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Introduction Particularly in the metropolitan areas of low socioeconomic status where inequalities in mothers' mental health are most prominent, Postpartum Depression (PPD) poses a severe threat to public health. Purpose This retrospective study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its risk variables among urban, low-income mothers. Methods We looked back at the medical histories of 200 women at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital (PMCH), Bihar, India, who had recently given birth in poor cities. PPD and risk factor information were gathered when eligibility criteria were established. Estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors were among the statistical analyses performed. Results A high prevalence of PPD (32.5%) was found in the study, highlighting the significant burden of PPD in this community. A lack of social support (51.2%), exposure to high environmental stressors (55.6%), a history of mental health disorders (48.9%), and being younger (38.2% in the 18-25 years age bracket) were the significant risk factors of PPD in the study population. These results are important because they shed light on the unique difficulties experienced by postpartum patients living in urban areas with low incomes. Conclusion This research emphasises the critical importance of implementing specific programmes to reduce PPD in low-income metropolitan areas. Early screening, intervention, and support programmes should be adopted to address the risk factors identified. To promote a more accepting atmosphere for mothers' mental health, healthcare policies should emphasise mental health treatments and reduce stigma.

Introduction: The vertical dimension of a face is crucial in determining facial aesthetics and harmony. It is important for the orthodontist to understand the relationship between dental arch width and facial morphology for correct diagnosis and proper treatment plan. Aim: To determine the relationship between the vertical face pattern, dental arch width and also, to compare arch widths among both untreated female and male adults. Materials and Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The duration of the study was 1 month, from June 2019 to July 2019. Dental casts and lateral cephalograms were collected from 50 untreated adults (25 males and 25 females), aged between 18 to 30 years, who had minimal spacing, crowding and no crossbite. On every patient’s cephalogram, the angle between the plane of the mandible to the cranial base anterior Sella Nasion (SN) angle was calculated. Intercanine, intermolar, and interpremolar widths were measured on dental casts. Females and males arch width were compared. The significance of the differences was assessed using Student’s t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and regression analysis. Results: The mean age of male study participants in the study was 24.44±5.04 years, whereas, mean age of females was 24.88±3.08 years. There were 25 males and 25 females of 18-30 years with mean age of 24 and 25 years, respectively. Arch widths of males were found to be significantly greater than, those of females (p

Non-cellular secretory components, including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in the tumor microenvironment, are often dysregulated, impacting tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) microenvironment, where the prognostic significance of the current treatment remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of post-translational modifications (PTM) and their respective enzymes, such as acetylation and ubiquitination in GBM etiology through modulating signaling events. However, the relationship between non-cellular secretory components and post-translational modifications will create a research void in GBM therapeutics. Therefore, we aim to bridge the gap between non-cellular secretory components and PTM modifications through machine learning and computational biology approaches. Herein, we highlighted the importance of BMP1, CTSB, LOX, LOXL1, PLOD1, MMP9, SERPINE1, and SERPING1 in GBM etiology. Further, we demonstrated the positive relationship between the E2 conjugating enzymes (Ube2E1, Ube2H, Ube2J2, Ube2C, Ube2J2, and Ube2S), E3 ligases (VHL and GNB2L1) and substrate (HIF1A). Additionally, we reported the novel HAT1-induced acetylation sites of Ube2S (K211) and Ube2H (K8, K52). Structural and functional characterization of Ube2S (8) and Ube2H (1) have identified their association with protein kinases. Lastly, our results found a putative therapeutic axis HAT1-Ube2S(K211)-GNB2L1-HIF1A and potential predictive biomarkers (CTSB, HAT1, Ube2H, VHL, and GNB2L1) that play a critical role in GBM pathogenesis.

Introduction: Extraction space closure is the foremost challenging procedure in the field of orthodontics which needs a robust understanding of biomechanics. There are two commonly used methods of space closure, one which involves friction, also called sliding mechanics, and the other is frictionless. The advantages of frictionless mechanics are there is no force loss due to friction and low anchorage taxing. The preferred method for the retraction of teeth is loop mechanics and which ensures controlled tooth movement. Aim: To evaluate and compare the Moment-to-Force (M/F) ratio of PRP loop with that of Opus loop and L loop by Finite Element Method (FEM). Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted by using FEM analysis in DMIHER University with technical assistance from the Department of Mechanical Engineering VNIT Nagpur. Computer models of Loops design were prepared on Analysis of Systems (ANSYS) version 10 (V10) software. Opus loop, L loop and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) loop were modelled as SOLID 64 beam elements. Different pre-activation bends were given to the models in α and β nodes of the loop. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 software to compare the mean of all three loops. Results: Total 36 FEM models were studied. PRP loop showed greater M/F ratio than Opus and L loop with 15ºα and 25ºβ pre-activation bends in both 0.017×0.025 and 0.019×0.025-inch Titanium Molybdenum Alloy (TMA) wire i.e., 9.09 and 9.12, respectively. On comparison of M/F ratio of PRP loop, Opus loop and L loop prepared with 0.017×0.025 and 0.019×0.025 TMA wire, at 15ºα and 25ºβ pre-activation bend in 0.019×0.025 TMA, PRP loop showed highest M/F ratio of 9.12 as compared to 0.017×0.025 TMA wire. Conclusion: The study concluded that PRP loop is an efficient retraction loop with ideal moment force ratio for translatory movement of tooth. PRP loops had highest M/F ratio than Opus loop and L loop, indicating that PRP can be used for translatory movement of tooth in wires of different materials. Therefore, for proper utilisation of PRP loop, it must be prepared with either 0.017×0.025 inch TMA or 0.019×0.025 inch TMA wire.

The emergence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources, such as coal gasification and liquefaction plants, coke and aluminum production, catalytic cracking towers, and motor vehicle exhaust, among others, results in significant soil pollution, and a threat to human health, igniting a surge of interest in advanced research. Even though the cleanup of PAHs-contaminated areas received a great consideration. In the last decade, nanotechnology has exploded in popularity as a result of several unique properties of nanomaterials, and remediation is no exception. Thus, nano-enhanced bioremediation reported to act as a viable and effective strategy for PAHs remediation. Further, the integration of nano-enabled materials with microorganisms emerged as a promising biodegradation approach for PAHs remediation. As a result, the focus of this mini review is on depicting the possible roles of various nanomaterials in decontaminating PAHs as a green strategy by boosting the efficacy of microbial functionality, and mechanism of nanoparticles-microbes interaction in PAHs degradation. The future perspective of nano-enhanced microbial remediation of PAHs in realistic environments are also discussed.

Introduction: Vaccine wastage is an expected component of any immunisation program. Wastage is defined as “loss by use, decay, erosion or leakage or through wastefulness”. Vaccine wastage in unopened vial is mostly attributed by cold chain and stock management problem. Vaccine wastage in opened vial is mostly due to discarding of remaining dose at the end of the session, not being able to draw the number of doses in a vial, submergence of opened vials in water and poor vaccine administration practices. Aim: To assess the vaccine wastage in an immunisation clinic of a tertiary care centre in western Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: A record based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Immunisation Clinic, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha, India. The information regarding children and pregnant women vaccinated were retrieved from immunisation register for the study period 1st October 2019 to 30th September 2020. Vaccine wastage rate at the immunisation clinic was calculated by taking into account the number of doses of vaccines wasted divided by the total number of the doses of vaccines issued multiplied by 100. Results: Vaccine wastage rate and wastage factor was found to be highest in case of Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine (wastage rate 65% and wastage factor 2.85) and lowest in Hepatitis B vaccine (wastage rate 1.67% and wastage factor 1.01). Wastage rate for 10 dose vial was 28.37% followed by 19.72% for 25 dose vial and 10.11% for 20 dose vial. Wastage rate and wastage factor was found to be higher in lyophilised vaccines when compared to liquid vaccines and the difference was statistically significant. Wastage rate and wastage factor was found to be higher for oral vaccines when compared to injectable vaccines and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: It was seen that in case of MR vaccine (supplied as 10 dose/vial), vaccine wastage was more as it didn’t follow open vial policy and less number of beneficiary came for MR vaccine per immunisation session. The vaccine wastage can be reduced in lyophilised vaccines if they are supplied in less doses per vial.

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is a psychological concept which is considered as a judgment of individuals regarding any object or event after gathering some experiences over time. It is one of the established yardsticks to measure the success of the services. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of inpatient satisfaction on hospital services. 2. To find out the determinants of inpatient satisfaction on hospital services. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of four months at VIMSAR, a tertiary care hospital in Odisha in eastern India. A total of 164 patients were enrolled in the study from the five most occupied indoor departments who were administered a pre-tested semi-structured standardised questionnaire by face to face interview method. Results: Majority (77.44%) of respondents were in the age group of 21-60 years. The sample consisted of 65.24 % males and 43.9% were from lower socio-economic class. Patient satisfaction level was found to be relatively low (~80%) for the service domains like housekeeping, general services and ancillary services. Fields like front desk services, medical care, nursing care and laboratory services enjoyed a better satisfaction score (~90%). Binary logistic regression analysis reflected age and socio-economic class to be the negative determinants of the level of satisfaction. Conclusion: About two thirds of the inpatients were satisfied with the services availed at the tertiary care hospital in the five specialities. There is scope of improvement in the areas like housekeeping, ancillary care and general care. Socio-demographic characteristics like age and socioeconomic class inversely related to inpatient satisfaction on hospital services.

Background: Elevated blood pressure and tobacco consumption have been the top two causes of preventable mortality worldwide. Females in the reproductive age carry a higher health impact for self and the offspring when exposed to one or both these risks. An in-depth assessment of the sociocultural determinants of hypertension and tobacco usage in an aspirational Indian state like Odisha is carried out through secondary analysis of the National Family Health Survey-IV (NFHS-4) dataset. Methods: Data of 30,587 women aged between 15 and 49 years were extrapolated for analysis through frequency, percentage and logistic regression model to determine the predictors of tobacco use and hypertension and to correlate the two in the study population. Results: In Odisha, 12.8% adult women were addicted to tobacco, mostly smokeless form (93.3%). High blood pressure was recorded in 7.3% of the respondent females. Increasing age, urban residence, extremes of wealth index, ever married status, obesity, diabetes, and tobacco usage (more for smokeless) were the predictors of hypertension. Education, caste and occupation had no significant associations. Conclusion: Targeted interventions involving gender, marital status, obesity, residence and other socio-economic profiles may be adopted for risk reduction of non-communicable diseases like hypertension in the reproductive age females.

Colorectal cancer is the third major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The upward trend in incidence and mortality rates, poor sensitivity to conventional therapies and a dearth of early diagnostic parameters pose a huge challenge in the management of colorectal cancer in India. Due to the high level of genetic diversity present in the Indian population, unraveling the genetic contributions toward pathogenesis is key for understanding the etiology of colorectal cancer and in reversing this trend. We have established a novel cell line, MBC02, from an Indian colorectal cancer patient and have carried out extensive molecular characterization to unravel the pathological alterations in this cell line. In-depth molecular analysis of MBC02 revealed suppression of E-cadherin expression, concomitant with overexpression of EMT related molecules, which manifested in the form of highly migratory and invasive cells. Loss of membrane-tethered E-cadherin released β-catenin from the adherens junction resulting in its cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation and consequently, upregulation of c-Myc. MBC02 also showed dramatic transcriptional upregulation of β-catenin. Remarkably, we observed significantly elevated proteasome activity that perhaps co-evolved to compensate for the unnaturally high mRNA level of β-catenin to regulate the increased protein load. In addition, there was substantial misregulation of other clinically relevant signaling pathways that have clinical relevance in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Our findings pave the way toward understanding the molecular differences that could define pathogenesis in cancers originating in the Indian population.

In this article, silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2 NPs) were synthesized in an ecologically and economically favorable way using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extracts along with the study of its photocatalytic activity on methylene blue (MB) dye and antioxidant efficacy against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·). A wide range of analytical techniques including UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis were performed to ascertain the synthesis of Ag/TiO2 NPs. The synthesized Ag/TiO2 NPs enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of MB (81.6%, k=0.002495 min-1) under direct solar light irradiation. The results showed that discarded agricultural waste as rambutan peel can be utilized as natural bioreductant in future materials science applications.

Objective: To synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reduction of silver ions into nano silver, using ripened berry extract of Lantana camara and evaluate its antioxidant activity against 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl. Methods: The prepared AgNPs were characterized by visual, UV-visible spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction. Results: Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed the AgNPs are spherical and 75.2 nm average sized. Selected area electron diffraction analysis supports that the obtained nanoparticles were in crystalline form. In addition, the antioxidant efficacy of prepared AgNPs was found to be higher than berry extract against 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl. Conclusions: From the results obtained it is suggested that surface modified AgNPs at lower concentration, showed higher antioxidant activity than berry extract against 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl and could be used effectively in future ethno pharmacological concerns.

ABSTRACT: Background: Ovarian tumors are the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide, affecting women of all ages. According to Globocan's 2022 projections, by 2050, the number of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer worldwide will increase by over 55% to 503,448. The number of women dying from ovarian cancer is projected to increase to 350,956 each year, an increase of almost 70% from 2022. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the various histopathological spectra of ovarian tumors according to the latest 2020 WHO classification and to assess the age distribution, frequency of incidence, and laterality of different subtypes of ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 190 cases of histopathologically proven ovarian tumors reported by the pathology department from March 2020 to March 2024 at the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Results: A total of 190 cases were studied, 154 (81.1%) were benign, 8 (4.2%) were borderline, and 28 (14.7%) cases were malignant. Surface epithelial tumors (SETs) were the most common (n = 139, 73.2%), followed by germ cell tumors (GCTs) (n = 38, 20%). Serous cystadenomas (n = 63, 33%) were the most common benign tumors, whereas the most common malignant tumors were serous carcinomas (n=11, 5.7%). Most ovarian tumors (n = 45, 23.68%) occurred in the 31–40-year-old age group. Conclusion: The present study showed various histopathological patterns of ovarian tumors. This study indicated a slight increase in the prevalence of malignant ovarian tumors in the middle-aged group and and a relative increase in the percentage of SETs over GCTs in recent years in our tertiary care center in Jharkhand, India. With limited resources in our institute, histopathological examination remains the mainstay for the early diagnosis of these tumors and their timlely and appropriate management. Categories: Pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]