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1. An enigmatic euchelicerate from the Mississippian (Serpukhovian) and insights into invertebrate preservation in the Bear Gulch Limestone, Montana

Author

Bicknell, Russell D. C., Kimmig, Julien, Smith, Patrick M., Scherer, Torsten, American Museum of Natural History Library, Bicknell, Russell D. C., Kimmig, Julien, Smith, Patrick M., and Scherer, Torsten

Subjects
Arthropoda, Fossil, Classification, Marine invertebrates, Fossil, Mississippian, Montana, Paleontology, Titanoprosoma edgecombei
Published
2024

7. A New Archaeostomatopod from the Pennsylvanian Wea Shale Member, Nebraska.

Author

Bicknell, Russell D.C., Smith, Patrick M., Klompmaker, Adiël A., and Hegna, Thomas A.

Subjects
*ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, *BLACK shales, *STOMATOPODA, *SCANNING electron microscopy, *SHALE
Abstract

Mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda) are extant, marine, predatory arthropods, but these malacostracan pancrustaceans are also occasionally preserved in fossil assemblages, particularly in Carboniferous and Cretaceous deposits. Carboniferous species fall into two suborders—Palaeostomatopodea and Archaeostomatopodea—and represent the ancestral forms that gave rise to modern lineages. Herein, we describe hitherto unknown specimens belonging to the archaeostomatopod genus Tyrannophontes from the Pennsylvanian-aged Wea Shale Member, eastern Nebraska. We explore the preservation of these fossils using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These approaches reveal additional morphological characteristics, including unique appendicular data, such as the earliest occurrence of biramous gilled appendages in Stomatopoda. We suggest that further examination of black shales will likely uncover novel records of these rare pancrustaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. An Atlas of Malformed Trilobites from North American Repositories Part 2. The American Museum of Natural History.

Author

Bicknell, Russell D.C., Smith, Patrick M., and Hopkins, Melanie J.

Subjects
*TRILOBITES, *NATURAL history museums, *WOUNDS & injuries, *PALEOECOLOGY, *HUMAN abnormalities
Abstract

Trilobites with malformations present important insight into the paleoecology of the wholly extinct arthropod group. This includes records of failed predation, developmental complications, and parasitic interactions. The documentation of malformed trilobites therefore allows for a more thorough understanding of these animals. Such summaries also permit larger-scale, synthetic works that consider patterns and processes associated with malformations to be developed. To expand the current record of malformed Cambrian through to Devonian trilobites, we report 16 novel specimens across 12 genera from deposits spanning Australia, Bolivia, Canada, the United States, and Wales. These specimens illustrate examples of injuries potentially caused by predation, molting, and accidental injury, teratological malformations, and pathological infestation. Possible predators; explanations for developmental, genetic, and recovery issues; as well as infestations are considered. Comparison of size distributions of malformed and nonmalformed Elrathia kingii indicates that primarily the largest specimens preserve malformations. This implies that either smaller specimens fully recovered from malformations or did not survive once the malformations were incurred. Continued documentation of malformed specimens will allow larger datasets to be compiled and further promote the use of malformations in understanding trilobite paleoecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. An Atlas of Malformed Trilobites from North American Repositories Part 1. The Indiana University Paleontological Collection.

Author

Bicknell, Russell D.C., Smith, Patrick M., and Miller-Camp, Jessica

Subjects
*FOSSIL arthropods, *FOSSILS, *TRILOBITES, *PALEONTOLOGY, *HUMAN abnormalities
Abstract

Malformed trilobites have been well documented within the arthropod fossil record and serve as valuable evidence for illustrating aspects of trilobite paleoecology associated with development, predation, and pathologies. Ongoing efforts to comprehensively document these malformations have uncovered important, often unique records for the extinct group, shedding light on post-malformation recovery processes and potential predators. A key means of recording new examples of these specimens has been the examination of historically important paleontological collections. To expand this approach, we examined the Deiss collection in the Indiana University Paleontology Collection and present four examples of malformations from Cambrian (Asaphiscus wheeleri, Dorypyge bispinosa, Wanneria walcottana), and Ordovician (Isotelus iowensis) species. These specimens reveal evidence of injuries, failed predation, and developmental complications. We explore the possible explanations for malformations and consider the current state of the art for evaluating trilobite malformations. Finally, the Deiss collection history and its ongoing contributions to Paleozoic fossils are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. The quest for an Australian Cambrian stage scale

Author

Laurie, John R., primary, Kruse, Peter D., additional, Brock, Glenn A., additional, Holmes, James D., additional, Jago, James B., additional, Betts, Marissa J., additional, Paterson, John R., additional, and Smith, Patrick M., additional

Published
2024
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14. Periostracum in Cambrian helcionelloid and rostroconch molluscs : comparison to modern taxa

Author

Oh, Yeongju, Peel, John S., Zhen, Yong yi, Smith, Patrick M., Lee, Mirinae, Park, Tae-Yoon S., Oh, Yeongju, Peel, John S., Zhen, Yong yi, Smith, Patrick M., Lee, Mirinae, and Park, Tae-Yoon S.

Abstract

The periostracum, a non-calcified organic layer that envelops the mineralized shell layer ('ostracum') of molluscs, acts as an initial framework for the calcified 'ostracum.' Despite its significance in biomineralization in molluscs, fossil examples of the periostracum are limited in the geological record, especially from the Palaeozoic era, due to its susceptibility to post-mortem decay. In this study, we describe radial threads found on the outer surface of Cambrian molluscs, including helcionelloids and rostroconchs, which we interpret as fossilized periostracal structures. These radial threads are observed in 13 species from five valid genera, exhibiting a widespread palaeogeographical distribution encompassing Gondwana (Australia), Siberia, western Laurentia (Utah), and eastern Laurentia (Greenland), and spanning Cambrian Stage 4-Drumian deposits. These radial threads always cover the outermost surface of shells, dividing it into regular intervals, and develop through incremental growth. They originate from the apical area of helcionelloids or the umbo of rostroconchs. Detailed examination has revealed that the radial threads initiate at the apical region, but may be absent from the protoconch (embryonic shell). The radial threads are most likely preserved by mineral encrustation on the periostracum. Similar, but not homologous, radial threads are found in other fossil and modern molluscan taxa, such as the adhesive radial lines of anomalodesmatan bivalves or the periostracal ridges of viviparid gastropods.

Published
2024
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21. Palaeontology from Australasia and beyond: Abstracts from Palaeo Down Under3 Perth, Western Australia, July 2023

Author

Martin, Sarah K., Archer, Michael, Allen, Heidi J., Badea, Daniel D., Beidatsch, Eleanor, Betts, Marissa J., Blake, Maria, Boan, Phillip C., Botha, Tory, Brock, Glenn A., Brosnan, Luke, Castle-Jones, Jack, Cramb, Jonathan, Pietri, Vanesa L. De, Donaldson, Sherri, Donato, Isabella, Dowding, Elizabeth M., Duncan, Ruairidh, Elson, Amy L., Farman, Roy M., Fergusen, Mahala A., Fjeld, Alyssa, Flannery, David, Frauenfelder, Timothy G., Gorter, John D., Gray, Michelle, Gray, Nigel, Haines, Peter, Hart, Lachlan J., Herbert, Emil B., Holland, Brooke E., Holmes, James D., Holmer, Lars, Hood, Ashleigh V.S., Ippolitov, Alexey P., Janis, Christine M., Kear, Benjamin P., Kelly, Sophie, Kitchener, Justin L., Laurie, John R., Leahey, Lucy G., Long, John A., Mantle, Daniel, Martin, David McB., Mays, Chris, McCurry, Matthew R., McGoldrick, Peter, Mensforth, Corinne L., Meyerkort, Rhys D., Nielsen-Smith, Christina A., Nel, Ryan, Newman-Martin, Jake, Oh, Yeongju, Paterson, John R., Pears, Jacob, Poropat, Stephen F., Reid, Catherine M., Reid, R. Pamela, Stretton, Stephanie A. Richter, Robertson, Ben, Ryan, Helen E., Salisbury, Steven W., Satterthwait, Donna, Schroeder, Natalie I., Shukla, Yogmaya, Slodownik, Miriam, Smith, Patrick M., Stephenson, Nile P., Surprenant, Rachel L., Thorn, Kailah M., Travouillon, Kenny J., Trinajstic, Kate M., Tripp, Madison, Vakil, Vikram, Weldon, Elizabeth A., White, Joshua, Willink, Robbert J., Wise, Gemma L., Woltz, Christina R., Young, George, Zhang, Zhiliang, Zhen, Yong Yi, and Ziegler, Tim

Abstract

Palaeo Down Under3 (PDU3), the now quadrennial conference of the Australasian Palaeontologists(AAP) association, was held in Perth, Western Australia, from the 10th–14th of July 2023. PDU3 showcased innovative research, outreach and education initiatives being conducted across Australasia and beyond by both local and international scientists. A total of 78 talks, 17 posters and 6 plenaries were presented across the five days, and covered a wide range of topics, geological timeframes, and fossil groups. AAP is proud to publish this compilation of PDU3 abstracts to illustrate the current and ongoing strength of Australasian palaeontology.Sarah K. Martin [Sarah.Martin@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Michael Archer [m.archer@unsw.edu.au], School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Heidi J. Allen [Heidi.allen@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Daniel D. Badea [badeadaniel.i13@gmail.com], Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Bulevard “Carol I”, Nr.11, 707006, Iași, Romania; Eleanor Beidatsch [ebeidats@myune.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Marissa J. Betts [mbetts7@une.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre/LLUNE, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Maria Blake [maria.blake@monash.edu], School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, 9 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Phillip C. Boan [pboan001@ucr.edu], University of California, Riverside, Geology 1242, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.; Tory Botha [tory.botha@adelaide.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Life Sciences Building, North Terrace Campus, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Glenn A. Brock [glenn.brock@mq.edu.au], School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Luke Brosnan [Luke.Brosnan@postgrad.curtin.edu.au], WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Building 500, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Jack Castle-Jones [jack.jones1@students.mq.edu.au], School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Jonathan Cramb [jonathan.cramb@qm.qld.gov.au], Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia; Vanesa L. De Pietri [vanesa.depietri@canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Sherri Donaldson [sherri.donaldson.oz@gmail.com], School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, The King’s Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, Scotland, U.K.; Elizabeth M. Dowding [dowdingem@gmail.com], Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstraße 28 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Ruairidh Duncan [ruairidh.duncan@monash.edu], Evans EvoMorph Lab, Room 226, 18 Innovation Walk, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Amy L. Elson [amy.elson@curtin.edu.au], WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Building 500, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Roy M. Farman [r.farman@unsw.edu.au], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Mahala A. Fergusen [mahala.fergusen@adelaide.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, Benham Building, North Terrace Campus, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Alyssa Fjeld [alyssa.fjeld@monash.edu], School of Biological Sciences, 18 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, and School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; David Flannery [david.flannery@qut.edu.au], School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; Timothy G. Frauenfelder [timothy.frauenfelder@gmail.com], University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; John D. Gorter [johngorter1@gmail.com], PO Box 711, Claremont, Western Australia 6910, Australia; Michelle Gray [m.gray@research.deakin.edu.au], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; Nigel Gray [nlg2225@gmail.com], GPO Box 2902, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Peter Haines [peter.haines@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Lachlan J. Hart [lachlan.hart@australian.museum], Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; Brooke E. Holland [b.holland@uq.net.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; James D. Holmes [jamesholmes83@gmail.com], Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden; Lars Holmer [lars.holmer@pal.uu.se], Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden; Ashleigh V.S. Hood [ashleigh.hood@unimelb.edu.au], School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Alexey P. Ippolitov [ippolitov.ap@gmail.com], School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka, 21 Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Christine M. Janis [christine_janis@brown.edu], Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K.; Benjamin P. Kear [benjamin.kear@em.uu.se], The Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Sophie Kelly [sophie.kelly@pg.canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Justin L. Kitchener [jkitche3@myune.edu.au], School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; John R. Laurie [john.r.laurie@gmail.com], Geoscience Australia, Symonston, Australian Capital Territory 2601, and School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Lucy G. Leahey [lucyleahey@hotmail.com], The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; John A. Long [john.long@flinders.edu.au], College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Daniel Mantle [dan.mantle@mgpalaeo.com.au], MGPalaeo, Unit 1, 5 Arvida Street, Malaga, Western Australia 6090, Australia; David McB. Martin [david.martin@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Chris Mays [cmays@ucc.ie], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, Cork T23 N73K, Ireland; Matthew R. McCurry [matthew.mccurry@austmus.gov.au], Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; Peter McGoldrick [p.mcgoldrick@utas.edu.au], CODES, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 66, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Corinne L. Mensforth [mens0009@flinders.edu.au], Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Rhys D. Meyerkort [meyerkortr@gmail.com], University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Christina Nielsen-Smith [c.nielsensmith@uq.net.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Ryan Nel [ryan2nel@gmail.com], Geology Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Jake Newman-Martin [jake.newman-martin@student.curtin.edu.au], Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Yeongju Oh [yjoh@kopri.re.kr], Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, 21990 Incheon, Republic of Korea, and Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; John R. Paterson [jpater20@une.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Jacob Pears [J.pears@imperial.ac.uk], School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Stephen F. Poropat [steve.poropat@curtin.edu.au], Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, and Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum of Natural History, Winton, Queensland 4735, Australia; Catherine M. Reid [catherine.reid@canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; R. Pamela Reid [preid@rsmas.miami.edu], Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, U.S.A., and Bahamas Marine EcoCentre, Miami, FL 33158, U.S.A.; Stephanie A. Richter Stretton [srichte2@myune.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Ben Robertson [ben.t.robertson@adelaide.edu.au], School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Mawson Building Room 107, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Helen E. Ryan [helen.ryan@museum.wa.gov.au], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia; Steven W. Salisbury [s.salisbury@uq.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Donna Satterthwait [Donna.Satterthwait@utas.edu.au], CODES, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 66, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Natalie I. Schroeder [Natalie.Schroeder@ga.gov.au], Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; Yogmaya Shukla [yogmayashukla@bsip.res.in; yogmayashukla@gmail.com], Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow-226007, India; Miriam Slodownik [miriam.slodownik@adelaide.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia 5005, Australia; Patrick M. Smith [Patrick.Smith@austmus.gov.au], Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Nile P. Stephenson [nps36@cam.ac.uk], Department of Zoology, Downing Pl, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K.; Rachel L. Surprenant [rsurp001@ucr.edu], University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.; Kailah M. Thorn [Kailah.thorn@museum.wa.gov.au], Department of Terrestrial Vertebrates, Western Australia Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6101, Australia; Kenny J. Travouillon [kenny.travouillon@museum.wa.gov.au], Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6101, Australia; Kate M. Trinajstic [K.Trinajstic@curtin.edu.au], School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Madison Tripp [madison.tripp@postgrad.curtin.edu.au], Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Vikram Vakil [vikram.vakil@uqconnect.edu.au], School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Elizabeth A. Weldon [l.weldon@deakin.edu.au], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; Joshua White [Joshua.white@anu.edu.au], Research School of Physics, Department of Materials Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, and Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; Robbert J. Willink [robblink@ozemail.com.au], 11 Coral Sea Court, Sunshine Beach, Queensland 4567, Australia; Gemma L. Wise [g.wise@uq.net.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Christina R. Woltz [cwoltz@stanford.edu], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, U.S.A; George Young [george.young@pg.canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Zhiliang Zhang[zhiliang.zhang@nigpas.ac.cn], Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of China; Yong Yi Zhen [yong-yi.zhen@regional.nsw.gov.au], Geological Survey of New South Wales, 947–953 Londonderry Road, Londonderry, New South Wales 2753, Australia; Tim Ziegler [tziegler@museum.vic.gov.au], Museums Victoria Research Institute, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.

Published
2024
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22. Malformed trilobites from the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian of Australia.

Author

Bicknell, Russell D. C., Smith, Patrick M., and Paterson, John R.

Subjects
TRILOBITES, MOLTING, PREDATION, TRACE fossils, ARTHROPODA, HUMAN abnormalities
Abstract

Biomineralised remains of trilobites provide important insight into the evolutionary history of a diverse, extinct group of arthropods. Their exoskeletons are also ideal for recording malformations, including evidence of post-injury repair. Re-examination of historic collections and the study of new specimens is important for enhancing knowledge on trilobite malformations across this diverse clade. To expand the records of these abnormalities and present explanations for their formation, we document eight malformed trilobite specimens, as well as one carcass, housed within the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection at Geoscience Australia in Canberra. We present examples of Asthenopsis, Burminresia, Centropleura, Coronocephalus, Dolicholeptus, Galahetes, Papyriaspis, and Xystridura from Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian deposits of Australia. Most of the malformed specimens show W-, U-, or L-shaped indentations that reflect injuries from either failed predation or complications during moulting, and a mangled carcass is ascribed to either successful predation or post-mortem scavenging. We also uncover examples of teratologies, such as bifurcated pygidial ribs and pygidial asymmetry, in addition to evidence of abnormal recovery (i.e., fusion of thoracic segments) from a traumatic incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Seismic compression of two compacted earth fills shaken by the 1994 northridge earthquake

Author

Stewart, Jonathan P, Smith, Patrick M, Whang, Daniel H, and Bray, Jonathan D

Subjects
compression, seismic effects, earthquakes, shear strain, California
Abstract

Seismic compression is defined as the accrual of contractive volumetric strain in unsaturated soil during strong shaking by earthquakes. We document and analyze two case histories (denoted school site and site A) of ground deformation from seismic compression in canyon fills strongly shaken by the Northridge earthquake. Site A had ground settlements up to about 18 cm, which damaged a structure, while the school site had settlements up to about 6 cm. For each site, we perform decoupled analyses of shear and volumetric strain. Shear strain is calculated using one-dimensional and two-dimensional ground response analyses, while volumetric strain is evaluated from shear strain using material-specific models derived from simple shear laboratory testing that incorporates important effects of fines content and as-compacted density and saturation. Analyses are repeated using a logic tree approach in which weights are assigned to multiple possible realizations of uncertain model parameters. At the school site, predicted settlements appear to be unbiased. At site A, the analyses successfully predict the shape of the settlement profile along a section, but the weighted average predictions are biased slightly too low. We speculate that the apparent site A bias can be explained by limited resolution of the site stratigraphy, bias in laboratory-derived volumetric strain models, and/or uncertainty in the estimated earthquake-induced settlements.

Published
2004

25. Seismic performance of hillside fills

Author

Stewart, Jonathan P, Bray, Jonathan D, McMahon, David J, Smith, Patrick M, and Kropp, Alan L

Subjects
earthquakes, ground failure, Northridge earthquake, seismic compression
Abstract

Permanent ground deformations in unsaturated, compacted hillside fills under seismic loading conditions are discussed, with emphasis given to fill performance during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. These movements represent a significant yet often unrecognized hazard to developed hillside areas, as relatively modest deformations induced widespread damage totaling hundreds of millions of dollars during the Northridge event. The development of grading standards in the Los Angeles area is reviewed to place the seismic fill deformation problem in context with other issues that have shaped design and construction practices for hillside fills. Field observational data on fill performance during the Northridge earthquake is presented, and typical ground distress patterns are found to include cracking near cut/fill contacts, lateral extension and settlement of fill pads, and bulging of fill slope faces. For most sites, the prevalent mechanism of permanent ground deformation responsible for the fill movements is contractive volumetric strain accumulation within the unsaturated fill soils during strong earthquake shaking (that is, seismic compression).

Published
2001

27. A new species of Lorrettina(dokimocephalid trilobite) from the Iverian (Cambrian, Jiangshanian) of the Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory, Australia

Author

Smith, Patrick M.

Abstract

AbstractA previously unreported dokimocephalid trilobite, Lorrettina waterhouseisp. nov., is described herein from the Iverian (Jiangshanian, Cambrian) upper Goyder Formation, Amadeus Basin, central Australia. This is the first definitive biostratigraphic evidence for rocks of an Iverian (Jiangshanian) age in the Amadeus Basin. Correlation is made with the Chatsworth Limestone (=Gola beds) of the neighbouring Georgina Basin in Australia, as well as internationally to China, based on the generic occurrence. The biostratigraphic age of the unit is also supported by previous carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, further strengthening the interpretation.Patrick M. Smith [Patrick.Smith@austmus.gov.au], Palaeontology Department, Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia and, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.

Published
2024
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29. A new chigutisaurid (Brachyopoidea, Temnospondyli) with soft tissue preservation from the Triassic Sydney Basin, New South Wales, AustraliaCitation for this article: Hart, L. J., Gee, B. M., Smith, P. M., & McCurry, M. R. (2023) A new chigutisaurid (Brachyopoidea, Temnospondyli) with soft tissue preservation from the Triassic Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2023.2232829

Author

Hart, Lachlan J., primary, Gee, Bryan M., additional, Smith, Patrick M., additional, and McCurry, Matthew R., additional

Published
2022
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35. A Lagerstätte from Australia provides insight into the nature of Miocene mesic ecosystems

Author

McCurry, Matthew R., primary, Cantrill, David J., additional, Smith, Patrick M., additional, Beattie, Robert, additional, Dettmann, Mary, additional, Baranov, Viktor, additional, Magee, Charles, additional, Nguyen, Jacqueline M. T., additional, Forster, Marnie A., additional, Hinde, Jack, additional, Pogson, Ross, additional, Wang, Helen, additional, Marjo, Christopher E., additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, and Frese, Michael, additional

Published
2022
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36. Contributors

Author

Abadie, Valérie, primary, Abraham, Clara, additional, Adams, David H., additional, Agace, William W., additional, Alexander-Brett, Jennifer, additional, Alkhairy, Omar, additional, Ambite, Ines, additional, Anderson, Deborah J., additional, Artis, David, additional, Atmar, Robert L., additional, Aymeric, Laetitia, additional, Bachert, Claus, additional, Bakema, Jantine E., additional, Baker, Kristi, additional, Beagley, Kenneth W., additional, Befus, A.D., additional, Bemark, Mats, additional, Berin, M. Cecilia, additional, Berings, Margot, additional, Berzofsky, Jay A., additional, Bilej, Martin, additional, Biswas, Nabanita, additional, Blumberg, Richard S., additional, Bienenstock, John, additional, Bogdanos, Dimitrios, additional, Boirivant, Monica, additional, Boonnak, Kobporn, additional, Bracke, Ken R., additional, Brandtzaeg, Per, additional, Braun, Jonathan, additional, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, additional, Broadbent, Andrew J., additional, Bronson, Richard, additional, Brusselle, Guy G., additional, Bulmer, Judith N., additional, Butler, J.E., additional, Cardenas, Paul A., additional, Cebra, John J., additional, Cella, Marina, additional, Cerutti, Andrea, additional, Challacombe, Stephen J., additional, Chattha, Kuldeep, additional, Cheroutre, Hilde, additional, Chiba, Tsutomu, additional, Chorny, Alejo, additional, Clements, John D., additional, Colonna, Marco, additional, Cookson, William O.C., additional, Corbeil, Lynette B., additional, Corthésy, Blaise, additional, Cripps, Allan W., additional, van Crombruggen, Koen, additional, Pires da Cunha, Andre, additional, Cunningham-Rundles, Susanna, additional, Curtiss, Roy, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, de Jonge, Wouter J., additional, Deban, Livija, additional, Denning, Timothy L., additional, Di Santo, James P., additional, Diefenbach, Andreas, additional, DiRita, Victor J., additional, Downey, Jordan, additional, Du, Ming-Qing, additional, Edelblum, Karen L., additional, van Egmond, Marjolein, additional, Epple, H.-J., additional, Fagarasan, Sidonia, additional, Fahey, John V., additional, Ferris, Michael J., additional, Fichtner-Feigl, Stefan, additional, Fidel, Paul L., additional, Flach, Melanie, additional, Flavell, Richard, additional, Fleit, Howard B., additional, Franchini, Genoveffa, additional, Freytag, Lucy C., additional, Fuchs, Anja, additional, Fujihashi, kohtaro, additional, Fuss, Ivan J., additional, Gagliani, Nicola, additional, Garcia, Marta Rodriguez, additional, Garrett, Wendy S., additional, Gershwin, M. Eric, additional, Gevaert, Philippe, additional, Gleeson, Maree, additional, Godaly, Gabriela, additional, Goldblum, Randall M., additional, Gour, Naina, additional, Gursel, Mayda, additional, Hajishengallis, George, additional, Hammad, Hamida, additional, Hammarström, Lennart, additional, Hänninen, Arno, additional, Hanson, Lars Å., additional, Hayday, Adrian, additional, Herzog, Ronit, additional, Hodgins, Douglas C., additional, Holgate, Stephen T., additional, Holmgren, Jan, additional, Holtzman, Michael J., additional, Hook, Edward W., additional, Huber, Samuel, additional, Hurwitz, Julia L., additional, Ivanyi, Juraj, additional, Iwasaki, Akiko, additional, Jabri, Bana, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jacobs, Jonathan, additional, Jalkanen, Sirpa, additional, Janoff, Edward N., additional, Jerse, Ann E., additional, Jeyanathan, Mangalakumari, additional, Julian, Bruce A., additional, Kacskovics, Imre, additional, Kaetzel, Charlotte S., additional, Kaushic, Charu, additional, Kelsall, Brian L., additional, Kessans, Sarah, additional, Kesselring, Rebecca, additional, Kilian, Mogens, additional, Kiyono, Hiroshi, additional, Klinman, Dennis M., additional, Korotkova, Marina, additional, Kronenberg, Mitchell, additional, Krysko, Olga, additional, Kurono, Yuichi, additional, Kverka, Miloslav, additional, Lambrecht, Bart N., additional, Lamm, Michael E., additional, Lantz, Olivier, additional, Lash, Gendie E., additional, Lavelle, E.C., additional, Lefrancois, Leo, additional, Leung, Patrick S.C., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Lim, David J., additional, Lippolis, John, additional, Louis, Nancy A., additional, Luster, Andrew D., additional, Lutay, Nataliya, additional, Lycke, Nils, additional, Macpherson, Andrew J., additional, Mantis, Nicholas J., additional, Marcotte, Harold, additional, Martin, David H., additional, Mason, Hugh S., additional, Massa, Helen M., additional, Matoba, Nobuyuki, additional, Mayer, Lloyd, additional, Maynard, Craig L., additional, McElrath, M. Juliana, additional, McEntee, C., additional, McGhee, Jerry R., additional, McGuckin, Michael A., additional, Mestecky, Jiri, additional, Mikhak, Zamaneh, additional, Miller, Robert D., additional, Moldoveanu, Zina, additional, Montgomery, Paul C., additional, Mor, Tsafrir, additional, Neurath, Markus F., additional, Neyt, Katrijn, additional, Nicholson, Lindsay K., additional, Novak, Jan, additional, Nowicki, Stella, additional, O’Hagan, D.T., additional, O’Sullivan, Nancy L., additional, Ogra, Pearay, additional, Orihuela, Carlos, additional, Ouellette, André J., additional, Owen, Robert L., additional, Pabst, Oliver, additional, Parkos, Charles A., additional, Parreño, Viviana, additional, Patel, Mickey V., additional, Perez-Novo, Claudina, additional, Perkins, Darren J., additional, Prussin, Calman, additional, Pudney, Jeffrey, additional, Raghavan, Sukanya, additional, Rainard, Pascal, additional, Ramani, Sasirekha, additional, Randall, Troy D., additional, Raska, Milan, additional, Renukaradhya, Gourapura J., additional, Rescigno, Maria, additional, Rosenthal, Kenneth L., additional, Rothenberg, Marc E., additional, Ruemmele, Frank M., additional, Russell, Michael W., additional, Saif, Linda J., additional, Salinas, Irene, additional, Salmi, Marko, additional, Salmon, Henri, additional, Sampson, Hugh A., additional, Sansonetti, Philippe, additional, Schneider, T., additional, Serafini, Nicolas, additional, Sharma, Dolly, additional, Shen, Zheng, additional, Shi, Hai Ning, additional, Shirlaw, Penelope J., additional, Shivhare, Sourima B., additional, Smith, Phillip D., additional, Smith, Patrick M., additional, Smith, Daniel J., additional, Smythies, Lesley E., additional, Spencer, Jo, additional, Strober, Warren, additional, Subbarao, Kanta, additional, Svanborg, Catharina, additional, Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, additional, Taubman, Martin A., additional, Telemo, Esbjörn, additional, Thornhill, Martin H., additional, Thornton, David J., additional, Thuenemann, Eva, additional, Tlaskalova-Hogenova, Helena, additional, Tristram, Debra, additional, Trivedi, Palak, additional, Tuomanen, Elaine, additional, Turanek, Jaroslav, additional, Turner, Jerrold R., additional, Underdown, Brian J., additional, van Helden, Mary J., additional, Veazey, Ronald S., additional, Verdu, Elena F., additional, Vlasova, Anastasia, additional, Vliagoftis, Harissios, additional, Vogel, Stefanie N., additional, Walker, W. Allan, additional, Wang, Xiaolei, additional, Watanabe, Tomohiro, additional, Weaver, Casey T., additional, Weiner, Howard L., additional, Wells, Jerry M., additional, Wen, Ting, additional, Whittum-Hudson, Judith, additional, Whitsett, Jeffrey A., additional, Williams, Ifor R., additional, Wills-Karp, Marsha, additional, Wira, Charles R., additional, Woof, Jenny M., additional, Wotherspoon, Andrew C., additional, Xing, Zhou, additional, Xu, Huanbin, additional, Zaph, Colby, additional, Zeissig, Sebastian, additional, and Zeitz, M., additional

Published
2015
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43. Case history of landslide movement during the Northridge earthquake

Author

Pradel, Daniel, Smith, Patrick M., Stewart, Jonathan P., and Raad, Glen

Subjects
Earthquakes -- Research, Landslides -- Research, Earthquake resistant design -- Research, Environmental engineering -- Research, Shear (Mechanics) -- Research, Earth sciences, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

We document a case history of Northridge earthquake induced movement of a coherent landslide mass comprised principally of weathered, previously sheared siltstone. Information on the residual shear strength of the material through which the sliding occurred is available both from backanalysis of a static (rainfall-induced) failure on the same slope and laboratory test data. Postearthquake field reconnaissance data establishes the seismic slope displacements near the slope crest. A yield coefficient is estimated for the slope based on residual shear strengths and measured groundwater levels at the time of the Northridge earthquake. This yield coefficient is used with four horizontal equivalent acceleration time histories (that approximate the seismic demand within the slide mass) in Newmark sliding block displacement analyses. The calculated displacements range from approximately 20 to 90 mm, which compares well with observed displacements at the slide scarp of approximately 50 mm. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:11(1360) CE Database subject headings: Seismic effects: Slope stability; Residual strength; Shear strength; Earthquakes; Case reports; Landslides; California.

Published
2005

46. An earliest Triassic age for Tasmaniolimulus and comments on synchrotron tomography of Gondwanan horseshoe crabs.

Author

Bicknell, Russell D. C., Smith, Patrick M., Brougham, Tom, and Bevitt, Joseph J.

Subjects
LIMULIDAE, SYNCHROTRON radiation, TOMOGRAPHY, COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics, ECOLOGICAL niche
Abstract

Constraining the timing of morphological innovations within xiphosurid evolution is central for understanding when and how such a long-lived group exploited vacant ecological niches over the majority of the Phanerozoic. To expand the knowledge on the evolution of select xiphosurid forms, we reconsider the four Australian taxa: Austrolimulus fletcheri, Dubbolimulus peetae, Tasmaniolimulus patersoni, and Victalimulus mcqueeni. In revisiting these taxa, we determine that, contrary to previous suggestion, T. patersoni arose after the Permian and the origin of over-developed genal spine structures within Austrolimulidae is exclusive to the Triassic. To increase the availability of morphological data pertaining to these unique forms, we also examined the holotypes of the four xiphosurids using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography (SRXT). Such non-destructive, in situ imaging of palaeontological specimens can aid in the identification of novel morphological data by obviating the need for potentially extensive preparation of fossils from the surrounding rock matrix. This is particularly important for rare and/or delicate holotypes. Here, SRXT was used to emphasize A. fletcheri and T. patersoni cardiac lobe morphologies and illustrate aspects of the V. mcqueeni thoracetronic doublure, appendage impressions, and moveable spine notches. Unfortunately, the strongly compacted D. peetae precluded the identification of any internal structures, but appendage impressions were observed. The application of computational fluid dynamics to high-resolution 3D reconstructions are proposed to understand the hydrodynamic properties of divergent genal spine morphologies of austrolimulid xiphosurids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
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50. Solute trapping of group III, IV, and V elements in silicon by an aperiodic stepwise growth mechanism

Author

Reitano, Riccardo, Smith, Patrick M., and Aziz, Michael J.

Subjects
Solidification -- Analysis, Silicon -- Research, Physics
Abstract

The aperiodic stepwise growth model represents the partitioning of substitutional impurities and solute trapping of substitutional elements in silicon. The microscopic interface model correctly describes the orientation and velocity dependence of the partition coefficient for a given species. There is an empirical inverse correlation between two free parameters in this model and the equilibrium solute partition coefficient of a system.

Published
1994

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