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Introduction: Acalypha indica plant is traditionally used to treat dysentery, diarrhea, malnutrition, and malaria. This plant extract reported a wide antibacterial spectrum against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective: This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of A. indica plant extract at the concentrations of 10-200 mg/ml against Porphyromonas gingivalis. A. indica plant metabolites were extracted by the maceration technique using methanol. Materials and Methods: The literature revealed the analysis of different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. The antibacterial activity was analyzed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration. Results: The n-hexane extract of A. indica has the best antibacterial potency at 200 mg/ml against P. gingivalis with an initial zone of inhibition at 100 mg/ml 12 mm, which is compared to the gold-standard chlorhexidine and MIC value of 150 mg/ml. Conclusion: Among major periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis appears to be one of the prime etiological agents in the pathogenesis and progression of the inflammatory events of periodontal disease. This infinitesimal herb A. indica found throughout India is readily available and can be utilized as an effective antimicrobial agent against P. gingivalis and periodontal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims To evaluate the performance of existing prediction models to determine risk of progression to referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) using data from a prospective Irish cohort of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods A cohort of 939 people with T2D followed prospectively was used to test the performance of risk prediction models developed in Gloucester, UK, and Iceland. Observed risk of progression to RDR in the Irish cohort was compared with that derived from each of the prediction models evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed models' performance. Results The cohort was followed for a total of 2929 person years during which 2906 screening episodes occurred. Among 939 individuals followed, there were 40 referrals (4%) for diabetic maculopathy, pre-proliferative DR and proliferative DR. The original Gloucester model, which includes results of two consecutive retinal screenings; a model incorporating, in addition, systemic biomarkers (HbA1c and serum cholesterol); and a model including results of one retinopathy screening, HbA1c, total cholesterol and duration of diabetes, had acceptable discriminatory power (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69, 0.76 and 0.77, respectively). The Icelandic model, which combined retinopathy grading, duration and type of diabetes, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure, performed very similarly (AUC of 0.74). Conclusion In an Irish cohort of people with T2D, the prediction models tested had an acceptable performance identifying those at risk of progression to RDR. These risk models would be useful in establishing more personalised screening intervals for people with T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left coronary ligation or a sham procedure were conducted on normal C57BL/6J mice. After six weeks, the mice underwent echocardiography and hemodynamic evaluation. Findings illustrated the applicability of ventricular remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction and confirmed the possibility of quantifying indexes of modeling in vivo and postmortem. This model will be very useful for transgenic strains.