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Reduced registers – search queries, print and TV ads, and navy messages – are characterized by an unusually high number of novel compounds. Results of a production study reported here reveal combinatorial patterns not attested in the standard language and allow us to establish the range of possibilities. We argue that productivity and creative use of compounds in reduced registers is not coincidental but follows directly from the grammar that generates expressions in these registers. We adopt an analysis couched in the Parallel Architecture framework (Jackendoff, 1997; Jackendoff & Audring, 2016) and demonstrate how productivity and idiosyncrasy of compounds in reduced registers can be explained.

Previous work has suggested that abstraction should not be treated as a unitary construct, but it should be split in at least two components. Concreteness is based on the proportion of sensory information in a concept, while precision is based on the aggregation of information corresponding to the concept position in a semantic taxonomy. This line of work showed that while both of these components have been used as operationalizations of abstraction, they can have opposite effects on cognitive performance. In this paper we extend those findings by showing that precision and concreteness are also differently related to affective content. Our current findings are relevant to some inconsistencies and puzzles in the existing research on the link between abstraction and affective content, and further emphasize the multi-component structure of abstraction.

In the absence of any restrictions on utterance length, fully formed sentences are usually the norm. But when space is limited, as in telegrams, headlines, and social media platforms like Twitter, an elliptic language variety – reduced register – is born. The fundamental question is what linguistic and cognitive principles are responsible for packaging information into a tight space. Using search queries as a case study, we demonstrate that the process of reduction involves restructuring of linguistic material and that the main grammatical mechanism responsible for restructuring is compounding – concatenation of adjacent words into a novel linguistic unit. The results of three studies demonstrate productivity of compounding in search queries and shed light on the nature of grammar that generates them. Rather than assuming a deletion mechanism or a domain-general information theoretical principle, we argue that queries are generated by a qualitatively different mechanism – linear grammar (Jackendoff & Wittenberg, 2017).

Linguistic complexity – manifested in terms of hierarchical recursive structures generated by grammar – is often discussed from the perspective of cross-linguistic comparison (cf. Everett, 2005; Nevins, Pesetsky, & Rodrigues, 2009 on Pirahã). In this paper, we focus instead on the variation in complexity within a single language, English, and on the lower bound of complexity, specifically (cf. Futrell et al., 2016). We report results of two studies, a corpus study (Study 1) and a production experiment (Study 2), that investigate syntactic complexity of expressions that arise in the context of human-computer interaction and compare them to the standard language. The results of both studies show that the expressions generated in the context of human-computer interaction exhibit lesser structural complexity and often violate the norm of the language (cf. margaret mead culture famous research). Our results suggest that such expressions are generated by a qualitatively different type of formal grammar, Linear Grammar (Jackendoff & Wittenberg, 2017), rather than by recursive grammar (Roeper, 1999).

How can a range of syntactic variation within a language be explained, particularly when linguistic expressions producedby native speakers in one context clearly violate syntactic norms? To answer this question, we investigate the properties ofinformation requests that arise in the context of human-computer interaction, such as ’most home runs player 1975 age’.The results of a production study that compares the structural complexity of information requests in human-computervs. human-human condition show that participants in the former condition tend to use simpler syntactic structures andfewer relative clauses, compared to that in the human-human condition, despite syntactic priming. Our results suggestthat speakers in the human-computer context utilize a qualitatively different type of formal grammar, linear grammar(Jackendoff & Wittenberg, 2017) as opposed to hierarchical grammar. The study contributes to the theoretical discussionon what constitutes a lower bound on complexity in language (cf. Futrell et al., 2016).

Previous research on adjective ordering in linguistics andpsychology has focused primarily on the unmarked or defaultorder of adjectives, as in large blue car. Inverted word order,as in blue large car, which violates the proposed semanticconstraints on adjective placement, received relatively littleattention. In two studies we show that the inverted order is notas limited in scope as previous researchers have argued. Wepropose that the inverted word order reflects the subjectivedistance principle: the attribute that is psychologically closerto the speaker is mentioned first. Our explanation draws onresearch on word order in binomials, thus connecting twopreviously unrelated research traditions on word order inlinguistics and cognitive psychology.

Introduction Public health intelligence (PHI) and timely, systematic collection of information on emerging and re-emerging diseases have long been recognized as pivotal for WHO's rapid response to major threats to [...]

Diversion from the syntactic norm, as manifested in the absence of otherwise expected lexical and syntactic material, has been extensively studied in theoretical syntax. Such modifications are observed in headlines, telegrams, labels, and other specialized contexts, collectively referred to as “reduced” registers. Focusing on search queries, a type of reduced register, I propose that they are generated by a simpler grammar that lacks a full‐fledged syntactic component. The analysis is couched in the Parallel Architecture framework, whose assumption of relative independence of linguistic components—their parallelism—and the rejection of syntactocentrism are essential to explain properties of queries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates how speakers understand constructionswith deverbal nominals, i.e. nominals such as destruction thatare morphologically related to verbs. Specifically, given theexpression the enemy’s destruction, how do the speakersdecide whether the possessive argument is the entity thatinitiates the action (agent) or the entity that is causallyaffected by the event (patient)? The results of an experimentalstudy show that this choice is dependent on the lexicalsemantics of the nominal. The theoretical implication is thatdeverbal nominals are similar to verbs in that they haveargument structure. By studying comprehension of deverbalnominals the current study extends the scope of previousexperimental work on lexical semantics that has beenprimarily concerned with verbs

Three studies test the link between word order in binomials and psychological and demographic characteristics of a speaker. While linguists have already suggested that psychological, cultural and societal factors are important in choosing word order in binomials, the vast majority of relevant research was focused on general factors and on broadly shared cultural conventions. In contrast, in this work we are interested in what word order can tell us about the particular speaker. More specifically, we test the degree to which word order is affected by factors such as gender, race, geographic location, religion, political orientation, and consumer preferences. Using a variety of methodologies and different data sources, we find converging evidence that word order is linked to a broad set of features associated with the speaker. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings and the potential to use word order as a tool for analyzing large text corpora and data on the web.

The main goal of the project is to use cognitive technologies to create an author’s, metaphorical, temporal system model of images of modern jewelry using the linguo-combinatorial method in the implementation of retro styles - locally stable structures of the design landscape represented by the cultural code of the irrational eidos of poetry and prose of North American symbolism and romanticism of the mid-19th century..

The study of images of bladed-edged weapons, which allowed to design a paryura, was carried out. To create images of design objects –parures represented by visual-symbolic cognitive information dynamic systems (VKIDS) with locally stable structures (LUS) in the development of cognitive technologies of plastic arts and design, the methods of linguistic-combinatorial and tabular modelling were used. RESULTS: the study of morphology, colourists, eidos, and concept in the creation of images of design objects-jewellery associated with the main symbolized elements of state and social policy management, represented by images of sacred, astral cosmogony, and cosmology.

Currently, there is no holistic concept of the creative possibilities of humanity and its civilizations, which confirms the relevance of this study. To create images of design objects – edged weapons, represented by visual-symbolic cognitive information dynamic systems (VKIDS) with locally stable structures (LUS) in the development of cognitive technologies of plastic arts and design, the methods of linguistic-combinatorial and tabular modelling were used. RESULTS: the morphogenesis of images of objects of design, represented by a cluster of bladed weapons and logotypes decor and marks of identification, as a result of cognitive technologies in the creation of SKIDS that provides a universal language of communication in relationships ontological and semiotic realities, which increases the growing importance of the plastic arts and design, focused on images of artefacts vintage and modern bladed weapons through the concepts of archetypes symbols and signs: system, taxonomy and classification.

A convenient method to access the above perchlorates has been developed, based on the cyclocondensation of 3-aminofurazans with 1,3-diketones in the presence of HClO4. All compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure determinations. Initial safety testing (impact and friction sensitivity) and thermal stability measurements (DSC/DTA) were also carried out. Energetic performance was calculated by using the PILEM code based on calculated enthalpies of formation and experimental densities at r.t. These salts exhibit excellent burn rates and combustion behavior and are promising ingredients for energetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]