5,985 results on '"Small cell carcinoma"'
Search Results
2. Apalutamide Plus Cetrelimab in Patients With Treatment-Emergent Small Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
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Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC and Rahul Aggarwal, Principal Investigator
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- 2024
3. Combination of arsenic trioxide and apatinib synergistically inhibits small cell lung cancer by down-regulating VEGFR2/mTOR and Akt/c-Myc signaling pathway via GRB10.
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Yu, Yao, Shang, Yu, Shi, Si, He, Yaowu, Shi, Wenchao, Wang, Menghan, Wang, Qi, Xu, Dandan, Shi, Ce, and Chen, Hong
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SMALL cell lung cancer , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *INHIBITION of cellular proliferation , *GENETIC regulation , *ARSENIC trioxide - Abstract
Background: Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is characterized by -poor prognosis, -high predilection for -metastasis, -proliferation, and -absence of newer therapeutic options. Elucidation of newer pathways characterizing the disease may allow for development of targeted therapies and consequently favorable outcomes. Methods: The current study explored the combinatorial action of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and apatinib (APA) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro models were tested using -H446 and -H196 SCLC cell lines. The ability of drugs to reduce -metastasis, -cell proliferation, and -migration were assessed. Using bioinformatic analysis, differentially expressed genes were determined. Gene regulation was assessed using gene knock down models and confirmed using Western blots. The in vivo models were used to confirm the resolution of pathognomic features in the presence of the drugs. Growth factor receptor bound protein (GRB) 10 expression levels of human small cell lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by IHC. Results: In combination, ATO and APA were found to significantly reduce -cell proliferation, -migration, and -metastasis in both the cell lines. Cell proliferation was found to be inhibited by activation of Caspase-3, -7 pathway. In the presence of drugs, it was found that expression of GRB10 was stabilized. The silencing of GRB10 was found to negatively regulate the VEGFR2/Akt/mTOR and Akt/GSK-3β/c-Myc signaling pathway. Concurrently, absence of metastasis and reduction of tumor volume were confirmed in vivo. The immunohistochemical results confirmed that the expression level of GRB10 in adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in human small cell lung cancer tissues. Conclusions: Synergistically, ATO and APA have a more significant impact on inhibiting cell proliferation than each drug independently. ATO and APA may be mediating its action through the stabilization of GRB10 thus acting as a tumor suppressor. We thus, preliminarily report the impact of GRB10 stability as a target for SCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. PROX1 is a regulator of neuroendocrine-related gene expression in lung carcinoid.
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Sakurai, Kouhei, Ando, Tatsuya, Sakai, Yasuhiro, Mori, Yuichiro, Nakamura, Satoru, Kato, Taku, and Ito, Hiroyasu
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NEUROENDOCRINE tumors ,GENE expression ,LUNG tumors ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,SMALL cell carcinoma - Abstract
Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group of tumors characterized by neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation. Among lung NENs, lung carcinoid (LC) is a rare tumor with unique characteristics. Recent research has highlighted the importance of transcription factors (TFs) in establishing gene expression programs in lung NENs such as small cell lung carcinoma. However, the TFs that control the gene expression of LC are largely unknown. In this study, we report the expression and potential function of a TF called Prospero homeobox protein1 (PROX1) in LC. Publicly available transcriptome data suggested that PROX1 was highly expressed in LC tissues, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis on a tissue microarray. Knockdown of PROX1 did not impact the cellular viability of an LC-derived cell line, NCI-H727. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis revealed that PROX1 knockdown altered the expression of genes involved in NE differentiation. ASCL1, CHGA, CALCA, and LINC00261 were suggested as downstream genes of PROX1. These findings indicate that PROX1 may play an important role in the NE identity of LC by regulating the expression of key target genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Association between common chronic pulmonary diseases and lung cancer: Mendelian randomization analysis.
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Zhang, Wenbin, Song, Xinnan, Song, Tianjun, and Zeng, Dongyun
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CHRONIC obstructive pulmonary disease ,LUNG diseases ,LUNG cancer ,GENOME-wide association studies ,SMALL cell carcinoma - Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a leading public health concern worldwide. Previous evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma may contribute to its development. However, whether these common chronic pulmonary diseases are causal factors of lung cancer remained unclear. Methods: Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Genetic data for COPD were obtained from the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative, and asthma data were retrieved from the UK Biobank cohort. Suitable instrumental variables were selected based on quality control measures. GWAS summary data for lung cancer were obtained from a large study involved 85,716 participants. MR analysis was performed using various methods, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was employed to account for potential confounding factors. Results: Our MR analysis revealed a significant causal association between COPD and lung cancer, including its subtypes such as lung squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma. Genetically predicted COPD was associated with a 64% increased risk of lung cancer and a 2.3 to 2.8-fold increased risk of the different subtypes. However, in the MVMR analysis adjusting for smoking, alcohol drinking, and body mass index, the association between COPD and lung cancer became non-significant. No significant association was observed between asthma (childhood-onset and adult-onset) and lung cancer and its histological subtypes. Conclusions: Our study suggests a potential causal association between COPD and lung cancer. However, this association became non-significant after adjusting for smoking in the multivariable analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Characteristics of molecular subtypes and cinical outcomes in the immunotherapy Queue of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients.
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Li, Jianan, Zhang, Wentao, Zhao, Yi, Li, Jixian, Nie, Yuanliu, Feng, Alei, Li, Qiang, Zhou, Fengge, Zeng, Renya, and Yang, Zhe
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SMALL cell lung cancer ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,BRAIN metastasis ,CANCER patients - Abstract
Background: With a series of clinical trials confirming the sensitivity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to immunotherapy, research on personalized treatment for SCLC has gained increasing attention. Currently, the most widely accepted subtype of SCLC is based on the expression levels of Achaete-Scute Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (ASCL1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1), and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). However, real-world studies on this classification remain limited. Methods: We retrospectively collected biopsy specimens from patients who received immunotherapy at Shandong Provincial Hospital between January 2019 and July 2021. After determining the patient subtypes using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the relationships between each subtype and survival as well as some clinical characteristics. Results: In our study, we found that the subtype I achieved a significant survival advantage compared to the other groups. Additionally, the subtype A demonstrated a significant survival disadvantage. Among patients in the subtype I, there was a higher proportion of early brain metastasis and patients with a family history of tumors, while the subtype A had a lower proportion. Furthermore, the subtype A exhibited relatively poor immune infiltration. Conclusion: In a diverse cohort of SCLC patients receiving immunotherapy, the subtype-I showed significant survival advantages while the subtype-A experienced a worse survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Assessing treatment effects with adjusted restricted mean time lost in observational competing risks data.
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Shen, Haoning, Zhang, Chengfeng, Song, Yu, Huang, Zhiheng, Wang, Yanjie, Hou, Yawen, and Chen, Zheng
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TREATMENT effectiveness , *COMPETING risks , *CERVICAL cancer , *CANCER patients , *PROGNOSIS , *SMALL cell carcinoma - Abstract
Background: According to long-term follow-up data of malignant tumor patients, assessing treatment effects requires careful consideration of competing risks. The commonly used cause-specific hazard ratio (CHR) and sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) are relative indicators and may present challenges in terms of proportional hazards assumption and clinical interpretation. Recently, the restricted mean time lost (RMTL) has been recommended as a supplementary measure for better clinical interpretation. Moreover, for observational study data in epidemiological and clinical settings, due to the influence of confounding factors, covariate adjustment is crucial for determining the causal effect of treatment. Methods: We construct an RMTL estimator after adjusting for covariates based on the inverse probability weighting method, and derive the variance to construct interval estimates based on the large sample properties. We use simulation studies to study the statistical performance of this estimator in various scenarios. In addition, we further consider the changes in treatment effects over time, constructing a dynamic RMTL difference curve and corresponding confidence bands for the curve. Results: The simulation results demonstrate that the adjusted RMTL estimator exhibits smaller biases compared with unadjusted RMTL and provides robust interval estimates in all scenarios. This method was applied to a real-world cervical cancer patient data, revealing improvements in the prognosis of patients with small cell carcinoma of the cervix. The results showed that the protective effect of surgery was significant only in the first 20 months, but the long-term effect was not obvious. Radiotherapy significantly improved patient outcomes during the follow-up period from 17 to 57 months, while radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy significantly improved patient outcomes throughout the entire period. Conclusions: We propose the approach that is easy to interpret and implement for assessing treatment effects in observational competing risk data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. A Newly Developed Anti-L1CAM Monoclonal Antibody Targets Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells.
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Yamaguchi, Miki, Hirai, Sachie, Idogawa, Masashi, Sumi, Toshiyuki, Uchida, Hiroaki, and Sakuma, Yuji
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CELL adhesion molecules , *SMALL cell lung cancer , *DIPHTHERIA toxin , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *RECOMBINANT proteins , *MONOCLONAL antibodies - Abstract
Few effective treatments are available for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), indicating the need to explore new therapeutic options. Here, we focus on an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) targeting the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM). Several publicly available databases reveal that (1) L1CAM is expressed at higher levels in SCLC cell lines and tissues than in those of lung adenocarcinoma and (2) the expression levels of L1CAM are slightly higher in SCLC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. We conducted a series of in vitro experiments using an anti-L1CAM monoclonal antibody (termed HSL175, developed in-house) and the recombinant protein DT3C, which consists of diphtheria toxin lacking the receptor-binding domain but containing the C1, C2, and C3 domains of streptococcal protein G. Our HSL175-DT3C conjugates theoretically kill cells only when the conjugates are internalized by the target (L1CAM-positive) cells through antigen–antibody interaction. The conjugates (an ADC analog) were effective against two SCLC-N (NEUROD1 dominant) cell lines, Lu-135 and STC-1, resulting in decreased viability. In addition, L1CAM silencing rendered the two cell lines resistant to HSL175-DT3C conjugates. These findings suggest that an ADC consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody based on HSL175 and a potent anticancer drug would be effective against SCLC-N cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Women patients with small‐cell lung cancer using immunotherapy in a real‐world cohort achieved long‐term survival.
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He, Yuling, Kong, Lingdong, Ji, Xumeng, Zhuo, Minglei, An, Tongtong, Jia, Bo, Chi, Yujia, Wang, Jingjing, Zhao, Jun, Li, Jianjie, Yang, Xue, Chen, Hanxiao, Zhai, Xiaoyu, Tai, Yidi, Ding, Lu, Wang, Ziping, and Wang, Yuyan
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PATIENT safety , *WOMEN , *DRUG side effects , *T-test (Statistics) , *RESEARCH funding , *IMMUNOTHERAPY , *FISHER exact test , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *MANN Whitney U Test , *IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors , *LONGITUDINAL method , *CANCER chemotherapy , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *LOG-rank test , *DRUG efficacy , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH methodology , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *TUMOR classification , *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *OVERALL survival , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models - Abstract
Background: Usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has prolonged the overall survival (OS) of patients with extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). In clinical trials, males accounted for a large proportion, leading to the uncertainty of its efficacy in female patients. We therefore conducted this study to explore the efficacy and safety of using ICIs in female patients with ES‐SCLC. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled female SCLC patients and subdivided them into two groups. Group A (n = 40) was defined as ES‐SCLC patients who received first‐line standard chemotherapy with or without ICIs. Group B (n = 47) included relapsed SCLC patients who were administered with second‐line therapies. Kaplan–Meier methodology was used to calculate survival analysis. Chi‐squared tests were used to analyze the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Results: Median progression‐free survival (PFS) and median OS favored the ICI‐contained cohorts (Group A PFS: 8.3 vs. 6.1 months; OS: not reached vs. 11.3 months; Group B PFS: 15.1 vs. 3.3 months; OS: 35.3 vs. 8.3 months), especially in those patients who received second‐line immunotherapies. Patients who received immunotherapy had a slightly higher incidence rate of grade ≥3 AEs (Group A: 71.4% vs. 46.2%; Group B: 44.5% vs. 13.2%). Those who developed grade ≥3 AEs in first‐line ICIs cohort had a more favorable survival (PFS: 8.3 vs. 3.2 months; OS: not reached vs. 5.1 months). Conclusions: Our study suggested that female ES‐SCLC patients treated with immunotherapy tended to achieve a relatively longer survival. The incidence of AEs (grade ≥3) was higher in women patients receiving ICIs, which requires monitoring more closely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Head & Neck Pathology.
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PATHOLOGY , *BENIGN tumors , *SYMPTOMS , *ADENOID cystic carcinoma , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *SALIVARY glands - Abstract
This article presents several cases of rare tumors and their clinical and pathological characteristics. The first case discusses a highly aggressive tumor called sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma, which can be difficult to diagnose due to its morphological heterogeneity. The second case focuses on oncocytic lesions in the salivary glands, highlighting the challenges in distinguishing them from other conditions. The third case examines papillary thyroid carcinoma arising within a branchial cleft cyst, emphasizing the need for further investigation. The fourth case explores an unusual presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma as an intraoral mass. Additionally, the article discusses IgG4-related disease in the head and neck region, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis based on histological features, radiology, and serum IgG4 levels. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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11. Impact of human papillomavirus types on uterine cervical neoplasia.
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Taguchi, Ayumi, Yoshimoto, Daisuke, Kusakabe, Misako, Baba, Satoshi, Kawata, Akira, Miyamoto, Yuichiro, Mori, Mayuyo, Sone, Kenbun, Hirota, Yasushi, and Osuga, Yutaka
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UTERINE tumors , *CERVICAL intraepithelial neoplasia , *PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *PAPILLOMAVIRUSES , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *STEM cells , *GENOTYPES , *DISEASE progression ,CERVIX uteri tumors - Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer. As the natural history of HPV‐associated cervical lesions is HPV genotype‐dependent, it is important to understand the characteristics of these genotypes and to manage them accordingly. Among high‐risk HPVs, HPV16 and 18 are particularly aggressive, together accounting for 70% of HPV genotypes detected in cervical cancer. Other than HPV16 and 18, HPV31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 are also at a high risk of progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)3 or higher. Recent studies have shown that the natural history of HPV16, 18, 52, and 58, which are frequently detected in Japan, depends on the HPV genotype. For example, HPV16 tends to progress in a stepwise fashion from CIN1 to CIN3, while HPV52 and 58 are more likely to persist in the CIN1 to CIN2 state. Among the high‐risk HPVs, HPV18 has some peculiar characteristics different from those of other high‐risk HPV types; the detection rate in precancerous lesions is much lower than those of other high‐risk HPVs, and it is frequently detected in highly malignant adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Recent findings demonstrate that HPV18 may be characterized by latent infection and carcinogenesis in stem cell‐like cells. In this context, this review outlines the natural history of HPV‐infected cervical lesions and the characteristics of each HPV genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. CT and MRI findings of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: comparison with urothelial carcinoma.
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Kawaguchi, Masaya, Kato, Hiroki, Koie, Takuya, Noda, Yoshifumi, Hyodo, Fuminori, Miyazaki, Tatsuhiko, and Matsuo, Masayuki
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SMALL cell carcinoma , *COMPUTED tomography , *TRANSITIONAL cell carcinoma , *BLADDER cancer , *DIFFUSION coefficients - Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CT and MRI findings to differentiate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) from urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder. Materials and methods: This study included 90 patients with histopathologically confirmed bladder cancer (10 SCNECs and 80 UCs). Eight patients with bladder SCNEC and 80 with UC underwent CT and MRI, whereas the remaining two patients with SCNEC underwent CT alone before treatment. CT and MRI findings were retrospectively evaluated and compared between the two pathologies. Results: The maximum diameter (36.5 mm vs. 19.0 mm, p < 0.01) and height (22.0 mm vs. 14.0 mm, p < 0.01) of the tumor in bladder SCNEC were higher than in UC. The pedunculated configuration (20% vs. 61%, p < 0.05) and irregular tumor margins (20% vs. 76%, p < 0.01) in bladder SCNEC were less common than in UC. The CT attenuation of the solid component in unenhanced CT images was higher in bladder SCNEC than in UC (37 Hounsfield unit [HU] vs. 34 HU, p < 0.01). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the solid component in bladder SCNEC was lower than in UC (0.49 × 10−3 mm2/s vs. 1.02 × 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In comparison with UC, bladder SCNEC was larger, had higher unenhanced CT attenuation, and had a lower ADC value. The pedunculated configuration and irregular tumor margins were typical of bladder UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Nuclear Protein in Testis (NUT) Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Analysis of 57 Cases With Consideration of Interpretation and Pitfall Recognition.
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Farooq, Ayesha, Kerper, Allison L., Boland, Jennifer M., and Ying-Chun Lo
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HEAD & neck cancer diagnosis , *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma , *NUCLEAR proteins , *DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis , *T cells , *TUMOR markers , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *NEUROENDOCRINE tumors , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *GENETIC mutation , *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,MEDIASTINAL tumors ,CHEST tumors - Abstract
Context.--: Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is an aggressive carcinoma defined by NUTM1 gene rearrangement. Diagnostic challenges include morphologic overlap with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor, and other small round blue cell tumors. Objective.--: To comprehensively study the immunohistochemistry (IHC) features of a large cohort of NUT carcinomas. Design.--: Fifty-seven NUT carcinoma cases were identified from 2012-2022, including 38 thoracic/mediastinal, 13 head and neck/sinonasal, and 6 from other sites. Pathology reports and available slides were reviewed. Comprehensive IHC studies were performed on available cases. Results.--: Keratin stains showed variable positivity and were entirely negative in 15% (8 of 55) of cases. p40 was only positive in 65% (24 of 37) of cases, implying inferior sensitivity when compared to p63 (87% sensitivity, 20 of 23 cases) and other squamous cell markers. Neuroendocrine markers were focally/weakly positive in few cases; however, INSM1 was positive in 54% (7 of 13) of cases, indicating a possible diagnostic pitfall. TTF-1 was mostly negative with focal positivity in 26% (10 of 38) of cases. Occasional CD34 (15%, 3 of 20 cases) and CD99 (21%, 3 of 14 cases) positivity could also cause potential diagnostic confusion. S100, desmin, CD45, and SALL4 were rarely positive. BRG1 and INI1 were retained in all cases. Ki-67 proliferative index was high (median, 60%). PD-L1 was negative in all tested cases. Conclusions.--: This comprehensive IHC study demonstrates the immunohistochemical spectrum of NUT carcinoma. The findings can help narrow the differential diagnosis and recognize potential pitfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), a commonly prescribed antiviral drug, mitigates hearing loss in mice.
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Sailor‐Longsworth, Emma J., Lutze, Richard D., Ingersoll, Matthew A., Kelmann, Regina G., Ly, Kristina, Currier, Duane, Chen, Taosheng, Zuo, Jian, and Teitz, Tal
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TWO-way analysis of variance , *OTOACOUSTIC emissions , *NOISE-induced deafness , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *SOUND pressure , *CISPLATIN - Abstract
A study published in Clinical & Translational Medicine suggests that the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) may have potential as a treatment for hearing loss. The researchers found that oseltamivir protected against hair cell loss in mouse cochlear explants caused by the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, without affecting cisplatin's ability to kill tumors. In mouse models, oseltamivir also protected against cisplatin-induced hearing loss and outer hair cell loss. Furthermore, oral oseltamivir therapy showed promise in protecting against noise-induced hearing loss. The study suggests that oseltamivir could be a promising candidate for treating hearing loss caused by chemotherapy and noise exposure. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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15. Bone metastases among newly diagnosed cancer patients: a population-based study.
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Chen, Feng, He, Bo, and Wang, Yang
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BONE metastasis ,DISEASE risk factors ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,CHILD patients ,CANCER prognosis ,NEUROBLASTOMA - Abstract
Purpose (i) To analyze age-adjusted incidence rates of synchronous bone metastases diagnosed alongside primary malignancy from 2010 to 2018 in the US population, (ii) determine the incidence proportions (IPs) and characteristics of synchronous bone metastases among newly diagnosed cancer patients in the USA especially pediatric cases, and (iii) assess the implications of synchronous bone metastases on cancer patient's survival, and identify the survival risk factors for these cancer patients. Methods Utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (2010–2018), we calculated age-adjusted IPs and annual percentage change (APC), and employed logistic regression and Cox regression models for our analysis. Results 3 300 736 cancer patients were identified. The age-adjusted incidence rates of synchronous bone metastases increased from 2010 (18.04/100 000) to 2018 (20.89/100 000; APC: 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–3.1), but decreased in lung cancer (average APC: –1.0, 95% CI, −1.8 to −0.3). The highest IPs were observed in pediatric neuroblastoma (43.2%; 95% CI, 39.8%–46.7%) and adult small cell carcinoma (23.1%; 95% CI, 22.7%–23.4%). Multivariate logistic analyses revealed that primary tumor characteristics were correlated with higher bone metastases risk. Survival analyses also showed varied prognostic outcomes based on metastasis sites and demographics among cancer patients. Landmark analyses further indicated among long-term cancer survivors (≥3 and ≥5 years), patients with de novo bone metastases had the poorest survival rates compared with those with other synchronous metastases (P < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides a population-based estimation of the incidence and prognosis for synchronous bone metastases. Our findings highlight the need for early identification of high-risk groups and multidisciplinary approaches to improve prognosis of cancer patients with de novo bone metastases. What is already known on this topic: The incidence of de novo bone metastases between 2010 and 2015 that SEER database documented was average 18.8 per 100 000 per year. In adult patients, the most frequent sites for de novo metastases are the lungs, prostate, and breast. The cancer patients with synchronous bone metastases are likely to have a modest reduction in survival. What this study adds: The age-adjusted incidence rates of synchronous bone metastasis steadily rose from 18.04 per 100 000 in 2010 to 20.89 per 100 000 in 2018. Pediatric patients had higher incidence proportions of synchronous bone metastases compared to adult patients, among pediatric patients specifically, those diagnosed with neuroblastoma had the highest risk of synchronous bone metastases. In the short term, cancer patients with synchronous brain metastases had the poorest survival rates. However, among long-term cancer survivors, those with synchronous bone metastases had the worst prognosis. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy: Pediatric clinicians need to be acutely aware of the significant possibility of simultaneous development of bone metastases and neuroblastoma in pediatric patients. For long-term survivors, Clinicians should prioritize the care of them with synchronous bone metastases over those with metastases from other sites. For cancer patients with synchronous bone metastases, we advocate for surgery of the primary cancer sites to improve prognosis. Remained research questions: How does the differential utilization of bone scans across different tumors affect the accuracy of detecting synchronous bone metastases in cancer patients? What is the impact of bone metastases on patients' physical status, comorbidities, performance status, and quality of life? How do radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical treatments for sites of bone metastases affect the prognosis of cancer patients with synchronous bone metastases? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Case report: PCA-2-associated encephalitis with different clinical phenotypes: a two-case series and literature review.
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Xiaona Li, Yue Lang, Di Ma, Jing Bai, Pingping Shen, Xinyu Wang, and Li Cui
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POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography ,LITERATURE reviews ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,ENCEPHALITIS ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,PERIPHERAL nervous system - Abstract
Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 2 (PCA-2), identified in 2000, targets the widely distributed microtubule-associated protein 1B in the central and peripheral nervous systems, leading to diverse clinical phenotypes of neurological disorders. We report two cases of PCA-2-associated encephalitis, each presenting with distinct onset forms and clinical manifestations, thereby illustrating the phenotypic variability of PCA-2- related diseases. The first patient was diagnosed with PCA-2-associated autoimmune cerebellitis and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma with metastasis in mediastinal lymph nodes of unknown primary origin. The second patient was diagnosed with PCA-2-associated limbic encephalitis. Our findings underscore the superior sensitivity of positron emission tomography-computed tomography over brain magnetic resonance imaging in the early detection of PCA-2-associated encephalitis. Given the high risk of relapse and suboptimal response to traditional immunotherapy in PCA-2-related neurological disorders, this study highlights the need for a deeper understanding of their pathogenesis to develop more effective treatments to control symptoms and improve patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. EBV-positive small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of nasopharynx as a probably unique subtype of neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of three cases and literature review.
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Chen, Ying, Zhou, Ning, Huang, Caijun, He, Xin, Wang, Xiaodong, Tang, Hao, Wang, Wenyan, Wang, Jiashuang, Li, Tao, and Guo, Deyu
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SMALL cell carcinoma , *NEUROENDOCRINE tumors , *LITERATURE reviews , *NASOPHARYNX , *EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors , *BREAST , *MUCOUS membranes - Abstract
Background: There is currently scarcity of information on small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasopharynx (SCNEC-nasopharynx). It is believed that this type of cancer is not associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and is indistinguishable from classic SCNEC occurring in other organs. Materials and methods: Herein we provided 3 cases of nasopharyngeal mass in our hospital, two males and one female. On admission, these patients were considered nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, and one of them had liver metastasis. The nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues were biopsied for pathological examination including immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. PubMed database was searched for articles about SCNEC-nasopharynx published up to April 2024 in any language. Result: The 3 cases had similar histological features of SCNEC in other organs but differed in rich- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). All of them stained for pancytokeratin (panCK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Case 1 and Case 2 diffusely expressed insulinoma-associated protein 1(INSM-1) and synaptophysin (Syn), Case 3 strongly stained for CD56 and Syn. Immunostaining of all 3 cases for p40, p63, TTF-1, CK20, S-100 and NUT showed negative. BRG-1, INI-1 and Rb were retained. And p53 all showed wild-type expression. The Ki-67 labeling indiced of case 1, 2, and 3 were 80%, 90%, and 80%, respectively. In situ hybridization showed strong and uniform nuclear positivity of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER) in the neoplastic cells of 3 cases. Conclusion: EBV-positive SCNEC-nasopharynx was exactly rare. The origin of this tumor is still controversial. It may originate from EBV-infected mucosal epithelium like nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Based on our cases and relevant literature, we found EBV-positive SCNEC-nasopharynx as a probably site-specific subtype of SCNEC with differing pathogenetic mechanism. The subtype not only virus positivity but also that it was associated with TILs and did not show p53 or Rb alterations by immunohistochemistry. It may be more responsive to treatment and have a better prognosis than classic SCNEC. We will continue to follow-up these patients and collect additional cases to further understand the unique biology of this rare solid tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Lipocalin‐2 as a prognostic biomarker and its association with systemic inflammation in small cell lung cancer.
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Go, Se‐Il, Yang, Jung Wook, Lee, Woo Je, Jeong, Eun Jeong, Park, Sungwoo, and Lee, Gyeong‐Won
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PLATINUM compounds , *NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio , *RESEARCH funding , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *PECTORALIS muscle , *ACUTE phase proteins , *TUMOR markers , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *CANCER patients , *CANCER chemotherapy , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *GENE expression , *LUNG tumors , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *INFLAMMATION , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *COMPARATIVE studies , *SARCOPENIA , *OVERALL survival - Abstract
Background: Systemic inflammation is believed to contribute to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) progression, but the underlying relationship remains unclear. Lipocalin‐2, a potential biomarker of inflammation, has been implicated in various cancers but its prognostic value in SCLC is underexplored. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 191 patients with SCLC (72 with limited‐stage [LD] and 119 with extensive‐stage) treated using platinum‐based chemotherapy. Lipocalin‐2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Optimal cutoff values for lipocalin‐2 and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were determined using time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The pectoralis muscle index was used to assess sarcopenia. Results: In LD‐SCLC, high lipocalin‐2 expression was associated with worse progression‐free survival (PFS; median: 7.0 vs. 15.9 months, p = 0.015) and overall survival (OS; median: 12.9 vs. 30.3 months, p = 0.035) compared with low lipocalin‐2 expression. Patients were stratified into three prognostic groups by combining lipocalin‐2 with NLR: low lipocalin‐2/low NLR, high lipocalin‐2/low NLR or low lipocalin‐2/high NLR, and high lipocalin‐2/high NLR (median PFS: 17.3 vs. 11.0 vs. 6.3 months, p = 0.004; median OS: 30.5 vs. 17.3 vs. 8.6 months, p = 0.002). Similar trends were observed when combining lipocalin‐2 with the pectoralis muscle index. High lipocalin‐2 expression was also associated with lower complete response rates (18.9% vs. 34.3%, p = 0.035). No significant prognostic implications were found for lipocalin‐2 in extensive‐stage SCLC. Conclusions: High lipocalin‐2 expression is potentially associated with poorer survival in LD‐SCLC. Combining lipocalin‐2 with other inflammation‐related markers could improve prognostic stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Cardiac infarction caused by PD-1 inhibitor during small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ureter treatment: A case report.
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Xiaoying Li, Jing Wen, Hongtao Li, Yan Huang, and Hongliang Zhou
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SMALL cell carcinoma ,PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors ,INFARCTION ,URETERS ,MERKEL cell carcinoma ,CARDIOTOXICITY ,URETERIC obstruction - Abstract
Although small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ureter (ureteral SCNEC) is rare, it always leads to a poor prognosis. Also, no treatment recommendation has been given for ureteral SCNEC, with only PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors being used for its treatment. Here, we report a case of atypical symptoms of cardiac infarction caused by a PD-1 inhibitor used in the treatment of ureteral SCNEC and hope to address concerns regarding the possible cardiac toxicity caused by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ureteral SCNEC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Neurological Paraneoplastic Syndromes in most Common Cancers in Poland.
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Piątkiewicz, Julia, Krzyżanowska, Maria, Głogowska, Karen, Wojtas, Mikołaj, Sztybór, Mateusz, Maleszewska, Monika, Żmijewska, Aleksandra, Nowak, Gabriela, Kapica, Marcin, and Kopacz, Wojciech
- Subjects
PARANEOPLASTIC syndromes ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases ,LUNG cancer ,POLISH people - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes (PNS) represent a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with the presence of neoplasm. The appearance of PNS can precede cancer diagnosis. The estimated frequency amongst cancer patients is about 1%. Malignant tumors represent a serious health problem and are the second leading cause of death in Poland. The aim of this study is to collect information about PNS focusing on cancers mostly diagnosed in Polish adults. REVIEW METHODS: The analysis was conducted based on information regarding PNS gathered from PubMed and Google Scholar within the context of selected cancers. THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: PNS develop from an autoimmune reaction in which onconeural antibodies are produced. The recent classification divides PNS to high risk, indicating a likely paraneoplastic origin and intermediate risk, if this association is less evident. Diagnosis is difficult and usually relies on exclusion methods. The symptoms described are non-specific and the diagnostic process may require the involvement of various specialists. The main approaches include cancer treatment, especially tumor removal and immunotherapy, which in certain may prove to be effective. SUMMARY: Although PNS is relatively rare, its detectability has recently increased. Many syndromes are especially associated with lung cancer (mainly small cell carcinoma). Breast and prostate cancers have also shown associations with certain syndromes. They can present with nonspecific symptoms related to different organ systems. Awareness and understanding of this phenomenon can be helpful amongst many specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Causal relationships between lung cancer and sepsis: a genetic correlation and multivariate mendelian randomization analysis.
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Jiejun Zhou, Youqian Zhang, Tian Yang, Kun Zhang, Anqi Li, Meng Li, Xiaojing Peng, and Mingwei Chen
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SEPSIS ,GENETIC correlations ,LUNG cancer ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,FALSE discovery rate ,BODY mass index - Abstract
Background: Former research has emphasized a correlation between lung cancer (LC) and sepsis, but the causative link remains unclear. Method: This study used univariate Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship between LC, its subtypes, and sepsis. Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) regression was used to calculate genetic correlations. Multivariate MR was applied to investigate the role of seven confounding factors. The primary method utilized was inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), supplemented by sensitivity analyses to assess directionality, heterogeneity, and result robustness. Results: LDSC analysis revealed a significant genetic correlation between LC and sepsis (genetic correlation = 0.325, p = 0.014). Following false discovery rate (FDR) correction, strong evidence suggested that genetically predicted LC (OR = 1.172, 95% CI 1.083-1.269, p = 8.29 × 10
-5 , Pfdr = 2.49 × 10-4 ), squamous cell lung carcinoma (OR = 1.098, 95% CI 1.021-1.181, p = 0.012, Pfdr = 0.012), and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.098, 95% CI 1.024-1.178, p = 0.009, Pfdr = 0.012) are linked to an increased incidence of sepsis. Suggestive evidence was also found for small cell lung carcinoma (Wald ratio: OR = 1.156, 95% CI 1.047-1.277, p = 0.004) in relation to sepsis. The multivariate MR suggested that the partial impact of all LC subtypes on sepsis might be mediated through body mass index. Reverse analysis did not find a causal relationship (p > 0.05 and Pfdr > 0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests a causative link between LC and increased sepsis risk, underscoring the need for integrated sepsis management in LC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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22. Analysis of Risk Factors for Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Carboplatin Plus Etoposide Therapy.
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Takahashi, Masaya, Takahashi, Katsuyuki, Kaneda, Hiroyasu, Kawaguchi, Tomoya, Otori, Toru, and Nakamura, Yasutaka
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FEBRILE neutropenia , *RISK assessment , *BODY mass index , *POTASSIUM antagonists , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *FISHER exact test , *INDEPENDENT variables , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *CANCER patients , *CARBOPLATIN , *TUMOR markers , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *MANN Whitney U Test , *ETOPOSIDE , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ODDS ratio , *LUNG tumors , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *PROTON pump inhibitors , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Introduction: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is an oncologic emergency requiring immediate empiric antibiotic therapy. Although carboplatin plus etoposide combination chemotherapy is associated with a relatively high frequency of FN, the risk factors are unclear. Hence, this retrospective study aimed to identify predictive markers of carboplatin/etoposide-induced FN. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with previously untreated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who received combination chemotherapy with carboplatin (area under the concentration curve: 5 mg/mL·min, day 1) and etoposide (80 or 100 mg/m2, days 1–3) between July 2007 and June 2022. FN was assessed during the 21 days after initiation of carboplatin and etoposide therapy according to the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology's definition. Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables were used to compare the two groups. Statistical significance was set at p values <0.05. Explanatory variables with p values <0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 176 eligible patients, the incidence of FN during the first cycle of chemotherapy was 25.0% (44/176). Multivariate analysis revealed that co-administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with FN (p = 0.0035 and 0.0011, respectively). Patients with both co-administration of PPIs or PCABs and a BMI ≤22.509 kg/m2 presented with significantly higher frequencies of FN compared with the other patients (13/24 [54.2%] vs. 31/152 [20.4%] patients; odds ratio: 4.56, 95% confidence interval: 1.70–12.48; p = 0.00147). Conclusion: Patients who received carboplatin plus etoposide for SCLC with co-administration of PPIs or PCABs and a BMI ≤22.509 kg/m2 more frequently present with FN than those without the two factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Clinical characteristics and status of treatment of small-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis.
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Kewei Zheng, Yi Gao, Congjian Xu, and Yu Kang
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CHINESE people , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *WOMEN'S hospitals , *OVARIES , *THERAPEUTICS , *UNIVERSITY hospitals - Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment status of Chinese small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) patients, providing insights into this unique population and comparing findings with international literature. Methods: Through a meta-analysis, we collected data from published case reports and records from the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Demographic information, clinical presentations, tumor attributes, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were extracted and examined alongside relevant global studies. Results: The analysis encompassed 80 Chinese SCCOHT patients, of which 62 from 33 previously reported literatures, and the other 18 were from Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. In 62 cases with stage information, A total of 25 tumors were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, 3 were stage II, 19 were stage III, and 15 were stage IV. Most patients received surgery and chemotherapy, but regimens were varied. Median follow-up was 10 months (range=4-120). Elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 and serum calcium levels were consistent findings. Recurrence rates were notable, especially among stage I patients. Platinum-based chemotherapy, paclitaxel and carboplatin (n=11, 13.4%), constituted common treatment regimens. Conclusion: This study observed demographic and clinical similarities with international datasets. And the findings emphasize the urgency for innovative therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in SCCOHT patients. Continued research efforts are essential to enhance the knowledge surrounding this rare malignancy and to optimize its clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Detailed report on the clinicopathological factors of patients with endometrial cancer in Japan: a JSOG gynecologic tumor registry-based study.
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Takeshi Makabe, Wataru Yamagami, Fumiaki Takahashi, Hideki Tokunaga, Eiko Yamamoto, Yoshihito Yokoyama, Kiyoshi Yoshino, Kei Kawana, and Satoru Nagase
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ENDOMETRIAL cancer , *CANCER patients , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *CARCINOMA , *SURGICAL robots , *ENDOMETRIAL tumors - Abstract
Objective: In this study, we collected data over 8 years (2012-2019) from the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) tumor registry to determine the status of endometrial cancer in Japan, and analyzed detailed clinicopathological factors. Methods: The JSOG maintains a tumor registry that gathers information on endometrial cancer treated at the JSOG-registered institutions. Data from the patients whose endometrial cancer treatment was initiated from 2012 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 82,969 patients with endometrial cancer underwent treatment from 2012 to 2019. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with hormonal therapy is more common among endometrial cancer patients under 40 years compared with those over 40 years. The number of patients with endometrial cancer, treated with laparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery was observed to have increased yearly. Small cell carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas were more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage. Lymphadenectomy was most commonly performed for stage IIIC2 disease, whereas positive peritoneal washing cytology was most common for stage IVB and serous carcinoma. Conclusion: Multi-year summary reports provided detailed clinicopathological information regarding endometrial cancer that could not be obtained in a single year. These reports were useful in understanding treatment strategies and trends over time based on age, histology, and stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells Depend on KIF11 for Survival.
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Sakuma, Yuji, Hirai, Sachie, Yamaguchi, Miki, and Idogawa, Masashi
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LUNGS , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *RNA interference , *SMALL interfering RNA , *SMALL cell lung cancer , *GENE expression - Abstract
Few efficacious treatment options are available for patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), indicating the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we explored kinesin family member 11 (KIF11), a potential therapeutic target in SCLC. An analysis of publicly available data suggested that KIF11 mRNA expression levels are significantly higher in SCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues. When KIF11 was targeted by RNA interference or a small-molecule inhibitor (SB743921) in two SCLC cell lines, Lu-135 and NCI-H69, cell cycle progression was arrested at the G2/M phase with complete growth suppression. Further work suggested that the two cell lines were more significantly affected when both KIF11 and BCL2L1, an anti-apoptotic BCL2 family member, were inhibited. This dual inhibition resulted in markedly decreased cell viability. These findings collectively indicate that SCLC cells are critically dependent on KIF11 activity for survival and/or proliferation, as well as that KIF11 inhibition could be a new strategy for SCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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26. Lurbinectedin in small cell lung cancer: real‐world experience of a multicentre national early access programme.
- Author
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Alexander, Marliese, Rogers, Jennifer, Parakh, Sagun, Mitchell, Paul, Clay, Timothy D., Kao, Steven, Hughes, Brett G. M., Itchins, Malinda, Kong, Benjamin Y., Pavlakis, Nick, Solomon, Benjamin J., and John, Thomas
- Subjects
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ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *HOSPITAL care , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *STRUCTURED treatment interruption , *LUNG tumors , *DRUG efficacy , *RESEARCH , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *ALKYLATING agents , *DRUG tolerance , *OVERALL survival , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Background and Aims: Lurbinectedin is a novel oncogenic transcription inhibitor active in several cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We aimed to describe the first Australian experience of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of lurbinectedin for the treatment of SCLC after progression on platinum‐containing therapy. Methods: Multicentre real‐world study of individuals with SCLC initiating lurbinectedin monotherapy (3.2 mg/m2 three‐weekly) on an early access programme between May 2020 and December 2021. Key outcomes were clinical utilisation, efficacy and tolerability. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Outcome data were collected within the AUstralian Registry and biObank of thoRacic cAncers (AURORA). Results: Data were analysed for 46 individuals across seven sites. Lurbinectedin was given as second‐ (83%, 38/46) or subsequent‐ (17%, 8/46) line therapy, mostly with prior chemoimmunotherapy (87%, 40/46). We report dose modifications (17%, 8/46), interruptions/delays (24%, 11/46), high‐grade toxicities (28%, 13/46) and hospitalisations (54%, 25/46) during active treatment. The overall response rate was 33% and the disease control rate was 50%. Six‐month OS was 44% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.0–57.1). Twelve‐month OS was 15% (95% CI: 6.5–26.8). From lurbinectedin first dose, the median PFS was 2.5 months (95% CI: 1.8–2.9) and OS was 4.5 months (95% CI: 3.5–7.2). From SCLC diagnosis, the median OS was 12.9 months (95% CI: 11.0–17.2). Individuals with a longer chemotherapy‐free interval prior to lurbinectedin had longer PFS and OS. Conclusion: This real‐world national experience of lurbinectedin post‐platinum chemotherapy and immunotherapy for individuals with SCLC was similar to that reported in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Liquid-Based Cytology of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.
- Author
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Liu, Yun, Li, Meirong, Liu, Yan, Wan, Yu, Yang, Bo, Li, Dan, and Wang, Shaohua
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HUMAN papillomavirus , *NEUROENDOCRINE cells , *DIAGNOSTIC errors , *CELL morphology , *CERVICAL cancer , *SMALL cell carcinoma ,CERVIX uteri tumors - Abstract
Background/Aims: There are currently few reports describing the liquid-based cytological characteristics of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze these features to reduce missed or misdiagnosis. Methods: A total of 11 patients with histologically diagnosed small cell carcinoma of the cervix from three hospitals between 2017 and 2023 were included in this study. The cytological morphology of small cell carcinoma of the cervix and causes of missed or misdiagnosis were analyzed and summarized through a review of clinical data, liquid-based cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and human papillomaviruses (HPV) test results. Results: In this study, the positivity rate of preliminary cytological screening was 63.6% (7/11); however, no cases were accurately diagnosed as small cell carcinoma of the cervix. A total of 36.4% (4/11) of small cell carcinoma of the cervix cases were cytologically negative; retrospective cytology found that two of these were false negatives. The main cytological features of small cell carcinoma of the cervix were summarized. Most of the liquid-based cytology smear cells were dense, and almost all cases showed clustered and scattered cytoplasm-scanty tumor cells. The tumor cells were all deeply stained and relatively consistent small cells. Most cases showed typical nuclear molding, chromatin stippling, and no obvious nucleoli. Mild nuclear smears, nuclear fragments, and mitotic figures were seen in most cases. Conclusion: Liquid-based cytology has a high rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in small cell carcinoma of the cervix. This study confirms that reviewing cytology results can effectively reduce this proportion and that increasing understanding of small cell carcinoma of the cervix morphology is conducive to improving the cytology-based diagnosis rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Diagnostic significance and cytological features of NUT carcinoma by EBUS‐FNA, a case report and literature review.
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Ju, Yaping, Velazquez, Miriam, Sherrod, Andy, and Wang, Tiannan
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LITERATURE reviews , *LUNGS , *SPERMATOGENESIS , *CARCINOMA , *BREAST , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *NEEDLE biopsy , *ZINC-finger proteins - Abstract
This document provides information on the diagnosis and characteristics of NUT carcinoma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer. It emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis through immunohistochemistry and molecular testing, as well as the potential diagnostic pitfalls and differential diagnoses. The document also mentions ongoing clinical trials investigating the efficacy of BET protein inhibitors in treating NUT carcinoma. It concludes by highlighting the challenges in diagnosing NUT carcinoma and the need for caution in interpreting cytology specimens. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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29. The causal effect of atopic dermatitis on lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.
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Huang, Peng, Wen, Feng, Wu, QiuJi, Zhang, PengFei, and Li, Qiu
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ATOPIC dermatitis , *LUNG cancer , *RANDOMIZATION (Statistics) , *GENOME-wide association studies , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma , *LUNGS - Abstract
Background: Growing evidence has shown that atopic dermatitis (AD) may decrease lung cancer (LC) risk. However, the causality between the two diseases is inconsistent and controversial. Therefore, we explored the causal relationship between AD and different histological subtypes of LC by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Materials and methods: We conducted the MR study based on summary statistics from the genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of AD (10,788 cases and 30,047 controls) and LC (29,266 cases and 56,450 controls). Instrumental variables (IVs) were obtained after removing SNPs associated with potential confounders. We employed inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, and weighted median methods to pool estimates, and performed a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. Results: The results of the IVW method suggested that AD may decrease the risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85‐0.97, P = 0.007). Moreover, no causality was identified between AD and overall LC (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91–1.01, P = 0.101), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96–1.036, P = 0.324), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.82–1.10, P = 0.512). A comprehensive sensitivity test showed the robustness of our results. Conclusion: The present study indicates that AD may decrease the risk of LUAD in the European population, which needs additional investigations to identify the potential molecular mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Rare Case Report of Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder.
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N. V., Vinin, Murugavel, Hareni, Aravind, Sithara, and Ravikumar, Vibha
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BLADDER tumors ,RADIOTHERAPY ,RARE diseases ,COMPUTED tomography ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,METASTASIS ,CANCER chemotherapy ,NEUROENDOCRINE tumors ,COMBINED modality therapy ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,TRANSURETHRAL resection of bladder ,RADIATION doses - Abstract
Small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC) is a very rare entity. Compared to urothelial carcinoma they are more aggressive and have higher probabilities for metastases. Due to the aggressive nature of small cell bladder cancer, early diagnosis and treatment is imperative for the greatest chance of survival. We had two cases of non metastatic Small cell bladder carcinoma presenting at our institute and both were treated with definitive radiotherapy. One patient on follow up developed skeletal metastases and succumbed to disease, while the other patient is alive and disease free after 6 years. Here we present the challenges in diagnosis and treatment, and outcome of two SCBC patients treated at our institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Outcome of Patients with Early Glottic Laryngeal Carcinoma Treated with Radical Radiotherapy.
- Author
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Jones, Joneetha, N. V., Vinin, Sebastian, Shalin, Muttath, Geetha, Narendran, Arun P., Yahiya, Nabeel, and Anil, Bindu
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CANCER treatment ,CANCER relapse ,LARYNGEAL tumors ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,AGE distribution ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PRESERVATION of organs, tissues, etc. ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,NEUROENDOCRINE tumors ,DATA analysis software ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,TUMOR classification ,PROGRESSION-free survival ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,GLOTTIS ,SPECIALTY hospitals ,COMORBIDITY ,OVERALL survival - Abstract
Introduction: Glottic cancer is the most common laryngeal cancer and it has the most favorable prognosis, mainly if diagnosed early. Ideally, early glottic cancer (T1-T2 N0) should be managed with a single modality either microsurgery or definitive Radiotherapy. The local control rate with definitive radiotherapy is approximately 83-95% for T1 and 70-80% for T2 lesions. This study intends to find out the treatment outcome in early glottic cancer treated with radical radiation treatment from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019 at our center. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of medical records and radiation charts of all patients of early stage glottis cancer who underwent radiation treatment from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019 at our centre. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.Continuous variables such as age was summarized in terms of either mean ± Standard Deviation or median (inter quartile range) depending on the statistical distribution of data. Categorical variables were e pressed in terms of frequency and percentage. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan Meier curves. Results: A total of 91 patients underwent radical radiation for early glottic carcinoma at our centre. The median age was 63 years (42-85 years). Out of them 94% were males and 6% were females. 78% of patients had stage 1 disease and 22% had stage 11 disease. 52% of patients had co morbidities and 48% did not have any comorbidity All cases had Squamous cell carcinoma histology. 59% of patients had anterior commissure involvement. 12 out of 91 (13%) patients developed local recurrence on follow up. The five year disease free survival was 84.3%. The five year overall survival was 87.7%. There was a statistically significant difference in survival between stage I and stage II. Conclusion: For T1-T2 glottic carcinomas, definitive RT can provide a good term local control and survival with the preservation of the normal structure and function of larynx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Research progress on targeting DLL3 in the treatment of small cell lung cancer.
- Subjects
TREATMENT of lung tumors ,LIGANDS (Biochemistry) ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,SMALL cell carcinoma - Published
- 2024
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33. Multiomics sequencing and immune microenvironment characteristics define three subtypes of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix.
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Pan, Baoyue, Yan, Shumei, Yuan, Linjing, Xiang, Huiling, Ju, Mingxiu, Xu, Shijie, Jia, Weihua, Li, Jundong, Zhao, Qi, and Zheng, Min
- Subjects
SMALL cell carcinoma ,CERVIX uteri tumors ,MULTIOMICS ,NONNEGATIVE matrices ,GENITALIA ,MATRIX decomposition - Abstract
Small cell cervical carcinoma (SCCC) is the most common neuroendocrine tumor in the female genital tract, with an unfavorable prognosis and lacking an evidence‐based therapeutic approach. Until now, the distinct subtypes and immune characteristics of SCCC combined with genome and transcriptome have not been described. We performed genomic (n = 18), HPV integration (n = 18), and transcriptomic sequencing (n = 19) of SCCC samples. We assessed differences in immune characteristics between SCCC and conventional cervical cancer, and other small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, through bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical assays. We stratified SCCC patients through non‐negative matrix factorization and described the characteristics of these distinct types. We further validated it using multiplex immunofluorescence (n = 77) and investigated its clinical prognostic effect. We confirmed a high frequency of PIK3CA and TP53 alterations and HPV18 integrations in SCCC. SCCC and other small cell carcinoma had similar expression signatures and immune cell infiltration patterns. Comparing patients with SCCC to those with conventional cervical cancer, the former presented immune excluded or 'desert' infiltration. The number of CD8+ cells in the invasion margin of SCCC patients predicted favorable clinical outcomes. We identified three transcriptome subtypes: an inflamed phenotype with high‐level expression of genes related to the MHC‐II complex (CD74) and IFN‐α/β (SCCC‐I), and two neuroendocrine subtypes with high‐level expression of ASCL1 or NEUROD1, respectively. Combined with multiple technologies, we found that the neuroendocrine groups had more TP53 mutations and SCCC‐I had more PIK3CA mutations. Multiplex immunofluorescence validated these subtypes and SCCC‐I was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival. These results provide insights into SCCC tumor heterogeneity and potential therapies. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Small cell carcinoma of uterine cervix: A case report.
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Fazilat-Panah, Danial, Emranpour, Mohammad Hassan, Shabany, Babak Peyro, Rasta, Sara, Fatemi, Maedeh Alsadat, Nazari, Zeinab, and Rajabzadeh, Yavar
- Subjects
CERVIX uteri ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,HYSTERO-oophorectomy ,UTERINE hemorrhage ,BREAST cancer ,CERVICAL cancer - Abstract
Background: Small cell carcinoma of cervix (SCCC) is a rare disease. SCCC is highly invasive and prone to distant metastatic spread and lymph node involvement. Here we aim to present a patient and her treatment. Case Presentation: We report 47-year-old patient with history of breast cancer manifesting with abnormal vaginal bleeding diagnosed with SCCC. Patient underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Then, she received adjuvant chemoradiation postoperatively. Conclusion: Small cell carcinoma of cervix is an aggressive form of cervical cancer with poor prognosis. Optimal treatment remains unsettled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with small cell carcinoma infiltration: a case report.
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Yitong Zhou, Liyuan Song, Li Lyu, Shengjie Li, and Qimin Wang
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GASTROINTESTINAL stromal tumors ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,CORE needle biopsy ,PELVIS ,SMALL cell lung cancer - Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive system. They usually occur in the gastrointestinal tract. However, we discovered a rare phenomenon in which small cell carcinoma infiltrated the GIST of a patient. The patient came to the hospital and presented with chest tightness and shortness of breath for 2 months and a dry cough for half a month. As the ancillary tests were refined, it was discovered that he also had a lesion in the pelvic cavity. After pathological examination of the core needle biopsy (CNB) samples from the pelvic cavity lesion, the patient was diagnosed with GIST with small cell carcinoma infiltration. The patient is currently receiving a chemotherapy regimen of etoposide combined with cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Causal association between immune cells and lung cancer risk: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.
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Shengshan Xu, Huiying Fang, Tao Shen, Yufu Zhou, Dongxi Zhang, Yongwen Ke, Zhuowen Chen, and Zhuming Lu
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LUNG cancer ,DISEASE risk factors ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,GENOME-wide association studies ,CANCER cells ,CD14 antigen - Abstract
Background: Previous studies have highlighted the crucial role of immune cells in lung cancer development; however, the direct link between immunophenotypes and lung cancer remains underexplored. Methods: We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using genetic variants as instruments to determine the causal influence of exposures on outcomes. This method, unlike traditional randomized controlled trials (RCTs), leverages genetic variants inherited randomly at conception, thus reducing confounding and preventing reverse causation. Our analysis involved three genome-wide association studies to assess the causal impact of 731 immune cell signatures on lung cancer using genetic instrumental variables (IVs). We initially used the standard inverse variance weighted (
IVW ) method and further validated our findings with three supplementary MR techniques (MR-- Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO) to ensure robustness. We also conducted MR--Egger intercept and Cochran's Q tests to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Additionally, reverse MR analysis was performed to explore potential causality between lung cancer subtypes and ident ified immunophenotypes, using R software for all statistical calculations. Results: Our MR analysis identified 106 immune signatures significantly associated with lung cancer. Notably, we found five suggestive associations across all sensitivity tests (P<0.05): CD25 on IgD- CD24- cells in small cell lung carcinoma (ORIVW =0.885; 95% CI: 0.798--0.983; PIVW =0.022); CD27 on IgD+ CD24+ cells in lung squamous cell carcinoma (ORIVW =1.054; 95% CI: 1.010-- 1.100; PIVW =0.015); CCR2 on monocyte cells in lung squamous cell carcinoma (ORIVW =0.941; 95% CI: 0.898--0.987; PIVW =0.012); CD123 on CD62L+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (ORIVW =0.958; 95% CI: 0.924--0.992; PIVW =0.017) as well as on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (ORIVW =0.958; 95% CI: 0.924--0.992; PIVW =0.017) in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: This study establishes a significant genomic link between immune cells and lung cancer, providing a robust basis for future clinical research aimed at lung cancer management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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37. Emerging and under-recognised patterns of colorectal carcinoma morphologies: a comprehensive review.
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Yuho Ono and Yilmaz, Osman
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ADENOMATOUS polyps ,BREAST ,COLORECTAL cancer ,TRANSITIONAL cell carcinoma ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,RECTAL diseases ,MORPHOLOGY - Published
- 2024
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38. Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Rare Tumors That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery or Are Metastatic
- Author
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National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Published
- 2023
39. The Registry of Oncology Outcomes Associated With Testing and Treatment (ROOT)
- Published
- 2023
40. Small cell carcinoma of uterine cervix: A case report
- Author
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Danial Fazilat-panah, Mohammad hassan emranpour, Babak PeyroShabany, Sara Rasta, Maedeh alsadat Fatemi, Zeinab Nazari, and Yavar rajabzadeh
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small cell carcinoma ,uterine cervix ,radiation therapy ,chemotherapy ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Background: Small cell carcinoma of cervix (SCCC) is a rare disease. SCCC is highly invasive and prone to distant metastatic spread and lymph node involvement. Here we aim to present a patient and her treatment. Case Presentation: We report 47-year-old patient with history of breast cancer manifesting with abnormal vaginal bleeding diagnosed with SCCC. Patient underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Then, she received adjuvant chemoradiation postoperatively. Conclusion: Small cell carcinoma of cervix is an aggressive form of cervical cancer with poor prognosis. Optimal treatment remains unsettled.
- Published
- 2024
41. Small cell lung carcinoma presenting initially with recurrent pneumothoraces: a case report.
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Buchanan, John, Shatila, Mohamed, Menon, Ashvini, and Patel, Akshay J.
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SMALL cell carcinoma , *PNEUMOTHORAX , *LUNG cancer , *SMALL cell lung cancer , *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma - Abstract
Background: Pneumothorax is a non-physiological collection of air in the pleural space. Pneumothoraces can be broadly divided into Primary, Secondary, and Traumatic. Cancer of the lung is a known cause of secondary pneumothorax in both primary and metastatic lesions, however, pneumothorax as the presentation of lung cancer is exceedingly rare. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been reported in the literature to present with a pneumothorax, particularly in adeno/squamous cell carcinomas. It is almost completely unheard of for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) to present with a pneumothorax. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 62-year-old male patient, presenting twice in two months with spontaneous pneumothorax. The initial management involved admission and chest drain insertion. The patient has a past medical history of COPD and a significant smoking history. On the second admission, he underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) bullectomy and talc pleurodesis. The pathology report of the resected specimen confirmed SCLC with extensive infiltration. No gross evidence of metastatic spread was present on CT. Due to the R1 resection and significant risk of recurrence, the management plan included four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide, and radiotherapy as a consideration upon completion. Conclusions: Pneumothorax as the presentation of lung cancer imparts a very poor prognosis, however the reasons for this are largely unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying spontaneous pneumothorax in lung cancer are also not well understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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42. Oropharyngeal Mixed Neuroendocrine-Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN): A Case Report and Literature Review.
- Author
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AlQudah, Leen, Hackman, Trevor, and Brownlee, Amy
- Abstract
Mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine (MiNEN) neoplasms in the head and neck are exceptionally rare biphasic tumors with unclear pathogenesis and an aggressive clinical behavior. This is the first reported case of an oropharyngeal MiNEN with the nonneuroendocrine component being an HPV-associated adenocarcinoma. The tumor arose in a 56 year-old male with history of long-term cigarette smoking and was composed of an adenocarcinoma intermixed with a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. P16 immunohistochemical stain and HPV16/18 in-situ hybridization were strongly and diffusely expressed in both components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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43. Does 5-ALA Fluorescence Microscopy Improve Complete Resectability in Cerebral/Cerebellar Metastatic Surgery? A Retrospective Data Analysis from a Cranial Center.
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Sarkis, Hraq Mourad, Zawy Alsofy, Samer, Stroop, Ralf, Lewitz, Marc, Schipmann, Stephanie, Unnewehr, Markus, Paulus, Werner, Nakamura, Makoto, and Ewelt, Christian
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FLUORESCENT dyes , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *POSTOPERATIVE care , *GASTROINTESTINAL tumors , *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma , *MICROSURGERY , *ACADEMIC medical centers , *T-test (Statistics) , *MELANOMA , *SURVIVAL rate , *BREAST tumors , *KARNOFSKY Performance Status , *GIANT cell tumors , *SURGICAL therapeutics , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *CANCER patients , *CHI-squared test , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *METASTASECTOMY , *METASTASIS , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *LOG-rank test , *POSTOPERATIVE period , *DATA analysis software , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *BRAIN tumors , *PATIENT aftercare , *BRONCHIAL tumors , *OVERALL survival - Abstract
Simple Summary: In the present study, the intraoperative fluorescence of brain metastases after the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is investigated in 80 cases. Brain metastases fluoresced in 57.5% of cases, with no significant correlation between fluorescence and primary tumor or histological subtype. Complete resection of brain metastases was detected in 82.5%, of which 56.1% were fluorescence positive, compared to 43.9% which were non-fluorescent. Thus, prior administration of 5-ALA tended to improve the resectability rate by 12.1%. Fluorescence-positive and -negative metastases showed significantly different overall survival in this study. Therefore, administration of 5-ALA as a surgical adjuvant may be beneficial in resecting brain metastases and may potentially optimize the surgical procedure. (1) Background: In this study, the intraoperative fluorescence behavior of brain metastases after the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was analyzed. The aim was to investigate whether the resection of brain metastases using 5-ALA fluorescence also leads to a more complete resections and thus to a prolongation of survival; (2) Methods: The following variables have been considered: age, sex, number of metastases, localization, involvement of eloquent area, correlation between fluorescence and primary tumor/subtype, resection, and survival time. The influence on the degree of resection was determined with a control MRI within the first three postoperative days; (3) Results: Brain metastases fluoresced in 57.5% of cases. The highest fluorescence rates of 73.3% were found in breast carcinoma metastases and the histologic subtype adenocarcinoma (68.1%). No correlation between fluorescence behavior and localization, primary tumor, or histological subtype was found. Complete resection was detected in 82.5%, of which 56.1% were fluorescence positive. There was a trend towards improved resectability (increase of 12.1%) and a significantly longer survival time (p = 0.009) in the fluorescence-positive group; (4) Conclusions: 5-ALA-assisted extirpation leads to a more complete resection and longer survival and can therefore represent a low-risk addition to modern surgery for brain metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Urachal mixed adenocarcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with widespread metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy: a case report.
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Obiedat, Sarah, Murshed, Khaled, Szabados, Lajos, Al Rumaihi, Khaled, and Al Bozom, Issam
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SMALL cell carcinoma , *NEUROENDOCRINE tumors , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *METASTASIS , *CANCER chemotherapy , *BREAST - Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the urachus is extremely rare. We describe a case of a 33-year-old gentleman who presented with hematuria and diagnosed to have a composite adenocarcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the urachus. The patient also had widespread metastasis at the time of presentation, therefore, he was referred for chemotherapy. However, the disease showed progression despite treatment. Recognition of neuroendocrine carcinoma component in urachal tumors, although rare, is very essential as this histologic type carries poor prognosis with aggressive clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Ureter mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report and literature review.
- Author
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Bing Zhou, Xing Gan, Xiaohua Li, Lizi Peng, and Hua Hao
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LITERATURE reviews ,URETERS ,SMALL cell carcinoma ,COMPUTED tomography ,TUMORS - Abstract
Cases of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the urinary system are rare, and reports of primary MiNENs in the ureter are lacking. Herein, we present the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with painless gross hematuria and weight loss. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor, comprising small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and adenocarcinomatous components, attached to the ureter. The SCNEC components were strongly positive for synaptophysin, CD56 and INSM1 and adenocarcinomatous components were strongly positive for CDX2 and cytokeratin 20, respectively. Four weeks post-surgery, the patient received four cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy; the 7-month follow-up CT confirmed that he was healthy without disease recurrence. The occurrence of MiNEN in the ureter with SCNEC and adenocarcinomatous components is extremely rare, wherein histopathological and immunohistochemical features aid in the diagnosis MiNEN. With its aggressive nature, MiNEN can only be effectively treated by early diagnosis and radical surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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46. Simultaneous Acquisition of T790M Mutation and SCLC Transformation during Targeted Therapy in EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Case Report.
- Author
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Tatsuya Yazaki, Masanobu Kimoto, Ayumi Minagawa, Takashi Maruno, Miwa Yamanaka, Kei Sonehara, Mineyuki Hama, Toshitsugu Nakamura, Shintaro Kanda, Masayuki Hanaoka, and Tsutomu Hachiya
- Subjects
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SMALL cell lung cancer , *EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors , *NON-small-cell lung carcinoma , *LUNGS , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *RIB fractures - Abstract
Background: Various resistance mechanisms of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) have been reported, and approximately half of the cases show a T790M point mutation as resistance to EGFR-TKI. In addition, 3-14% of cases of non-small cell lung cancer transform into small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) during treatment. However, there are few reported cases in which 2 mechanisms of resistance have been observed simultaneously. This report describes a 66-year-old man with initial presentation of stage IIA right-sided lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR gene exon 21 L858R mutation and 3 years of stable disease. During treatment with erlotinib, the patient developed SCLC and adenocarcinoma with EGFR exon 21 L858R and exon 20 T790M mutation. Case Report: A 66-year-old man underwent right pneumonectomy plus nodal dissection 2a for right hilar lung cancer and was diagnosed with an EGFR exon21 L858R mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Three years later, pleural dissemination was observed in the right chest wall. Although erlotinib was continued for 52 months, new metastases to the right ribs were detected. Chest wall tumor resection was performed. Based on the World Health Organization classification, the patient was diagnosed with combined SCLC, with EGFR exon21 L858R and exon20 T790M mutation. The patient received 4 cycles of carboplatin plus etoposide, 14 cycles of amrubicin, and 2 cycles of irinotecan. Chemotherapy continued for 25 months. Conclusions: Long-term survival was achieved by chemotherapy after transformation. Since EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer shows a variety of acquired resistances, it is important to consider the treatment strategy of performing re-biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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47. Association between waterpipe smoking and lung cancer: a multicentre case–control study in Iran.
- Author
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Rashidian, H., Hadji, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Bakhshi, M., Nejatizadeh, A., Marzban, M., Rezaianzadeh, A., Seyyedsalehi, M.S., Moradi, A., Gholipour, M., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Freedman, N.D., Malekzadeh, R., Etemadi, A., Kamangar, F., Weiderpass, E., Pukkala, E., Boffetta, P., and Zendehdel, K.
- Subjects
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RISK assessment , *SMOKING , *SEX distribution , *RESIDENTIAL patterns , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *AGE distribution , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *LUNG tumors , *RESEARCH , *CASE-control method , *PUBLIC health , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *TOBACCO products , *OPIUM , *DATA analysis software , *EVALUATION , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
This study investigated the association between lung cancer and waterpipe smoking, which is an emerging global public health concern. Multicentre case-control study. This study included 627 cases and 3477 controls from the Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (IROPICAN) study, which was conducted between 2017 and 2020. One frequency-matched control for each lung cancer patient was selected by age, gender and residential place; however, this study used controls of four cancer types in the analyses. The multivariable logistic regression model estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additional analyses were performed among 181 lung cancer cases and 2141 controls who were not cigarette smokers or opium or nass/pipe users. The odds of lung cancer were higher among waterpipe smokers than never-smokers (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.7). Results showed a higher OR of lung cancer for those who smoked the waterpipe daily (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.0), smoked more than two heads per day (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8–4.0), had smoked for >20 years (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.7), smoked more than 20 head-years (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.9–4.1) and initiated smoking before the age of 30 years (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5). The association was only statistically significant for squamous cell carcinomas (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7). Furthermore, this study observed a higher OR of lung cancer among exclusive waterpipe smokers (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.5). Waterpipe smoking was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The association was stronger with higher frequency, duration and intensity of exposure to waterpipe smoking. The association increases in exclusive waterpipe smokers, which is likely due to controlling for residual confounding by cigarette smoking and opium consumption, and higher exposure levels in this subpopulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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48. Closing the RCT Gap—A Large Meta-Analysis on the Role of Surgery in Stage I–III Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.
- Author
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Doerr, Fabian, Stange, Sebastian, Salamon, Sophie, Grapatsas, Konstantinos, Baldes, Natalie, Michel, Maximilian, Menghesha, Hruy, Schlachtenberger, Georg, Heldwein, Matthias B., Hagmeyer, Lars, Wolf, Jürgen, Roessner, Eric D., Wahlers, Thorsten, Schuler, Martin, Hekmat, Khosro, and Bölükbas, Servet
- Subjects
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TREATMENT of lung tumors , *META-analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *LUNG tumors , *INFERENTIAL statistics , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *TUMOR classification , *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Simple Summary: Despite guidelines recommending surgery as part of treatment for stage I small cell lung cancer (SCLC), its application remains inconsistent, and its role in stages II and III is under debate. In absence of current randomized control trials this meta-analysis compared surgery to non-surgical treatment for stages I to III SCLC. After a systematic review, ten studies with a total of 95,323 patients were analyzed. The analysis found no significant differences in patient characteristics between the surgery and non-surgery groups. The 5-year survival rate for resected patients was significantly higher compared to non-surgically treated patients. This finding was valid also for patients in stages II and III. Surgery might significantly improve survival in SCLC patients and should be considered in treatment planning even in higher stages. Introduction: Despite clear guideline recommendations, surgery is not consistently carried out as part of multimodal therapy in stage I small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The role of surgery in stages II and III is even more controversial. In the absence of current randomized control trials (RCT), we performed a meta-analysis comparing surgery versus non-surgical treatment in stage I to III SCLC patients. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on 1 July 2023, focusing on studies pertaining to the impact of surgery on small cell lung cancer (SCLC). These studies were evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. Statistical analyses, including I² tests, Q-statistics, DerSimonian-Laird tests, and Egger regression, were performed to assess the data. In addition, 5-year survival rates were analyzed. The meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA standards. Results: Among the 6826 records identified, 10 original studies encompassing a collective cohort of 95,323 patients were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was observed across the included studies, with no discernible indication of publication bias. Analysis of patient characteristics revealed no significant differences between the two groups (p-value > 0.05). The 5-year survival rates in a combined analysis of patients in stages I–III were 39.6 ± 15.3% for the 'surgery group' and 16.7 ± 12.7% for the 'non-surgery group' (p-value < 0.0001). SCLC patients in stages II and III treated outside the guideline with surgery had a significantly better 5-year survival compared to non-surgery controls (36.3 ± 20.2% vs. 20.2 ± 17.0%; p-value = 0.043). Conclusions: In the absence of current RCTs, this meta-analysis provides robust suggestions that surgery might significantly improve survival in all SCLC stages. Non-surgical therapy could lead to a shortening of life. The feasibility of surgery in non-metastatic SCLC should always be evaluated as part of a multimodal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Therapeutic Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Limited Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Decade of Analysis at a Tertiary Cancer Center.
- Author
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Ziegler, David Alexander, Cleve, Cecilia Christiane, Ziegler, Sonia, Schirmer, Markus Anton, Fischer, Laura Anna, Bohnenberger, Hanibal, Overbeck, Tobias Raphael, Braulke, Friederike, Hammerstein-Equord, Alexander von, Leu, Martin, Guhlich, Manuel, Dröge, Leif Hendrik, Rieken, Stefan, Rittmeyer, Achim, and El Shafie, Rami A.
- Subjects
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THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents , *RADIOTHERAPY , *CISPLATIN , *SEX distribution , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *TERTIARY care , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *CANCER patients , *CARBOPLATIN , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *METASTASIS , *CANCER chemotherapy , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ETOPOSIDE , *LUNG tumors , *SMALL cell carcinoma , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *INDIVIDUALIZED medicine , *BRAIN tumors , *OVERALL survival , *HEALTH care teams , *MIDDLE age , *OLD age - Abstract
Simple Summary: The evaluation of therapeutic approaches over a decade at a tertiary cancer center in Germany was undertaken due to the frequent and critical discussions surrounding the selection of chemotherapy regimens and the incorporation of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in the management of limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). We found significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between patients treated with carboplatin and etoposide (CP) and those treated with cisplatin and etoposide (EP), with EP showing better outcomes. Concomitant chemotherapy was also associated with improved PFS and OS. Notably, PCI was found to significantly improve OS and showed a trend towards improved PFS. Female patients had better OS, and the type of chemotherapy and PCI remained independent predictors of survival. This research provides valuable insights into treatment patterns, outcomes, and survival predictors for LD-SCLC, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment approaches and the potential benefits of PCI. However, the study's retrospective nature and sample-size limitations should be considered, highlighting the need for further prospective studies in this field. In this study, we investigated the outcomes and factors influencing treatment efficacy in 93 patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), with a median age of 64 years. We focused on the impact of chemotherapy regimens, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), and patient-related variables. The median follow-up for OS was 17.3 months. We observed a statistically significant difference in PFS between LD-SCLC patients treated with cisplatin and etoposide (EP) and those treated with carboplatin and etoposide (CP) (PFS: EP 13.63 months vs. CP 6.54 months, p < 0.01). Patients treated with EP had better overall survival (OS) than CP-treated patients (OS: EP 26.9 months vs. CP 16.16 months, p < 0.01). Concomitant chemotherapy was associated with improved PFS (p = 0.003) and OS (p = 0.002). Patients receiving PCI showed superior OS (p = 0.05) and a trend towards improved PFS (p = 0.057). Female gender was associated with better OS (p = 0.025). Most patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 (71%). This real-world study underscores the importance of multidisciplinary LD-SCLC management, emphasizing the roles of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and PCI. These findings inform personalized treatment strategies and emphasize the need for prospective trials to validate these results and optimize LD-SCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Evaluation of a multiparametric renal CT algorithm for diagnosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma among small (≤ 4 cm) solid renal masses.
- Author
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Eldihimi, Fatma, Walsh, Cynthia, Hibbert, Rebecca M., Nasibi, Khalid Al, Pickovsky, Jana Sheinis, and Schieda, Nicola
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- *
SMALL cell carcinoma , *DIAGNOSIS , *RENAL biopsy , *RENAL cell carcinoma - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a recently proposed CT-based algorithm for diagnosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) among small (≤ 4 cm) solid renal masses diagnosed by renal mass biopsy. Methods: This retrospective study included 51 small renal masses in 51 patients with renal-mass CT and biopsy between 2014 and 2021. Three radiologists independently evaluated corticomedullary phase CT for the following: heterogeneity and attenuation ratio (mass:renal cortex), which were used to inform the CT score (1–5). CT score ≥ 4 was considered positive for ccRCC. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated for each reader and overall using fixed effects logistic regression modelling. Results: There were 51% (26/51) ccRCC and 49% (25/51) other masses. For diagnosis of ccRCC, area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.61–0.76), 78% (68–86%), 59% (46–71%), and 67% (54–79%), respectively. CT score ≤ 2 had a negative predictive value 97% (92–99%) to exclude diagnosis of ccRCC. For diagnosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), CT score ≤ 2, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV were 0.89 (0.81–0.98), 81% (58–94%), 98% (93–99%), and 85% (62–97%), respectively. Pooled inter-observer agreement for CT scoring was moderate (Fleiss weighted kappa = 0.52). Conclusion: The CT scoring system for prediction of ccRCC was sensitive with a high negative predictive value and moderate agreement. The CT score is highly specific for diagnosis of pRCC. Clinical relevance statement: The CT score algorithm may help guide renal mass biopsy decisions in clinical practice, with high sensitivity to identify clear-cell tumors for biopsy to establish diagnosis and grade and high specificity to avoid biopsy in papillary tumors. Key Points: • A CT score ≥ 4 had high sensitivity and negative predictive value for diagnosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) among solid ≤ 4-cm renal masses. • A CT score ≤ 2 was highly specific for diagnosis of papillary RCC among solid ≤ 4-cm renal masses. • Inter-observer agreement for CT score was moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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