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Background: Nephrotoxicity due to Diclofenac Sodium can be correlated with this concept of Dushi Visha and nephroprotective drugs mentioned in Ayurveda texts may play an important role in this area. Pippalyadi Agad is the herbo-mineral medication stated by Yogaratnakara for treatment of Dushi Visha. Some of the drugs in this formulation have shown efficacy in correcting nephrotoxicity. Objective: To study the nephroprotective activity of Pippalyadi Agad on diclofenac sodium induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice. Methods: The experimental study was carried out in albino mice as per CPCSEA guidelines after getting approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). 30 albino mice, each weighing about 20-30 gm, were procured from Bharat serum and vaccines. The mice were housed in the institutional animal house in standard conditions. 30 albino mice were equally divided into five groups having six animals in each group as Trial Drug (low dose), Trial Drug (medium dose), Standard Control, Disease Control and Vehicle Control. For assessment of nephrotoxicity, the animals were monitored on Day 0, Day 15 and Day 45 by carrying out blood investigations such as BUN, Serum Creatinine, Body weight and CBC. The Data were subjected to appropriate statistical tests to derive results. Results: Pippalyadi Agad treatment at low and medium doses significantly lowered BUN and Serum Creatinine in comparison with Disease and Standard Control at Day 45. Pippalyadi Agad treatment at low and medium doses significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) increased body weights of the animals in comparison with Disease and Standard Control at Day 45. No significant difference in CBC parameters was observed in any of the Groups except the Disease Control Group on Day 15 and Day 45. Conclusion: Pippalyadi Agad has shown nephroprotective activity based on biochemical changes observed in Serum Creatinine, BUN and CBC.

The aim of this research was to evaluate and compare the effect of a packaged orange juice on the two most commonly used restorative materials in pediatric dentistry.Fifteen samples each of 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) and an esthetic restorative material were prepared using silicone rings. These were exposed to a packaged orange fruit juice and then placed in a standard culture ofResults from the study show that there is a decrease in the colony forming unit (CFU) after exposure to the packaged fruit juice as opposed to the studies using carbonated acidic drinks, which have shown a consistent rise in the CFU due to a change in the surface morphology.Within the limitations of this study, it was seen that the consumption of fruit juice may not cause a deteriorating effect on the restorative materials considered. However, the results were not statistically significant and further research is necessary to come to a conclusion regarding the reduction in the bacterial count after exposure to the fruit juice.With further research, such studies can help in improving the diet counseling practices.Patel A, Belsare SP, Jajoo SS

Pediatric professionals treat nature’s most benevolent creation i.e., the child.It is important to focus not only on oral health but also on the overall health of the pediatric patient because oral health is an integral part of total development.There are various dental materials ranging from diagnosis to rehabilitation for the management of oral diseases that are not devoid of posing a potential risk of inducing allergic reactions to Pediatric patients in the dental setting.Most importantly, a dental practitioner must be trained in medical emergencies and be capable of resuscitating a patient. Not only the dentist but also the assistants present in the clinic should be trained on how to manage any allergic emergency conditions in children in dental settings.As some of these diseases have higher rates of morbidity and mortality, management of such conditions requires a multidisciplinary medical team approach consisting of physicians, dermatologists, Pediatric dentists, and ophthalmologists.So, this review involves in-detail information regarding what is an allergy, history of allergy, allergic and immunological responses of the oral mucosa, dental materials prone to allergies, its diagnosis, and treatment modalities in child hoping that it will be helpful to every practicing pediatric professional. Â

A sample of 150 children (5-7 yrs old), 80 belonging to middle SES group and 70 belonging to low SES group and brought up by their both parents (either both parents are working or only one parent is working) as well as by their grandparents were chosen randomly from the selected 10 colonies from Parbhani City of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. The data pertaining to the study were collected by personally interviewing the parents and grandparents of sample children based on structured and open ended interview schedule and also by administering Kuppuswamy’s Socio-economic Status Scale revised by Dr. Sheikh Mohd Saleem (2018) for assessing the socio-economic status of the sample children. It is apparent from the results that irrespective of the groups and socio-economic status of the sample children, a higher percentage of both the paternal grandparents(64-65%) were found to be involved in child upbringing right from their neonatal stage. With regard to the involvement in upbringing of grandchildren all the grandparents expressed that, it was most rewarding experience of their life and also it was beneficial to them for remaining physically and mentally fit (33-43%). However a majority of them (44- 71 %) expressed that sometimes it became difficult for them to carry out their personal work due to their involvement in upbringing of grandchildren. On the whole, the findings of the study highlight that families need to involve grandparents in caring grandchildren as they are found to be playing vital role in child upbringing and which in turn enabling grandparents to lead happy, contented and dignified life.

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTP deficiency or MTPD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. It is characterized by severe neonatal manifestations such as cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, skeletal myopathy, neuropathy, liver disease, and death. It can also present with mild symptoms such as peripheral polyneuropathy, episodic rhabdomyolysis, and pigmentary retinopathy. Peripheral neuropathy is a known and long-term irreversible complication of MTPD. We report a rare case of a 5-year-old male child with slowly progressive limb weakness; genetic analysis was suggestive of MTPD with novel HADHA gene mutation. The present study comprehensively analyzed the cases, including exome sequencing, to the best of our knowledge, describing the first observation of homozygous novel mutation in the HADHA gene underlying this disorder in India.

The increase in use of collagen products in almost every sector of utility has stipulated the rising demand for collagen. It is an essential fibrous glycoprotein, which is abundantly present in the extracellular matrix and connective tissues in many living organisms. Owing to its unique characteristics such as biocompatibility, bioavailability and weak antigenicity it has gained major interest in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biomedical and leather industries. The collagen-based composites possess an enhanced capacity to dissipate mechanical energy, strength and stiffness making it the most promising biomolecule for its multifaceted applications. Recently, synthetic biology platforms are getting wide attention for the production of non-native collagen alternatives to meet the rising demand for collagen worldwide. In the initial part, this review aims to explain different sources, structures, biosynthesis of collagen and its types followed by the emerging applications of collagen as a next-generation biomaterial in the later part. The article emphasises the synthesis of non-native collagen using novel expression systems like plant and algae in addition to bacteria and yeast with industrial consideration. In the conclusion section, challenges and opportunities of using synthetic biology tools are described.

BACKGROUND Latissimus dorsi plays an important role in bowlers. Different bowling techniques recruit latissimus dorsi at different phases of bowling. This causes the muscle to undergo excessive contraction than its limit. Despite widespread knowledge about the recruitment of latissimus dorsi in bowling, there is limited electromyographic (EMG) studies about latissimus dorsi. It is necessary to evaluate and document the recruitment of latissimus dorsi in dominant and non-dominant arm in bowlers, which is focused in this study. This study was done to analyse the surface EMG activity of latissimus dorsi muscle in dominant and non-dominant arm during bowling. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among 96 professional cricket bowlers from deluxe cricket club and Yashwanthrao Chavan’s cricket club in Karad. EMG electrodes were applied over the latissimus dorsi muscle and the bowlers were asked to perform the action of bowling. The root mean square (RMS) and mean peak amplitude of the dominant and non-dominant arm were recorded. RESULTS The RMS (12.45 ± 2.84) values and mean peak amplitude (131.77 ± 44.11) of the dominant latissimus dorsi varied significantly from non-dominant muscle (P = 0.0015). Wilcoxon test was utilized for analysis of within group parameters. CONCLUSIONS The result of the present study showed strong evidence to support high recruitment of dominant latissimus dorsi in professional bowlers suggests the changes occurred in the physiological as well as biomechanical muscular structure. KEY WORDS EMG, Dominant, Non-Dominant, Latissimus Dorsi, Fast Bowlers

BACKGROUND The balance plays an indispensable role in many sports. Static balance is crucial for a postural control and has an exceptional effect on the performance of sports players and for injury prevention. Sports like cricket, football, track and field, and badminton requires static balance for the execution of a sports-specific skill. Single leg stance test was used to assess balance on a surface during a 30 sec single-leg standing posture with eyes open and eyes closed. The main goal of this study was to determine that, in which sport the static balance was more and in which sport the static balance was inferior. The objectives were to assess the static balance in cricket, badminton, track and field, football athletes and compare the static balance in all 4 sports [cricket, badminton, track and field, football] METHODS A total of one hundred and twenty - four athletes [124], cricket {N = 31}, football {N = 31}, badminton {N = 31}, track and field {N = 31} voluntarily participated in the study. Static balance was assessed by using single leg stance test with eyes open and eyes closed. RESULTS By comparing all sports, it showed that there was a statistically significant difference between cricket, football, badminton and track and field athletes in dominant and non - dominant leg with eyes open and eyes closed. With eyes open, a static balance was demonstrated superior in track and field followed by football, cricket and least in badminton players in the dominant leg and non-dominant leg. (P < 0.0001) Whereas, with eyes closed, comparing between sports individually, there showed no such significant difference between dominant and non-dominant leg. Static balance was superior in track and field followed by football, by cricket and least in badminton in dominant and non-dominant leg (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Track and field players did not differ in dominant and non-dominant legs. In contrast, badminton players displayed mediocre static balance with eyes open and football players displayed mediocre static balance with eyes closed. There was no significant difference between open and closed eyes. But the balance score showed superior balance in open eyes when compared with closed eyes. KEY WORDS Athletes, Static Balance, Single Leg Stance Test, Balance, and Sports Performance.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital heart lesion in adults and is often asymptomatic until adulthood. Diagnosis is important, as timely ASD repair improves outcomes.

Background: Dental anxiety is an important component of distress to patients in the dental operatory. If the dentist is aware of the level of anxiety of his patient, he is not only forewarned about the patient’s behavior but can also take measures to help reduce the anxiety during the operative procedure. Patients who are highly anxious about dental treatment may react differently than do those who are less anxious. We have many anxiety scales to detect in dental operatory but none of them have objectivity about reveling anxiety. Patients’ perceptions may change from time to time and so does their response. So we need an objective type of scale that will help to diagnose anxiety. Methodology: participants were divided into two groups 20 in each group. The children of both groups were given ACDAS scale to solve. (by patient and parent as this scale has an opinion of parents too) For detecting anxiety through graphology, Navrang Anxiety Scale (NAS), require unruled paper, writing matter, and pen was given to participants to write the essay and obtain the handwriting sample from the patient. Result: The significant association was seen between the graphological scale and the ACDAS scale.

BACKGROUND Pregnancy creates a radical change in a woman’s life. The physical, hormonal, and psychosocial changes during pregnancy affect the quality of life in post pregnancy phase. Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is one of the most common problems seen in post-partum period. DRA is a separation between two bellies of the rectus abdominis muscle connected by the linea alba. A significant DRA, if left untreated at the right time can lead to delirious complications. Prior researches have shown that diastasis recti abdominis is a very common condition seen in the post-partum period. Previous studies have shown that DRA can be reduced with help of an abdominal binder but have very less recorded data. Fewer studies have been conducted showing the combined effect of use of abdominal binder with core strengthening exercises in reduction of DRA. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of a conventional abdominal binder on diastasis recti abdominis in post-partum women and determine the effect of a conventional abdominal binder on diastasis recti abdominis in post-partum women. METHODS This experimental study included 9 post-partum women with significant DRA. Their age ranged from 25 - 30 years, body mass index (BMI) less than 40 kg/m2. The outcome measures included DRA, lumbar lordosis measurement, low back pain and disability in post-partum period. The subjects were instructed to use an abdominal binder and were taught core strengthening exercises up to 3 months post-partum. RESULTS The obtained results show that there is statistically significant reduction in DRA after use of conventional abdominal binder and exercises. The before treatment values for mean and standard deviation at, above and below umbilicus were 59.39 ± 14.24, 51.87 ± 12.37, 38.15 ± 12.13 respectively which reduced to 41.19 ± 12.21, 37.76 ± 12.98, 30.76 ± 8.94 respectively after using conventional binder with exercises for 3 months. The P value at all three levels of measurements namely - at, above and below umbilicus was < 0.0001 which is statistically considered to be extremely significant. The study duration was of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS The findings conclude that the mean value of DRA decreases with the help of abdominal binder and core strengthening exercise regime. Hence, the abdominal binder and core strengthening exercises were effective in reducing the DRA. KEY WORDS Abdominal Binder, Diastasis Recti Abdominis, Rectus Abdominis, Core Strengthening, Post-Partum

Background Intra-procedural characterization of stroke thromboemboli might guide mechanical thrombectomy (MT) device choice to improve recanalization rates. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to characterize various biological tissues in real time but has not been used in thrombus. Objective To perform a feasibility study of EIS analysis of thrombi retrieved by MT to evaluate: (1) the ability of EIS and machine learning to predict red blood cell (RBC) percentage content of thrombi and (2) to classify the thrombi as “RBC-rich” or “RBC-poor” based on a range of cutoff values of RBC. Methods ClotbasePilot was a multicentric, international, prospective feasibility study. Retrieved thrombi underwent histological analysis to identify proportions of RBC and other components. EIS results were analyzed with machine learning. Linear regression was used to evaluate the correlation between the histology and EIS. Sensitivity and specificity of the model to classify the thrombus as RBC-rich or RBC-poor were also evaluated. Results Among 514 MT,179 thrombi were included for EIS and histological analysis. The mean composition in RBC of the thrombi was 36% ± 24. Good correlation between the impedance-based prediction and histology was achieved (slope of 0.9, R2 = 0.53, Pearson coefficient = 0.72). Depending on the chosen cutoff, ranging from 20 to 60% of RBC, the calculated sensitivity for classification of thrombi ranged from 77 to 85% and the specificity from 72 to 88%. Conclusion Combination of EIS and machine learning can reliably predict the RBC composition of retrieved ex vivo AIS thrombi and then classify them into groups according to their RBC composition with good sensitivity and specificity.

Photobioreactors (PBRs) demonstrating very high bio-productivity involve a complex interaction between biomass density, light path, light intensity, and timescales of random cell movement. This work presents a new reactor model capable of simulating the effects of the above-mentioned parameters on the biomass productivity of a PBR. The work presented in this paper includes (i) development of photosynthesis model based on occupancy of charge carriers associated with the linear electron transport chain of photosystem-II, (ii) tuning and validation of the kinetics model using flashing light data reported in the literature, and (iii) reactor model development by integrating kinetics with a simple flow depiction including the effect of boundary layer thickness. For the first time, the role of the boundary layer in determining the productivity of PBRs is elucidated.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of the joints characterised by focal loss of articular cartilage along with sclerosis of subchondral bone and formation of osteophytes. The purpose of this study was to determine the various management approaches adopted by the people suffering from knee osteoarthritis. As this condition affects a large population the methods use to deal with the symptoms differ which are described in this study highlighting the preference of a physiotherapist by the patients. The study was carried out in Krishna Hospital, Karad with the sample size of 60 using purposive sampling method, a cross sectional study was performed using a descriptive study design. Individuals with Osteoarthritis of knee are included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collected was analysed qualitatively which resulted in 65% participants who approached General practitioner (GP) as initial approach, with only 6% approaching a physiotherapist. 81% used heat therapy as a measure to manage their symptoms while only 30% used exercises as a modality. The primary finding was that there is no clear pathway for management of Osteoarthritis of knee in Karad. Majority opted for General-Practitioner as their initial approach. Physiotherapists were preferred only by a few, not many were seen utilising exercise modality. Since there is a vast difference in treatments by variety of individuals, this study will thus help in determining the various approaches for knee osteoarthritis and establishing a definitive and effective protocol for the management of the patients symptoms.

Lightning leads to trauma and disability such as burns, hearing loss, blindness, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, stroke, kidney injury, and can also lead to death. Such cases are seldom reported, and hence their database is scanty. We present a case of a 40-year-old female with lightning injury with four such manifestations, which is not commonly encountered. We have elaborated on these complications of lightning injury and their timely management, which has led us to good patient outcome.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of infrazygomatic (IZ) implants along with mini-implants for full-arch distalization of maxilla and reduction of gummy smile in patients with class II division I malocclusion.Ten orthodontic patients were taken from the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Each patient required distalization and intrusion of the complete maxillary arch as a part of the treatment plan. Patients were of class II malocclusion with gummy smile. Initial leveling and alignment were done by using 0.22″ slot Mclaughlin Bennett Trevisi (MBT) prescription. Fav Anchor infrazygomatic crest (IZC) implants of 2 mm of head diameter and 14 mm length were inserted between first and second molar and 2 mm above the mucogingival junction in the alveolar mucosa and in the anterior region, two titanium mini-implants of 1.4 mm head diameter and 6 mm length. The screws were loaded immediately with e-chain with a minimal force from mini-implants in the anterior region to crimpable hook placed between lateral and canine and continuing the same till the IZ implants. To measure the amount of distalization and reduction of gummy smile, pre- and postlateral cephalograms were taken and assessed. Pre- and postdistalization and intrusion readings of all patients were obtained and calculated statistically for quantifying the amount of distalization of maxillary arch and intrusion for reduction of gummy smile.The distalization of the maxillary arch achieved was 4.6 mm which is clinically and statistically significant. The anterior teeth in the study were intruded with a minimum of 3.8 mm which is clinically and statistically significant; the gingival smile line was reduced with a mean of 3.4 mm which is clinically and statistically significant. Overbite correction of 4 mm was done with the mean difference of 4 mm which is also statistically significant.The IZ bone screws can be effectively used as an absolute anchorage to correct class II skeletal discrepancy with gummy smile devoid of premolar extraction with noninvasive procedure.The use of IZC implants along with anterior implants, a biomechanical approach is effective in achieving full-arch distalization of maxilla and intrusion as the force vectors allow that the line of action passes through the center of resistance (Cr) of the entire maxillary arch, facilitates the distalization and intrusion of the maxillary arch, establishes ideal occlusion, and improves the smile esthetics.

Extremophilic microorganisms have the ability to survive under seemingly extreme environments such as extreme pH, temperature, pressure, oxygen levels, desiccation, salinity, radiation, and redox potential. Under such harsh conditions, other normal microbes would be destroyed. However, extremophiles are classified based on the environment in which they can survive. These extremophilic microorganisms have the ability to produce a variety of extremozymes and extremolytes under different harsh conditions. Thus, they are considered as potential candidates for their several biotechnological and commercial applications. This chapter provides an overview of the ecology of extremophiles and their biotechnological applications, including the production of extremophiles, extremozymes, and extremolytes as valuable resources for the future development of a bio-based economy.

Introduction: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and is fueled by a twin-epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus in India. The objective of the study was to estimate various noninvasive NAFLD scores (NINS) for the baseline risk-assessment of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, open label, study of investigator-rated NINS was conducted ensuring adherence to relevant ethical standards. Results: In a 3-month period, 29 patients with T2DM were enrolled (age [mean ± SD]: 55.8 ± 9.72 years; men [n, %]: 18, 62%). One patient (3.45%) by fibrosis-4 index (cutoff for advanced fibrosis ≥2.67) and by AST to platelet ratio index (cutoff ≥0.98); 2 (6.90%) by NAFLD fibrosis score (cutoff ≥0.676); 20 (69%) by body mass index (BMI), AST to ALT ratio, and DM score (BARD; cuff-off ≥2); and 27 (93.10%) by BMI, age, ALT, triglyceride score (cutoff ≥1) indicated high risk for advanced hepatic fibrosis. Only the BARD score (median [min-max]: 3 [1–4]) was elevated above the cutoff values while other scores were below cutoff values. The study failed to demonstrate any correlation between age, gender, anthropometric and metabolic parameters, and NINS. Conclusion: While this study did not demonstrate significant elevation of NINS, scores were found be elevated in some T2DM patients and they may be at high risk of advanced liver fibrosis. Further well-designed studies in this domain are required for early detection, management, and reducing the burden of liver disease in Indian patients with diabetes.

Introduction: Teaching in various medical college, worldwide has gone under lot of changes by the use different methodologies like the use of chalk piece to power point presentations (PPT) and virtual simulations. Clinical Medical Physiology is a 1st year subject in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) course and often students find the subject difficult and too much. Trials by the use of single or multiple tools for teaching clinical medical physiology, in addition to conventional teaching, have been found to be useful. Physiology, implies student’s active participation in the teaching process for better acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills. Hence, judicious & optimum utilization of these teaching hours is of real importance for attaining the specified objectives. Aim: To know the preferences and the expectations of the existing methods of lectures in Physiology by the first professional MBBS students. Materials and Methods: A pre prepared and validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the first MBBS students. Results: Out of 150, study participants, 60 were male students and 90 were female students. Discussion and Conclustion: The most preferred teaching method by the students was interactive followed by didactic lectures. Feedback from the students enhances a change in pre-conceived notions about teaching learning principles to meet their expectations. Keywords: MBBS students, Teaching- learning methods, Clinical medical physiology.