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2. Size matters: comparing the MDMA content and weight of ecstasy tablets submitted to European drug checking services in 2012–2021

Author

Vrolijk, Ruben Quirinus, Measham, Fiona, Quesada, Adrià, Luf, Anton, Schori, Dominique, Radley, Sarah, Acreman, Dean, Smith, Josie, Verdenik, Marko, Martins, Daniel, Cunha, Mar, Paulos, Carlos J., Piccinin, Ilaria Fineschi, Gerace, Enrico, Karden, Alexandra, Koning, Raoul Pieter Joost, Smit-Rigter, Laura Alexandra, and Ventura, Mireia

Published
2022
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3. A rapid assessment of take-home naloxone provision during COVID-19 in Europe

Author

McDonald, Rebecca, Eide, Desiree, Abel-Ollo, Katri, Barnsdale, Lee, Carter, Ben, Clausen, Thomas, Day, Ed, Fonseca, Francina, Holmén, Elin, Horsburgh, Kirsten, Kelleher, Mike, Kåberg, Martin, Ladenhauf, Martin, McAuley, Andrew, Metrebian, Nicola, Neale, Joanne, Parkin, Stephen, Ratcliffe, Kevin, Rintoul, Chris, Smith, Josie, Stifanoviciute, Viktorija, Torrens, Marta, Thiesen, Henrik, and Strang, John

Published
2022
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4. Effects of oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation after spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage in the UK: a randomised, open-label, assessor-masked, pilot-phase, non-inferiority trial

Author

Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Keerie, Catriona, Stephen, Jacqueline, Lewis, Steff, Norrie, John, Dennis, Martin S., Newby, David E., Wardlaw, Joanna M., Lip, Gregory Y.H., Parry-Jones, Adrian, White, Philip M., Baigent, Colin, Lasserson, Dan, Oliver, Colin, O'Mahony, Fiach, Amoils, Shannon, Bamford, John, Armitage, Jane, Emberson, Jonathan, Rinkel, Gabriël J.R., Lowe, Gordon, Innes, Karen, Adamczuk, Kasia, Dinsmore, Lynn, Drever, Jonathan, Milne, Garry, Walker, Allan, Hutchison, Aidan, Williams, Carol, Fraser, Ruth, Anderson, Rosemary, Covil, Kate, Stewart, Kelly, Rees, Jessica, Hall, Peter, Bullen, Alistair, Stoddart, Andrew, Moullaali, Tom J., Palmer, Jeb, Sakka, Eleni, Perthen, Joanne, Lyttle, Nicola, Samarasekera, Neshika, MacRaild, Allan, Burgess, Seona, Teasdale, Jessica, Coakley, Michelle, Taylor, Pat, Blair, Gordon, Whiteley, William, Shenkin, Susan, Clancy, Una, Macleod, Malcolm, Sutherland, Rachel, Moullaali, Tom, Barugh, Amanda, Lerpiniere, Christine, Moreton, Fiona, Fethers, Nicholas, Anjum, Tal, Krishnan, Manju, Slade, Peter, Storton, Sharon, Williams, Marie, Davies, Caroline, Connor, Lynda, Gainard, Glyn, Murphy, Carl, Barber, Mark, Esson, Derek, Choulerton, James, Shaw, Louise, Lucas, Suzanne, Hierons, Sarah, Avis, Joanne, Stone, Andrew, Gbadamoshi, Lukuman, Costa, Telma, Pearce, Lauren, Harkness, Kirsty, Richards, Emma, Howe, Jo, Kamara, Christine, Lindert, Ralf, Ali, Ali, Rehan, Jahanzeb, Chapman, Sarah, Edwards, Maria, Bathula, Raj, Cohen, David, Devine, Joseph, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Yesupatham, Priya, Chhabra, Swati, Adewetan, Gbadebo, Ballantine, Robert, Brooks, Daniel, Smith, Gemma, Rogers, Gill, Marsden, Stuart, Clark, Sarah, Wilkinson, Ami, Brown, Ellen, Stephenson, Lynsey, Nyo, Khin, Abraham, Annie, Pai, Yogish, Shim, Gek, Baliga, Vidya, Nair, Anand, Robinson, Matthew, Hawksworth, Catherine, Greig, Jill, Alam, Irfan, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Ramiz, Ridha, Shaw, Ryan, Lee, Stephanie, Marsden, Tracy, Perez, Jane, Birleson, Emily, Yadava, Rajendra, Sangombe, Mirriam, Stafford, Sam, Hughes, Tom, Knibbs, Lucy, Morse, Bethan, Schwarz, Stefan, Jelley, Benjamin, White, Susan, Richard, Bella, Lawson, Heidi, Moseley, Sally, Tayler, Michelle, Edwards, Mandy, Triscott, Claire, Wallace, Rebecca, Hall, Angela, Dell, Amanda, Rashed, Khalid, Board, Sarah, Buckley, Clare, Tanate, Alfonso, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Beesley, Kate, Perry, Jess, Hellyer, Christine, Guyler, Paul, Menon, Nisha, Tysoe, Sharon, Prabakaran, Raji, Cooper, Martin, Rajapakse, Anoja, Wynter, Inez, Smith, Susan, Weir, Nic, Boxall, Cherish, Yates, Hannah, Smith, Simon, Crawford, Pamela, Marigold, James, Smith, Fiona, Harvey, Jake, Evans, Sue, Baldwin, Laura, Hammond, Sarah, Mudd, Paul, Bowring, Angela, Keenan, Samantha, Thorpe, Kevin, Haque, Mohammad, Taaffe, Joanne, Temple, Natalie, Peachey, Tracey, Wells, Kim, Haines, Fiona, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Horne, Zoey, Licenik, Radim, Boughton, Hayley, England, Timothy, Hedstrom, Amanda, Menezes, Brian, Davies, Ruth, Johnson, Venetia, Whittingham-Jones, Simon, Werring, David, Obarey, Sabaa, Watchurst, Caroline, Ashton, Amy, Feerick, Shez, Francia, Nina, Banaras, Azra, Epstein, Daniel, Marinescu, Marilena, Williams, Annick, Robinson, Anna, Humphries, Fiona, Anwar, Ijaz, Annamalai, Arunkumar, Crawford, Susan, Collins, Vicky, Shepherd, Lorna, Siddle, Elaine, Penge, Justin, Qureshi, Sam, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Papavasileiou, Vasileios, Waugh, Dean, Veraque, Emelda, Douglas, Nathan, Khan, Numan, Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan, Sommerville, Peter, Rudd, Anthony, Kullane, Sagal, Bhalla, Ajay, Birns, Jonathan, Ahmed, Rowshanara, Gibbons, Meegan, Klamerus, Eva, Cendreda, Benjie, Muir, Keith, Day, Nicola, Welch, Angela, Smith, Wilma, Elliot, Jennifer, Eltawil, Salwa, Mahmood, Ammad, Hatherley, Kim, Mitchell, Shirley, Bains, Harjit, Quinn, Lauren, Teal, Rachel, Gbinigie, Ivie, Harston, George, Mathieson, Phil, Ford, Gary, Schulz, Ursula, Kennedy, James, Nagaratnam, Kirubananthan, Bangalore, Kiran, Bhupathiraju, Neelima, Wharton, Chris, Fotherby, Ken, Nasar, Ahmad, Stevens, Angie, Willberry, Angela, Evans, Rachel, Rai, Baljinder, Blake, Chloe, Thavanesan, Kamy, Hann, Gail, Changuion, Tanith, Nix, Sara, Whiting, Amanda, Dharmasiri, Michelle, Mallon, Louise, Keltos, Marketa, Smyth, Nigel, Eglinton, Charlotte, Duffy, John, Tone, Ela, Sykes, Lucy, Porter, Emily, Fitton, Carolyn, Kirkineziadis, Nikolaos, Cluckie, Gillian, Kennedy, Kate, Trippier, Sarah, Williams, Rebecca, Hayter, Elizabeth, Rackie, James, Patel, Bhavini, Rita, Ghatala, Blight, Adrian, Jones, Val, Zhang, Liqun, Choy, Lillian, Pereira, Anthony, Clarke, Brian, Al-Hussayni, Samer, Dixon, Lynn, Young, Andrew, Bergin, Adrian, Broughton, David, Raghunathan, Senthil, Jackson, Benjamin, Appleton, Jason, Wilkes, Gwendoline, Buck, Amanda, Richardson, Carla, Clarke, Judith, Fleming, Lucy, Squires, Gemma, Law, Zhe, Hutchinson, Camille, Cvoro, Vera, Couser, Mandy, McGregor, Amanda, McAuley, Sean, Pound, Susan, Cochrane, Patricia, Holmes, Clare, Murphy, Peter, Devitt, Nicola, Osborn, Mairead, Steele, Amy, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, Smith, Elizabeth, Hewitt, Jonathan, Chaston, Natalie, Myint, Min, Smith, Andrew, Fairlie, Louise, Davis, Michelle, Atkinson, Beth, Woodward, Stephen, Hogg, Valerie, Fawcett, Michelle, Finlay, Louise, Dixit, Anand, Cameron, Eleanor, Keegan, Breffni, Kelly, Jim, Concannon, Dónal, Dutta, Dipankar, Ward, Deborah, Glass, Jon, O'Connell, Susan, Ngeh, Joseph, O'Kelly, Alison, Williams, Emma, Ragab, Suzanne, Jenkinson, Damian, Dube, Judith, Gleave, Laura, Leggett, Jacqui, Kissoon, Nisha, Southern, Louise, Naghotra, Utpal, Bokhari, Maria, McClelland, Beverley, Adie, Katja, Mate, Abhijit, Harrington, Frances, James, Ali, Swanson, Elizabeth, Chant, Terri, Naccache, Miriam, Coutts, Abbie, Courtauld, Gillian, Whurr, Sarah, Webber, Sue, Shead, Emily, Luder, Robert, Bhargava, Maneesh, Murali, Elodie, Cuenoud, Larissa, Pasco, Kath, Speirs, O, Chapman, Lianne, Inskip, Linda, Kavanagh, Lisa, Srinivasan, Meena, Motherwell, Nichola, Mukherjee, Indranil, Tonks, Louise, Donaldson, Denise, Button, Heather, Wilcox, Rebecca, Hurford, Fran, Logan, Rachel, Taylor, Andy, Arden, Tracie, Carpenter, Michael, Datta, Prabal, Zahoor, Tajammal, Jackson, Linda, Needle, Ann, Stanners, Andrew, Ghouri, Imran, Exley, Donna, Akhtar, Salman, Brooke, Hollie, Beadle, Shannen, O'Brien, Eoin, Francis, Jobbin, McGee, Joanne, Amis, Elaine, Mitchell, Jennifer, Finlay, Sarah, Sinha, Devesh, Manoczki, Csilla, King, Sam, Tarka, James, Choudhary, Sumita, Premaruban, Jegamalini, Sutton, Dorothy, Kumar, Pradeep, Culmsee, Charlotte, Winckley, Caroline, Davies, Holly, Thatcher, Hilary, Vasileiadis, Evangelos, Aweid, Basaam, Holden, Melinda, Mason, Cathy, Hlaing, Thant, Madzamba, Gladys, Ingram, Tanya, Linforth, Michelle, Cullen, Claire, Thomas, Nibu, France, John, Saulat, Afaq, Bhaskaran, Biju, Fitzell, Pauline, Horan, Kathleen, Manyoni, Catherine, Garfield-Smith, Josie, Griffin, Hannah, Atkins, Stacey, Redome, Joan, Muddegowda, Girish, Maguire, Holly, Barry, Adrian, Abano, Nenette, Varquez, Resti, Hiden, Joanne, Lyjko, Susan, Remegoso, Alda, Finney, Kay, Butler, Adrian, Strecker, Martin, MaCleod, Mary Joan, Irvine, Janice, Nelson, Sandra, Guzmangutierrez, German, Furnace, Jacqueline, Taylor, Vicky, Ramadan, Hawraman, Storton, Kim, Hassan, Sohail, Abdus Sami, Eman, Bellfield, Ruth, Stewart, Kelvin, Quinn, Outi, Patterson, Chris, Emsley, Hedley, Gregary, Bindu, Ahmed, Shakeel, Patel, Shakeelah, Raj, Sonia, Sultan, Sulaiman, Wright, Fiona, Langhorne, Peter, Graham, Ruth, Quinn, Terry, and McArthur, Kate

Published
2021
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7. Anabolic androgenic steroid use population size estimation: a first stage study utilising a Delphi exercise

Author

Hope, Vivian, Walker Bond, Vincent, Boardley, Ian, Smith, Josie, Campbaell, John, Bates, Geoff, Ralphs, Rob, Van Hout, Marie Claire, McVeigh, James, Hope, Vivian, Walker Bond, Vincent, Boardley, Ian, Smith, Josie, Campbaell, John, Bates, Geoff, Ralphs, Rob, Van Hout, Marie Claire, and McVeigh, James

Abstract

Harms associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use are well-established and a public health concern. Robust estimates of the numbers using AAS are needed to inform responses, however, in the UK these are lacking. Due to the comparative rarity and associated stigma, general population surveys are problematic and data availability limits the use of indirect approaches. To address this, the Delphi method was used to refine the key parameters needed for indirect estimation from attendances at needle and syringe programmes (NSP) for AAS use. An expert panel (n = 63) was surveyed three times (n = 40, 39, and 37) to refine the parameters needed to generate a likely range from data on NSP attendances. A broad agreement was reached on: regional variations in use; the proportion of men using AAS who only use them orally; the proportion of men who inject AAS using NSP; and the proportion of the AAS population who are women. We conclude that previous general population survey-based estimates of recent AAS use appear implausible, with the likely range indicated by NSP data being up to 10-times higher. AAS use in the UK is more common than previously indicated, but further work is needed to refine population size estimation and characteristics.

Published
2023

8. Outcomes from a national screening program for Ukrainian refugees at risk of drug resistant tuberculosis in Wales

Author

Barry, Simon M, Davies, Gareth, Barry, Tamas D, Evans, Jennifer, Backx, Matthijs, Brouns, Mattheus, Mughal, Ahsan, Kelly, Stephen, Collier, Gareth, Ambalavanan, Sakkarai, Davies, Chris, Sharp, Hannah, Lloyd, Pam, Hester, Yvonne, Murray, Natalie, Goddard, Kelly, Johnstone, Linzi, Parry, Jane, Davies, Olwen, Williams, Rhian, Ahern, George, and Smith, Josie

Abstract

High rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ukraine suggest screening is necessary to mitigate public health hazards for host populations. A pathway was implemented in Wales and data prospectively collected Between 8 April and 21 December 2022. Of 5425 Ukrainian arrivals, notifications were received by TB teams on 2395 (44%) of whom 1955 (82%) were screened. The refugees were young (median age 30, IQR 14–41), and predominantly female (66.1%). Interferon- gamma release assay (IGRA) tests were positive in 112 (6.5%). One Case of active tuberculosis was identified (0.05%). Our data supports European guidelines that routine screening of this population is not recommended, but we remain uncertain as to the risks of this population going forwards.

Published
2024
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9. Anabolic androgenic steroid use population size estimation: a first stage study utilising a Delphi exercise.

Author

Hope, Vivian D., Walker Bond, Vincent, Boardley, Ian, Smith, Josie, Campbell, John, Bates, Geoff, Ralphs, Rob, Van Hout, Marie-Claire, and McVeigh, Jim

Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance, NEEDLE exchange programs, SUBSTANCE abuse, SYRINGES, SURVEYS, RESEARCH funding, ANABOLIC steroids, ANDROGEN receptors, DELPHI method
Abstract

Harms associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use are well-established and a public health concern. Robust estimates of the numbers using AAS are needed to inform responses, however, in the UK these are lacking. Due to the comparative rarity and associated stigma, general population surveys are problematic and data availability limits the use of indirect approaches. To address this, the Delphi method was used to refine the key parameters needed for indirect estimation from attendances at needle and syringe programmes (NSP) for AAS use. An expert panel (n = 63) was surveyed three times (n = 40, 39, and 37) to refine the parameters needed to generate a likely range from data on NSP attendances. A broad agreement was reached on: regional variations in use; the proportion of men using AAS who only use them orally; the proportion of men who inject AAS using NSP; and the proportion of the AAS population who are women. We conclude that previous general population survey-based estimates of recent AAS use appear implausible, with the likely range indicated by NSP data being up to 10-times higher. AAS use in the UK is more common than previously indicated, but further work is needed to refine population size estimation and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Anabolic androgenic steroid use population size estimation : a first stage study utilising a Delphi exercise

Author

Hope, Vivian, Walker Bond, Vincent, Boardley, Ian, Smith, Josie, Campbaell, John, Bates, Geoff, Ralphs, Rob, Van Hout, Marie Claire, McVeigh, James, Hope, Vivian, Walker Bond, Vincent, Boardley, Ian, Smith, Josie, Campbaell, John, Bates, Geoff, Ralphs, Rob, Van Hout, Marie Claire, and McVeigh, James

Abstract

Harms associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use are well-established and a public health concern. Robust estimates of the numbers using AAS are needed to inform responses, however, in the UK these are lacking. Due to the comparative rarity and associated stigma, general population surveys are problematic and data availability limits the use of indirect approaches. To address this, the Delphi method was used to refine the key parameters needed for indirect estimation from attendances at needle and syringe programmes (NSP) for AAS use. An expert panel (n = 63) was surveyed three times (n = 40, 39, and 37) to refine the parameters needed to generate a likely range from data on NSP attendances. A broad agreement was reached on: regional variations in use; the proportion of men using AAS who only use them orally; the proportion of men who inject AAS using NSP; and the proportion of the AAS population who are women. We conclude that previous general population survey-based estimates of recent AAS use appear implausible, with the likely range indicated by NSP data being up to 10-times higher. AAS use in the UK is more common than previously indicated, but further work is needed to refine population size estimation and characteristics.

Published
2022

14. Factors associated with hepatitis C and HIV testing uptake among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs

Author

Hope, Vivian, McVeigh, James, Begley, Emma, Glass, Rachel, Edmundsen, Claire, Heinsbroek, Ellen, Kean, Joseph, Campbell, John, Whitfield, Mark, Morgan, Gareth, Acreman, Dean, Smith, Josie, Hope, Vivian, McVeigh, James, Begley, Emma, Glass, Rachel, Edmundsen, Claire, Heinsbroek, Ellen, Kean, Joseph, Campbell, John, Whitfield, Mark, Morgan, Gareth, Acreman, Dean, and Smith, Josie

Abstract

Introduction and Aims: Historically, people who inject image and performance enhancing drugs (IPED) were not perceived as being at high risk of HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, recent studies indicate HCV and HIV prevalences are elevated, with many HCV infections undiagnosed. Design and Methods: Men who inject IPEDs recruited from community settings and specialist services, including needle-syringe programs, across UK during 2016 self-completed a questionnaire. Multivariate analyses examined factors associated with HCV/HIV testing. Results: The participants' (n=562; 24% service recruited) median age was 31 years, 4% identified as gay or bisexual, 18% had ever been imprisoned and 6% had ever injected a psychoactive drug. Those community recruited more often reported sharing drugs vials (16% vs. 8%, P=0.021) and, among those with 2+ sexual partners, poor condom use (50% vs. 36%, P=0.063), than those service recruited. Overall, one-third had ever been tested for HCV (31%) and/or HIV (34%). Testing uptake was associated with other risk factors for HCV/HIV, being recruited through services and having received metabolic tests. Participants' motivations for using IPEDs were associated with recruitment setting and HIV/HCV testing uptake. Discussion and Conclusions: The majority were untested for HCV/HIV. HCV/HIV testing and risks were associated with recruitment through services. Previous needle and syringe program-based studies have potentially overestimated testing uptake and underestimated risk. Targeted interventions are needed, particularly for those not accessing services. The association between HCV/HIV testing uptake and receipt of metabolic tests suggests that developing a combined offer of these tests as part of health monitoring could improve uptake.

Published
2021

15. Risk, shame and the public injector: a qualitative study of drug injecting in South Wales

Author

Rhodes, Tim, Watts, Louise, Davies, Sarah, Martin, Anthea, Smith, Josie, Clark, David, Craine, Noel, and Lyons, Marion

Subjects
Intravenous drug abuse -- Social aspects, Drug addicts -- Psychological aspects, Social medicine -- Research, Shame -- Evaluation, Public spaces -- Influence, Health, Social sciences
Abstract

Drug injecting in public places is associated with elevated health harm among injecting drug users (IDUs). Yet there is little research exploring the lived experience of injecting in public places, and specifically, a need to explore the interplay of public injecting environments, risk practices and social marginalisation. We undertook 49 qualitative interviews with IDUs in South Wales, UK, in six locations. Analyses focused on injectors' narratives of injecting in public places and risk identity. Findings show how the lived experience of public injecting feeds a pervasive sense of risk and 'otherness' among street injectors, in which public injecting environments act as contextual amplifiers of social marginalisation. Injecting in public places was characterised by urgency associated with a fear of interruption, a need to maintain privacy to prevent public exposure, and an awareness or sense of shame. We argue that daily interactions involving public exposure of injecting status, combined with the negative social meanings ascribed to public places used for injection, are experienced as potentially degrading to one's sense of self. We conclude that the public injecting environment is experienced in the context of other forms of public shaming in the lives of street injectors, and is thus productive of symbolic violence. This highlights tensions between strategies seeking to create safer communities and environmental interventions seeking to reduce drug-related health harm, including recent innovations such as the 'drug consumption room' (DCR). Keywords: UK; Place; Injecting drug use; Stigma; Symbolic violence; Risk

Published
2007

16. Impact of current and scaled‐up levels of hepatitis C prevention and treatment interventions for people who inject drugs in three UK settings—what is required to achieve the WHO's HCV elimination targets?

Author

Ward, Zoe, Platt, Lucy, Sweeney, Sedona, Hope, Vivian D., Maher, Lisa, Hutchinson, Sharon, Palmateer, Norah, Smith, Josie, Craine, Noel, Taylor, Avril, Martin, Natasha, Ayres, Rachel, Dillon, John, Hickman, Matthew, and Vickerman, Peter

Subjects
hepatitis C virus, needle and syringe provision, opioid substitution therapy, HCV treatment scale-up, people who inject drugs, HCV Prevention, HCV treatment scale‐up, mathematical model
Abstract

Aims: We estimate the impact of existing high coverage needle and syringe provision (HCNSP, defined as obtaining more than one sterile needle and syringe per injection reported) and opioid substitution therapy (OST) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) in three United Kingdom (UK) settings. We determine required scale-up of interventions, including HCV treatment, needed to reach the World Health Organisation (WHO) target of reducing HCV incidence by 90% by 2030.Design HCV transmission modelling utilising UK empirical estimates for effect of OST and/or HCNSP on individual risk of HCV acquisition Setting Three UK cities with varying HCV antibody prevalence (Bristol 60%, Dundee 46%, Walsall 32%), OST (72-81%), and HCNSP coverage (28-56%).Measurements Relative change in new HCV infections over 2016-2030 if current interventions were stopped. Scale-up of HCNSP, OST and HCV treatment required to achieve the WHO elimination target.Findings Removing HCNSP or OST would increase the number of new HCV infections over 2016-2030 by 23-64% and 92-483%, respectively. Conversely, scaling-up these interventions to 80% coverage could achieve a 29% or 49% reduction in Bristol and Walsall, respectively, whereas Dundee achieves a 90% decrease in incidence with current levels of intervention because of existing high levels of HCV treatment (47-58 treatments per 1000 PWID). If OST and HCNSP are scaled-up, Walsall and Bristol can achieve the same impact by treating 14 or 40 per 1000 PWID annually, respectively (currently 1-3 and 6-12 treatments per 1000 PWID), while 18 and 43 treatments per 1000 PWID would be required if OST and HCNSP are not scaled-up.Conclusions Current opioid substitution therapy and high coverage needle and syringe provision coverage is averting substantial Hepatitis C transmission in the United Kingdom. Maintaining this coverage while initiating current injectors on treatment can reduce incidence by 90% by 2030.

Published
2018
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17. A transnational perspective on the evolution of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists market: Comparing prison and general populations

Author

Norman, Caitlyn, primary, Halter, Sebastian, additional, Haschimi, Belal, additional, Acreman, Dean, additional, Smith, Josie, additional, Krotulski, Alex J., additional, Mohr, Amanda L.A., additional, Logan, Barry K., additional, NicDaéid, Niamh, additional, Auwärter, Volker, additional, and McKenzie, Craig, additional

Published
2021
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18. Factors associated with hepatitis C and HIV testing uptake among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs

Author

Hope, Vivian D., primary, McVeigh, James, additional, Begley, Emma, additional, Glass, Rachel, additional, Edmundson, Claire, additional, Heinsbroek, Ellen, additional, Kean, Joseph, additional, Campbell, John, additional, Whitfield, Mark, additional, Morgan, Gareth, additional, Acreman, Dean, additional, and Smith, Josie, additional

Published
2020
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19. Link between Insomnia and the Development of Alzheimer's disease?

Author

Rhodes, Tristan, Fries, Alexa, Smith, Josie, Rhodes, Tristan, Fries, Alexa, and Smith, Josie

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting many adults over the age of 65. There is no known cure of AD. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, “every 65 seconds, someone in the United States develops Alzheimer’s disease” (2019). “Alzheimer’s causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms develop slowly and can become severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, with an estimated 5.7 million Americans of all ages are living with AD in 2018 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). The recommended amount of sleep per night for older adults is 7-8 hours (National Sleep Foundation, 2019). Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, with symptoms of difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, as stated by the National Institutes of Health (2019). Forty-four percent of people over the age of 65 experience symptoms of insomnia. It is suggested that insomnia increases the development of one of the major pathological agents in AD: amyloid-beta plaques. The purpose of this Evidenced Based Practice Brief is to research how insomnia compared to adequate sleep in patients sixty-five years and older increases the risk of the development of AD. By looking at the research regarding whether insomnia increases a patient’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, nurses will be able to provide current evidence based practice when aiding in preventative strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.

Published
2019

22. Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of existing needle and syringe programmes in preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs

Author

Sweeney, Sedona, primary, Ward, Zoe, additional, Platt, Lucy, additional, Guinness, Lorna, additional, Hickman, Matthew, additional, Hope, Vivian, additional, Maher, Lisa, additional, Iversen, Jenny, additional, Hutchinson, Sharon J., additional, Smith, Josie, additional, Ayres, Rachel, additional, Hainey, Ingrid, additional, and Vickerman, Peter, additional

Published
2019
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24. Assessing the role of contact tracing in a suspected H7N2 influenza A outbreak in humans in Wales

Author

Salmon Roland, Smith Josie, Thomas Kathrin, Webb Cerian, Eames Ken TD, and Temple J Mark F

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The detailed analysis of an outbreak database has been undertaken to examine the role of contact tracing in controlling an outbreak of possible avian influenza in humans. The outbreak, initiating from the purchase of infected domestic poultry, occurred in North Wales during May and June 2007. During this outbreak, extensive contact tracing was carried out. Following contact tracing, cases and contacts believed to be at risk of infection were given treatment/prophylaxis. Methods We analyse the database of cases and their contacts identified for the purposes of contact tracing in relation to both the contact tracing burden and effectiveness. We investigate the distribution of numbers of contacts identified, and use network structure to explore the speed with which treatment/prophylaxis was made available and to estimate the risk of transmission in different settings. Results Fourteen cases of suspected H7N2 influenza A in humans were associated with a confirmed outbreak among poultry in May-June 2007. The contact tracing dataset consisted of 254 individuals (cases and contacts, of both poultry and humans) who were linked through a network of social contacts. Of these, 102 individuals were given treatment or prophylaxis. Considerable differences between individuals' contact patterns were observed. Home and workplace encounters were more likely to result in transmission than encounters in other settings. After an initial delay, while the outbreak proceeded undetected, contact tracing rapidly caught up with the cases and was effective in reducing the time between onset of symptoms and treatment/prophylaxis. Conclusions Contact tracing was used to link together the individuals involved in this outbreak in a social network, allowing the identification of the most likely paths of transmission and the risks of different types of interactions to be assessed. The outbreak highlights the substantial time and cost involved in contact tracing, even for an outbreak affecting few individuals. However, when sufficient resources are available, contact tracing enables cases to be identified before they result in further transmission and thus possibly assists in preventing an outbreak of a novel virus.

Published
2010
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25. Factors associated with hepatitis C and HIV testing uptake among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs.

Author

Hope, Vivian D., McVeigh, James, Begley, Emma, Glass, Rachel, Edmundson, Claire, Heinsbroek, Ellen, Kean, Joseph, Campbell, John, Whitfield, Mark, Morgan, Gareth, Acreman, Dean, and Smith, Josie

Subjects
PERFORMANCE-enhancing drugs, HEPATITIS C, HIV, HEPATITIS C virus, PSYCHIATRIC drugs
Abstract

Introduction and Aims: Historically, people who inject image and performance enhancing drugs (IPED) were not perceived as being at high risk of HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, recent studies indicate HCV and HIV prevalences are elevated, with many HCV infections undiagnosed. Design and Methods: Men who inject IPEDs recruited from community settings and specialist services, including needle‐syringe programs, across UK during 2016 self‐completed a questionnaire. Multivariate analyses examined factors associated with HCV/HIV testing. Results: The participants' (n=562; 24% service recruited) median age was 31 years, 4% identified as gay or bisexual, 18% had ever been imprisoned and 6% had ever injected a psychoactive drug. Those community recruited more often reported sharing drugs vials (16% vs. 8%, P=0.021) and, among those with 2+ sexual partners, poor condom use (50% vs. 36%, P=0.063), than those service recruited. Overall, one‐third had ever been tested for HCV (31%) and/or HIV (34%). Testing uptake was associated with other risk factors for HCV/HIV, being recruited through services and having received metabolic tests. Participants' motivations for using IPEDs were associated with recruitment setting and HIV/HCV testing uptake. Discussion and Conclusions: The majority were untested for HCV/HIV. HCV/HIV testing and risks were associated with recruitment through services. Previous needle and syringe program‐based studies have potentially overestimated testing uptake and underestimated risk. Targeted interventions are needed, particularly for those not accessing services. The association between HCV/HIV testing uptake and receipt of metabolic tests suggests that developing a combined offer of these tests as part of health monitoring could improve uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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26. Assessing the impact and cost-effectiveness of needle and syringe provision and opioid substitution therapy on hepatitis C transmission among people who inject drugs in the UK: an analysis of pooled data sets and economic modelling

Author

Platt, Lucy, primary, Sweeney, Sedona, additional, Ward, Zoe, additional, Guinness, Lorna, additional, Hickman, Matthew, additional, Hope, Vivian, additional, Hutchinson, Sharon, additional, Maher, Lisa, additional, Iversen, Jenny, additional, Craine, Noel, additional, Taylor, Avril, additional, Munro, Alison, additional, Parry, John, additional, Smith, Josie, additional, and Vickerman, Peter, additional

Published
2017
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31. Translation into British Sign Language and validation of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Author

Roberts, Sophie, primary, Wright, Barry, additional, Moore, Kate, additional, Smith, Josie, additional, Allgar, Victoria, additional, Tennant, Alan, additional, Doherty, Caroline, additional, Hughes, Ellen, additional, Moore, Danielle Collingridge, additional, Ogden, Richard, additional, Phillips, Helen, additional, Beese, Lilli, additional, and Rogers, Katherine, additional

Published
2015
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32. Inbox.

Author

Lorfing, Marcella, Allfree, Yvette, Fuhrman, Greg, Carney, Phil, Sertterh, Gerald, Mobley, Jerry, Kim, Sunnie, Berman, James, Dunlap-Smith, Josie, and Grey, J. Daniel

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, LIBYAN Conflict, 2011-, IRAQ War, 2003-2011, HOUSING market
Abstract

Several letters are presented from readers commenting on previously published articles including "How the Lessons of Iraq Paid Off in Libya" by Fareed Zakaria, "How to Save the Housing Market: Destroy Houses," and "Beach Force One," all from the September 5, 2011 issue.

Published
2011

34. Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study

Author

Hope, Vivian D, primary, McVeigh, Jim, additional, Marongiu, Andrea, additional, Evans-Brown, Michael, additional, Smith, Josie, additional, Kimergård, Andreas, additional, Croxford, Sara, additional, Beynon, Caryl M, additional, Parry, John V, additional, Bellis, Mark A, additional, and Ncube, Fortune, additional

Published
2013
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36. On the Side.

Author

Smith, Josie, Lesinski-Topp, Lisa, Mallory, Chuck, and Davis, Eleanor

Published
2018

37. KG PROBLEM SOLVER.

Author

Smith, Josie, EMMA, Williams, Lynsey, Barter, Guy, Sutcliffe, Annie, STEVE, Sharkey, Janice, and Lockett, Janet

Published
2021

38. Mercy Convent

Author

Mercy Convent, Sisters, The, Govern, Kathleen Mc, Hanlon, Bridie O', Cabe, Kathleen Mc, Morris, Frances, Govern, Eilisheen Mc, Donohoe, Evelyn, Connell, May O', Kenna, Maura Mc, Fitzpatrick, Joan, Smith, Josie, Guigan, Nuala Mc, Herron, Sadie, Cassidy, Nuala, Lawlor, Mary, Hamilton, Dympna, Kenna, Evelyn Mc, Donald, Betty Mc, Reilly, Margaret O', Reilly, Maureen O', Murphy, Josie, Lawlor, May, Shamhrain, Eibhlís Nich, Brady, Kathleen, Browne, Frances, Ghilla Phádraigh, Brighd Ní, and Boland, Marie Thérése

Subjects
Irish Travellers (Nomadic people), Historic sites, Folk poetry, History, local legends, Béal Tairbirt, Toys, Belturbet, Manners and customs, Birds, Saint Brigid's Day, Smithing, Riddles, Cemeteries, Marriage, Occupations, Potatoes, Epidemics, Poverty, Weather, Folklore, Treasure troves, Jokes, Drowning, Commerce, Leprechauns, Traditional medicine, Supernatural beings, Shoes, Roads, Animal culture, Religion, Famine, 1845-1852, Clothing and dress, Ringforts, Food, Butter, Recreation, Ireland, Proverbs, Prayers
Abstract

A collection of folklore and local history stories from Mercy Convent (school) (Belturbet, Co. Cavan), collected as part of the Schools' Folklore Scheme, 1937-1938 under the supervision of teacher The Sisters., treasures into this tunnel and they are supposed to be there still. / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- Hidden Treasure / Hanlon, Bridie O' -- Hidden Treasure / Cabe, Kathleen Mc -- Hidden Treasure / Morris, Frances -- Hidden Treasure / Govern, Eilisheen Mc -- Hidden Treasure / Donohoe, Evelyn -- Bloody Pass / Hanlon, Bridie O' -- Funny Story / Connell, May O' -- Story / Kenna, Maura Mc -- Story / Fitzpatrick, Joan -- True Story / Smith, Josie -- Story / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- True Story / Smith, Josie -- Story / Guigan, Nuala Mc -- Riddles / Herron, Sadie -- Riddles / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- Riddles / Cassidy, Nuala -- Riddles / Lawlor, Mary -- Riddles / Hamilton, Dympna -- Clothes Made Locally / Kenna, Evelyn Mc -- Travelling Folk / Herron, Sadie -- Travelling Folk / Donald, Betty Mc -- Old Prayers / Reilly, Margaret O' -- Prayer / Reilly, Maureen O' -- Prayers / Cassidy, Nuala -- Prayer / Govern, Eilisheen Mc -- Local Happening / Reilly, Margaret O' -- Local Drowning / Cassidy, Nuala -- Local Happenings / Kenna, Maura Mc -- Local Drowning / Murphy, Josie -- Festival Customs / Lawlor, May -- Crosóg Bhríde / Shamhrain, Eibhlís Nich -- Potato Crop / Brady, Kathleen -- Potato Crop / Donald, Betty Mc -- Local Cures / Kenna, Evelyn Mc -- Local Cures / Herron, Sadie -- Local Cures / Reilly, Margaret O' -- Local Cures / Guigan, Nuala Mc -- Weather-Lore / Reilly, Maureen O' -- Local Fairs / Kenna, Evelyn Mc -- Local Marriage Customs / Browne, Frances -- Local Song - The Erne / Kenna, Maura Mc -- Festival Customs / Kenna, Maura Mc -- Riddles / Fitzpatrick, Joan -- Local Song - Drainage of the River Erne / Ghilla Phádraigh, Brighd Ní -- Care of the Feet / Hamilton, Dympna -- Fairy Forts / Herron, Sadie -- Fairy Fort / Kenna, Maura Mc -- Fairy Fort / Guigan, Nuala Mc -- Fairy Fort / Kenna, Evelyn Mc -- Proverbs / Murphy, Josie -- Proverbs / Reilly, Maureen O' -- Local Ruins / Govern, Eilisheen Mc -- My Home District / Browne, Frances -- My Home District / Fitzpatrick, Joan -- Bird-Lore / Lawlor, May -- Local Heroes / Kenna, Maura Mc -- Story / Cassidy, Nuala -- Games / Herron, Sadie -- Magic Stone / Govern, Eilisheen Mc -- My Home District / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- My Home District / Smith, Josie -- My Home District / Donald, Betty Mc -- Games I Play / Govern, Eilisheen Mc -- Graveyards / Smith, Josie -- Games I Play / Herron, Sadie -- My Home District / Cassidy, Nuala -- Old Roads / Hamilton, Dympna -- Old Crafts / Herron, Sadie -- Games I Play / Kenna, Evelyn Mc -- Religious Story / Govern, Eilisheen Mc -- Churning / Reilly, Margaret O' -- Games I Play / Reilly, Margaret O' -- Hidden Treasure / Herron, Sadie -- Leprechaun / Hanlon, Bridie O' -- Epidemics / Smith, Josie -- Leprechaun / Murphy, Josie -- Churning / Cabe, Kathleen Mc -- My Home District / Lawlor, May -- Food in Olden Times / Lawlor, May -- My Home District / Cabe, Kathleen Mc -- Care of Farm Animals / Donald, Betty Mc -- Homemade Toys / Guigan, Nuala Mc -- Local Place Names / Cabe, Kathleen Mc -- Local Cures / Cabe, Kathleen Mc -- Local Drowning / Boland, Marie Thérése -- Local Poets / Hanlon, Bridie O' -- Care of Farm Animals / Cabe, Kathleen Mc -- Local Place Names / Hanlon, Bridie O' -- Local Forge / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- Local Forges / Hamilton, Dympna -- Famine Times / Herron, Sadie, Supported by funding from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Ireland), University College Dublin, and the National Folklore Foundation (Fondúireacht Bhéaloideas Éireann), 2014-2016.

Published
1937
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39. Mercy Convent, Belturbet

Author

Mercy Convent, Belturbet, Reilly, Margaret O', Guigan, Nuala Mc, Smyth, Mary, Shannon, Teresa, Boland, Marie Thérése, Smith, Josie, Cabe, Kathleen Mc, Donald, Betty Mc, Cartan, Mary K. Mc, Cartan, Mary Kate Mc, Kiernan, Gertrude, Fitzpatrick, Joan, Kiernan, Gerty, Govern, Kathleen Mc, Reynolds, Mary, and Kenna, Maura Mc

Subjects
Historic sites, History, local legends, Béal Tairbirt, Toys, Belturbet, Traditional medicine, Dwellings, Rites and ceremonies, Death, Birds, Names, Personal, Famine, 1845-1852, Severe storms, Ringforts, Riddles, Recreation, Marriage, Potatoes, Ireland, Weather, Folklore, Jokes
Abstract

A collection of folklore and local history stories from Mercy Convent, Belturbet (school) (Belturbet, Co. Cavan), collected as part of the Schools' Folklore Scheme, 1937-1938 under the supervision of teacher #missing., Old Story / Reilly, Margaret O' -- Old Prayers / Guigan, Nuala Mc -- Without title / Smyth, Mary -- My Home District / Shannon, Teresa -- Riddles / Shannon, Teresa -- Riddles / Boland, Marie Thérése -- Games I Play / Boland, Marie Thérése -- Wake and Funeral Customs / Smith, Josie -- Bloody Pass / Reilly, Margaret O' -- Old Ruins / Cabe, Kathleen Mc -- Old Houses / Donald, Betty Mc -- My Home District / Cartan, Mary K. Mc -- Local Place Names / Cartan, Mary Kate Mc -- Potato Crop / Cartan, Mary Kate Mc -- Games I Play / Smith, Josie -- My Home District / Kiernan, Gertrude -- True Story / Smith, Josie -- Ethnography / Fitzpatrick, Joan -- Nicknames / Fitzpatrick, Joan -- Nicknames / Smith, Josie -- Herbs / Smith, Josie -- Fairy Forts / Kiernan, Gertrude -- Homemade Toys / Kiernan, Gertrude -- Bird-Lore / Kiernan, Gertrude -- Marriages / Kiernan, Gerty -- Weeds / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- Story / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- Drumlane Abbey / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- True Story / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- True Story / Smith, Josie -- Riddles / Reynolds, Mary -- Weather-Lore / Govern, Kathleen Mc -- Storm / Kenna, Maura Mc, Teacher name missing., Supported by funding from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Ireland), University College Dublin, and the National Folklore Foundation (Fondúireacht Bhéaloideas Éireann), 2014-2016.

Published
1937
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40. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of existing needle and syringe programmes in preventing Hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs

Author

Sweeney, Sedona, Ward, Zoe, Platt, Lucy, Guinness, Lorna, Hickman, Matthew, Hope, Vivian, Maher, Lisa, Iversen, Jenny, Hutchinson, Sharon J, Smith, Josie, Ayres, Rachel, Hainey, Ingrid, and Vickerman, Peter

Subjects
needle exchange, hepatitis C virus, Harm reduction, injection drug use, RA0421, health economics, BF, mathematical modelling, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) compared to no NSPs on hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the United Kingdom.Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis from NHS/ health-provider perspective, utilising a dynamic transmission model of HCV infection and disease progression, calibrated using city-specific surveillance and survey data, and primary data collection on NSP costs. The effectiveness of NSPs preventing HCV acquisition was based on empirical evidence.Setting: UK settings with different chronic HCV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID): Dundee (26%), Walsall (18%), and Bristol (45%)Population: PWIDInterventions: Current NSP provision is compared to a counterfactual scenario where NSPs are removed for 10 years and then returned to existing levels with effects collected for 40 years. Measurements: HCV infections, and cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained through NSPs over 50 years Findings: Compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000 per QALY gained, NSPs were highly cost-effective over a time-horizon of 50 years and decreased the number of HCV incident infections. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was cost-saving in Dundee and Bristol, and £596 per QALY gained in Walsall, with 78%, 46% and 40% of simulations being cost-saving in each city, respectively, with differences driven by coverage of NSP and HCV prevalence (lowest in Walsall). Over 90% of simulations were cost-effective at the willingness-to-pay threshold. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses including varying the time-horizon, HCV treatment cost and numbers of HCV treatments per year. Conclusions: We projected NSPs avert HCV infections and are highly cost-effective in the UK and could be cost-saving to the NHS and other health care providers. NSPs will remain cost-effective in the UK irrespective of changes in HCV treatment cost and scale-up, meaning that NSPs will continue to be an efficient strategy for preventing HCV transmission in the future.

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41. Is the recent emergence of mephedrone injecting in the United Kingdom associated with elevated risk behaviours and blood borne virus infection?

Author

Hope, Vivian D, Cullen, Katelyn J, Smith, Josie, Jessop, Lucy, Parry, John, and Ncube, Fortune

Abstract

The recent, and rapid, emergence of injection of the short-acting stimulant mephedrone (4-methylmethcathione) has resulted in concerns about increased infection risks among people who inject drugs (PWID). Data from the bio-behavioural surveillance of PWID in the United Kingdom were analysed to examine the impact of mephedrone injection on infections among PWID. During the year preceding the survey, 8.0% of PWID (163/2,047) had injected mephedrone. In multivariable analyses, those injecting mephedrone were younger, less likely to have injected opiates, and more likely to have injected cocaine or amphetamines, used needle/syringe programmes or sexual health clinics, been recruited in Wales and Northern Ireland or shared needles/syringes. There were no differences in sexual risks. Those injecting mephedrone more often had hepatitis C antibodies (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-2.12), human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 5.43; 95% CI: 1.90-15.5) and overdosed (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.12-2.57). There were no differences in the frequency of injecting site infections or prevalence of hepatitis B. The elevated levels of risk and infections are a concern considering its recent emergence. Mephedrone injection may currently be focused among higher-risk or more vulnerable groups. Targeted responses are needed to prevent an increase in harm.

45. Have your say….

Author

Cox, Claire, Lucas, Diana, Windsor, Tessa, and Smith, Josie

Published
2017

48. letters.

Author

Brennan, James, Smith, Josie, Last-Sutton, Simon, and Sullivan, Mitch

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, EMPLOYMENT agencies, EMPLOYEE recruitment, LABOR unions, PAYROLL deductions, CONSTRUCTION industry
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Contracting in Germany: Advice for recruitment agencies" in the December 2010 issue, "If you want quality, write quality ad copy," by Simon Lewis in the November 2010 issue, and "Union calls for payroll company investigation" in the January 7, 2011 issue.

Published
2011

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