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Contrary to Google Search's mission of delivering information from "many angles so you can form your own understanding of the world," we find that Google and its most prominent returned results - Wikipedia and YouTube - simply reflect a narrow set of culturally dominant views tied to the search language for complex topics like "Buddhism," "Liberalism," "colonization," "Iran" and "America." Simply stated, they present, to varying degrees, distinct information across the same search in different languages, a phenomenon we call language bias. This paper presents evidence and analysis of language bias and discusses its larger social implications. We find that our online searches and emerging tools like ChatGPT turn us into the proverbial blind person touching a small portion of an elephant, ignorant of the existence of other cultural perspectives. Language bias sets a strong yet invisible cultural barrier online, where each language group thinks they can see other groups through searches, but in fact, what they see is their own reflection.

Condensation and sublimation of ices at the surface of the planet is a key part of both the Martian H$_2$O and CO$_2$ cycles, either from a seasonal or diurnal aspect. While most of the ice is located within the polar caps, surface frost is known to be formed during nighttime down to equatorial latitudes. Here, we use data from the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) to monitor the diurnal and seasonal evolution of the ices at the surface of Mars over almost one Martian year. The unique local time coverage provided by the instrument allows us to observe the apparition of equatorial CO$_2$ frost in the second half of the Martian night around the equinoxes, to its sublimation at sunrise.

Temperature profiles retrieved using the first set of data of the Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer (EMIRS) obtained during the science phase of the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) are used for the analysis of migrating thermal tides in the Martian atmosphere. The selected data cover a solar longitude (LS) range of 60{\deg}-90{\deg} of Martian Year (MY) 36. The novel orbit design of the Hope Probe leads to a good geographic and local time coverage that significantly improves the analysis. Wave mode decomposition suggests dominant diurnal tide and important semi-diurnal tide with maximal amplitudes of 6K and 2K, respectively, as well as the existence of ~0.5K ter-diurnal tide. The results agree well with predictions by the Mars Planetary Climate Model (PCM), but the observed diurnal tide has an earlier phase (3h), and the semi-diurnal tide has an unexpectedly large wavelength (~200km)., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted by GRL special issue "The First Results from the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM)"

Data science education is increasingly involving human subjects and societal issues such as privacy, ethics, and fairness. Data scientists need to be equipped with skills to tackle the complexities of the societal context surrounding their data science work. In this paper, we offer insights into how to structure our data science classes so that they motivate students to deeply engage with material about societal context and lean into the types of conversations that will produce long lasting growth in critical thinking skills. In particular, we describe a novel assessment tool called participation portfolios, which is motivated by a framework that promotes student autonomy, self reflection, and the building of a learning community. We compare student participation before and after implementing this assessment tool, and our results suggest that this tool increased student participation and helped them move towards course learning objectives., Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

Deliberation among individuals online plays a key role in shaping the opinions that drive votes, purchases, donations and other critical offline behavior. Yet, the determinants of opinion-change via persuasion in deliberation online remain largely unexplored. Our research examines the persuasive power of $\textit{ethos}$ -- an individual's "reputation" -- using a 7-year panel of over a million debates from an argumentation platform containing explicit indicators of successful persuasion. We identify the causal effect of reputation on persuasion by constructing an instrument for reputation from a measure of past debate competition, and by controlling for unstructured argument text using neural models of language in the double machine-learning framework. We find that an individual's reputation significantly impacts their persuasion rate above and beyond the validity, strength and presentation of their arguments. In our setting, we find that having 10 additional reputation points causes a 31% increase in the probability of successful persuasion over the platform average. We also find that the impact of reputation is moderated by characteristics of the argument content, in a manner consistent with a theoretical model that attributes the persuasive power of reputation to heuristic information-processing under cognitive overload. We discuss managerial implications for platforms that facilitate deliberative decision-making for public and private organizations online.

Most stars form in binaries, and both stars may grow by accreting material from a circumbinary disc onto their personal discs. We suspect that in many cases a wide molecular wind will envelope a collimated atomic jet emanating from close to an orbiting young star. This so-called Circumbinary Scenario is explored here in order to find common identifiable properties. The dynamical set up is studied with three dimensional simulations with chemistry and cooling included. We extract the properties on scales of order 100\,AU and compare to the Co-Orbital Scenario in which the wind and jet sources are in orbit. We find that the rapid orbital motion generates a wide ionised sheath around the jet core with a large opening angle at the base. This is independent of the presence of the surrounding molecular outflow. However, the atomic jet is recollimated beyond ~ 55 AU when the molecular outflow restricts the motion of the ambient medium which, in turn, confines the jet. These physical properties are relayed to the optical H-alpha imaging, providing a means of distinguishing between models. The high excitation sheath and recollimation region can be explored on these scales through the next generation of instruments. However, in general, the amount and location of the ionised material, whether in the knots or the sheath, will depend on several parameters including the orbital period, axis alignment and pulse amplitude., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Observations of water ice clouds and aerosols on Mars can provide important insights into the complexity of the water cycle. Recent observations have indicated an important link between dust activity and the water cycle, as intense dust activity can significantly raise the hygropause, and subsequently increase the escape of water after dissociation in the upper atmosphere. Here present observations from NOMAD/TGO that investigate the variation of water ice clouds in the perihelion season of Mars Year 34 (April 2018-19), their diurnal and seasonal behavior, and the vertical structure and microphysical properties of water ice and dust. These observations reveal the recurrent presence of a layer of mesospheric water ice clouds subsequent to the 2018 Global Dust Storm. We show that this layer rose from 45 to 80 km in altitude on a timescale of days from heating in the lower atmosphere due to the storm. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a strong dawn dusk asymmetry in water ice abundance, related to nighttime nucleation and subsequent daytime sublimation. Water ice particle sizes are retrieved consistently and exhibit sharp vertical gradients (from 0.1 to 4.0 um), as well as mesospheric differences between the Global Dust Storm (<0.5 um) and the 2019 regional dust storm (1.0 um), which suggests differing water ice nucleation efficiencies. These results form the basis to advance our understanding of mesospheric water ice clouds on Mars, and further constrain the interactions between water ice and dust in the middle atmosphere., Comment: Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets. 36 pages, 9 figures, 1 table