract: Potts puffy tumour (PPT) is a subperiosteal abscess arising from frontal bone osteomyelitis. We present a case of a 75-year-old lady with headache and a forehead swelling who was initially treated for sinusitis and giant cell arteritis in a primary care setting, but failed to improve. Following clinical deterioration and further investigation, CT appearances were consistent with a diagnosis of PPT and an extra-axial collection. Needle decompression, frontal trephine and endoscopic frontal sinusotomy were performed and intraoperative swabs cultured Streptococcus constellatus PPT is an unusual clinical entity that benefits from prompt antibiotic and surgical management, and therefore early recognition is paramount. We highlight that PPT should be a differential diagnosis in all patients presenting with forehead or frontal swelling. Use of radiological imaging (CT/MRI) is necessary to not only confirm a diagnosis of PPT but to identify further intracranial complications, which can be life-threatening.
Published: 2019
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49. Do psychopathic birds of a feather flock together? Psychopathic personality traits and romantic preferences.

Author: Watts AL, Rohr JC, McCauley KL, Smith SF, Howe KL, and Lilienfeld SO
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder physiopathology, Choice Behavior physiology, Sexual Behavior physiology, Social Perception
Abstract: Objective: The goal of the present studies was to investigate whether people are especially attracted to psychopathic traits, and whether there are individual differences in such attraction., Method: Female undergraduates (N = 270; M age = 19; 57% White, 20% Asian, 8% Black) and female and male community members (N = 426; M age = 37; 56% female; 81% Caucasian, 10% African American, 4% Asian) reported on their own personality and constructed their ideal mate for a dating, short-term, and long-term relationship from a list of 70 characteristics drawn from well-validated criteria for psychopathic personality and diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 personality disorders (PDs)., Results: Across both studies, absolute romantic preferences for psychopathic traits collapsed across time point were low on average, but higher than those for most all other PDs. In addition, they were higher for Factor 1 (i.e., interpersonal/affective) as opposed to Factor 2 (i.e., impulsive, antisocial) psychopathy traits. Participants with marked PD features, including Factor 2 psychopathy traits, were more inclined than others to endorse a preference for psychopathic males., Conclusions: Relative attraction to psychopathic males and observed homophily may be avenues through which psychopathic traits persist in the population across time., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Published: 2019
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50. Computer Programming: Should Medical Students Be Learning It?

Author: Morton CE, Smith SF, Lwin T, George M, and Williams M
Abstract: Background: The ability to construct simple computer programs (coding) is being progressively recognized as a life skill. Coding is now being taught to primary-school children worldwide, but current medical students usually lack coding skills, and current measures of computer literacy for medical students focus on the use of software and internet safety. There is a need to train a cohort of doctors who can both practice medicine and engage in the development of useful, innovative technologies to increase efficiency and adapt to the modern medical world., Objective: The aim of the study was to address the following questions: (1) is it possible to teach undergraduate medical students the basics of computer coding in a 2-day course? (2) how do students perceive the value of learning computer coding at medical school? and (3) do students see computer coding as an important skill for future doctors?, Methods: We developed a short coding course to teach self-selected cohorts of medical students basic coding. The course included a 2-day introduction on writing software, discussion of computational thinking, and how to discuss projects with mainstream computer scientists, and it was followed on by a 3-week period of self-study during which students completed a project. We explored in focus groups (FGs) whether students thought that coding has a place in the undergraduate medical curriculum., Results: Our results demonstrate that medical students who were complete novices at coding could be taught enough to be able to create simple, usable clinical programs with 2 days of intensive teaching. In addition, 6 major themes emerged from the FGs: (1) making sense of coding, (2) developing the students' skill set, (3) the value of coding in medicine, research, and business, (4) role of teaching coding in medical schools, (5) the concept of an enjoyable challenge, and (6) comments on the course design., Conclusions: Medical students can acquire usable coding skills in a weekend course. They valued the teaching and identified that, as well as gaining coding skills, they had acquired an understanding of its potential both for their own projects and in health care delivery and research. They considered that coding skills teaching should be offered as an optional part of the medical curriculum., (©Caroline E Morton, Susan F Smith, Tommy Lwin, Michael George, Matt Williams. Originally published in JMIR Medical Education (http://mededu.jmir.org), 22.03.2019.)
Published: 2019
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