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Background/Aim. Scuba diving is one of the sports with the fastest growing popularity. Nowadays doctors of dental medicine meet divers-patients in their offices more often. Treatment of these patients has some specific features that are related to difficulties in the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles and soft tissues of the oral cavity. A set of those complaints represent a condition called „diver's mouth syndrome“. Most scuba divers complain of temporomandibular joint and the masticatory muscles pain; inadequate mouthpieces can exacerbate temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) even when its symptoms are not present in everyday life. The aim of this research was to find a decent substitute for a fully customised mouthpiece, that are not present at our market, to discover the qualities of a good mouthpiece and establish prevalence of TMD among divers. Methods. This study included 30 scuba divers. Scuba divers filled out the questionnaire before diving, then dived twice with each of the 3 different commercial mouthpieces provided for this research (Mares Universal, Seac sub, Mares LiquidSkin (Universal Mares, Seac sub, Mares LiquidSkin). After diving, they filled out the second part of the questionnaire and so they performed an assessment of the mouthpiece and gave insight into the prevalence of TMD symptoms caused by using the mouthpiece. Results. According to the average score of satisfaction (the least present symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and numbness of the masticatory muscles and the jaw joint), this research proved Mares LiquidSkin mouthpieces to be the best out of the 3 commercial mouthpieces. For its use, average satisfaction score among participants was 7.07 (out of 10) and none of the divers reported jaw and muscle stiffness during and after the dive with this mouthpiece. The smallest percentage of participants reported pain in the orofacial region and discomfort while swallowing when used it in comparison with other mouthpieces. The anatomy and material of the mouthpieces turned out to be an extremely important factor. Conclusion. Several factors contribute to a good mouthpiece design; the choice of material, its elasticity and softness, the thickness and length of the interdental bite platform and the width of the oral screen that is inserted into the vestibule. The preferred material should be soft silicone. The interdental bite platforms should support the posterior teeth and the oral screen should fit the jaws and not be too wide.

In the course of a systematic training process of table tennis players, the basis of planning and programming training is an analysis of competitive activity and monitoring the psychomotor level of players. On the basis of this analysis, significant guidelines are identified for initial and stage-developed selection in table tennis, as well as the information on the basis of which it is possible to plan and program the training process. Assessment of morphological characteristics and motor abilities can help the development of talented tennis players. The aim of this research was to determine differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities of cadet table tennis players and children of pupils non-athletes. Research is performed on the sample of 49 male adolescent examinees from AP Vojvodina, 24 of whom are table tennis players belonging to five clubs, whereas 25 are 7th-grade students of elementary school OŠ "Sveti Sava" from Kikinda. For assessment of morphological characteristics three measures are applied, whilst nine tests are used to determine motor abilities. The occurrence of statistically significant differences is determined by means of multivariant and univariant analysis of variance for motor abilities, and the t-test for morphological characteristics. Based on the analysis of the results of differences in anthropometric variables using an independent t test, a similar level of growth of long tubular bones, state of nutrition and body weight of two analyzed subunits can be noted (p> .05). No statistically significant differences were found in the three analyzed anthropometric variables: body height, body mass, BMI. Based on Wilks λ values, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference (P = 0.00) between the table tennis players of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and boys from Kikinda who are not engaged in sports in terms of their motor abilities, taking into account the whole system of applied variables. Table tennis players tend to be different from non-athletes in terms of significantly better coordination, explosive strength, and the speed of individual movements, as well as the static strength of arms and shoulder girdle and repetitive strength of trunk, which could be correlated with the structure of table tennis play and transformations attributable to the effects of systematic training and every-day engagement in sports activities.

Analyzing gender differences in abilities and characteristics of importance for physical education enables more efficient planning in physical education. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are statistically significant differences morphological characteristics and motor abilities between primary-school girls and boys. The sample comprised of 70 participants (36 males and 34 females), aged 9 - 10, who attended the Primary school "Mića Stojkovic" in Umčari. Two anthropometric measures and eight motoric tests were applied. The significance of gender differences in morphological variables has been tested by the t-test for independent samples while differences in motor variables have been tested by multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. No statistically significant gender differences were detected in body height and weight. The multivariate analysis revealed a significant overall difference in the motor domain between girls and boys. At the univariate level, significant gender differences were identified in 30-meters run from the standing start, Flexed-arm hang, The medicine ball (1 kilogram) throw from supine position, 6-minutes run, all in favor of the boys, and in Setting the ball against the wall and Seat and reach, favoring the girls. Boys showed a higher level of strength, running speed and aerobic endurance while girls performed better in coordination and flexibility tests. The results might be explained by gender differences in physical activity level, body shape and composition, attention to instruction etc.

Morphological characteristics play a significant role as a part of monitoring talented young football players. Success of the training process depends on understanding structure of individual anthropological abilities and characteristics of athletes, as well as their development in different stages of ontogenic growth. The aim of this research is to analyze differences in certain morphological characteristics between football players of younger and older pioneers. The examinee sample consisted of 60 football players of different age categories of the Football Club 'Vojvodina', as follows: 30 younger pioneers (11.5±0.5 years) and 30 older pioneers (13.5±0.5 years). In order to determine differences in certain morphological characteristics of younger and older pioneer football players, 11 anthropometric characteristics were measured according to the International Biological Program. Differences between morphological characteristics were determined by means of canonical discriminant analysis. Significant differences in morphological characteristics indicate that the two groups differ from each other, whilst the most significant differentiation factor was leg length. Significant increase in morphological characteristics with age indicate that boys have adequate growth and development for their age.

For a large number of sports disciplines generally known morphological structure that most influence the sporty performance, although, no doubt, the coefficients of participation of some morphological dimension in the equation specification changes in development techniques and tactics and modern world achievements in a particular sport. It was determined that the anthropological characteristics, each in its own way, the important task of training in solving with football players (Malacko i Radosav 1985). The aim of this research was to determine differences in the morphological characteristics between of football pioneer and elementary school pupils. In a sample of 196 subjects, the average age of 12:45 ± 0.03 years, there was a comparison of morphological characteristics. The first group consisted of 82 players - Pioneers FC 'Red Star' from Belgrade and the other 114 elementary school pupils from Novi Sad. A sample of five measures for the evaluation of morphological characteristics were: body height, body weight, circumference of chest, waist circumference and volume of the thigh. Comparison of morphological characteristics of young soccer players and elementary school pupils was carried out by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analysis of morphological characteristics of young soccer players and elementary school pupils found that there were no statistically significant differences.

Morphological characteristics define a man based on his features, usually using appropriate anthropometric measures. Morphological characteristics of this study are based on a bio-psycho-social status of the man in the broadest sense. Monitoring the morphological characteristics is subject to a number of scientific disciplines. The morphological characteristics and their knowledge are used for correct selection and application of physical exercises and proper load determination in training. Morphological characteristics of the long term change primarily in terms of increasing longitudinal dimension. This phenomenon is called the acceleration of growth and development. The aim of the research is to analyze differences in morphological characteristics football players older pioneers and cadets. The sample comprised a total of 60 football players of different age categories FC 'Vojvodina', as follows: older youths (13.5 ± 0.5 years) - 30 members and cadets (15.5 ± 0.5 years) - 30 pts. In order to determine the differences in morphological characteristics of youth football players measured 11 anthropometric measures according to the International Biological Program. Differences in morphological characteristics of youth football players were determined by means of canonical discriminant analysis. The results indicate that these two groups differ in morphological characteristics. Distinguishing groups has contributed most to the difference in body weight.

According to the nature of scientific research, this study belongs to the category of empirical, while according to the purpose of undertaking represents applied, that, applied research that aims to acquire new knowledge and information necessary for practical application in the field of tennis, and more broadly in the practice of teaching in educational institutions (Bala, 2007). In terms of temporal specificity research is transversal character, and consists of a one-time measurement of appropriate morphological characteristics of young tennis players. In relation to the degree of control, this scientific research belongs to the category of field research that was conducted in natural living conditions (Bala, 2007). The aim of this research was directed toward determining the differences in morphological characteristics depending on the sex. The sample consisted of 51 subjects aged 7 years (± 6 months), of which 23 boys and 28 girls enrolled in school tennis TK 'Palic 1878' from Palic. For the evaluation of morphological characteristics applied 9 anthropometric measures that defined longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of the skeleton and the volume and mass of the body, measured according to the International Biological Program. Differences in morphological characteristics of players of different sexes were determined by using multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance. On the basis of the research it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between subjects of different sexes in terms of their morphological characteristics. Changes in morphological characteristics can be attributed to the influence of the growth and development of the organism. The research results indicate faster growth of long tubular bones in boys. In recent years there has been the acceleration of these characteristics in comparison to the earlier generation of children, because they are boys and less girls, higher in the same period of life than previous generations, when viewed in the context of the same age (Eliakim et al., 2003).

Background/Aim. Nasal obstruction is one of the most frequent disorders because of which patients see their Ear, Nose and Throath (ENT) doctors. Impaired nose breathing is a subjective symptom and it often does not coincide with clinical nose findings and functional tests of breathing function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish if there is an accordance between a subjective nose breathing assessment and objective methods (rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry) in assessing nose breathing function in patients with diverse nasal septum deformity degrees, as well as to establish an accordance between these two objective methods. Methods. This study involved the total of 90 examinees divided into three groups. The group I consisted of examinees with nasal septum deformities less than 10º. The group II consisted of examinees with nasal septum deformities ranged from 10º to 15º. The group III involved examinees with nasal septum deformities over 15º. Each examinee had subjectively graded his/her nasal breathing on the side of the nose septum deformity from 0 to 10, and afterwards the whole noses. Rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry were done on the side of the nasal septum deformities and after that on the other side of the nose using the Interacoustics SRE 2000 device. Results. In the groups II and III there was a positive correlation between a subjective nose breathing assessment and rhinomanometric values both on the side of the nasal septum deformities and the nose as a whole, (p < 0.05), and no correlation between these traits in the group I (p > 0.05). In none of the examined groups correlation was found between a subjective nose breathing assessment and rhinometric values, both minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) and volume (VOL), both on the side of the nasal septum deformities and the nose as a whole (p > 0.05). There was no correlation found between rhinomanometric and rhinometric MCA and VOL values in either on the sides of nasal septum deformities or the nose as a whole in any of the examined groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Rhinomanometry significantly correlates with the subjective nose breathing assessment and it can be used as a reliable and objective indicator of nose breathing in everyday clinical practice. Acoustic rhinometry, on the other hand, which does not correlate with a subjective nose breathing assessment could have a greater significance in a scientific sense than in clinical applying.

Background/Aim. The main role of physical education is health and educational practices of cadets and all-round personality development. Instruction executing is successful only when the set requirements are realized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical education in order to rise physical capabilities of the Military Academy cadets during a 4-year education. Methods. The study was conducted in the Military Academy, Belgrade. A total of 120 cadets who at the beginning of the study were 19 years ± 6 months and at the end 23 years ± 6 months were included in this study. The study used the following tests for verification and assessment of physical fitness: pull-ups, lifting the trunk from the ground, standing long jump seats, running at 1,600 m and overcoming the infantry obstacles. The data were analyzed using statistical programs to calculate the central and dispersion parameters. The difference in the achieved results in the individual variables were evaluated by the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the differences in the system variables by region were identified by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and discriminant analysis. The group membership was determined using profile analysis. Results. There were statistically significant differences in all the tests to evaluate the effectiveness of physical education during a 4-year study, except in the standing long jump test. The best average results in motor capabilities tests, were achieved after two years of study, while in the endurance tests showed the best results achieved at the end of a 4-years studying. Conclusion. The results of overcoming specific tests for the physical abilities of the Military Academy cadets show that the physical education curriculum only slightly improves the development of physical skills of cadets during a 4-year study. The existing program shows the best results in the pull-ups test of the ground troops, and the worst in the multiple motor control tests (endurance, strength and speed).

Thorough knowledge of anthropological characteristics of athletes that achieve superior results may show which direction one should take during selection and training process. The aim of this research was to perform a comparative analysis of morphological characteristics of two generations of football players. The sample comprised 54 players aged 23.74 years, who are members of FK Vojvodina Novi Sad divided into two groups. The first group consists of 26 players aged 24.57±2,55 years from the season 2004/2005, while the second group of 28 players aged 22.96±2,86 years from the season 2010/2011. Sample measures for the evaluation of morphological characteristics are: height, weight, ideal body weight, muscle and fat component. The first group of players has higher values of body height, ideal body weight and muscle components, and less body weight and significantly lower values of fat component.

Background/Aim. Obesity is the most common disease of nutrition and is the consequence of reduced movement. Unfortunately, this problem is increasingly present in juvenile age, so that the pediatric outpatient offices are dominated by obese young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the effects of the reducing treatment for juvenile obesity conducted by programmed physical exercise and controlled diet. Methods. We tested a sample of 136 respondents of both sexes (76 girls and 60 boys) aged 13 ± 0.6 years. This prospective study took 3 months in 2007 using the experimental methods of longitudinal weather precision. The data obtained after the measurement were processed by the use of statistical programs to calculate the basic and dispersion parameters. To determine the difference between the initial and final measurements we applied the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences in the variables system in the space were determined by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results. The results of ANOVA in the form of F values indicated that the differences between the initial and final measurements in all parameters of circumference dimensionality and subcutaneous fat tissue are significant (p = 0.00). Also, differences in parameters of body constitution and indicators of alimentation showed a high statistical significance (p = 0.00). The results of multivariante analysis (MANOVA), using Wilk's Lambda test, also indicated that the differences between initial and final measurements in the area of anthropometric measures and indicators of alimentation and constitution, were statistically significant (p = 0.00). Conclusion. Application of physical exercise and controlled diet leads to a significant reduction of anthropometric parameters and anthropological indicators of alimentation.

Knowledge of the structure of some anthropological abilities and characteristics of sportsmen as well as their development represent the basic condition for successful management of the process of sports training. The aim of this research is to determine mass and volume of a body of young footballers. The sample of examinees consists of 120 footballers of different age categories from 'Vojvodina' football club, namely: junior pioneers (aged 11-12) - 30 examinees, senior pioneers (aged 13-14) - 30 examinees, cadets (aged 15-16) - 30 examinees and youth (aged 17-18) - 30 examinees. For transversal skeleton dimension, young footballers were measured for shoulder width and pelvic width. For the assessment of mass and volume of a body are measured body mass, the volume of upper leg, the volume of lower leg, the volume of chest, the volume of stomach, skin fold of tomach and skin fold of upper arm. The testing of significant differences between footballers of different age categories as well as deviation from expected values were calculated by 't-test' and univariate variance analysis (ANOVA). On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that average results show a general tendency of increase of results of weight and volume of the body from younger to older age categories. Variable measures show that youth examinees are the most homogenous while senior pioneers are the most heterogenous.

Background/Aim. In order to determine the moment of creation of postural disorders, regardless of the causes of this problem, it is necessary to examine the moment of entry of children into a new environment, ie. in kindergarten or school. There is a weak evidence about the age period when foot deformity occurs, and the type of these deformities. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the occurrence of foot deformities and age characteristics of girls. Methods. The research was conducted in preschools 'Radosno detinjstvo' in the region of Novi Sad, using the method of random selection, on the sample of 272 girls, 4-7 years of age, classified into four strata according to the year of birth. To determine the foot deformities measurement technique using computerized digitized pedografy (CDP) was applied. Results. In preschool population girls pes transversoplanus and calcanei valga deformities occurred in a very high percentage (over 90%). Disturbed longitudinal instep ie flat feet also appeared in a high percentage, but we noted the improvement of this deformity according to increasing age. Namely, there was a statistically significant correlation between the age and this deformity. As a child grows older, the deformity is lower. Conclusion. This study confirmed that the formation of foot arches probably does not end at the age of 3-4 years but lasts until school age.

Background/Aim. It is well known that physical activity has an anabolic effect on bone tissue. But there is a lack of information about the effect of intensive physical activity in childhood, particularly at the prepubertal stage. To examine the influence of training on body composition and bone mineral density we have studied a group of prepubertal soccer players as well as a group of inactive prepubertal boys at the starting phase of their peak bone mass acquisition. Methods. A total of 62 healthy prepubertal boys took part in this study. They were divided into two groups. The first one consisted of 32 soccer players (aged 10.7 ± 0.5 years), who had been playing football for at least 1 year (10-15 h per week). The second group a control group 30 boys (aged 11.2 ± 0.7 years) doing 1.5 h per week physical activity at school. Body composition was assessed by a Body Fat Analyzer 'BES 200 Z'. Bone mineral density measurements of the left and the right calcaneus were done by using ultrasound densitometer 'Sahara' (Hologic, Inc., MA, USA). Results. There were significant differences between soccer players and the control group in fat mass (p = 0.01). Besides, a significant difference was determined between the group of athletes and the control group in bone mineral density of both calcaneal bones (p = 0.01). Conclusion. The results of this study confirm the significant effects of physical activity on reducing body mass and increasing bone density. Considering that football training can be very easily implemented in the broader population of children and young people, which does not apply to many other sports, it should be used more in the prevention of obesity and osteoporosis.

Introduction. Anterior tibial muscle hernia is the most frequent lower extremities muscle hernia. The aim of this paper was to present a possibility of a new surgical technique for anterior tibial muscle hernia reparation. Case report. We presented three cases of anterior tibial muscle hernia in adolescents. The cases were diagnosed clinically and ultrasonographycally. In all three cases reconstruction was done with periosteal patch plasty of fascial defect. Conclusions. Easy approachable, cheap, autologous material, periost, in the frame of periosteal patch plasty, could be one of the possible solutions in anterior tibial muscle hernia treatment.

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Physical education class presents an organised form of activities for children, in the educational system, as well as sport sections, school competitions, sport days. The fact is that the real situation is not often suitable for conducting the classes with specific teaching units, but schools generally have unsuitable space for physical education classes or do not have it at all. Under such technical and material conditions or without them at all, expertise of a teacher comes to the fore. The skillfulness reflects in necessity of adjusting that is modifying the curriculum. The aim of the research is to determine differences between examinees in terms of anthropometry, depending on material and technical conditions and methods of class organization, i.e. curriculum implementation. The participants in the study were 142 adolescent, 17 years of age (± 6 months). In order to assess anthropometric features, 9 anthropometric measurements were used. Data processing was done by applying multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA); significance of difference was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), while differences among examinees of the experimental and the control group were determined by discriminant analysis. After the experimental treatment, it was determined that there was not statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control group within the anthropometric measures system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of dealing with top tennis is becoming increasingly a requirement for further development and planning of the sport, because without cooperation with other sciences, comparing results between groups and individuals, there is no possibility of achieving top results (Roetert, 2003). The aim of the research is to determine the difference between a tennis player Wawrinka and Nadal finalist of Australian Open in 2014 in the singlel competition. Methods: A sample of entities represented the seven matches and their statistics for the two tennis players, Wawrinka and Nadal with the last Australian Open is played open in tennis men's single competition. As a sample of observed parameters given of the 12 statistical indicators. Statistically significant difference between the two tennis players was analyzed by t-test. Results: Based on the analyzed parameters can be concluded that statistically significant differences in parameter Number of achieved aces, where Wawrinka was on average better for a little over nine aces per game (9.27 aces), in parameter Number of winners in the match, he was better for an average of 22.5 winners, while Nadal average was better in the parameter Percent of the loaded first service for 11.67% compared to Wawrinka. Discussion: Results of the research are somewhat consistent with the results of research carried out where it was determined that the statistical differences between the winners and losers are reflected in the following variables: the number of total points won, the number of unforced errors, the number of won winners, and there was no statistically significant difference in the variable number of double faults (Klassen et al, 2001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plyometrics is a training method that uses an overload (Chu, 1983), and the main purpose of plyometric training is the development of greater reactive force (Allerheiligen & Rogers, 1995). Sports physiologists agree that plyometrics includes specific exercises that cause significant stretching of muscles located below the eccentric contraction, and followed by a strong concentric contraction, which is used for the development of a strong movement in a short period of time (LaChance, 1995). The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the transformative effects of plyometric exercise program on the manifest dimension of strength, agility and speed running experimental group of players. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 players were aged 17.5 years (± 6 months), who were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 25EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON THE MOTOR ABILITIES OF TENNIS PLAYERS Plyometrics is a training method that uses an overload (Chu, 1983), and the main purpose of plyometric training is the development of greater reactive force (Allerheiligen & Rogers, 1995). Sports physiologists agree that plyometrics includes specific exercises that cause significant stretching of muscles located below the eccentric contraction, and followed by a strong concentric contraction, which is used for the development of a strong movement in a short period of time (LaChance, 1995). The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the transformative effects of plyometric exercise program on the manifest dimension of strength, agility and speed running experimental group of players. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 players were aged 17.5 years (± 6 months), who were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 25 tennis players TK "Gemaks" from Belgrade who represented the experimental group, while the second group included 25 tennis players TK "AS" from Belgrade who represented the control group. For evaluation of motor abilities used 4 tests. In order to determine differences between groups of respondents in the initial and final measurement was applied univariate analysis of variance. In order to determine the effect of training programs between the two tests was applied univariate analysis of covariance. Results: This research has proven that plyometric training, which was applied to a group of tennis players from Belgrade for a period of three months, youth ages contributed to improving their motor abilities, primarily explosive strength and agility. Discussion: Practice plyometric program combined with regular training for the development and improvement of techniques tennis game showed excellent results in order to improve the explosive leg strength, agility tennis players eksperimenatlne groups, and proved to be positive in working with junior tennis players ages. Research have shown that the development of explosive energy efficient stimulus muscle strain in the so-called. "Primetime" regime of strain that was applied through plyometric training tennis players experimental groups (Bacic et al, 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success in volleyball certainly depends on the morphological characteristics of the formed volleyball players, of which the basic body height and weight, which can be valorized in view of the current age of volleyball players (Marelić et al, 2008). As in all sports activities, as well as volleyball, no technical element can not be performed without adequate motor abilities and fully manifested without rational techniques of performing motion. The aim of this research is to determine whether there is a statistically significant correlation between certain anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities in relation to the agility of an isolated motor abilities that are the subject of this research. Methods: In a sample of 16 selected girls aged 14 to 16 years (cadet age) participating in the camp Becej 2006, were measured two anthropometric measures for evaluation of morphological characteristics, three tests for evaluation of motor abilities (both as predictor) and two tests for assessing agility (as criterion). The influence of some anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities on agility in young female volleyball players lities was performed by regression analysis. Results: It can be concluded that the system applied predictor variables showed no statistically significant association with variable Japan test, while the variable Jelka test a statistically significant correlation. Discussion: Based on the overall analysis of the obtained results it was discovered that the explosive power (long jump from the place) and the speed of individual movements (hand tapping) have a high level of correlation with agility were detected in female volleyball players, which is based on previous research (Vukovic, 1989) was and expected. Similar results were also other researchers (Webb and Lander, 1983; Negrete and Brophy, 2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: When talking about the disease in the first place are heart disease-coronary artery disease, wherein there is a narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Active lifestyle can slow, stop and even reverse the process of atherosclerosis. In this regard, it is known that increasing the inactivity of a 35% risk of developing hypertension, and subjects who are in poor physical condition are 52% greater risk of the disease than those who are in good shape (Sharkey & Gaskill, 2008). The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in body composition of women dealing with the combined group fitness programs compared to women who engaged in practicing the Pilates method. Methods: The sample consisted of females aged 30 to 50 years. The total sample in the study consisted of 130 subjects from the territory of Novi Sad. Physically active group consisted of 84 respondents, who were divided into two groups. The first group includes 34 women who exercised twice weekly Pilates for a period of one hour, for a period of one year. The second group consisted of 50 subjects who actively exercised at a fitness club "World Class," at least a year, combining a variety of group programs, at least three times a week. The range of training duration was from 30 to 60 minutes. The third group consisted of a sample of 46 subjects who did not engage in any physical activity. Results: The results it was concluded that the subjects who were involved in the combined training group have lower values of body mass index, fat mass and percentage fat mass in total body composition of women who exercised only one group program, or Pilates, and women who not engage in any recreational activity. Discussion: In current practice were determined effects of aerobics on morphological characteristics and functional abilities of trainees have, where they are statistically significant differences in body mass index and fat mass in favor of a person dealing with aerobics, which is the more common form of recreational exercise (Stojiljkovic et al, 2005). Regarding the influence of Pilates exercise on body composition, the results are divided. In a study where overweight women practiced this method for eight weeks, four times a week, there was a reduction of fat in the body (Cakmakci, 2011). References: Cakmakci, O. (2011). The Effect of 8 Week Plates Exercise on Body Composition in Obese Women. Collegium Antropologi-cum, 35(4), 1045-1050. Coggan, A. R., Spina, R. J., King, D. S., Rogers, M. A., Brown, M., Nemeth, P. M., Holloszy, J. O. (1992). Skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training in 60- to 70-yr-old men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 72 (5), 1780-1786. Kenedy, C., Yoke, M., (2005). Methods of group exercise instruction. Illinois: Human Kinetics. Latey, P. (2001). The Pilates method, history and philosophy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 5 (4), 275-282. Malnar, D., Šterbik, K., Fužinac-Smojever, A., Jerkovic, R., Bobinac, D. (2007). Pilates exercise technique. Medicine, 43, 241-245. Segal, N.A., Hein, J., Basford, J.R. (2004). The effects of Pilates training on flexibility and body composition: an observational study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 85(12), 1977-1981. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Football as a complete sport that is rich in a wide variety of possible movements classified in poli structural, sports complex. To be a football player was able to perform tasks football has, among other things, and have the necessary level of motor abilities that can be achieved only through systematic implementation of training physical training. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in some of the motor abilities between the two researched groups. Methods: In a sample of 196 subjects average age of 12.45 ± 0.03 years, made a comparison of motor abilities. The first group consisted of 82 players - Pioneers FC "Red Star" from Belgrade and the other 114 primary school pupils from Novi Sad. A sample of 9 tests of motor abilities were: long jump from the place, running 20 m, 60 m running, bend straddle the gray, endurance in pull-ups, polygon backwards, slalom with three balls, hand tapping and lifting troops. Comparison of motor abilities of young players and pupils of primary schools was carried out by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: An analysis of motor abilities between young players and primary school pupils were found statistically significant differences in all tested variables. Discussion: The research has shown that speed, endurance, coordination and muscle strength of the lower leg predominantly responsible for the success of matching the target foot at a distance, which is an integral part of the training process (Smajic and Molnar, 2007). It is also proven that there is a statistically significant correlation between the explosive and repetitive strength as a predictor of outcome-success rate for jumping in the air at youth players (Stankovic, 2011). References: Kuleš, B., Jerkovic, S. Maric, J. (1991). Influence of running different intentiteta to success in football. Kinesiology, 23 (1-2), 60-65. Malacko, J. (2000). Fundamentals of sports training - a quarter-supplemented and revised edition, Belgrade: Sports Academy. Miljkovic, Z., Jerkovic, S. and Šimenc, Z (2002). Evaluation of a model tracking the player of the attacking team and in terms of football matches. Kinesiology, 34 (1), 73-85. Smajić, M. and Molnar, S. (2007). Influence of morphological characteristics and basic motor skills-factor precision of target foot at a lesser distance. In XLVI Congress of Anthropological Society of Yugoslavia with international participation (26-31). Apatin: Anthropological Society of Yugoslavia. Stankovic, D. (2011). Strength as a predictor of success rezultat aske high jump. In Proceedings of the FIS komnikacije in sport, physical education and recreation, 232-238, Niš: Faculty of Sport and Physical Education. Vucetic, V., Ivanjko, A. Šentija, D. and Sedar, M. (2003). Speed endurance players, conditioning training of athletes. International Scientific Conference Proceedings. Zagreb: Faculty of Physical Education, University of Zagreb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tennis is polistructural activity acyclic type of movement. A large number of movement structures and situations in a tennis game (technical and tactical variants) indicates that the success of players determined by the level and structure of a large number of motor abilities, knowledge and qualities, of which some can be measured and analyzed. The measurement of these abilities and traits allows better planning, programming and control of the training process and to improve the sports form. The aim of the research was directed to determining the differences in motor abilities, of different sexes. Methods: The sample of 51 subjects aged 7 years (± 6 months), of which 23 boys and 28 girls tennis school participants TC "Palic" from Palic, carried out the measurement of motor abilities. The sample tests consisted of 12 tests: backward polygon, polygon with skipping and swiping, bat quickness, shooting horizontal objectives handed, shooting in the frame, target stick, keeping the ball with his hand, refusing racquet balls, fans, precision small vertical specific objectives, specific precision large vertical target, the specific objectives of the horizontal accuracy. Differences in motor abilities tennis players of different sexes was determined by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: On the basis of the research it can be concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between boys and girls in terms of treated motor abilities. Discussion: Tennis is characterized by a very large number of different techniques strokes and movements, which are mostly performed at maximum speed for a long time, and it is logical that the success in tennis affects a larger number of motor skills (Zmajić, 2003). Development of speed, agility and explosiveness is very important for success in a tennis game, because tennis game consists of a number of different explosive reaction to a variety of changes in the situation (McCarthy, 1998). References: Filipčić, A. Filipčić, T. (2005). Correlation meet their particular motor skills and competitive effectiveness young female tennis players. Kinesiology, 37, 164-172. Groppel, J.L, Loehr, J.E., Melville, D.S. & Quinn, AM (1989). Science of coaching tennis. Champain IL: Leisure Press, 2, 13-19. McCarthy, J. (1998). Tennis Pattern Running. Strength Cond. J., 20(3), 23 - 30. MacDougall, J., Wenger, H., & Green, H. (1991). Physiological Testing of the high-performance athlete. Champain IL: Human Kinetics, 4, 53-64. Rowland, T (2005). Developmental exercise physiology. Human Kinetics, 1, 55-64. Zmajić, H. (2003). Competitive tennis. Zagreb: Gopal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good knowledge of athletes and their abilities, that achieve superior results may be a landmark and milestone in what direction should be focused on selection and training process. The various disciplines determine the development of various motor abilities, and be for each sport to define their standards. Motor abilities are subject to weather changes, due to which standards have limited time. "Ideal team" is a set of best individuals in the starting lineup in a given season competition. The aim of this research was to perform the difference between "ideal teams" two generation of footballers in motor abilities. The sample comprised 54 players age 23.74 years, who are members of FK Vojvodina Novi Sad divided into two groups. The first group consists of 26 players aged 24.57±2,55 years from the season 2004/2005, while the second group of 28 players aged 22.96±2,86 years from the season 2010/2011. Sample measures for the evaluation of motor abilities are: deep forward bend, Abalakov test, push-ups and raising troops. To determine the difference between the two groups of players applied the t-test. Based on the conducted this study show that the two groups of respondents players statistically significantly different only in the test deep forward bend on the bench and better overall results achieved less more successful generation of footballers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allowed stimulating means of recovery are considered substances and physiological processes that act through the increase in performance athletes and to more efficient recovery and improvement of sports results, which are very difficult to achieve the usual training methods of training, and it can be considered useful until used as a supplement to training. If the rational use, it significantly increases the resistance of the organism in Training athletes and competition loads and favorably affect the elimination of general and local fatigue. The aim of the research consists of testing and analyzing the attitudes of different sports experience on the allowed means of stimulating recovery. The sample of examinees consists of 120 footballers of different sports experience (I group (62) - 4-8 years of sports experience, II group (58) - 9-14 years of sports experience). The sample of variables consists of the system of 10 attitudes (claims), and each attitude (claim) consists of 5 verbal categories (marked from -2 to +2). To determine multivariate and univariate significance of differences between footballers of different competition ranks multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been applied. Generally it can be concluded that players with less experience attach less importance to some of the allowed recovery stimulus, and that the level of information increases with sports experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good knowledge of athletes and their abilities, that achieve superior results may be a landmark and milestone in what direction should be focused on selection and training process. The various disciplines determine the development of various motor abilities, and be for each sport to define their standards. Motor abilities are subject to weather changes, due to which standards have limited time. The aim of this research was to perform comparative analysis of motor abilities of two generations of football players. The sample comprised 54 players age 23.74 years, who are members of FK Vojvodina Novi Sad divided into two groups. The first group consists of 26 players aged 24.57±2,55 years from the season 2004/2005, while the second group of 28 players aged 22.96±2,86 years from the season 2010/2011. Sample measures for the evaluation of morphological characteristics are: deep forward bend, Abalakov test, push-ups and raising troops. To determine the difference between the two groups of players applied the t-test. Two generations of football players tested, do not differentiate the average value of any variable applied but there was a tendency for the football players second groups showed generally higher values in all tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training exercises of recovery of sportsmen include both exercises implying higher level of training and exercises of optimal recovery of sportsmen. In order to use training exercises of recovery best way it is necessary to know how they react to the body of a sportsman concerning their character and length. It is also necessary to take into consideration the fact that human body adapts equally both to burden and adequate recovery exercises. To increase the efficiency of training exercises of recovery it is inevitable to use different exercises and methods changing their use, that is, they should be applied in a complex way considering their change depending on sport activities and structure of training process. The aim of the study is to check and analyse attitudes of football players of different age on training exercises of recovery. The sample of examinees consists of 120 players from nine different clubs from the area-level competition of the Football Association of Vojvodina (Serbian Super League = 43, first division = 40 Serbian and Serbian league = 37), which were divided into two groups according to age (group I (65 ) - 18-25 years age group II (55) - over 25 years of age). The sample of variables consists of the system of 10 attitudes (claims), and each attitude (claim) consists of 5 verbal categories (marked from -2 to +2). To determine the significance of differences between players of different ages multivariate analysis of variance were used (MANOVA), univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminative analysis and Roy's test. All sample of examinees is unique in a larger number attitudes towards the training exercises of recovery, determined statistical differences can be attributed to a better understanding of the recovery process by a group of older players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacground/Aim. In order to determine the moment of creation of postural disorders, regardless of the causes of this problem, it is necessary to examine the moment of entry of children into a new environment, ie. in kindergarten or school. There is a weak evidence about the age period when foot deformity occurs, and the type of these deformities. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the occurrence of foot deformities and age characteristics of girls. Methods. The research was conducted in preschools „Radosno detinjstvo" in the region of Novi Sad, using the method of random selection, on the sample of 272 girls, 4-7 years of age, classified into four strata according to the year of birth. To determine the foot deformities measurement technique using computerized digitized pedografy (CDP) was applied. Results. In preschool population girls pes transversoplanus and calcanei valga deformities occurred in a very high percentage (over 90%). Disturbed longitudinal instep ie flat feet also appeared in a high percentage, but we noted the improvement of this deformity according to increasing age. Namely, there was a statistically significant correlation between the age and this deformity. As a child grows older, the deformity is lower. Conclusion. This study confirmed that the formation of foot arches probably does not end at the age of 3-4 years but lasts until school age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. The aim of this paper was to determine the attitudes of physical education teachers and primary school teachers towards inclusive physical education in Serbia. Material and Methods. The research included 132 examinees of both genders: 59.09% females and 40.91% males. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale. The questionnaire dealt with teachers' previous experience, their qualifications for implementation of inclusive physical education, support and additional training for realization of inclusive physical education. Data were processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20. Normality distribution was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test, whilst the differences between groups (sexual dimorphism, environment, professional orientation) were examined using Mann- Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results. The findings showed that the average scores were inclined towards positive attitudes to inclusive physical education. The findings also showed that there was no statistically significant gender-related difference of attitudes between physical education teachers and primary school teachers. However, there was a statistically significant difference related to geographical background in terms of qualification levels (p = 0.02) for work with children with disorders and disabilities, as well in terms of additional training (p = 0.02) and professional orientation, since physical education teachers have less experience working with students with developmental disorders. Conclusion. Both physical education teachers and primary school teachers have positive attitudes towards inclusion. Physical education teachers have less experience working with challenged students than primary school teachers, therefore additional training programs may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Obesity is the most common disease of nutrition and is the consequence of reduced movement. Unfortunately, this problem is increasingly present in juvenile age, so that the pediatric outpatient offices are dominated by obese young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the effects of the reducing treatment for juvenile obesity conducted by programmed physical exercise and controlled diet. Methods. We tested a sample of 136 respondents of both sexes (76 girls and 60 boys) aged 13 ± 0.6 years. This prospective study took 3 months in 2007 using the experimental methods of longitudinal weather precision. The data obtained after the measurement were processed by the use of statistical programs to calculate the basic and dispersion parameters. To determine the difference between the initial and final measurements we applied the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences in the variables system in the space were determined by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results. The results of ANOVA in the form of F values indicated that the differences between the initial and final measurements in all parameters of circumference dimensionality and subcutaneous fat tissue are significant (p = 0.00). Also, differences in parameters of body constitution and indicators of alimentation showed a high statistical significance (p = 0.00). The results of multivariante analysis (MANOVA), using Wilk's Lambda test, also indicated that the differences between initial and final measurements in the area of anthropometric measures and indicators of alimentation and constitution, were statistically significant (p = 0.00). Conclusion. Application of physical exercise and controlled diet leads to a significant reduction of anthropometric parameters and anthropological indicators of alimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]