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1. The SHERLOC Calibration Target on the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover: Design, Operations, Outreach, and Future Human Exploration Functions

Author

Fries, Marc D., Lee, Carina, Bhartia, Rohit, Razzell Hollis, Joseph, Beegle, Luther W., Uckert, Kyle, Graff, Trevor G., Abbey, William, Bailey, Zachary, Berger, Eve L., Burton, Aaron S., Callaway, Michael J., Cardarelli, Emily L., Davis, Kristine N., DeFlores, Lauren, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fox, Allison C., Garrison, Daniel H., Haney, Nikole C., Harrington, Roger S., Jakubek, Ryan S., Kennedy, Megan R., Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, McCubbin, Francis M., Miller, Ed, Monacelli, Brian, Pollock, Randy, Rhodes, Richard, Siljeström, Sandra, Sharma, Sunanda, Smith, Caroline L., Steele, Andrew, Sylvia, Margarite, Tran, Vinh D., Weiner, Ryan H., Yanchilina, Anastasia G., and Aileen Yingst, R.

Published
2022
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2. Evaluating the Benefits of Virtual Training for Bioscience Students

Author

Coleman, Sarah K. and Smith, Caroline L.

Abstract

Virtual laboratory simulations are commercially available to train students; these creative resources are available to complete remotely without traditional time and safety restrictions of laboratory-based practical classes. We introduced a Health and Safety virtual laboratory simulation to a core large first-year science module. Having surveyed students using a combination of Likert-type responses, multiple answer questions and free text responses, students reported that it had increased understanding and knowledge. Additionally, students reported that the laboratory simulation was motivating and had increased confidence for actual practical classes. We also surveyed students one year after completing the simulation finding a similar pattern of responses; the simulation had been useful, increasing confidence and knowledge about Health and Safety. Our data show that the virtual laboratory simulation improved student understanding and was still perceived to have been useful one year after completion, providing evidence of a longer term impact of the simulation on student learning.

Published
2019
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3. Recovery and curation of the Winchcombe (CM2) meteorite.

Author

Russell, Sara S., King, Ashley J., Bates, Helena C., Almeida, Natasha V., Greenwood, Richard C., Daly, Luke, Joy, Katherine H., Rowe, Jim, Salge, Tobias, Smith, Caroline L., Grindrod, P., Boazman, S., Bond, L., Bond, V., Casey, C., Dickeson, Z., Ensor, G., Farrelly, S., Godfrey, P., and Hallis, L. J.

Subjects
METEORITES, NATURAL history museums, ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen
Abstract

The Winchcombe meteorite fell on February 28, 2021 and was the first recovered meteorite fall in the UK for 30 years, and the first UK carbonaceous chondrite. The meteorite was widely observed by meteor camera networks, doorbell cameras, and eyewitnesses, and 213.5 g (around 35% of the final recovered mass) was collected quickly—within 12 h—of its fall. It, therefore, represents an opportunity to study very pristine extra‐terrestrial material and requires appropriate careful curation. The meteorite fell in a narrow (600 m across) strewn field ~8.5 km long and oriented approximately east–west, with the largest single fragment at the farthest (east) end in the town of Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. Of the total known mass of 602 g, around 525 g is curated at the Natural History Museum, London. A sample analysis plan was devised within a month of the fall to enable scientists in the UK and beyond to quickly access and analyze fresh material. The sample is stored long term in a nitrogen atmosphere glove box. Preliminary macroscopic and electron microscopic examinations show it to be a CM2 chondrite, and despite an early search, no fragile minerals, such as halite, sulfur, etc., were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Recovery and transport of samples

Author

Dirri, Fabrizio, primary, Longobardo, Andrea, additional, Palomba, Ernesto, additional, Berthoud, Lucy, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, and Russell, Sara S., additional

Published
2021
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7. Contributors

Author

Abe, Masanao, primary, Aléon, Jérôme, additional, Aléon-Toppani, Alice, additional, Bennett, Allan, additional, Berthoud, Lucy, additional, Borg, Janet, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, Brownlee, Donald E., additional, Brunetto, Rosario, additional, Burnett, Don, additional, Brucato, John Robert, additional, Corte, Vincenzo Della, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Dirri, Fabrizio, additional, Djouadi, Zahia, additional, Enos, Heather L., additional, Ferrière, Ludovic, additional, Folco, Luigi, additional, Foucher, Frédéric, additional, Franchi, Ian A., additional, Fujiwara, Akira, additional, Gounelle, Matthieu, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Holt, John, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Jerde, Eric A., additional, Jurewicz, Amy, additional, Kawaguchi, Junichiro, additional, Lauretta, Dante S., additional, Leuko, Stefano, additional, Longobardo, Andrea, additional, Lunine, Jonathan I., additional, Marrocchi, Yves, additional, Meneghin, Andrea, additional, Palomba, Ernesto, additional, Polit, Anjani T., additional, Pottage, Thomas, additional, Qian, Yuqi, additional, Reisenfeld, Dan, additional, Rettberg, Petra, additional, Roper, Heather L., additional, Rotundi, Alessandra, additional, Russell, Sara S., additional, Sandford, Scott A., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Slyuta, Evgeny, additional, Tachibana, Shogo, additional, Tasker, Elizabeth J., additional, Tsuchiyama, Akira, additional, Vrublevskis, John, additional, Wang, Qian, additional, Wang, Qiong, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Wolner, Catherine W.V., additional, Xiao, Long, additional, Yoshikawa, Makoto, additional, Zipfel, Jutta, additional, and Zolensky, Michael E., additional

Published
2021
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8. A roadmap for a European extraterrestrial sample curation facility – the EURO CARES project

Author

Smith, Caroline L., primary, Russell, Sara S., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Meneghin, Andrea, additional, Brucato, John Robert, additional, Rettberg, Petra, additional, Leuko, Stefano, additional, Longobardo, Andrea, additional, Dirri, Fabrizio, additional, Palomba, Ernesto, additional, Rotundi, Alessandra, additional, Ferrière, Ludovic, additional, Bennett, Allan, additional, Pottage, Thomas, additional, Folco, Luigi, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Aléon, Jérôme, additional, Gounelle, Matthieu, additional, Marrocchi, Yves, additional, Franchi, Ian A., additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Zipfel, Jutta, additional, Foucher, Frédéric, additional, Berthoud, Lucy, additional, Vrublevskis, John, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, Holt, John, additional, and Grady, Monica M., additional

Published
2021
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10. Perseverance’s Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) Investigation

Author

Bhartia, Rohit, Beegle, Luther W., DeFlores, Lauren, Abbey, William, Razzell Hollis, Joseph, Uckert, Kyle, Monacelli, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth S., Kennedy, Megan R., Sylvia, Margarite, Aldrich, David, Anderson, Mark, Asher, Sanford A., Bailey, Zachary, Boyd, Kerry, Burton, Aaron S., Caffrey, Michael, Calaway, Michael J., Calvet, Robert, Cameron, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael A., Carrier, Brandi L., Chen, Nataly, Chen, Amy, Clark, Matthew J., Clegg, Samuel, Conrad, Pamela G., Cooper, Moogega, Davis, Kristine N., Ehlmann, Bethany, Facto, Linda, Fries, Marc D., Garrison, Dan H., Gasway, Denine, Ghaemi, F. Tony, Graff, Trevor G., Hand, Kevin P., Harris, Cathleen, Hein, Jeffrey D., Heinz, Nicholas, Herzog, Harrison, Hochberg, Eric, Houck, Andrew, Hug, William F., Jensen, Elsa H., Kah, Linda C., Kennedy, John, Krylo, Robert, Lam, Johnathan, Lindeman, Mark, McGlown, Justin, Michel, John, Miller, Ed, Mills, Zachary, Minitti, Michelle E., Mok, Fai, Moore, James, Nealson, Kenneth H., Nelson, Anthony, Newell, Raymond, Nixon, Brian E., Nordman, Daniel A., Nuding, Danielle, Orellana, Sonny, Pauken, Michael, Peterson, Glen, Pollock, Randy, Quinn, Heather, Quinto, Claire, Ravine, Michael A., Reid, Ray D., Riendeau, Joe, Ross, Amy J., Sackos, Joshua, Schaffner, Jacob A., Schwochert, Mark, O Shelton, Molly, Simon, Rufus, Smith, Caroline L., Sobron, Pablo, Steadman, Kimberly, Steele, Andrew, Thiessen, Dave, Tran, Vinh D., Tsai, Tony, Tuite, Michael, Tung, Eric, Wehbe, Rami, Weinberg, Rachel, Weiner, Ryan H., Wiens, Roger C., Williford, Kenneth, Wollonciej, Chris, Wu, Yen-Hung, Yingst, R. Aileen, and Zan, Jason

Published
2021
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11. Report of the workshop for life detection in samples from Mars

Author

Kminek, Gerhard, Conley, Catherine, Allen, Carlton C, Bartlett, Douglas H, Beaty, David W, Benning, Liane G, Bhartia, Rohit, Boston, Penelope J, Duchaine, Caroline, Farmer, Jack D, Flynn, George J, Glavin, Daniel P, Gorby, Yuri, Hallsworth, John E, Mogul, Rakesh, Moser, Duane, Price, P Buford, Pukall, Ruediger, Fernandez-Remolar, David, Smith, Caroline L, Stedman, Ken, Steele, Andrew, Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Sun, Henry, Vago, Jorge L, Voytek, Mary A, Weiss, Paul S, and Westall, Frances

Subjects
Life-detection, Extraterrestrial life, Mars sample return, Planetary protection
Abstract

The question of whether there is or was life on Mars has been one of the most pivotal since Schiaparellis' telescopic observations of the red planet. With the advent of the space age, this question can be addressed directly by exploring the surface of Mars and by bringing samples to Earth for analysis. The latter, however, is not free of problems. Life can be found virtually everywhere on Earth. Hence the potential for contaminating the Mars samples and compromising their scientific integrity is not negligible. Conversely, if life is present in samples from Mars, this may represent a potential source of extraterrestrial biological contamination for Earth. A range of measures and policies, collectively termed 'planetary protection', are employed to minimise risks and thereby prevent undesirable consequences for the terrestrial biosphere. This report documents discussions and conclusions from a workshop held in 2012, which followed a public conference focused on current capabilities for performing life-detection studies on Mars samples. The workshop focused on the evaluation of Mars samples that would maximise scientific productivity and inform decision making in the context of planetary protection. Workshop participants developed a strong consensus that the same measurements could be employed to effectively inform both science and planetary protection, when applied in the context of two competing hypotheses: 1) that there is no detectable life in the samples; or 2) that there is martian life in the samples. Participants then outlined a sequence for sample processing and defined analytical methods that would test these hypotheses. They also identified critical developments to enable the analysis of samples from Mars. © 2014 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR).

Published
2014

12. The Stops of Tlingit

Author

Maddieson, Ian and Smith, Caroline L

Subjects
Survey, Reports, Americanist
Published
2013

14. The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system

Author

King, Ashley J, Daly, Luke, Rowe, James, Joy, Katherine H, Greenwood, Richard C, Devillepoix, Hadrien AR, Suttle, Martin D, Chan, Queenie HS, Russell, Sara S, Bates, Helena C, Bryson, James FJ, Clay, Patricia L, Vida, Denis, Lee, Martin R, O'Brien, Áine, Hallis, Lydia J, Stephen, Natasha R, Tartèse, Romain, Sansom, Eleanor K, Towner, Martin C, Cupak, Martin, Shober, Patrick M, Bland, Phil A, Findlay, Ross, Franchi, Ian A, Verchovsky, Alexander B, Abernethy, Feargus AJ, Grady, Monica M, Floyd, Cameron J, Van Ginneken, Matthias, Bridges, John, Hicks, Leon J, Jones, Rhian H, Mitchell, Jennifer T, Genge, Matthew J, Jenkins, Laura, Martin, Pierre-Etienne, Sephton, Mark A, Watson, Jonathan S, Salge, Tobias, Shirley, Katherine A, Curtis, Rowan J, Warren, Tristram J, Bowles, Neil E, Stuart, Finlay M, Di Nicola, Luigia, Györe, Domokos, Boyce, Adrian J, Shaw, Kathryn MM, Elliott, Tim, Steele, Robert CJ, Povinec, Pavel, Laubenstein, Matthias, Sanderson, David, Cresswell, Alan, Jull, Anthony JT, Sýkora, Ivan, Sridhar, Sanjana, Harrison, Richard J, Willcocks, Francesca M, Harrison, Catherine S, Hallatt, Daniel, Wozniakiewicz, Penny J, Burchell, Mark J, Alesbrook, Luke S, Dignam, Aishling, Almeida, Natasha V, Smith, Caroline L, Clark, Brett, Humphreys-Williams, Emma R, Schofield, Paul F, Cornwell, Luke T, Spathis, Vassilia, Morgan, Geraint H, Perkins, Mark J, Kacerek, Richard, Campbell-Burns, Peter, Colas, Francois, Zanda, Brigitte, Vernazza, Pierre, Bouley, Sylvain, Jeanne, Simon, Hankey, Mike, Collins, Gareth S, Young, John S, Shaw, Clive, Horak, Jana, Jones, Dave, James, Nick, Bosley, Steve, Shuttleworth, Alan, Dickinson, Paul, McMullan, Ian, Robson, Derek, Smedley, Andrew RD, Stanley, Ben, Bassom, Richard, McIntyre, Mark, Suttle, Adam A, Fleet, Richard, Bastiaens, Luc, Ihász, Míra B, McMullan, Sarah, Boazman, Sarah J, Dickeson, Zach I, Grindrod, Peter M, Pickersgill, Annemarie E, Weir, Colin J, Suttle, Fiona M, Farrelly, Sarah, Spencer, Ieun, Naqvi, Sheeraz, Mayne, Ben, Skilton, Dan, Kirk, Dan, Mounsey, Ann, Mounsey, Sally E, Mounsey, Sarah, Godfrey, Pamela, Bond, Lachlan, Bond, Victoria, Wilcock, Cathryn, Wilcock, Hannah, Wilcock, Rob, King, Ashley J [0000-0001-6113-5417], Daly, Luke [0000-0002-7150-4092], Joy, Katherine H [0000-0003-4992-8750], Greenwood, Richard C [0000-0002-5544-8027], Devillepoix, Hadrien AR [0000-0001-9226-1870], Suttle, Martin D [0000-0001-7165-2215], Chan, Queenie HS [0000-0001-7205-8699], Russell, Sara S [0000-0001-5531-7847], Bates, Helena C [0000-0002-0469-9483], Bryson, James FJ [0000-0002-5675-8545], Vida, Denis [0000-0003-4166-8704], Lee, Martin R [0000-0002-6004-3622], O'Brien, Áine [0000-0002-2591-7902], Hallis, Lydia J [0000-0001-6455-8415], Stephen, Natasha R [0000-0003-3952-922X], Tartèse, Romain [0000-0002-3490-9875], Sansom, Eleanor K [0000-0003-2702-673X], Towner, Martin C [0000-0002-8240-4150], Cupak, Martin [0000-0003-2193-0867], Shober, Patrick M [0000-0003-4766-2098], Bland, Phil A [0000-0002-4681-7898], Findlay, Ross [0000-0001-7794-1819], Franchi, Ian A [0000-0003-4151-0480], Verchovsky, Alexander B [0000-0002-3532-5003], Abernethy, Feargus AJ [0000-0001-7210-3058], Grady, Monica M [0000-0002-4055-533X], Floyd, Cameron J [0000-0001-5986-491X], Van Ginneken, Matthias [0000-0002-2508-7021], Bridges, John [0000-0002-9579-5779], Hicks, Leon J [0000-0002-2464-0948], Jones, Rhian H [0000-0001-8238-9379], Mitchell, Jennifer T [0000-0002-5922-2463], Genge, Matthew J [0000-0002-9528-5971], Jenkins, Laura [0000-0003-0886-8667], Martin, Pierre-Etienne [0000-0003-1848-9695], Sephton, Mark A [0000-0002-2190-5402], Watson, Jonathan S [0000-0003-0354-1729], Salge, Tobias [0000-0002-4414-4917], Shirley, Katherine A [0000-0003-0669-7497], Curtis, Rowan J [0000-0002-9554-3053], Warren, Tristram J [0000-0003-3877-0046], Bowles, Neil E [0000-0001-5400-1461], Stuart, Finlay M [0000-0002-6395-7868], Di Nicola, Luigia [0000-0002-7596-474X], Györe, Domokos [0000-0003-4438-8361], Boyce, Adrian J [0000-0002-9680-0787], Shaw, Kathryn MM [0000-0002-3847-9382], Elliott, Tim [0000-0002-0984-0191], Steele, Robert CJ [0000-0003-1406-6855], Povinec, Pavel [0000-0003-0275-794X], Laubenstein, Matthias [0000-0001-5390-4343], Sanderson, David [0000-0002-9615-4412], Cresswell, Alan [0000-0002-5100-8075], Jull, Anthony JT [0000-0002-4079-4947], Sýkora, Ivan [0000-0003-3447-5621], Sridhar, Sanjana [0000-0003-1179-2093], Harrison, Richard J [0000-0003-3469-762X], Willcocks, Francesca M [0000-0002-3726-0258], Hallatt, Daniel [0000-0002-4426-9891], Wozniakiewicz, Penny J [0000-0002-1441-4883], Burchell, Mark J [0000-0002-2680-8943], Alesbrook, Luke S [0000-0001-9892-281X], Dignam, Aishling [0000-0001-5408-9061], Almeida, Natasha V [0000-0003-4871-8225], Smith, Caroline L [0000-0001-7005-6470], Humphreys-Williams, Emma R [0000-0002-1397-5785], Schofield, Paul F [0000-0003-0902-0588], Cornwell, Luke T [0000-0003-1428-2160], Spathis, Vassilia [0000-0002-5745-4383], Morgan, Geraint H [0000-0002-7580-6880], Campbell-Burns, Peter [0000-0001-8544-728X], Zanda, Brigitte [0000-0002-4210-7151], Vernazza, Pierre [0000-0002-2564-6743], Bouley, Sylvain [0000-0003-0377-5517], Collins, Gareth S [0000-0002-6087-6149], Young, John S [0000-0001-6583-7643], Horak, Jana [0000-0002-0492-2235], Jones, Dave [0000-0002-7215-0521], Bosley, Steve [0000-0002-9478-8518], Dickinson, Paul [0000-0003-0078-0919], McMullan, Ian [0000-0002-5579-8115], Robson, Derek [0000-0001-7807-9853], Smedley, Andrew RD [0000-0001-7137-6628], McIntyre, Mark [0000-0002-5769-4280], Suttle, Adam A [0000-0002-6075-976X], Fleet, Richard [0000-0002-8366-7673], McMullan, Sarah [0000-0002-7194-6317], Boazman, Sarah J [0000-0003-4694-0818], Dickeson, Zach I [0000-0001-9116-2571], Grindrod, Peter M [0000-0002-0934-5131], Pickersgill, Annemarie E [0000-0001-5452-2849], Suttle, Fiona M [0000-0003-1970-0034], Wilcock, Cathryn [0000-0001-7731-2860], Wilcock, Hannah [0000-0002-1043-2267], Wilcock, Rob [0000-0001-8977-7956], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Subjects
MCC, QC Physics, Multidisciplinary, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, NDAS, QB Astronomy, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, QC, QB
Abstract

Funding: This study was supported by urgency funding from the U.K.’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) as part of the project “Curation and Preliminary Examination of the Winchcombe Carbonaceous Chondrite Fall.” Additional work was funded by STFC through grants ST/N000846/1, ST/T002328/1, ST/T506096/1, and ST/W001128/1 (to L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha.); ST/V000675/1 (to K.H.J. and R.H.J.); ST/P005225/1 (to R.T.); ST/S000348/1 (to M.V.G., P.J.W., and M.J.B.); ST/R00143X/1 (to J.B. and L.J.Hi.); ST/S000615/1 (to G.S.C.); ST/V000799/1 (to P.G.); and ST/V000888/1 (to T.E.). A.J.K. and H.C.B. acknowledge funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. P.L.C. acknowledges funding support from UKRI grant MR/S03465X/1. K.H.J. acknowledges funding support from the Royal Society, grant URF\R\201009. L.J.Ha. and M.R.L. acknowledge funding from Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Environmental Isotope Facility (NEIF) grant no. 2406.0321. L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha. acknowledge COVID-19 funding support from the University of Glasgow, UK. D.V. was supported in part by NASA cooperative agreement 80NSSC21M0073. P.P. and I.Sy. acknowledge funding from the VEGA agency, project no.1/0421/20. A.J.T.J. acknowledges support from the European Union and the State of Hungary, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund in the project of GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00009 “ICER.” P.M.S. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 945298. FRIPON was initiated by funding from ANR (grant N.13-BS05-0009-03), carried out by the Paris Observatory, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris-Saclay University, and Institut Pythéas (LAM-CEREGE). FRIPON data are hosted and processed at Institut Pythéas SIP (Service Informatique Pythéas). The Desert Fireball Network team and Global Fireball Observatory are funded by the Australian Research Council (DP200102073). Direct links between carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies in the solar system are rare. The Winchcombe meteorite is the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall. Its pre-atmospheric orbit and cosmic-ray exposure age confirm that it arrived on Earth shortly after ejection from a primitive asteroid. Recovered only hours after falling, the composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is largely unmodified by the terrestrial environment. It contains abundant hydrated silicates formed during fluid-rock reactions, and carbon- and nitrogen-bearing organic matter including soluble protein amino acids. The near-pristine hydrogen isotopic composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is comparable to the terrestrial hydrosphere, providing further evidence that volatile-rich carbonaceous asteroids played an important role in the origin of Earth's water. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

15. A Brief Introduction to SHERLOC

Author

Zan, Jason, Yingst, R. Aileen, Wu, Yen-Hung, Wollonciej, Chris, Williford, Kenneth, Wiens, Roger C, Weiner, Ryan H, Weinberg, Rachel, Wehbe, Rami, Tung, Eric, Tuite, Michael, Tsai, Tony, Tran, Vinh D, Thiessen, Dave, Steele, Andrew, Steadman, Kimberly, Sobron, Pablo, Smith, Caroline L, Simon, Rufus, Shelton, Molly O, Schwochert, Mark, Schaffner, Jacob A, Sackos, Joshua, Ross, Amy J, Riendeau, Joe, Reid, Ray, Ravine, Michael A, Quinto, Claire, Quinn, Heather, Pollock, Randy, Peterson, Glen, Pauken, Michael, Orellana, Sonny, Nuding, Danielle, Nordman, Daniel A, Nixon, Brian E, Newell, Raymond, Nelson, Anthony, Nealson, Kenneth H, Moore, James, Mok, Fai, Minitti, Michelle E, Mills, Zachary, Miller, Ed, Michel, John, McGlown, Justin, Lindeman, Mark, Lam, Johnathan, Krylo, Robert, Kennedy, John, Kah, Linda C, Jensen, Elsa H, Hug, William, Houck, Andrew, Hochberg, Eric, Herzog, Harrison, Heinz, Nicholas, Hein, Jeffrey D, Harris, Cathleen, Hand, Kevin H, Graff, Trevor G, Ghaemi, F. Tony, Gasway, Denine, Garrison, Dan H, Fries, Marc D, Facto, Linda, Ehlmann, Bethany, Davis, Kristine N, Cooper, Moogega, Conrad, Pamela G, Clegg, Samuel, Clark, Matthew J, Chen, Amy, Chen, Nataly, Caplinger, Michael A, Cameron, Bruce, Calvet, Robert, Calaway, Michael J, Caffrey, Michael, Burton, Aaron S, Boyd, Kerry, Bailey, Zachary, Asher, Sanford A, Anderson, Mark, Aldrich, David, Sylvia, Margarite, Kennedy, Megan R, Edgett, Kenneth S, Monacelli, Brian, Uckert, Kyle, Hollis, Joseph Razzell, Abbey, William, DeFlores, Lauren, Bhartia, Rohit, and Beegle, L.W

Published
2020

16. A Brief Introduction to SHERLOC

Author

Beegle, L.W, Bhartia, Rohit, DeFlores, Lauren, Abbey, William, Hollis, Joseph Razzell, Uckert, Kyle, Monacelli, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth S, Kennedy, Megan R, Sylvia, Margarite, Aldrich, David, Anderson, Mark, Asher, Sanford A, Bailey, Zachary, Boyd, Kerry, Burton, Aaron S, Caffrey, Michael, Calaway, Michael J, Calvet, Robert, Cameron, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael A, Chen, Nataly, Chen, Amy, Clark, Matthew J, Clegg, Samuel, Conrad, Pamela G, Cooper, Moogega, Davis, Kristine N, Ehlmann, Bethany, Facto, Linda, Fries, Marc D, Garrison, Dan H, Gasway, Denine, Ghaemi, F. Tony, Graff, Trevor G, Hand, Kevin H, Harris, Cathleen, Hein, Jeffrey D, Heinz, Nicholas, Herzog, Harrison, Hochberg, Eric, Houck, Andrew, Hug, William, Jensen, Elsa H, Kah, Linda C, Kennedy, John, Krylo, Robert, Lam, Johnathan, Lindeman, Mark, McGlown, Justin, Michel, John, Miller, Ed, Mills, Zachary, Minitti, Michelle E, Mok, Fai, Moore, James, Nealson, Kenneth H, Nelson, Anthony, Newell, Raymond, Nixon, Brian E, Nordman, Daniel A, Nuding, Danielle, Orellana, Sonny, Pauken, Michael, Peterson, Glen, Pollock, Randy, Quinn, Heather, Quinto, Claire, Ravine, Michael A, Reid, Ray, Riendeau, Joe, Ross, Amy J, Sackos, Joshua, Schaffner, Jacob A, Schwochert, Mark, Shelton, Molly O, Simon, Rufus, Smith, Caroline L, Sobron, Pablo, Steadman, Kimberly, Steele, Andrew, Thiessen, Dave, Tran, Vinh D, Tsai, Tony, Tuite, Michael, Tung, Eric, Wehbe, Rami, Weinberg, Rachel, Weiner, Ryan H, Wiens, Roger C, Williford, Kenneth, Wollonciej, Chris, Wu, Yen-Hung, Yingst, R. Aileen, and Zan, Jason

Published
2020

17. Recovery and curation of the Winchcombe ( CM2 ) meteorite

Author

Russell, Sara S., primary, King, Ashley J., additional, Bates, Helena C., additional, Almeida, Natasha V., additional, Greenwood, Richard C., additional, Daly, Luke, additional, Joy, Katherine H., additional, Rowe, Jim, additional, Salge, Tobias, additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Grindrod, P., additional, Boazman, S., additional, Bond, L., additional, Bond, V., additional, Casey, C., additional, Dickeson, Z., additional, Ensor, G., additional, Farrelly, S., additional, Godfrey, P., additional, Hallis, L. J., additional, Ihász, M. B., additional, Kirk, D., additional, Jackson, L., additional, Lee, M. R., additional, Mayne, B., additional, McMullan, S., additional, Mounsey, A., additional, Mounsey, S. E., additional, Mounsey, S., additional, Motaghian, S., additional, Naqvi, S., additional, O'Brien, Á., additional, Pickersgill, A., additional, Skilton, D., additional, Spencer, I., additional, Stephen, N. R., additional, Suttle, F., additional, Suttle, M. D., additional, Tartese, R., additional, Weir, C., additional, Wilcock, Cathryn, additional, Wilcock, Hannah, additional, and Wilcock, Rob, additional

Published
2023
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18. In situ Identification of Paleoarchean Biosignatures Using Colocated Perseverance Rover Analyses: Perspectives for in situ Mars Science and Sample Return

Author

Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Moore, Kelsey R., Hollis, Joseph J. Razzell, Tuite, Michael L., Beegle, Luther W., Bhartia, Rohit, Grotzinger, John P., Brown, Adrian J., Shkolyar, Svetlana, Cavalazzi, Barbara, and Smith, Caroline L.

Abstract

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover is currently exploring Jezero crater, a Noachian–Hesperian locality that once hosted a delta–lake system with high habitability and biosignature preservation potential. Perseverance conducts detailed appraisals of rock targets using a synergistic payload capable of geological characterization from kilometer to micron scales. The highest-resolution textural and chemical information will be provided by correlated WATSON (imaging), SHERLOC (deep-UV Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy), and PIXL (X-ray lithochemistry) analyses, enabling the distributions of organic and mineral phases within rock targets to be comprehensively established. Herein, we analyze Paleoarchean microbial mats from the ∼3.42 Ga Buck Reef Chert (Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa)—considered astrobiological analogues for a putative ancient martian biosphere—following a WATSON–SHERLOC–PIXL protocol identical to that conducted by Perseverance on Mars during all sampling activities. Correlating deep-UV Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic mapping with X-ray elemental mapping, we show that the Perseverance payload has the capability to detect thermally and texturally mature organic materials of biogenic origin and can highlight organic–mineral interrelationships and elemental colocation at fine spatial scales. We also show that the Perseverance protocol obtains very similar results to high-performance laboratory imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and μXRF instruments. This is encouraging for the prospect of detecting microscale organic-bearing textural biosignatures on Mars using the correlative micro-analytical approach enabled by WATSON, SHERLOC, and PIXL; indeed, laminated, organic-bearing samples such as those studied herein are considered plausible analogues of biosignatures from a potential Noachian–Hesperian biosphere. Were similar materials discovered at Jezero crater, they would offer opportunities to reconstruct aspects of the early martian carbon cycle and search for potential fossilized traces of life in ancient paleoenvironments. Such samples should be prioritized for caching and eventual return to Earth.

Published
2022

19. In Situ Identification of Paleoarchean Biosignatures Using Colocated Perseverance Rover Analyses: Perspectives for In Situ Mars Science and Sample Return

Author

Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, primary, Moore, Kelsey R., additional, Hollis, Joseph J. Razzell, additional, Tuite, Michael L., additional, Beegle, Luther W., additional, Bhartia, Rohit, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Brown, Adrian J., additional, Shkolyar, Svetlana, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, and Smith, Caroline L., additional

Published
2022
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20. Final report of the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2)

Author

Meyer, Michael A, Kminek, Gerhard, Beaty, David W, Carrier, Brandi Lee, Haltigin, Timothy, Hays, Lindsay E, Agee, Carl B., Busemann, Henner, Cavalazzi, Barbara, Cockell, Charles S., Debaille, Vinciane, Glavin, Daniel P., Grady, Monica M., Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, Bernard, McCubbin, Francis M., Pratt, Lisa M, Regberg, Aaron B., Smith, Alvin L, Smith, Caroline L, Summons, Roger E., Swindle, Timothy D, Tait, Kimberly T, Tosca, Nicholas J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael A., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Westall, Frances, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, NASA Headquarters, European Space Agency (ESA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Meyer M. A., Kminek G., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Cockell C. S., Debaille V., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Hutzler A., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith A. L., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Tosca N. J., Udry A., Usui T., Velbel M. A., Wadhwa M., Westall F., and Zorzano M. -P.

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign
Abstract

International audience; The Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign must meet a series of scientific and technical achievements to be successful. While the respective engineering responsibilities to retrieve the samples have been formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding between ESA and NASA, the roles and responsibilities of the scientific elements have yet to be fully defined. In April 2020, ESA and NASA jointly chartered the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) to build upon previous planning efforts in defining 1) an end-to-end MSR Science Program and 2) needed functionalities and design requirements for an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF). The challenges for the first samples brought from another planet include not only maintaining and providing samples in pristine condition for study, but also maintaining biological containment until the samples meet sample safety criteria for distribution outside of biocontainment. The MSPG2 produced six reports outlining 66 findings. Abbreviated versions of the five additional high-level MSPG2 summary findings are: Summary-1. A long-term NASA/ESA MSR Science Program, along with the necessary funding and human resources, will be required to accomplish the end-to-end scientific objectives of MSR. Summary-2. MSR curation will need to be done concurrently with Biosafety Level-4 containment. This would lead to complex first-of-a-kind curation implementations and require further technology development. Summary-3. Most aspects of MSR sample science can, and should, be performed on samples deemed safe in laboratories outside of the SRF. However, other aspects of MSR sample science are both time-sensitive and sterilization-sensitive and would need to be carried out in the SRF. Summary-4. To meet the unique science, curation, and planetary protection needs of MSR, substantial analytical and sample management capabilities would be required in an SRF. Summary-5. Because of the long lead-time for SRF design, construction, and certification, it is important that preparations begin immediately, even if there is delay in the return of samples.

Published
2022

21. Planning Implications Related to Sterilization-Sensitive Science Investigations Associated with Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Author

Velbel, Michael A., primary, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi Lee, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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22. Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)

Author

Tait, Kimberly T., primary, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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23. The Scientific Importance of Returning Airfall Dust as a Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Author

Grady, Monica M., primary, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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24. Rationale and Proposed Design for a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science Program

Author

Haltigin, Timothy, primary, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, and Westall, Frances, additional

Published
2022
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25. Science and Curation Considerations for the Design of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)

Author

Carrier, Brandi L., primary, Beaty, David W., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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26. Final Report of the Mars Sample Return Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2)

Author

Meyer, Michael A., primary, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agree, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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27. Join the Dots: assessing a collection of 80 million items at The Natural History Museum, London

Author

Miller, C. Giles, primary, Brewer, Philippa, additional, Carine, Mark, additional, Comerford, Gill, additional, Hardy, Helen, additional, Hart, Andrea, additional, Long, Sarah, additional, Price, Benjamin W., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Smith, David A., additional, Smith, Mel, additional, Stevens, Lil, additional, Thompson, Katie, additional, Valentine, Clare, additional, Vincent, Sarah, additional, Wilson, Scott, additional, and Woodburn, Matt, additional

Published
2022
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28. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science

Author

Tosca, Nicholas J., primary, Agee, Carl B., additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A, additional, Beaty, David W, additional, Carrier, Brandi Lee, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E, additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Pratt, Lisa M, additional, Smith, Alvin L, additional, Smith, Caroline L, additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D, additional, Tait, Kimberly T, additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2021
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31. CHAPTER 13 - A roadmap for a European extraterrestrial sample curation facility – the EURO[sbnd]CARES project

Author

Smith, Caroline L., Russell, Sara S., Hutzler, Aurore, Meneghin, Andrea, Brucato, John Robert, Rettberg, Petra, Leuko, Stefano, Longobardo, Andrea, Dirri, Fabrizio, Palomba, Ernesto, Rotundi, Alessandra, Ferrière, Ludovic, Bennett, Allan, Pottage, Thomas, Folco, Luigi, Debaille, Vinciane, Aléon, Jérôme, Gounelle, Matthieu, Marrocchi, Yves, Franchi, Ian A., Westall, Frances, Zipfel, Jutta, Foucher, Frédéric, Berthoud, Lucy, Vrublevskis, John, Bridges, John C., Holt, John, and Grady, Monica M.

Published
2021
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36. Ratio of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in endothelial cells determines glucose-elicited changes in NO vs. superoxide production by eNOS

Author

Crabtree, Mark J., Smith, Caroline L., Lam, George, Goligorsky, Michael S., and Gross, Steven S.

Subjects
Nitric oxide -- Research, Nitric oxide -- Physiological aspects, Endothelium -- Research, Endothelium -- Physiological aspects, Diabetes -- Research, Diabetes -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin ([BH.sub.4]) is an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). Oxidation of [BH.sub.4], in the setting of diabetes and other chronic vasoinflammatory conditions, can cause cofactor insufficiency and uncoupling of endothelial NOS (eNOS), manifest by a switch from nitric oxide (NO) to superoxide production. Here we tested the hypothesis that eNOS uncoupling is not simply a consequence of [BH.sub.4] insufficiency, but rather results from a diminished ratio of [BH.sub.4] vs. its catalytically incompetent oxidation product, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin ([BH.sub.2]). In support of this hypothesis, [[sup.3]H][BH.sub.4] binding studies revealed that [BH.sub.4] and [BH.sub.2] bind eNOS with equal affinity ([K.sub.d] [approximately equal to] 80 nM) and [BH.sub.2] can rapidly and efficiently replace [BH.sub.4] in preformed eNOS-[BH.sub.4] complexes. Whereas the total biopterin pool of murine endothelial cells (ECs) was unaffected by 48-h exposure to diabetic glucose levels (30 mM), [BH.sub.2] levels increased from undetectable to 40% of total biopterin. This [BH.sub.2] accumulation was associated with diminished calcium ionophore-evoked NO activity and accelerated superoxide production. Since superoxide production was suppressed by NOS inhibitor treatment, eNOS was implicated as a principal superoxide source. Importantly, [BH.sub.4] supplementation of ECs (in low and high glucose-containing media) revealed that calcium ionophore-evoked NO bioactivity correlates with intracellular [BH.sub.4]: [BH.sub.2] and not absolute intracellular levels of [BH.sub.4]. Reciprocally, superoxide production was found to negatively correlate with intracellular [BH.sub.4]:[BH.sub.2]. Hyperglycemia-associated [BH.sub.4], oxidation and NO insufficiency was recapitulated in vivo, in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat model of type 2 diabetes. Together, these findings implicate diminished intracellular [BH.sub.4]: [BH.sub.2], rather than [BH.sub.4] depletion per se, as the molecular trigger for NO insufficiency in diabetes. nitric oxide; diabetes; endothelial dysfunction

Published
2008

38. Characterization of mineral surfaces using FIB and TEM: a case study of naturally weathered alkali feldspars

Author

Lee, Martin R., Brown, David J., Smith, Caroline L., Hodson, Mark E., MacKenzie, Maureen, and Hellmann, Roland

Subjects
Feldspar -- Chemical properties, Feldspar -- Structure, Ion bombardment -- Usage, Electron microscopy -- Usage, Earth sciences
Abstract

Using a focused ion beam (FIB) instrument, electron-transparent samples (termed foils) have been cut from the naturally weathered surfaces of perthitic alkali feldspars recovered from soils overlying the Shap granite, northwest England. Characterization of these foils by transmission electron microscopy (TEN[) has enabled determination of the crystallinity and chemical composition of near-surface regions of the feldspar and an assessment of the influence of intragranular microtextures on the microtopography of grain surfaces and development of etch pits. Damage accompanying implantation of the 30 kV [Ga.sup.+] ions used for imaging and deposition of protective platinum prior to ion milling creates amorphous layers beneath outer grain surfaces, but can be overcome by coating grains with >85 nm of gold before FIB work. The sidewalls of the foil and feldspar surrounding original voids are also partially amorphized during later stages of ion milling. No evidence was found for the presence of amorphous or crystalline weathering products of amorphous 'leached layers' immediately beneath outer grain surfaces. The absence of a leached layer indicates that chemical weathering of feldspar in the Shap soils is stoichiometric, or if non-stoichiometric, either the layer is too thin to resolve by the TEM techniques used (i.e., [less than or equal to]~2.5 nm) of an insufficient proportion of ions have been leached from near-surface regions so that feldspar crystallinity is maintained. No evidence was found for any difference in the mechanisms of weathering where a microbial filament rests on the feldspar surface. Sub-micrometer-sized steps on the grain surface have formed where subgrains and exsolution lamellae have influenced the propagation of fractures during physical weathering, whereas finer scale corrugations form due to compositional or strain-related differences in dissolution rates of albite platelets and enclosing tweed orthoclase. With progressive weathering, etch pits that initiated at the grain surface extend into grain interiors as etch tubes by exploiting preexisting networks of nanopores that formed during the igneous history of the grain. The combination of FIB and TEM techniques is an especially powerful way of exploring mechanisms of weathering within the 'internal zone' beneath outer grain surfaces, but results must be interpreted with caution owing to the ease with which artifacts can be created by the high-energy ion and electron beams used in the preparation and characterization of the foils. Keywords: FIB, TEM, alkali feldspar, weathering

Published
2007

40. Prosodic finality and sentence type in French *

Author

Smith, Caroline L.

Subjects
Language and languages -- Analysis -- Research, French language -- Analysis -- Research, Linguistics -- Research -- Analysis, Health, Languages and linguistics, Analysis, Research
Abstract

Abstract Prosodic boundaries are marked in speech by modifications to dimensions such as F0, duration, and segmental quality. The experiment reported here tests the hypothesis that modifications at the end [...]

Published
2002

45. Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume-fed volcano

Author

Cohen, Benjamin E., Mark, Darren F., Cassata, William S., Lee, Martin R., Tomkinson, Tim, Smith, Caroline L., University of St Andrews. School of Geography and Geosciences, and University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Chemistry(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Science, Volcanology, DAS, Physics and Astronomy(all), QD Chemistry, METEORITICS, Inner planets, QB Astronomy, lcsh:Q, QD, lcsh:Science, QB
Abstract

This work was funded by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grants ST/H002472/1, ST/H002960/1 and ST/K000918/1 to D.F.M. and M.R.L.) and the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program (grant NNH14AX56I to W.S.C.). Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Mars hosts the solar system's largest volcanoes. Although their size and impact crater density indicate continued activity over billions of years, their formation rates are poorly understood. Here we quantify the growth rate of a Martian volcano by 40Ar/39Ar and cosmogenic exposure dating of six nakhlites, meteorites that were ejected from Mars by a single impact event at 10.7 ± 0.8 Ma (2σ). We find that the nakhlites sample a layered volcanic sequence with at least four discrete eruptive events spanning 93 ± 12 Ma (1416 ± 7 Ma to 1322 ± 10 Ma (2σ)). A non-radiogenic trapped 40Ar/36Ar value of 1511 ± 74 (2σ) provides a precise and robust constraint for the mid-Amazonian Martian atmosphere. Our data show that the nakhlite-source volcano grew at a rate of ca. 0.4-0.7 m Ma-1-three orders of magnitude slower than comparable volcanoes on Earth, and necessitating that Mars was far more volcanically active earlier in its history. Publisher PDF

Published
2017

46. Articulatory correlates of French and English metrical structure: Influences on L1 and L2

Author

Erickson, Donna, Smith, Caroline L., Savariaux, Christophe, Haskins Laboratories, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], GIPSA-Services (GIPSA-Services), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), GIPSA - Cognitive Robotics, Interactive Systems, & Speech Processing (GIPSA-CRISSP), Département Parole et Cognition (GIPSA-DPC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), and Savariaux, Christophe

Subjects
[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

49. French

Author

Fougeron, Cécile and Smith, Caroline L.

Published
1993

50. Perception of acoustic, informational and structural prominence in English, French, and Spanish

Author

Cole, Jennifer, Hualde, José Ignacio, Smith, Caroline L., Eager, Christopher, Mahrt, Tim, Napoleão de Souza, Ricardo, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
intonation, French, English, Prominence, Spanish, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics
Abstract

International audience; Nuclear prominence is assigned to a word based on information status in some languages, while its location is fixed at the end of a phrase in others. We test how this difference affects prominence perception, comparing English, Spanish and French, languages that differ in the strength of the link between informational, positional and acoustic prominence. Using the method of Rapid Prosody Transcription, we compare prominence perception in English Spanish and French in relation to phrasal position and word frequency (a correlate of information status), and by directing listeners’ attention to acoustic criteria or to informational (“meaning-based” criteria). Prominence annotations were collected for spontaneous speech excerpts from 30 listeners of each language. Statistical results of mixed-effect regression show that word frequency as an informational factor most strongly influences prominence ratings for English, where prominence is the primary expression of information status. But despite differences in the phrasal location of nuclear prominence among these languages, the structural factor of adjacency to a prosodic boundary uniformly influences prominence perception based on acoustic criteria in all languages. Listeners in all three languages tend to perceive an acoustically-cued structural prominence on the phrase-final word, suggesting the primacy of a structural nuclear prominence in prosodic theory.

Published
2016

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