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In contemporary Europe, support for autochthonous minority languages is expressed by displaying messages in these languages alongside messages in the majority language(s) on public signs, such as road signs, street signs, signs on the buildings of public institutions etc. Such form of support is part of explicit language policies at the national level in a number of countries of Europe as well as at the Council of Europe level. This study deals with the implementation of these policies and their reception by the local populations in Wales, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Croatia. The responses to the presence of minority languages on signs vary and have a number of motivations. The qualitative analysis presented in this study has identified several features as significant for the implementation of bilingual signage and its reception across the research locations: (1) decentralization of public administration, (2) ethnicization of language policies, (3) territoriality of signage, (4) collective historical memory, (5) bilingual sign design and (6) the indexical vs. symbolic functions of bilingual signage.

Práce se věnuje managementu bilingvismu v situaci jazykového posunu, tj. tomu, jak se jednotlivci a organizace chovají vůči dvojjazyčnosti, jak s ní zacházejí, a to v situaci, kdy společnost přechází od užívání jednoho jazyka k jazyku jinému. Práce se konkrétně zaměřuje na vybrané, dosud méně zkoumané aspekty současné jazykové situace v Bělorusku. Analyzované aspekty zahrnují: 1) geosémiotiku a management jazykového posunu na nápisech ve veřejném prostoru, 2) management jazykových problémů se zaměřením na školství a 3) snahy o obrácený jazykový posun k běloruštině. Pozornost se přitom věnuje korespondencím mezi jazykovým managementem občanů a státních nebo jiných veřejných organizací. Cílem práce je přispět jak k lepšímu poznání jazykové situace v Bělorusku, tak k rozpracování některých sociolingvistických konceptů, jako je zejména jazykový posun a jazykový problém. Práce aplikuje teorii jazykového managementu jako obecný model jazykového posunu a jako instrument k diagnostikaci jazykových problémů. Při aplikaci teorie v uvedených kontextech se ukázalo jako užitečné rozšířit ji o koncept diskurzu a kolektivního jednání, které pomůžou konceptualizovat propojení mezi jednoduchým a organizovaným jazykovým managementem, respektive mezi mikrosociální a makrosociální rovinou. Klíčová slova bilingvismus,...

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the language of four inhabitants of the village of Písek and one inhabitant of the village of Návsí in the Czech part of Teschen Silesia and to map its state in three generations. The introductory part is devoted to the Teschen Silesian dialect. The history of Teschen Silesia in the context of the linguistic development of the region is briefly presented, as well as the history of research on the Teschen Silesian dialect. Later on, the features of the Teschen dialect are listed, as well as the most important differences from standard Polish and Czech. The analysis is devoted to the speeches of the inhabitants of the villages of Písek and Návsí, recorded by the author and analysed, among others, in terms of linguistic variation between the representatives of the oldest, middle and younger generations of one family. The language of the speakers is compared both with the dialect features defined in the introductory part and with each other in terms of the language system and vocabulary, the influences of different varieties of Czech, Polish and possibly other languages. The analysis is then supported by transcripts of short extracts from the speeches of the inhabitants. Finally, a brief description of the respondents' relationship to the dialect, standard Czech and Polish...

This sociolinguistic study deals with the impact of English on language policy and planning in Sweden. The analysis is based on the principles of the language management theory. The first part is devoted to the discourse of relations between Swedish and other languages in the country, mostly dealing with Swedish as an endangered language due to the extensive use of English causing domain loss. The recently adopted language law is presented as a reaction to this development, giving an official status to Swedish as the main language of the country. According to this, it should be possible to use Swedish within all domains of language use. The problems of domain loss and the risk of diglossia are demonstrated on the example of the domains of higher education and science in the second part. The principles of the Language law are confronted with the need of increased use of English and the strategy of parallel language use suggested as a possible solution. A very valuable source of information for the analysis also are two interviews with the members of the Swedish language council, the institution responsible for implementation of the Language law as well as for observation of the general language situation. Keywords: Swedish, language policy and planning, language management, domain loss, parallel...

5 Abstract Diploma thesis deals with the topic of the Belarusian national movement in the late Soviet period. After the end of the Stalinist terror in the 70th-80th of the 20th century civic movements have been reborn in the Soviet Belarus. A rising national movement continued the national- building process, started in 20th years with the program of Belorusisation, which was interuppted by Soviet government in the late 20th. The research subject of the thesis is the Belarusian national idea in samizdat periodicals during 1970-1985. Content analysis of samizdat journals allows to define and understand the period's thinking. Since Soviet samizdat at that time was the only media environment, independent from the ideology and censorship. The thesis as well includes analysis and development of Belarusian national idea from its beginning; characteristic of the political, economic and social context of the Soviet period; appearance and analysis of dissent and democratic activities in 1970-1985.

Title of the Bachelor thesis: Ethnolinguistic Vitality of the Bashkort Language Abstract: This bachelor thesis examines the problems that the Bashkort language faces in present-day Bashkortostan and estimates ethnolinguistic vitality of the Bashkort language. The Bashkort language vitality is estimated as vulnerable and it is topical to find the problematic moments and give solutions to revive and maintain the language. The research is based on Language Vitality Theory formulated by Giles, Bourhis and Taylor in 1977. To measure the subjective ethnolinguistic vitality I used Subjective Vitality Questionnaire created by Bourhis, Giles and Rosenthal, 1981. The research was held among 63 Bashkort respondents in Bashkortostan in February 2012. The results show that although the Bashkort people estimate Bashkort vitality lower than Russian vitality, the Bashkort are very proud of their history and culture and estimate these aspects much higher than the Russian's. Thus potential for revitalization is exists and a lot will depend on correct policy and willingness of people to maintain Bashkort. Key words: Language Vitality Theory, objective vitality, subjective vitality, titular nationality

This paper focus on research of bilingual Czechoslovak communication in the twogenerational family. The method of reconstruction of social networks and language biographies explains motivation for language choice of each member of the family. Transcripts of records of the family communication are focusing on the moment of the code switch and bilingual communication that takes place in the family. It is shown how much is family assimilated to the new environment, and how does it influence language situation in the family.