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6,772 results on '"Smith, Lee"'

1. Mix Testing: Specifying and Testing ABI Compatibility of C/C++ Atomics Implementations

Author

Geeson, Luke, Brotherston, James, Dijkstra, Wilco, Donaldson, Alastair F., Smith, Lee, Sorensen, Tyler, and Wickerson, John

Subjects
Computer Science - Programming Languages, D.3.4, D.2.5
Abstract

The correctness of complex software depends on the correctness of both the source code and the compilers that generate corresponding binary code. Compilers must do more than preserve the semantics of a single source file: they must ensure that generated binaries can be composed with other binaries to form a final executable. The compatibility of composition is ensured using an Application Binary Interface (ABI), which specifies details of calling conventions, exception handling, and so on. Unfortunately, there are no official ABIs for concurrent programs, so different atomics mappings, although correct in isolation, may induce bugs when composed. Indeed, today, mixing binaries generated by different compilers can lead to an erroneous resulting binary. We present mix testing: a new technique designed to find compiler bugs when the instructions of a C/C++ test are separately compiled for multiple compatible architectures and then mixed together. We define a class of compiler bugs, coined mixing bugs, that arise when parts of a program are compiled separately using different mappings from C/C++ atomic operations to assembly sequences. To demonstrate the generality of mix testing, we have designed and implemented a tool, atomic-mixer, which we have used: (a) to reproduce one existing non-mixing bug that state-of-the-art concurrency testing tools are limited to being able to find (showing that atomic-mixer at least meets the capabilities of these tools), and (b) to find four previously-unknown mixing bugs in LLVM and GCC, and one prospective mixing bug in mappings proposed for the Java Virtual Machine. Lastly, we have worked with engineers at Arm to specify, for the first time, an atomics ABI for Armv8, and have used atomic-mixer to validate the LLVM and GCC compilers against it., Comment: 26 pages, Accepted to OOPSLA (Object-oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications) 2024

Published
2024
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5. A Virtual Reality Exergame to Engage Adolescents in Physical Activity: Mixed Methods Study Describing the Formative Intervention Development Process

Author

Farič, Nuša, Smith, Lee, Hon, Adrian, Potts, Henry W W, Newby, Katie, Steptoe, Andrew, and Fisher, Abi

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundEarly adolescence (13-17 years) is a critical developmental stage for physical activity promotion. Virtual reality (VR) exergaming is a promising intervention strategy to engage adolescents in physical activity. ObjectiveThe vEngage project aims to develop a physical activity intervention for adolescents using VR exergaming. Here, we describe the formative intervention development work and process of academic-industry collaboration. MethodsThe formative development was guided by the Medical Research Council framework and included recruiting an adolescent user group to provide iterative feedback, a literature review, a quantitative survey of adolescents, qualitative interviews with adolescents and parents, inductive thematic analysis of public reviews of VR exergames, a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews with users of the augmented reality running app Zombies, Run!, and building and testing a prototype with our adolescent user group. ResultsVR exergaming was appealing to adolescents and acceptable to parents. We identified behavior change techniques that users would engage with and features that should be incorporated into a VR exergame, including realistic body movements, accurate graphics, stepped levels of gameplay difficulty, new challenges, in-game rewards, multiplayer options, and the potential to link with real-world aspects such as physical activity trackers. We also identified some potential barriers to use, such as cost, perceived discomfort of VR headsets, and motion sickness concerns. A prototype game was developed and user-tested with generally positive feedback. ConclusionsThis is the first attempt to develop a VR exergame designed to engage adolescents in physical activity that has been developed within a public health intervention development framework. Our formative work suggests that this is a very promising avenue. The benefit of the design process was the collaborative parallel work between academics and game designers and the involvement of the target population in the game (intervention) design from the outset. Developing the game within an intervention framework allowed us to consider factors, such as parental support, that would be important for future implementation. This study also serves as a call to action for potential collaborators who may wish to join this endeavor for future phases and an example of how academic-industry collaboration can be successful and beneficial.

Published
2021
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8. Psychosocial alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global burden of anxiety and major depressive disorders in adolescents, 1990–2021: challenges in mental health amid socioeconomic disparities

Author

Kim, Soeun, Hwang, Jiyoung, Lee, Jun Hyuk, Park, Jaeyu, Kim, Hyeon Jin, Son, Yejun, Oh, Hans, Smith, Lee, Kang, Jiseung, Fond, Guillaume, Boyer, Laurent, Rahmati, Masoud, Tully, Mark A., Pizzol, Damiano, Udeh, Raphael, Lee, Jinseok, Lee, Hayeon, Lee, Sooji, and Yon, Dong Keon

Published
2024
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12. Hot phonon effects on high-field transport in 2DEG GaN

Author

Smith, Lee, Chambers, Peter Brookes, Naylor, Daniel R., and Dyson, Angela

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The effects of confinement on electron transport in GaN have been studied via an ensemble Monte-Carlo code. Excellent agreement is obtained with experimental data from the literature up to moderate fields. In agreement with experimental results, negative-differential-conductivity is not observed in velocity-field curves. The reasons for this are discussed in detail. The dynamics of the non-equilibrium confined electron-LO phonon system is studied via a bulk phonon spectrum. In contrast to the bulk electron case hot or non-equilibrium phonons do not play a significant role in determining the transport properties. This is explained via the energy and momentum conservation rules for the polar optical phonon scattering. In addition, impact ionization is shown to be insignificant for the applied fields considered., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

14. Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Survivors’ Experiences of Using Publicly Available Physical Activity Mobile Apps: Qualitative Study

Author

Roberts, Anna L, Potts, Henry WW, Koutoukidis, Dimitrios A, Smith, Lee, and Fisher, Abigail

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) can improve a range of outcomes following a cancer diagnosis. These include an improvement in experience of side effects of treatment (eg, fatigue) and management of comorbid conditions. PA might also increase survival and reduce recurrence. Digital interventions have shown potential for PA promotion among cancer survivors, but most in a previous review were Web-based, and few studies used mobile apps. There are many PA apps available for general public use, but it is unclear whether these are suitable as a PA intervention after a cancer diagnosis. ObjectiveThis study sought posttreatment nonmetastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors’ opinions of using smartphone apps to promote PA and gathered their views on existing publicly available PA apps to inform a future intervention. MethodsEach participant was randomly assigned to download 2 of 4 apps (Human, The Walk, The Johnson & Johnson Official 7 Minute Workout, and Gorilla Workout). Participants used each app for 1 week consecutively. In-depth semistructured telephone interviews were then conducted to understand participants’ experiences of using the apps and how app-based PA interventions could be developed for cancer survivors. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsThirty-two participants took part: 50% (16/32) had prostate cancer, 25% (8/32) had breast cancer, and 25% (8/32) had colorectal cancer. Three core themes were identified. The first theme was that multiple factors affect engagement with PA apps and this is highly personalized. Factors affecting engagement included participants’ perceptions of (1) the advantages and disadvantages of using apps to support PA, (2) the relevance of the app to the user (eg, in terms of cancer-related factors, their PA goals, the difficulty level of the app, the way in which they interact with their mobile phone, and the extent to which the app fits with their self-identity), (3) the quality of the app (eg, usability, accuracy, quality of production, and scientific evidence-base), and (4) the behavior change techniques used to promote PA. In the second theme, participants recommended that apps that promote walking are most appealing, as walking removes many barriers to PA. Finally, the participants suggested that PA apps should be integrated into cancer care, as they valued guidance and recommendations from health care professionals. ConclusionsThis sample of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors was receptive to the use of apps to promote PA. Although no publicly available PA app was deemed wholly suitable, many suggestions for adaptation and intervention development were provided. The results can inform the development of an app-based PA intervention for cancer survivors. They also highlight the wide-ranging and dynamic influences on engagement with digital interventions, which can be applied to other evaluations of mobile health products in other health conditions and other health behaviors.

Published
2019
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15. Short- and long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in long COVID in South Korea and Japan

Author

Kim, Sunyoung, Lee, Hayeon, Lee, Jinseok, Lee, Seung Won, Kwon, Rosie, Kim, Min Seo, Koyanagi, Ai, Smith, Lee, Fond, Guillaume, Boyer, Laurent, Rahmati, Masoud, López Sánchez, Guillermo F., Dragioti, Elena, Cortese, Samuele, Shin, Ju-Young, Choi, Ahhyung, Suh, Hae Sun, Lee, Sunmi, Solmi, Marco, Min, Chanyang, Shin, Jae Il, Yon, Dong Keon, and Fusar-Poli, Paolo

Published
2024
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19. Compiler Testing With Relaxed Memory Models

Author

Geeson, Luke and Smith, Lee

Subjects
Computer Science - Programming Languages, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Computer Science - Software Engineering, D.1.3, B.1.2, B.1.4, D.2.5
Abstract

Finding bugs is key to the correctness of compilers in wide use today. If the behaviour of a compiled program, as allowed by its architecture memory model, is not a behaviour of the source program under its source model, then there is a bug. This holds for all programs, but we focus on concurrency bugs that occur only with two or more threads of execution. We focus on testing techniques that detect such bugs in C/C++ compilers. We seek a testing technique that automatically covers concurrency bugs up to fixed bounds on program sizes and that scales to find bugs in compiled programs with many lines of code. Otherwise, a testing technique can miss bugs. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art techniques are yet to satisfy all of these properties. We present the T\'el\'echat compiler testing tool for concurrent programs. T\'el\'echat compiles a concurrent C/C++ program and compares source and compiled program behaviours using source and architecture memory models. We make three claims: T\'el\'echat improves the state-of-the-art at finding bugs in code generation for multi-threaded execution, it is the first public description of a compiler testing tool for concurrency that is deployed in industry, and it is the first tool that takes a significant step towards the desired properties. We provide experimental evidence suggesting T\'el\'echat finds bugs missed by other state-of-the-art techniques, case studies indicating that T\'el\'echat satisfies the properties, and reports of our experience deploying T\'el\'echat in industry regression testing., Comment: 12 pages, Accepted to IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization

Published
2023

35. National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022

Author

Kattih, Mafaz, Lee, Hojae, Jo, Hyesu, Jeong, Jinyoung, Kim, Hyejun, Park, Jaeyu, Yang, Hwi, Nguyen, Ann, Kim, Hyeon Jin, Lee, Hyeri, Kim, Minji, Lee, Myeongcheol, Kwon, Rosie, Kim, Sunyoung, Koyanagi, Ai, Kim, Min Seo, Rahmati, Masoud, López Sánchez, Guillermo F., Dragioti, Elena, Kim, Ju Hee, Woo, Selin, Cho, Seong H., Smith, Lee, and Yon, Dong Keon

Published
2024
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