135 results on '"Smant G"'
Search Results
2. Glycine-Rich RNA-Binding Protein 7 interacts with and potentiates effector-induced immunity by Gpa2 and Rx1 based on an intact RNA Recognition Motif
- Author
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Sukarta, O.C.A., Zheng, Q., Slootweg, E.J., Mekken, M.J., Mendel, Melanie, Putker, V., Overmars, H.A., Pomp, H., Roosien, J., Boeren, J.A., Smant, G., and Goverse, A.
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fungi ,Life Science ,food and beverages ,Biochemie ,BIOS Plant Development Systems ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Biochemistry ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Abstract
The activity of intracellular plant Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat (NB-LRR) immune receptors is fine-tuned by interactions between the receptors and their partners. Identifying NB-LRR interacting proteins is, therefore, crucial to advance our understanding of how these receptors function.A Co-Immunoprecipitation/Mass-Spectrometry screening was performed in Nicotiana benthamiana to identify host proteins associated with the Gpa2 CC-NB-LRR, which confers resistance against the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. A combination of biochemical, cellular, and functional assays was used to assess the role of a candidate interactor in defence.A N. benthamiana homolog of the Glycine-Rich RNA-Binding Protein 7 (NbGRP7) protein was prioritized as a novel Gpa2-interacting protein for further investigations. NbGRP7 also associates in planta with the homologous Rx1 receptor, which confers immunity to Potato Virus X. We show that NbGRP7 positively regulates extreme resistance by Rx1 and cell death by Gpa2. Mutating the NbGRP7 RNA recognition motif compromises its role in Rx1-mediated defence. Strikingly, ectopic NbGRP7 expression impacts the steady-state levels of Rx1, which relies on an intact RNA recognition motif.Combined, our findings illustrate that NbGRP7 is a novel pro-immune component in effector-triggered immunity by regulating Gpa2/Rx1 functioning at a post-transcriptional level.
- Published
- 2021
3. Two evolutionary distinct effectors from a nematode and virus target RanGAP1 and 2 via the WPP domain to promote disease
- Author
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Sukarta, O.C.A., Diaz Granados Muñoz, A., Slootweg, E.J., Overmars, H.A., van Schaik, C.C., Pokhare, Somnath S., Roosien, J., Pomp, H., Elashry, Abdenaser, Grundler, Florian M.W., Smant, G., and Goverse, A.
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fungi ,Life Science ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Abstract
The Gpa2 and Rx1 intracellular immune receptors are canonical CC-NB-LRR proteins belonging to the same R gene cluster in potato. Despite sharing high sequence homology, they have evolved to provide defence against unrelated pathogens. Gpa2 detects Gp-RBP-1 effectors secreted by the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida whereas Rx1 recognizes the viral coat protein (CP) of Potato Virus X (PVX). How Gpa2 and Rx1 perceive their matching effectors remains unknown. Using a combination of in planta Co-Immunoprecipitation and cellular imaging, we show that both Gp-RBP-1 and PVX-CP physically interact with RanGAP2 and RanGAP1 in the cytoplasm of plant cells. Interestingly, this was also demonstrated for the eliciting variants of Gp-RBP-1 and PVX-CP indicating a role for RanGAP1 and RanGAP2 in pathogenicity independent from Gpa2 and Rx1 recognition. Indeed, knocking down both RanGAP homologs reduce cyst nematode and PVX infection. These findings show that RanGAP1/2 act as common host targets of evolutionary distinct effectors from two plant pathogens with different lifestyles. The involvement of RanGAP1/2 to pathogen virulence is a novel role not yet reported for these key host cell components and as such, their possible role in cyst nematode parasitism and viral pathogenicity are discussed. Moreover, from these findings a model emerges for their possible role as co-factor in pathogen recognition by the potato immune receptors Gpa2/Rx1.
- Published
- 2021
4. Survival of plant-parasitic nematodes inside the host.
- Author
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Lozano, J., primary and Smant, G., additional
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Monitoring and tackling genetic selection in the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida
- Author
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Grenier, E., primary, Kiewnick, S., additional, Smant, G., additional, Fournet, S., additional, Montarry, J., additional, Holterman, M., additional, Helder, J., additional, and Goverse, A., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. SIZ1 is a nuclear host target of the nematode effector GpRbp1 from Globodera pallida that acts as a negative regulator of basal plant defense to cyst nematodes
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Diaz Granados Muñoz, A., Sterken, M.G., Persoon, J.P.L., Overmars, H.A., Pokhare, Somnath S., Mazur, M.J., Martin Ramirez, S., Holterman, M.H.M., Martin, Eliza C., Pomp, Rikus, Finkers-Tomczak, Anna, Roosien, Jan, Elashry, Abdenaser, Grundler, Florian M.W., Petrescu, Andrei-Jose, Smant, G., and Goverse, A.
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fungi ,food and beverages ,Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Biologie ,Biochemie ,Life Science ,Laboratory of Molecular Biology ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Biochemistry ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Abstract
Soil-borne cyst nematodes are obligatory sedentary parasites that cause severe losses to cultivation of major crops such as potato and soybean. Cyst nematodes establish specialised permanent feeding sites within the roots of their host by manipulating plant morphology and physiology through secreted effectors. Here we identified host targets of effector GpRbp-1 and studied their roles in plant-nematode interactions. GpRbp-1 was found to interact in yeast and in planta with the potato and Arabidopsis homologues of Siz/PIAS-type E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1. Our results show that a pathogen effector targets the master regulator SIZ1 in plant cells, which has not been demonstrated earlier to our knowledge. The interaction of GpRbp-1 and SIZ1 localizes to the plant nucleus, suggesting that the nuclear functions of SIZ1 as regulator of plant immunity and physiology may be modulated by GpRbp-1. Furthermore, nematode infection assays and transcriptomic profiling indicate that SIZ1 is required for susceptibility to cyst nematodes. So, these data indicate that E3 SUMO ligases may play an important role in plant-nematode interactions. Based on the prediction of SUMO acceptor and interaction sites in GpRbp-1, a model is proposed in which the effector may recruit SIZ1 to be SUMOylated for full functionality in host cells.
- Published
- 2019
7. Towards Plantibody-Mediated Resistance to Plant Parasitic Nematodes
- Author
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Gommers, F.J., primary, Smant, G., additional, Bakker, J., additional, and Schots, A., additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals insights into the basis of parasitism and virulence
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Eves-van den Akker, S, Laetsch, DR, Thorpe, P, Lilley, CJ, Danchin, EGJ, Da Rocha, M, Rancurel, C, Holroyd, NE, Cotton, JA, Szitenberg, A, Grenier, E, Montarry, J, Mimee, B, Duceppe, MO, Boyes, I, Marvin, JMC, Jones, LM, Yusup, HB, Lafond-Lapalme, J, Esquibet, M, Sabeh, M, Rott, M, Overmars, H, Finkers-Tomczak, A, Smant, G, Koutsovoulos, G, Blok, V, Mantelin, S, Cock, PJA, Phillips, W, Henrissat, B, Urwin, PE, Blaxter, M, Jones, JT, Eves-Van Den Akker, Sebastian [0000-0002-8833-9679], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BB/F000642/1, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, grant 098051, Wellcome Trust, FA 1208, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, CRTI09_462RD, Canadian Safety and Security Program, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, and University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
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Gene Transfer, Horizontal ,Genomic Islands ,QH301 Biology ,RNA Splicing ,globodera rostochiensis ,transfert horizontal de gène ,QH301 ,pomme de terre ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Animals ,Position-Specific Scoring Matrices ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,Tylenchoidea ,Nucleotide Motifs ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,R2C ,Plant Diseases ,Solanum tuberosum ,Life Cycle Stages ,Virulence ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Research ,~DC~ ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Genomics ,Horizontal gene transfer ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,Effectors ,[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,séquence du génome ,Enhancer Elements, Genetic ,effector ,Genome sequence ,potato ,RNA Splice Sites ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,BDC ,Transcriptome ,Genome, Protozoan ,Plant-parasitic nematode - Abstract
SE-vdA is supported by BBSRC grant BB/M014207/1. Sequencing was funded by BBSRC grant BB/F000642/1 to the University of Leeds and grant BB/F00334X/1 to the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute). DRL was supported by a fellowship from The James Hutton Institute and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh. GK was supported by a BBSRC PhD studentship. The James Hutton Institute receives funding from the Scottish Government. JAC and NEH are supported by the Wellcome Trust through its core funding of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (grant 098051). This work was also supported by funding from the Canadian Safety and Security Program, project number CRTI09_462RD. Background. The yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a devastating plant pathogen of global economic importance. This biotrophic parasite secretes effectors from pharyngeal glands, some of which were acquired by horizontal gene transfer, to manipulate host processes and promote parasitism. G. rostochiensis is classified into pathotypes with different plant resistance-breaking phenotypes. Results. We generate a high quality genome assembly for G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1, identify putative effectors and horizontal gene transfer events, map gene expression through the life cycle focusing on key parasitic transitions and sequence the genomes of eight populations including four additional pathotypes to identify variation. Horizontal gene transfer contributes 3.5 % of the predicted genes, of which approximately 8.5 % are deployed as effectors. Over one-third of all effector genes are clustered in 21 putative ‘effector islands’ in the genome. We identify a dorsal gland promoter element motif (termed DOG Box) present upstream in representatives from 26 out of 28 dorsal gland effector families, and predict a putative effector superset associated with this motif. We validate gland cell expression in two novel genes by in situ hybridisation and catalogue dorsal gland promoter element-containing effectors from available cyst nematode genomes. Comparison of effector diversity between pathotypes highlights correlation with plant resistance-breaking. Conclusions. These G. rostochiensis genome resources will facilitate major advances in understanding nematode plant-parasitism. Dorsal gland promoter element-containing effectors are at the front line of the evolutionary arms race between plant and parasite and the ability to predict gland cell expression a priori promises rapid advances in understanding their roles and mechanisms of action. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2016
9. Focus on molecular plant-nematode interactions
- Author
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Hogenhout, S., Mitchum, M., and Smant, G.
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EPS-2 ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Life Science ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Abstract
Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes engage in a long-lasting and intimate relationship with their host plant. This interaction starts in the soil when freshly hatched infective juveniles are attracted to specific parts of a host plant root system. Little is known of what determines the attractiveness of host plant roots, but a mix of biochemical and structural cues from specific host tissues in the roots likely triggers invasive behavior in nematodes. Similarly to nematodes, phloem-feeding aphids and other piercing-sucking (hemipteran) insects must establish close associations with their host plants in order to modulate plant cellular processes to promote feeding and reproduction. This focus issue on molecular interactions between plants and different representatives of the animal kingdom sheds light on recent developments and offers a platform for exciting new data in this field. We are grateful to all the authors for their diverse contributions and for making this focus issue possible
- Published
- 2013
10. Structural Determinants at the Interface of the ARC2 and LRR Domains Control the Activation of the NB-LRR Plant Immune Receptors Rx1 and Gpa2
- Author
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Slootweg, E.J., Spiridon, L.N., Roosien, J., Butterbach, P.B.E., Pomp, H., Westerhof, L.B., Wilbers, R.H.P., Bakker, E.H., Bakker, J., Petrescu, A.J., Smant, G., and Goverse, A.
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nbs-lrr protein ,EPS-2 ,fungi ,Laboratory of Virology ,protein-protein interactions ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Laboratorium voor Virologie ,pathogen interactions ,secondary structure prediction ,coiled-coil ,Laboratory of Nematology ,disease resistance genes ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,physical association ,multiple alignments ,programmed cell-death ,self-association - Abstract
Many plant and animal immune receptors have a modular NB-LRR architecture in which a nucleotide-binding switch domain (NB-ARC) is tethered to a leucine-rich repeat sensor domain (LRR). The cooperation between the switch and sensor domains, which regulates the activation of these proteins, is poorly understood. Here we report structural determinants governing the interaction between the NB-ARC and LRR in the highly homologous plant immune receptors Gpa2 and Rx1, which recognize the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and Potato Virus X, respectively. Systematic shuffling of polymorphic sites between Gpa2 and Rx1 showed that a minimal region in the ARC2 and the N-terminal repeats of the LRR domain coordinate the activation state of the protein. We identified two closely spaced amino acid residues in this region of the ARC2 (position 401 and 403) that distinguish between autoactivation and effector-triggered activation. Furthermore, a highly acidic loop region in the ARC2 domain and basic patches in the N-terminal end of the LRR domain were demonstrated to be required for the physical interaction between the ARC2 and LRR. The NB-ARC and LRR domains dissociate upon effector-dependent activation and the complementary charged regions are predicted to mediate a fast re-association enabling multiple rounds of activation. Finally, we present a mechanistic model showing how the ARC2, NB and N-terminal half of the LRR form a clamp, which regulates the dissociation and re-association of the switch and sensor domains in NB-LRR proteins.
- Published
- 2013
11. Nematode Effector Proteins: Targets and Functions in Plant Parasitism
- Author
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Rosso, M.N., Hussey, R.S., Davis, E.L., Smant, G., Baum, T.J., Abad, P., and Mitchum, M.G.
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Parasitism genes ,EPS-2 ,Plant cell fate ,Plant defense ,Plant targets ,Ligand mimicry ,Nematode esophageal glands ,Plant cell wall ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,Lateral gene transfer ,Avirulence - Published
- 2012
12. Genetical Genomics for Evolutionary Studies
- Author
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Prins, P., Smant, G., Jansen, R.C., and Bioinformatics
- Abstract
Genetical genomics combines acquired high-throughput genomic data with genetic analysis. In this chapter, we discuss the application of genetical genomics for evolutionary studies, where new high-throughput molecular technologies are combined with mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the genome in segregating populations. The recent explosion of high-throughput data—measuring thousands of proteins and metabolites, deep sequencing, chromatin, and methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation—allows the study of the genetic variation underlying quantitative phenotypes, together termed xQTL. At the same time, mining information is not getting easier. To deal with the sheer amount of information, powerful statistical tools are needed to analyze multidimensional relationships. In the context of evolutionary computational biology, a well-designed experiment may help dissect a complex evolutionary trait using proven statistical methods for associating phenotypical variation with genomic locations. Evolutionary expression QTL (eQTL) studies of the last years focus on gene expression adaptations, mapping the gene expression landscape, and, tentatively, eQTL networks. Here, we discuss the possibility of introducing an evolutionary prior, in the form of gene families displaying evidence of positive selection, and using that in the context of an eQTL experiment for elucidating host–pathogen protein–protein interactions. Through the example of an experimental design, we discuss the choice of xQTL platform, analysis methods, and scope of results. The resulting eQTL can be matched, resulting in putative interacting genes and their regulators. In addition, a prior may help distinguish QTL causality from reactivity, or independence of traits, by creating QTL networks.
- Published
- 2012
13. Afstandsonderwijs plantenziektekunde en plantenveredeling Ontwikkeling en eerste ervaringen
- Author
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Goud, J.C., Smant, G., Niks, R.E., van Loon, J.J.A., van Lent, J.W.M., Thiewes, H., and de Wit, P.J.G.M.
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onderwijsmethoden ,self instruction ,plant pathology ,teaching methods ,zelfstudie ,plant breeding ,plantenveredeling ,plantenziektekunde - Abstract
Aan Wageningen University zijn digitale lesmodules ontwikkeld op het gebied van plantenziektekunde en plantenveredeling. In 2005 is hiermee een begin gemaakt, met subsidies van de KNPV, samen met de stichting Willie Commelin Scholten voor de fytopathologie. Dit project laat zien dat relatief kleine initiatieven de aanjager kunnen zijn voor veel grotere projecten, die uiteindelijk ten goede komen aan de hele sector.
- Published
- 2011
14. Functional contraints and evolutionary dynamics of the Rx1/Gpa2 cluster in potato
- Author
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Butterbach, P.B.E., Slootweg, E.J., Koropacka, K.B., Prins, J.C.P., Roosien, J., Spiridon, L.N., Petrescu, A.J., Smant, G., Bakker, E.H., Bakker, J., and Goverse, A.
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Life Science ,Laboratory of Nematology ,PE&RC ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 2008
15. Het wonder van de wortelknobbelaaltjes: de unieke moleculaire interacties tussen een obligate parasiet en haar waardplanten
- Author
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Roze, E.H.A., Jupovicz, J., Goverse, A., Helder, J., Bakker, J., and Smant, G.
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gastheren (dieren, mensen, planten) ,EPS-2 ,ontwikkelingsstadia ,meloidogyne ,developmental stages ,life cycle ,hosts ,plantenziekten ,Laboratory of Nematology ,plant diseases ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,levenscyclus ,plant parasitic nematodes ,plantenparasitaire nematoden - Abstract
Wortelknobbelaaltjes (Meloidogyne spp.) behoren tot de meest geavanceerde parasieten onder de ziekteverwekkers van planten. Ze onderscheiden zich van veel obligaat biotrofe pathogenen door hun brede waardplantenreeks. Eenmaal gevestigd in het wortelstelsel onttrekken ze vervolgens gedurende enkele weken voedingsstoffen aan de plant via speciaal daarvoor aangelegde voedingsstructuren - de reuzecellen. Ze kunnen zich al naar gelang de omstandigheden dat vereisen, op allerlei manieren voortplanten.De laatste jaren zijn door de toepassing van moleculaire technieken een aantal bijzondere ontdekkingen gedaan die betrekking hebben op deze aanpassingen. Ingegaan wordt op de ontwikkelingen met nadruk op de genen, die betrokken zijn bij de parasitaire levensstijl van de nematode
- Published
- 2004
16. R gene homologues in potato confer resistance to distinct pathogens: a virus and a nematode
- Author
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Bakker, E.H., van Vliet, J.M., Overmars, H.A., Smant, G., Sandbrink, H., van der Vossen, E.A.G., Bakker, J., and Goverse, A.
- Subjects
PRI Bioscience ,EPS-2 ,Life Science ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 2004
17. Plant cell wall modifications in potato cyst nematode parasitism
- Author
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Goverse, A., Kudla, U., Swiecicka, M., Karczmarek, A., Overmars, H.A., Qin Ling, Filipecki, M., Bakker, J., Helder, J., and Smant, G.
- Subjects
EPS-2 ,Life Science ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 2004
18. Editorial: Plant degradation: a nematode expansin acting on plants
- Author
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Qin Ling, Kudla, U., Roze, E.H.A., Goverse, A., Popeijus, H., Nieuwland, J., Overmars, H.A., Jones, J.T., Schots, A., Smant, G., Bakker, J., and Helder, J.
- Subjects
cell walls ,EPS-2 ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Abstract
Expansin proteins, which have so far been identified only in plants, rapidly induce extension of plant cell walls by weakening the non-covalent interactions that help to maintain their integrity1. Here we show that an animal, the plant-parasitic roundworm Globodera rostochiensis, can also produce a functional expansin, which it uses to loosen cell walls when invading its host plant. As this nematode is known to be able to disrupt covalent bonds in plant cell walls2, 3, its accompanying ability to loosen non-covalent bonds challenges the prevailing view that animals are genetically poorly equipped to degrade plant cell walls.
- Published
- 2004
19. On the evolution of parasitism genes
- Author
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Smant, G., Davis, E.L., Hussey, R.S., Baum, T.J., Rosso, M.N., Bakker, J., and Helder, J.
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EPS-2 ,Life Science ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 2004
20. Gene Discovery in Sedentary Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
- Author
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Smant, G., Qin Ling, Goverse, A., Schots, A., Helder, J., and Bakker, J.
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EPS-4 ,heterodera ,parasitism ,parasitisme ,meloidogyne ,globodera ,host parasite relationships ,gastheer parasiet relaties ,genen ,heteroderidae ,Laboratory of Nematology ,genes ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,plant parasitic nematodes ,plantenparasitaire nematoden - Abstract
Durable parasitic relationships are fascinating and scientifically interesting as they illustrate the maximal impact of co-evolution. Often these parasites have evolved the ability to recognize individual compounds unintentionally produced by their hosts. These signals will then trigger the release of an array of pathogenicity factors from the parasites. Comprehension of the molecular events underlying the resulting intimate reactions will lead to a better understanding of fundamental biological processes as well as the development of new approaches to elegantly and specifically control harmful pests
- Published
- 2003
21. Cloning of a Putative Pectate Lyase Gene Expressed in the Subventral Esophageal Glands of Heterodera glycines
- Author
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De Boer, J. M., Davis, E. L., Hussey, R. S., Popeijus, H., Smant, G., and Baum, T. J.
- Subjects
Esophageal Subventral Gland Gene Expression - Abstract
We report the cloning of a Heterodera glycines cDNA that has 72% identity at the amino acid level to a pectate lyase from Globodera rostochiensis. In situ hybridizations showed that the corresponding gene (Hg-pel-1) is expressed in the subventral esophageal gland cells of second-stage juveniles. The deduced amino acid sequence of the H. glycines cDNA shows homology to class III pectate lyases of bacterial and fungal origin.
- Published
- 2002
22. Molecular and genetic studies of the basis of virulence/avirulence in Meloidogyne chitwoodi
- Author
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Blok, V.C., Wishart, J., Mugniery, D., Bossis, M., Castagnone-Sereno, P., Smant, G., Zijlstra, C., Zoon, F.C., and Phillips, M.S.
- Subjects
Biointeracties and Plant Health ,EPS-2 ,PRI Biointeractions en Plantgezondheid ,Life Science ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 2002
23. Cloning of a Putative Pectate Lyase Gene Expressed in the Subventral Esophageal Glands of Heterodera glycines
- Author
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de Boer, J.M., McDermott, J.P., Davis, E.L., Hussey, R.S., Popeijus, H.E., Smant, G., and Baum, T.J.
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Pectate lyase gene ,Molecular nematology ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Esophageal gland ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,Nematode - Published
- 2002
24. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in three mitotic parthenogenetic Meloidogyne spp
- Author
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Dautova, M., Overmars, H., Bakker, J., Smant, G., and Gommers, F.J.
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Genetic variations ,AFLP ,Tandem repeats ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Root-knot nematodes ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,Plant-parasitic nematodes - Published
- 2002
25. Isolation of beta-1, 4-endoglucanase genes from Globodera tabacum and their expression during parasitism
- Author
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Goellner, M., Smant, G., de Boer, J.M., Baum, T.J., and Davis, E.L.
- Subjects
Beta-1 ,Stylet secretions ,EGase ,Nicotiana tabacum ,Tobacco ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,4-Endoglucanases ,Tobacco cyst nematode ,Esophageal gland cells ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,Globodera tabacum - Abstract
Two beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EGase) cDNAs were isolated from Globodera tabacum, the tobacco cyst nematode, and have been designated as GT-eng-1 and GT-eng-2. GT-eng-1 and GT-eng-2 encode precursor proteins with a predicted secretion signal sequence, cellulolytic catalytic domain, and a linker domain. The protein product GT-ENG-1 contains an additional 95 amino acid carboxy terminal sequence with strong similarity to type II cellulose binding domains. Riboprobes and polyclonal antibodies raised to recombinant cyst nematode EGases were used to follow expression patterns of EGase transcripts and proteins throughout the nematode life cycle. EGase transcripts and proteins were specifically detected within the subventral esophageal gland cells of G. tabacum second-stage juveniles (J2) within eggs prior to hatching, in preparasitic J2, and in parasitic J2 that had invaded tobacco roots. EGase transcripts and proteins were not detected in G. tabacum after the molt to the sedentary J3, J4, and adult female life stages. Interestingly, EGase transcription and translation resumed in the subventral esophageal glands of late J4 males. It is hypothesized that secreted EGases play a major role to facilitate intracellular migration of G. tabacum within tobacco roots.
- Published
- 2000
26. An efficient cDNA-AFLP based strategy for the identification of putative pathogenicity factors from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis
- Author
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Qin Ling, Overmars, H., Helder, J., Popeijus, H., Rouppe van der Voort, J., Groenink, W., van Koert, P., Schots, A., Bakker, J., and Smant, G.
- Subjects
Life Science ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Abstract
A new strategy has been designed to identify putative pathogenicity factors from the dorsal or subventral esophageal glands of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Three independent criteria were used for selection. First, genes of interest should predominantly be expressed in infective second-stage juveniles, and not, or to a far lesser extent, in younger developmental stages. For this, gene expression profiles from five different developmental stages were generated with cDNA-AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism). Secondly, the mRNA corresponding to such a putative pathogenicity factor should predominantly be present in the esophageal glands of pre-parasitic juveniles. This was checked by in situ hybridization. As a third criterion, these proteinaceous factors should be preceded by a signal peptide for secretion. Expression profiles of more than 4,000 genes were generated and three up-regulated, dorsal gland-specific proteins preceded by signal peptide for secretion were identified. No dorsal gland genes have been cloned before from plant-parasitic nematodes. The partial sequence of these three factors, A4, A18, and A41, showed no significant homology to any known gene. Their presence in the dorsal glands of infective juveniles suggests that these proteins could be involved in feeding cell initiation, and not in migration in the plant root or in protection against plant defense responses. Finally, the applicability of this new strategy in other plant-microbe interactions is discussed.
- Published
- 2000
27. Engineering Antibody-mediated Resistance to Plant Root Nematodes - Potential and Prospects
- Author
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Smant, G., Bakker, J., Gommers, F.J., and Schots, A.
- Subjects
Life Science ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 1999
28. In Planta localization of a ß-1,4-Endoglucanase secreted by Heterodera glycines
- Author
-
Xiaohong Wang, Meyers, D., Yitang Yan, Baum, T., Smant, G., Hussey, R., and Davis, E.
- Subjects
Secretions ,Pathogenesis ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,Antibodies ,Plant-parasitic nematodes - Published
- 1999
29. Developmental expression of secretory ß-1,4-endoglucanases in the subventral esophageal glands of Heterodera glycines
- Author
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de Boer, J.M., Yitang Yan, Xiaohong Wang, Smant, G., Hussey, R.S., Davis, E.L., and Baum, T.J.
- Subjects
Cellulase ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 1999
30. Cloning of two endoglucanase genes from Heterodera schachtii
- Author
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de Meutter, J., Tytgat, T., van der Schueren, E., Smant, G., Schots, A., Coomans, A., van Montagu, M., and Gheysen, G.
- Subjects
Life Science ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 1998
31. In-situ hybridisation to messenger RNA in Heterodera glycines
- Author
-
de Boer, J.M., Yitang Yan, Smant, G., Davis, E.L., and Baum, T.J.
- Subjects
Cellulase gene ,Digoxigenin RNA probe ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Heterodera glycines ,Esophageal gland ,In-situ hybridization ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,Nematode - Published
- 1998
32. Endogenous cellulases in cyst nematodes: a case of horizontal gene transfer
- Author
-
Smant, G., Yan, Y., Stokkermans, J.P.W.G., Qin Ling, Helder, J., Bakker, J., Davies, E.L., and Schots, A.
- Subjects
Life Science ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 1998
33. Endogenous cellulases in stylet secretions of cyst nematodes
- Author
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Smant, G., Agricultural University, J. Bakker, A. Schots, and F.J. Gommers
- Subjects
cellulase ,saliva ,secreties ,secretions ,globodera rostochiensis ,PE&RC ,host parasite relationships ,gastheer parasiet relaties ,speeksel ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,plant parasitic nematodes ,plantenparasitaire nematoden ,heterodera glycines - Abstract
This thesis describes the identification ofβ-1,4-endoglucanases (cellulases) in stylet secretions of the two cyst nematodes species, Globodera rostochiensis and Heterodera glycines . A novel method was developed to raise monoclonal antibodies that were directed to subventral oesophageal gland secretions. These monoclonal antibodies were used to characterise and to immunopurify two secretory proteins. Partial sequence data from these proteins enabled the cloning of two homologous genes from each of the two cyst nematode species.The predicted amino acid sequences revealed a high similarity with bacterial cellulases, whereas no homology was found with eukaryotic cellulases. Evidence is provided for the endogenous origin the nematode cellulases that may have been acquired from bacteria by horizontal gene transfer.
- Published
- 1998
34. Cloning of a trans-spliced glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and expression of its putative promoter region in Caenorhabditis elegans
- Author
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Qin Ling, Smant, G., Stokkermans, J., Bakker, J., Schots, A., and Helder, J.
- Subjects
Gene cloning ,Spliced leader ,Globodera rostochiensis ,Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Putative promoter region ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Published
- 1998
35. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to antigens from second stage juveniles of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis
- Author
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Deboer, J. M., Overmars, H. A., Pomp, H. R., Davis, E. L., Zilverentant, J. F., Goverse, A., Smant, G., Stokkermans, Jpwg, Hussey, R. S., Gommers, F. J., Bakker, J., and Arjen Schots
- Subjects
RELATION HOTE PARASITE ,NEMATODE PHYTOPARASITE ,POMME DE TERRE ,IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ,DEVELOPPEMENT BIOLOGIQUE ,ANTICORPS - Abstract
Après immunisation de souris avec différents antigènes de #Globodera rostochiensis$, les anticorps monoclonaux (MAbs) ont été testés par microscopie en fluorescence pour leur réaction avec des structures particulières de juvéniles de deuxième stade (J2) de #G. rostochiensis$. Il a été obtenu des MAbs qui se lient avec les glandes oesophagiennes subventrales, les filaments musculaires de la paroi du corps, le primordium génital, la lumière intestinale, les noyaux des cellules et la surface de la cuticule. Les MAbs des glandes subventrales se lient également aux glandes subventrales des J2 de #G. pallida$ et #G. tabacum$, mais non à celles des J2 d'#Heterodera glycines$, #H. schachtii$, #Meloidogyne hapla$ ou #M. incognita$. Des MAbs des glandes subventrales réagissent avec un épitope hydrosoluble des extraits protéiques de J2 de #G. rostochiensis$. Les MAbs des filaments musculaires de la paroi du corps se lient également à la musculature de la paroi du corps des J2 de #G. pallida$, #H. schachtii$, #M. hapla$ et #M. incognita$. Par immunotransfert de J2 de #G. rostochiensis$, ces MAbs réagissent avec deux protéines de 39 et plus de 106 kDa, respectivement. (Résumé d'auteur)
- Published
- 1996
36. Novel Cellulases
- Author
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Schots, A., Bakker, J., Helder, J., Gommers, F.J., Stiekema, W., Roosien, J., Goverse, A., Schouten, A., Smant, G., de Boer, J.M., and Stokkermans, J.P.W.
- Subjects
Life Science ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie - Abstract
The invention provides peptides having cellulase activity and exhibiting at least 40mino acid identity in the primary structure with the amino acid sequence shown in one of SEQ ID NO.'s 1, 2, 3 and 4 or comprising a series of at least 7 contiguous amino acids of the amino acid sequence shown in one of SEQ ID NO.'s 1, 2, 3 and 4. Said peptide corresponds to a nematodal peptide especially of a sedentary nematode (such as a cyst nematode or root-knot nematode) or part thereof. Antibodies against such peptides are valuable crop-protecting agents. Furthermore provided are nucleotide sequences encoding these peptides and expression systems comprising at least such a nucleotide sequence. The enzymic peptides are useful in the protection of plants against parasitic nematodes, and in the food and beverage industry, in paper or clothing industry or in waste treatment
- Published
- 1996
37. Functional Analysis of Pathogenicity Proteins of the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis Using RNAi
- Author
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Chen, Qing, primary, Rehman, S., additional, Smant, G., additional, and Jones, John T., additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Glutathione peroxidases of the potato cyst nematode Globodera Rostochiensis
- Author
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Jones, J.T, primary, Reavy, B, additional, Smant, G, additional, and Prior, A.E, additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Durable resistance against Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax
- Author
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Zoon, F.C., primary, Golinowski, W., additional, Janssen, R., additional, Mugniéry, D., additional, Phillips, M.S., additional, Schlathoelter, M., additional, Smant, G., additional, Van Kruijssen, L., additional, and Van Der Beek, J.G., additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Plant degradation: A nematode expansin acting on plants
- Author
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Qin, Ling, Kudla, U., Roze, E.H.A., Goverse, A., Popeijus, H., Nieuwland, J.H., Overmars, H., Jones, J.T., Schots, A., Smant, G., Bakker, J., and Helder, J.C.
- Subjects
Molecular Plant Physiology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Brief Communications p.
- Published
- 2004
41. GenEST, a powerful bidirectional link between cDNA sequence data and gene expression profiles generated by cDNA-AFLP.
- Author
-
Qin, L, Prins, P, Jones, J T, Popeijus, H, Smant, G, Bakker, J, and Helder, J
- Abstract
The release of vast quantities of DNA sequence data by large-scale genome and expressed sequence tag (EST) projects underlines the necessity for the development of efficient and inexpensive ways to link sequence databases with temporal and spatial expression profiles. Here we demonstrate the power of linking cDNA sequence data (including EST sequences) with transcript profiles revealed by cDNA-AFLP, a highly reproducible differential display method based on restriction enzyme digests and selective amplification under high stringency conditions. We have developed a computer program (GenEST) that predicts the sizes of virtual transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) of in silico-digested cDNA sequences retrieved from databases. The vast majority of the resulting virtual TDFs could be traced back among the thousands of TDFs displayed on cDNA-AFLP gels. Sequencing of the corresponding bands excised from cDNA-AFLP gels revealed no inconsistencies. As a consequence, cDNA sequence databases can be screened very efficiently to identify genes with relevant expression profiles. The other way round, it is possible to switch from cDNA-AFLP gels to sequences in the databases. Using the restriction enzyme recognition sites, the primer extensions and the estimated TDF size as identifiers, the DNA sequence(s) corresponding to a TDF with an interesting expression pattern can be identified. In this paper we show examples in both directions by analyzing the plant parasitic nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Various novel pathogenicity factors were identified by combining ESTs from the infective stage juveniles with expression profiles of approximately 4000 genes in five developmental stages produced by cDNA-AFLP.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Genomic organization of four -1,4-endoglucanase genes in plant-parasitic cyst nematodes and its evolutionary implications
- Author
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Yan, Y., Smant, G., Stokkermans, J., Qin, L., Helder, J., Baum, T., Schots, A., and Davis, E.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The genome of the yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, reveals in-sights into the bases of parasitism and virulence
- Author
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Eves-Van Den Akker, S., Laetsch, D. R., Thorpe, P., Lilley, C. J., Danchin, E. G. J., Darocha, M., Rancurel, C., Holroyd, N. E., Cotton, J. A., Szitenberg, A., Grenier, E., Montarry, J., Mimee, B., Duceppe, M., Boyes, I., Marvin, J. M. C., Jones, L. M., Yusup, H. B., Lafond-Lapalme, J., Esquibet, M., Sabeh, M., Rott, M., Overmars, H., Finkers-Tomczak, A., Smant, G., Koutsovoulos, G., Blok, V., Mantelin, S., Cock, P. J. A., Phillips, W., Henrissat, B., Urwin, P. E., Mark Blaxter, Jones, J. T., Division of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Dundee Effector Consortium, The James Hutton Institute, Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Horticulture Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Sidney Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Information and Computational Sciences Group, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), School of Biology, University of St Andrews, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Vertebrate Zoology ,[SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology ,Zoologie des vertébrés - Abstract
The yellow potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis is a devastating plant pathogen of global economic importance, classified into pathotypes of different plant resistance-breaking phenotypes. G. rostochiensis secretes effectors, some of which were acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), from pharyngeal glands into the host to manipulate host processes and promote parasitism. We generated a high-quality genome assembly for G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 and identified putative effectors and HGT events, mapped gene expression through the life cycle focusing on key parasitic transitions, and sequenced the genomes of eight populations including three additional pathotypes.
44. Rather than by direct acquisition via lateral gene transfer, GHF5 cellulases were passed on from early Pratylenchidae to root-knot and cyst nematodes
- Author
-
Rybarczyk-Mydłowska Katarzyna, Maboreke Hazel Ruvimbo, van Megen Hanny, van den Elsen Sven, Mooyman Paul, Smant Geert, Bakker Jaap, and Helder Johannes
- Subjects
Lateral gene transfer ,Cellulase ,Nematodes ,Plant parasitism ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Background Plant parasitic nematodes are unusual Metazoans as they are equipped with genes that allow for symbiont-independent degradation of plant cell walls. Among the cell wall-degrading enzymes, glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GHF5) cellulases are relatively well characterized, especially for high impact parasites such as root-knot and cyst nematodes. Interestingly, ancestors of extant nematodes most likely acquired these GHF5 cellulases from a prokaryote donor by one or multiple lateral gene transfer events. To obtain insight into the origin of GHF5 cellulases among evolutionary advanced members of the order Tylenchida, cellulase biodiversity data from less distal family members were collected and analyzed. Results Single nematodes were used to obtain (partial) genomic sequences of cellulases from representatives of the genera Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Hirschmanniella and Globodera. Combined Bayesian analysis of ≈ 100 cellulase sequences revealed three types of catalytic domains (A, B, and C). Represented by 84 sequences, type B is numerically dominant, and the overall topology of the catalytic domain type shows remarkable resemblance with trees based on neutral (= pathogenicity-unrelated) small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Bayesian analysis further suggested a sister relationship between the lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei and all type B cellulases from root-knot nematodes. Yet, the relationship between the three catalytic domain types remained unclear. Superposition of intron data onto the cellulase tree suggests that types B and C are related, and together distinct from type A that is characterized by two unique introns. Conclusions All Tylenchida members investigated here harbored one or multiple GHF5 cellulases. Three types of catalytic domains are distinguished, and the presence of at least two types is relatively common among plant parasitic Tylenchida. Analysis of coding sequences of cellulases suggests that root-knot and cyst nematodes did not acquire this gene directly by lateral genes transfer. More likely, these genes were passed on by ancestors of a family nowadays known as the Pratylenchidae.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Identification of imprinted genes subject to parent-of-origin specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
- Author
-
Wennblom Trevor J, Lao Nga, Comte Aurélie, Duszynska Dorota, Fort Antoine, Donoghue Mark TA, Schmid Marc W, Wolff Philip, Prins Pjotr, Laouielle-Duprat Sylvia, McKeown Peter C, Smant Geert, Köhler Claudia, Grossniklaus Ueli, and Spillane Charles
- Subjects
Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Epigenetic regulation of gene dosage by genomic imprinting of some autosomal genes facilitates normal reproductive development in both mammals and flowering plants. While many imprinted genes have been identified and intensively studied in mammals, smaller numbers have been characterized in flowering plants, mostly in Arabidopsis thaliana. Identification of additional imprinted loci in flowering plants by genome-wide screening for parent-of-origin specific uniparental expression in seed tissues will facilitate our understanding of the origins and functions of imprinted genes in flowering plants. Results cDNA-AFLP can detect allele-specific expression that is parent-of-origin dependent for expressed genes in which restriction site polymorphisms exist in the transcripts derived from each allele. Using a genome-wide cDNA-AFLP screen surveying allele-specific expression of 4500 transcript-derived fragments, we report the identification of 52 maternally expressed genes (MEGs) displaying parent-of-origin dependent expression patterns in Arabidopsis siliques containing F1 hybrid seeds (3, 4 and 5 days after pollination). We identified these MEGs by developing a bioinformatics tool (GenFrag) which can directly determine the identities of transcript-derived fragments from (i) their size and (ii) which selective nucleotides were added to the primers used to generate them. Hence, GenFrag facilitates increased throughput for genome-wide cDNA-AFLP fragment analyses. The 52 MEGs we identified were further filtered for high expression levels in the endosperm relative to the seed coat to identify the candidate genes most likely representing novel imprinted genes expressed in the endosperm of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression in seed tissues of the three top-ranked candidate genes, ATCDC48, PDE120 and MS5-like, was confirmed by Laser-Capture Microdissection and qRT-PCR analysis. Maternal-specific expression of these genes in Arabidopsis thaliana F1 seeds was confirmed via allele-specific transcript analysis across a range of different accessions. Differentially methylated regions were identified adjacent to ATCDC48 and PDE120, which may represent candidate imprinting control regions. Finally, we demonstrate that expression levels of these three genes in vegetative tissues are MET1-dependent, while their uniparental maternal expression in the seed is not dependent on MET1. Conclusions Using a cDNA-AFLP transcriptome profiling approach, we have identified three genes, ATCDC48, PDE120 and MS5-like which represent novel maternally expressed imprinted genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana seed. The extent of overlap between our cDNA-AFLP screen for maternally expressed imprinted genes, and other screens for imprinted and endosperm-expressed genes is discussed.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Nematode taxonomy: deciphering a stable evolutionary concept
- Author
-
Smant, G., Bongers, T., and Bakker, J.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. WOX11-mediated cell size control in Arabidopsis attenuates growth and fecundity of endoparasitic cyst nematodes.
- Author
-
Guarneri N, Willig JJ, Willemsen V, Goverse A, Sterken MG, Nibbering P, Lozano Torres JL, and Smant G
- Abstract
Cyst nematodes establish permanent feeding structures called syncytia inside the host root vasculature, disrupting the flow of water and minerals. In response, plants form WOX11-mediated adventitious lateral roots at nematode infection sites. WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting modulates tolerance to nematode infections; however, whether this also benefits nematode parasitism remains unknown. Here, we report on bioassays using a 35S::WOX11-SRDX transcriptional repressor mutant to investigate whether WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting promotes syncytium development and thereby female growth and fecundity. Moreover, we chemically inhibited cellulose biosynthesis to verify if WOX11 directly modulates cell wall plasticity in syncytia. Finally, we performed histochemical analyses to test if WOX11 mediates syncytial cell wall plasticity via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Repression of WOX11-mediated transcription specifically enhanced the radial expansion of syncytial elements, increasing both syncytium size and female offspring. The enhanced syncytial hypertrophy observed in the 35S::WOX11-SRDX mutant could be phenocopied by chemical inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis and was associated with elevated levels of ROS at nematode infection sites. We, therefore, conclude that WOX11 restricts radial expansion of nematode-feeding structures and female growth and fecundity, likely by modulating ROS-mediated cell wall plasticity mechanisms. Remarkably, this novel role of WOX11 in plant cell size control is distinct from WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting underlying disease tolerance., (© 2024 The Author(s). The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Switching perspectives: The roles of plant cellular reprogramming during nematode parasitism.
- Author
-
Guarneri N, Schwelm A, Goverse A, and Smant G
- Subjects
- Animals, Plant Diseases parasitology, Plant Cells physiology, Cellular Reprogramming, Nematoda physiology, Host-Parasite Interactions, Plants parasitology
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Transcription factor WOX11 modulates tolerance to cyst nematodes via adventitious lateral root formation.
- Author
-
Willig JJ, Guarneri N, van Loon T, Wahyuni S, Astudillo-Estévez IE, Xu L, Willemsen V, Goverse A, Sterken MG, Lozano-Torres JL, Bakker J, and Smant G
- Subjects
- Animals, Plant Diseases parasitology, Plant Diseases genetics, Oxylipins metabolism, Cyclopentanes metabolism, Plants, Genetically Modified, Plant Roots parasitology, Plant Roots genetics, Plant Roots growth & development, Arabidopsis parasitology, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis growth & development, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Tylenchoidea physiology, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Abstract
The transcription factor WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 11 (WOX11) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) initiates the formation of adventitious lateral roots upon mechanical injury in primary roots. Root-invading nematodes also induce de novo root organogenesis leading to excessive root branching, but it is not known if this symptom of disease involves mediation by WOX11 and if it benefits the plant. Here, we show with targeted transcriptional repression and reporter gene analyses in Arabidopsis that the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii activates WOX11-mediated adventitious lateral rooting from primary roots close to infection sites. The activation of WOX11 in nematode-infected roots occurs downstream of jasmonic acid-dependent damage signaling via ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR109, linking adventitious lateral root formation to nematode damage to host tissues. By measuring different root system components, we found that WOX11-mediated formation of adventitious lateral roots compensates for nematode-induced inhibition of primary root growth. Our observations further demonstrate that WOX11-mediated rooting reduces the impact of nematode infections on aboveground plant development and growth. Altogether, we conclude that the transcriptional regulation by WOX11 modulates root system plasticity under biotic stress, which is one of the key mechanisms underlying the tolerance of Arabidopsis to cyst nematode infections., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. From root to shoot: quantifying nematode tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by high-throughput phenotyping of plant development.
- Author
-
Willig JJ, Sonneveld D, van Steenbrugge JJM, Deurhof L, van Schaik CC, Teklu MG, Goverse A, Lozano-Torres JL, Smant G, and Sterken MG
- Subjects
- Animals, Plant Development, Plant Diseases, Plant Roots, Arabidopsis, Nematoda, Arabidopsis Proteins, Tylenchoidea physiology
- Abstract
Nematode migration, feeding site formation, withdrawal of plant assimilates, and activation of plant defence responses have a significant impact on plant growth and development. Plants display intraspecific variation in tolerance limits for root-feeding nematodes. Although disease tolerance has been recognized as a distinct trait in biotic interactions of mainly crops, we lack mechanistic insights. Progress is hampered by difficulties in quantification and laborious screening methods. We turned to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, since it offers extensive resources to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying nematode-plant interactions. Through imaging of tolerance-related parameters, the green canopy area was identified as an accessible and robust measure for assessing damage due to cyst nematode infection. Subsequently, a high-throughput phenotyping platform simultaneously measuring the green canopy area growth of 960 A. thaliana plants was developed. This platform can accurately measure cyst nematode and root-knot nematode tolerance limits in A. thaliana through classical modelling approaches. Furthermore, real-time monitoring provided data for a novel view of tolerance, identifying a compensatory growth response. These findings show that our phenotyping platform will enable a new mechanistic understanding of tolerance to below-ground biotic stress., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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