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ObjectivesCYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are biologically potential genes responsible for prostate cancer, but very few studies have reported on Bangladeshi population. Materials and methodsWeb-based bioinformatics tools were used to assessed the association of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genes with prostate cancer risks. A case-control study was also approved on 210 prostate cancer cases and 207 controls to determine the allelic variants of the CYP3A4 gene- rs2740574 (CYP3A4*1B) and the variant of CYP3A5 gene-rs776746 (CYP3A5*3) using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The risk of prostate cancer was estimated as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using unrestricted logistic regression models.ResultIn case of CYP3A4*1B polymorphism, the heterozygote (*1A/*1B), mutant (*1B/*1B), and combined heterozygote plus mutant (*1A/*1B+*1B/*1B) genotypes showed 3.52-fold (OR= 3.52, 95% CI= 1.38 to 9.02, p= 0.0086), 3.90-fold (OR= 3.90, 95%CI= 1.26 to 12.05, p= 0.0183) and 3.67-fold (OR= 3.67, 95%CI= 1.76 to 7.67, p= 0.0005) increased risk of prostate cancer, respectively. The variant CYP3A4*1B allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (OR= 3.60, 95%CI= 1.95 to 6.65, p=0.0001). In case of CYP3A5*3 polymorphism, the heterozygote (*1/*3), mutant (*3/*3) and combined (*1/*3+*3/*3) genotypes were found to be significantly associated with 5.11-, 5.49-, and 5.28-fold greater risk of prostate cancer, respectively (OR= 5.11, 95%CI= 2.54 to 10.31, p= 0.0001; OR= 5.49, 95%CI= 2.45 to 12.28, p= 0.0001; OR= 5.28, 95% CI= 2.65 to 10.50, p= 0.0001, respectively). The variant CYP3A5*3 allele revealed significant association with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer (OR= 4.78, 95%CI= 3.05 to 7.48, p= 0.0001).ConclusionOur results indicate that CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 are significantly associated with increased prostate cancer risk.

Supplemental material, Table_S1 for Genetic polymorphisms in CDH1 and Exo1 genes elevate the prostate cancer risk in Bangladeshi population by Hasnain Imtiaz, Sharmin Afroz, Md Amir Hossain, Sm Faysal Bellah, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Md Shahin Kadir, Razia Sultana, Md Abdul Mazid and Md Mustafizur Rahman in Tumor Biology

Supplemental material, Figure_S1 for Genetic polymorphisms in CDH1 and Exo1 genes elevate the prostate cancer risk in Bangladeshi population by Hasnain Imtiaz, Sharmin Afroz, Md Amir Hossain, Sm Faysal Bellah, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Md Shahin Kadir, Razia Sultana, Md Abdul Mazid and Md Mustafizur Rahman in Tumor Biology

Genetic polymorphism on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 gene and their associational susceptibility to prostate cancer was studied on Bangladeshi population, considering the importance of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 gene in detoxification of xenobiotics from physiological territory. In this case control regulated study, we focused on two allelic variants CYP3A4 rs2740574 (CYP3A4*1B) and CYP3A5 rs776746 (CYP3A5*3) applying Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Associational risk on prostate cancer was estimated as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using unconditional logistic regression models. An elevated prostate cancer risk was found with heterozygous, mutant and heterozygous plus mutant variants of CYP3A4*1B which is not statistically significant (p>0.05), whereas a significant association was found with heterozygous, mutant and heterozygous plus mutant variants of CYP3A5*3 (OR =4.36, 95%CI = 1.53 to 12.38, P =0.003; OR =3.85, 95%CI = 1.19 to 12.43, P = 0.017 and OR =4.13, 95%CI = 1.84 to 9.28, p =0.0006 respectively). The findings signposted a significant association of CYP3A5*3 gene and nullify the association of CYP3A4*1B gene’s polymorphism with prostate cancer risk in Bangladeshi subject.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 179-185, 2015 (December)

Breast cancer was the commonest cancer among the female patients who attended Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, which formed the second most common cancer worldwide. An expressive cross-sectional study was conceded out in NICRH. By convenience sampling, 322 female patients were selected. A design and well formatted pre-tested questionnaire was used to ask questions among the breast cancer patients. The objectives of the study was to investigate the distribution and determinants of breast cancer among the female patients admitted in NICRH. The period of the study was during July 2010 to June 2011. Majority (71 %) of the patients was in the age between 34 to 53 years and they were coming from rural areas. About 77 % respondents had experienced first menstruation in the age between 12 to 13 years. It was found that 42 % respondents gave their first child birth in between 21 to 25 years age and among all the respondent 64 % became pregnant up to 3 times. It also noted that 89 % respondents had practice to use oral contraceptives. While trying to get their history of contraceptive use; it was found that 42 % used contraception in between 4 to 6 years. In this study we found that 90 % of the respondent’s had the practice to breast fed their baby. But 24 % of the respondent’s have used HRT and among them 69 % had used it by ≤3 years. Around 56 % respondents had the parenchymal pattern of breast in mammography. Forty two percent respondent’s had the history of disease on breast cancer and 25 % had the history of benign breast cancer and also 2 % had the experiences to use radiation. This study explored the overall scenario of breast cancer among the patients admitted to NICRH in Bangladesh context; understanding the different type of determinants, risk factors to developing breast cancer and the distribution of patients in different area which will help to build up the national awareness. Measure should be taken immediately to detect the factors that were associated with breast cancer. This study was a very little one in respect of the national situation in our country and the result reflected only a fraction of the original condition. Broad based study in large population with sound methodology is required to find out real situation about this matter in Bangladesh.

CCL18 is a CC chemokine ligand 18, which is produced by Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs), that can stimulate the progressiveness, angiogenesis in breast cancer, as well as the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and it was originally discovered as pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC), dendritic cell (DC)-chemokine 1 (DC-CK1), alternative macrophage activation associated CC chemokine-1 (AMAC-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4). The potential functional receptor of CCL18 protein is PITPNM3 that facilitates CCL18 effect and stimulates the intracellular calcium signaling pathway. Worldwide, Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies among the females in both developed and also developing county. This study mainly focused on the role of CCL18 in the production of breast tumor as well as in the invasiveness of breast cancer. The data here suggest that CCL18 protein play an important role in the development of breast tumor and also progression in breast cancer. This knowledge could be helpful for the proposal of new therapeutic approaches particularly in breast cancer

Alstonia scholaris (Family: Apocynaceae) has been investigated for the assessment of the biological activities. The bark of Alstonia Scholaris were extracted with pet ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and methanol extract to afford 0.9 g, 0.8 g, 0.7 g, 3 g respectively for the test. We used crude pet ether, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride extract of the plant for the screening of antimicrobial activity against some selected organisms as bacteria and fungi by disc diffusion method. Out of all samples, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride extract showed strongest zone of inhibition and spectrum of activity. In vitro antioxidant activity of the extract of Alstonia scholaris was estimated by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay method. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay IC50 value of methanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris was found to be 39 g/ml which indicates mild to moderate antioxidant activity while Ascorbic acid was the standard drug. In the bioassay of brine shrimp lethality, the methanol extract showed an average of LC50 0.91 μg/ml. This indicated that the cytotoxicity exhibited by methanolic extract was very significant.

Objective: To investigate the phytochemical screening (group determination) and selected pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic activity) of the plant Sida cordifolia Linn (S. cordifolia). Methods: Eighty percent concentrated ethanol extract of the roots was used. To identify the chemical constituents of plant extract standard procedures were followed. In phytochemical screening the crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups like reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, gums, alkaloids and glycosides. The antioxidant property of ethanolic extract of S. cordifolia was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Analgesic activity of the extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice. Diclofenac sodium is used as reference standard drug for the analgesic activity test. Antibacterial activity of plant extract was carried out using disc diffusion method with five pathogenic bacteria comparison with kanamycin as a standard. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the roots of S. cordifolia indicated the presence of reducing sugar, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC50 value was found to be 50 μg/mL which was not comparable to the standard ascorbic acid. The crude extract produced 44.30% inhibition of writhing at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight which is statistically significant (P>0.001). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of the roots of S. cordifolia showed no antimicrobial activity against five types of microorganisms. The experiment was conducted only with five species of bacteria as test species, which do not at all indicate the total inactivity against micro-organisms. Conclusion: The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine but further pharmacological studies are required.

The polymorphisms of invasion suppressor gene CDH1 and DNA mismatch repair gene Exo1 have been reported to play critical role in the development, tumorigenesis, and progression of several kinds of cancers including prostate cancer. This study was designed to analyze the contribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CDH1 (-160C/A) and Exo1 (K589E) to prostate cancer susceptibility in Bangladeshi population. The study included 100 prostate cancer cases and age-matched 100 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the genetic polymorphisms. A significant association was found between CDH1 -160C/A (rs16260) and Exo1 (rs1047840, K589E) polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. In case of CDH1 -160C/A polymorphism, the frequencies of the three genotypes C/C,C/A, and A/A were 45%, 48%, and 7% in cases and 63%, 32%, and 5% in controls, respectively. The heterozygote C/A genotype and combined C/A + A/A genotypes showed 2.10-fold (odds ratio = 2.1000, 95% confidence interval = 1.2956–4.0905, p = 0.013) and 2.08-fold (odds ratio = 2.0811, 95% confidence interval = 1.1820–3.6641, p = 0.011) increased risk of prostate cancer, respectively, when compared with homozygous C/C genotypes. The variant A allele also was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio = 1.6901, 95% confidence interval = 1.0740–2.6597, p = 0.0233). In case of Exo1 (K589E) polymorphism, G/A heterozygote, A/A homozygote, and combined G/A + A/A genotypes were found to be associated with 2.30-, 4.85-, and 3.04-fold higher risk of prostate cancer, respectively (odds ratio = 2.3021, 95% confidence interval = 2.956–4.0905, p = 0.0031; odds ratio = 4.8462, 95% confidence interval = 1.0198–23.0284, p = 0.0291; OR = 3.0362, 95% confidence interval = 1.7054–5.4053, p = 0.0001, respectively). The “A” allele showed significant association with increased susceptibility (2.29-fold) to prostate cancer (odds ratio = 2.2955, 95% confidence interval = 1.4529–3.6270, p = 0.0004). Our results suggest that CDH1 -160C/A and Exo1 K589E polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer in Bangladeshi population.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death among males in present world. The polymorphisms of invasion suppressor gene CDH1 and DNA mismatch repair gene Exo1 have been reported to play a critical role in the tumorigenesis, development, and prognosis of several kinds of cancers, including prostate cancer in some countries. The present study was designed to analyze the contribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the CDH1 (-160C/A) and Exo1 (K589E) to prostate cancer susceptibility in Bangladeshi population. Methods: The study included 100 prostate cancer cases and age-matched 100 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to determine the genetic polymorphisms. Results: A significant association was found between CDH1 -160 C/A (rs16260) and Exo1 (K589E) polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. In case of CDH1 -160C/A (rs16260) polymorphism, the frequencies of the three genotypes C/C, C/A, and A/A were 45, 48, and 7% in cases vs. 63, 32, and 5% in controls, respectively. The frequency of C/A heterozygote and combined C/A+A/A genotypes was found to be significantly associated (OR=2.1000, 95% CI= 1.2956. to 4.0905 p=0.013; OR=2.0811, 95% CI= 1.1820-3.6641, p= 0.011, respectively) with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer. The variant A allele also increased the risk of prostate cancer (OR=1.6901, 95% CI= 1.0740 to 2.6597, p= 0.0233). In case of Exo1 (K589E) polymorphism, G/A heterozygote, A/A homozygote, and combined G/A+A/A genotypes were found to be strongly associated (OR= 2.3021, 95% CI=2956. to 4.0905, p=0.0031; OR= 4.8462, 95% CI=1.0198 to 23.0284, p=0.0291; OR= 3.0362, 95% CI=1.7054 to 5.4053, p=0.0001, respectively) with prostate cancer risk. The “A” allele frequency was also found to be significantly associated with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer (OR=2.2955, 95% CI= 1.4529-3.6270, p= 0.0004). Conclusions: Results of our present study suggest that CDH1 -160 C/A and Exo1 K589E polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer in Bangladeshi population. Citation Format: Hasnain Imtiaz, Sharmin Afroz, Md. Amir Hossain, Sm Faysal Bellah, Md. Mustafizur Rahman. The study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer patient of Bangladeshi population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A094.