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1,649 results on '"Smith, Alastair"'

7. MLL-AF4 cooperates with PAF1 and FACT to drive high-density enhancer interactions in leukemia

Author

Crump, Nicholas T., Smith, Alastair L., Godfrey, Laura, Dopico-Fernandez, Ana M., Denny, Nicholas, Harman, Joe R., Hamley, Joseph C., Jackson, Nicole E., Chahrour, Catherine, Riva, Simone, Rice, Siobhan, Kim, Jaehoon, Basrur, Venkatesha, Fermin, Damian, Elenitoba-Johnson, Kojo, Roeder, Robert G., Allis, C. David, Roberts, Irene, Roy, Anindita, Geng, Huimin, Davies, James O. J., and Milne, Thomas A.

Published
2023
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15. Reviews

Author

Smith, Alastair G

Published
2001

27. Modality Effects in Vocabulary Acquisition

Author

Wolf, Merel C., Smith, Alastair C., Meyer, Antje S., and Rowland, Caroline F.

Subjects
modality effects, word learning, vocabularyacquisition, reading
Abstract

It is unknown whether modality affects the efficiency withwhich humans learn novel word forms and their meanings,with previous studies reporting both written and auditoryadvantages. The current study implements controls whoseabsence in previous work likely offers explanation for suchcontradictory findings. In two novel word learningexperiments, participants were trained and tested onpseudoword - novel object pairs, with controls on: modality oftest, modality of meaning, duration of exposure andtransparency of word form. In both experiments word formswere presented in either their written or spoken form, eachpaired with a pictorial meaning (novel object). Following a 20-minute filler task, participants were tested on their ability toidentify the picture-word form pairs on which they weretrained. A between subjects design generated four participantgroups per experiment 1) written training, written test; 2)written training, spoken test; 3) spoken training, written test; 4)spoken training, spoken test. In Experiment 1 the writtenstimulus was presented for a time period equal to the durationof the spoken form. Results showed that when the duration ofexposure was equal, participants displayed a written trainingbenefit. Given words can be read faster than the time taken forthe spoken form to unfold, in Experiment 2 the written formwas presented for 300 ms, sufficient time to read the word yet65% shorter than the duration of the spoken form. No modalityeffect was observed under these conditions, when exposure tothe word form was equivalent. These results demonstrate, atleast for proficient readers, that when exposure to the wordform is controlled across modalities the efficiency with whichword form-meaning associations are learnt does not differ. Ourresults therefore suggest that, although we typically begin asaural-only word learners, we ultimately converge ondeveloping learning mechanisms that learn equally efficientlyfrom both written and spoken materials.

Published
2019

33. Clinical and Neurologic Outcomes in Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure: A 21-Year Multicenter Cohort Study

Author

Lee, William M., Larson, Anne M., Liou, Iris, Fix, Oren, Schilsky, Michael, McCashland, Timothy, Eileen Hay, J., Murray, Natalie, Shaikh, A. Obaid S., Blei, Andres, Ganger, Daniel, Zaman, Atif, Han, Steven H.B., Robert Fontana, McGuire, Brendan, Chung, Raymond T., Smith, Alastair, Brown, Robert, Crippin, Jeffrey, Harrison, Edwin, Reuben, Adrian, Munoz, Santiago, Reddy, Rajender, Todd Stravitz, R., Rossaro, Lorenzo, Satyanarayana, Raj, Hassanein, Tarek, Karvellas, Constantine J., Olson, Jodi, Subramanian, Ram, Hanje, James, Hameed, Bilal, MacDonald, Andrew J., Speiser, Jaime L., Ganger, Daniel R., Nilles, Kathleen M., and Orandi, Babak J.

Published
2021
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35. How do marine bacteria respond to nutrient limitation? : a lipidomics approach

Author

Smith, Alastair F.

Subjects
570, QR Microbiology
Abstract

Microbes inhabiting surface waters of the Earth’s oceans are exquisitely adapted to their nutrient-poor environment. Marine phytoplankton, for example, are able to reduce their requirements for phosphorus by replacing membrane phospholipids with alternative non-phosphorus lipids. Heterotrophic bacteria, which can also thrive when phosphorus is scarce, had not, however, been shown to carry out this process – seemingly placing these organisms at a competitive disadvantage. In this thesis, I show that substitution of membrane phospholipids for a variety of non-phosphorus lipids is a conserved response to phosphorus deficiency amongst phylogenetically diverse marine heterotrophic bacteria. By deletion mutagenesis and complementation in the model marine bacterium Phaeobacter sp. MED193 and heterologous expression in recombinant Escherichia coli, I confirmed the roles of a phospholipase C (PlcP) and a glycosyltransferase in lipid remodelling. Analyses of two large collections of marine metagenomes, the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) and Tara datasets, demonstrate that PlcP is particularly abundant in areas characterised by low phosphate concentrations. To better understand the lipids that potentially replace phospholipids during this remodeling process, I investigated a number of poorly-characterised aminolipids that are prevalent in the globally important marine Roseobacter group. I was able to identify two genes involved in the synthesis of one of these lipids, a glutamine lipid. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of one of these genes revealed that the capacity to synthesise glutamine lipid appears to be virtually ubiquitous within the Roseobacter group. A further class of aminolipids was present in many Roseobacter strains, which I identified as a novel class of homotaurine-containing lipids using high-resolution, accurate mass spectrometry. These homotaurine lipids were detected in a battery of Roseobacter strains, enabling me to employ a comparative genomics approach to identify genes potentially involved in their biosynthesis. Surprisingly, neither of these aminolipids appeared to play an important role in the response to phosphorus limitation in the Roseobacter strains tested. Together, these results point to a key role for lipid substitution as an adaptive strategy enabling heterotrophic bacteria to thrive in vast, phosphorus-depleted areas of the ocean. Although phosphorus-free lipids play a crucial role in this process of adaptation, my work emphasises that many of these lipids are not simply substitutes for phospholipids but rather appear to have important roles in the cell in their own right.

Published
2017

39. Measurement of the prompt fission y -rays from slow neutron-induced fission of 235 U with STEFF

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Wright, Tobias, Smith, Alastair, Sosnin, Nikolay Viktorovich, Bennett, Sam, Davies, Paul John, Popescu, Alexandra, Ryan, Joanne, Sekhar, Adhitya, Warren, Saskia, Aberle, Oliver, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, Tarifeño Saldivia, Ariel Esteban, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Wright, Tobias, Smith, Alastair, Sosnin, Nikolay Viktorovich, Bennett, Sam, Davies, Paul John, Popescu, Alexandra, Ryan, Joanne, Sekhar, Adhitya, Warren, Saskia, Aberle, Oliver, Amaducci, Simone, Andrzejewski, Józef, Calviño Tavares, Francisco, Casanovas Hoste, Adrià, Cortés Rossell, Guillem Pere, and Tarifeño Saldivia, Ariel Esteban

Abstract

The average energy and multiplicity of prompt y -rays from slow neutron-induced fission of 235 U have been measured using the STEFF spectrometer at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF. The individual responses from 11 NaI scintillators were corrected for multiple y -ray interactions, prompt fission neutrons and background counts before being deconvolved to estimate the emitted spectrum of prompt fission y -rays. The results give an average y -ray energy ¯Ey of 1.71(5) MeV and multiplicity ¯vy of 2.66(18) considering y -rays emitted within the energy range 0.8–6.8 MeV. The n_TOF data has a slightly larger ¯Ey and smaller ¯vy than other recent measurements, however the product of the two is in agreement within quoted uncertainties., This work was supported by the UK Nuclear Data Network, the BEIS Advanced Fuel Cycle programme, the SANDA Nuclear Data Euratom Project, and the funding agencies of the participating institutes., Article signat per 124 autors/es: T. Wright, A.G.Smith, N. V. Sosnin, S. A. Bennett, P.J.Davies, A. V. Popescu, J. A. Ryan, A. Sekhar, S. Warren, O. Aberle, S. Amaducci, J. Andrzejewski, L. Audouin, M. Bacak, J. Balibrea, M. Barbagallo, F.Becvár, E. Berthoumieux, J. Billowes, D. Bosnar, A.Brown, M. Caamaño, F. Calviño, M. Calviani, D. Cano-Ott, R. Cardella, A. Casanovas, F. Cerutti, Y. H. Chen, E. Chiaveri, N. Colonna, G. Cortés, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, L. Cosentino, L. A. Damone, M. Diakaki, C. Domingo-Pardo, R. Dressler, E. Dupont, I. Durán, B. Fernández-Domínguez, A. Ferrari, P. Ferreira, P. Finocchiaro, V. Furman, K. Göbel, A. R. García, A. Gawlik-Ramie ̨ga, S. Gilardoni, T. Glodariu, I. F. Gonçalves, E. González-Romero, E. Griesmayer, C. Guerrero, F. Gunsing, H. Harada, S. Heinitz, J. Heyse, D. G. Jenkins, E. Jericha, F. Käppeler, Y. Kadi, A. Kalamara, P. Kavrigin, A. Kimura, N.Kivel, M. Kokkoris, M.Krtiˇcka, D. Kurtulgil, E. Leal-Cidoncha, C. Lederer-Woods, H. Leeb, J. Lerendegui-Marco, S.LoMeo, S. J. Lonsdale, D. Macina, A. Manna, J. Marganiec, T. Martínez, A.Masi, C. Massimi, P. Mastinu, M. Mastromarco, E. A. Maugeri, A. Mazzone, E. Mendoza, A. Mengoni, P. M. Milazzo, F. Mingrone, A. Musumarra, A. Negret, R.Nolte, A. Oprea, N. Patronis, A. Pavlik, J. Perkowski, I. Porras, J. Praena, J. M. Quesada, D. Radeck, T. Rauscher, R. Reifarth, C. Rubbia, M. Sabaté-Gilarte, A. Saxena, P. Schillebeeckx, D. Schumann, P. Sedyshev, A. Stamatopoulos, G. Tagliente, J.L.Tain, A. Tarifeño-Saldivia, L. Tassan-Got, S. Valenta, G. Vannini, V. Variale, P.Vaz, A. Ventura, V. Vlachoudis, R.Vlastou, A. Wallner, C. Weiss, P. J. Woods, P. Žugec., Postprint (published version)

Published
2024

41. Liver function and portal‐systemic shunting quantified by the oral cholate challenge test and risk for large oesophageal varices.

Author

Hassanein, Tarek, Keaveny, Andrew P., Mantry, Parvez, Smith, Alastair D., McRae, Michael P., Kittelson, John, Helmke, Steve, Everson, Gregory T., Bambha, Kiran, Fuchs, Michael, Gilroy, Richard K., Reddy, K. Rajender, Shiffman, Mitchell L., Rahimi, Robert S., Hellstern, Paul A., Hill, John M., Kayali, Zeid, Denham, Doug, Qureshi, Kamran, and Smith, Brian

Subjects
ESOPHAGEAL varices, ORAL drug administration, LIVER diseases, LIVER function tests, GENERATING functions
Abstract

Summary: Background: The quantitative HepQuant SHUNT test of liver function and physiology generates a disease severity index (DSI) that correlates with risk for clinical complications, such as large oesophageal varices (LEVs). A derivative test, HepQuant DuO, generates an equivalent DSI and simplifies testing by requiring only oral administration of the test solution and two blood samples at 20 and 60 min. Aims: Since the DSIs measured from DuO and SHUNT are equivalent, we compared the diagnostic performance for large oesophageal varices (LEVs) between the DSIs measured from DuO and SHUNT tests. Methods: This study combined the data from two prospectively conducted US studies: HALT‐C and SHUNT‐V. A total of 455 subjects underwent both the SHUNT test and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Results: DSI scores correlated with the probability of LEVs (p < 0.001) and demonstrated a stepwise increase from healthy lean controls without liver disease to subjects with chronic liver disease and no, small or large varices. Furthermore, a cutoff of DSI ≤ 18.3 from DuO had a sensitivity of 0.98 (missing only one case) and, if applied to the endoscopy (EGD) decision, would have prevented 188 EGDs (41.3%). The AUROC for DSI from DuO did not differ from that of the reference SHUNT test method (0.82 versus 0.81, p = 0.3500). Conclusions: DSI from HepQuant DuO links liver function and physiology to the risk of LEVs across a wide spectrum of patient characteristics, disease aetiologies and liver disease severity. DuO is minimally invasive, easy to administer, quantitative and may aid the decision to avoid or perform EGD for LEVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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43. Sustainable Development

Author

Smith, Alastair M., de Andrade Guerra, José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório, Section editor, and Leal Filho, Walter, editor

Published
2019
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46. Iron deficiency causes aspartate-sensitive metabolic and proliferative dysfunction in CD8+ T cells

Author

Teh, Megan R, primary, Gudgeon, Nancy, additional, Frost, Joe N, additional, Sinclair, Linda V, additional, Smith, Alastair L, additional, Millington, Christopher L, additional, Kronsteiner, Barbara, additional, Roberts, Jennie, additional, Marzullo, Bryan P, additional, Preston, Alexandra E, additional, Rehwinkel, Jan, additional, Milne, Thomas A, additional, Tennant, Daniel A, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J, additional, Armitage, Andrew E, additional, Dimeloe, Sarah K, additional, and Drakesmith, Hal, additional

Published
2024
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49. Group Incentives and Rational Voting

Author

Smith, Alastair, de Mesquita, Bruce Bueno, and LaGatta, Tom

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

Our model describes competition between groups driven by the choices of self-interested voters within groups. Within a Poisson voting environment, parties observe aggregate support from groups and can allocate prizes or punishments to them. In a tournament style analysis, the model characterizes how contingent allocation of prizes based on relative levels of support affects equilibrium voting behavior. In addition to standard notions of pivotality, voters influence the distribution of prizes across groups. Such prize pivotality supports positive voter turnout even in non-competitive electoral settings. The analysis shows that competition for a prize awarded to the most supportive group is only stable when two groups actively support a party. However, competition among groups to avoid punishment is stable in environments with any number of groups. We conclude by examining implications for endogenous group formation and how politicians structure the allocation of rewards and punishments., Comment: 34 pages, 1 figure

Published
2011
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