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Purpose: Few data are available on sleep characteristics of elite track-and-field athletes. Our study aimed to assess (1) differences in sleep between sexes and among different track-and-field disciplines, (2) the effect of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies on athletes' sleep parameters, and (3) daytime nap characteristics in track-and-field athletes. Methods: Sleep characteristics of 16 elite Olympic-level track-and-field athletes (male: n = 8; female: n = 8) were assessed during the preseason period, at baseline (T0), and during the in-season period, after the adoption of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies (T1). Sleep parameters were objectively monitored by actigraphy for a minimum of 10 days, for each athlete, at both T0 and T1. A total of 702 nights were analyzed (T0 = 425; T1 = 277). Results: Female athletes displayed better sleep efficiency (88.69 [87.69–89.68] vs 91.72 [90.99–92.45]; P =.003, effect size [ES]: 0.44), lower sleep latency (18.99 [15.97–22.00] vs 6.99 [5.65–8.32]; P <.001, ES: 0.65), higher total sleep time (07:03 [06:56–07:11] vs 07:18 [07:10–07:26]; P =.030, ES: 0.26), earlier bedtime (00:24 [00:16–00:32] vs 00:13 [00:04–00:22]; P =.027, ES: 0.18), and lower nap frequency (P <.001) than male athletes. Long-distance runners had earlier bedtime (00:10 [00:03–00:38] vs 00:36 [00:26–00:46]; P <.001, ES: 0.41) and wake-up time (07:41 [07:36–07:46] vs 08:18 [08:07–08:30]; P <.001, ES: 0.61), higher nap frequency, but lower sleep efficiency (88.79 [87.80–89.77] vs 91.67 [90.95–92.38]; P =.013, ES: 0.44), and longer sleep latency (18.89 [15.94–21.84] vs 6.69 [5.33–8.06]; P <.001, ES: 0.67) than athletes of short-term disciplines. Furthermore, sleep-hygiene strategies had a positive impact on athletes' total sleep time (429.2 [423.5–434.8] vs 451.4 [444.2–458.6]; P <.001, ES: 0.37) and sleep latency (14.33 [12.34–16.32] vs 10.67 [8.66–12.68]; P =.017, ES: 0.19). Conclusions: Sleep quality and quantity were suboptimal at baseline in Olympic-level track-and-field athletes. Large differences were observed in sleep characteristics between sexes and among different track-and-field disciplines. Given the positive effect of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies on athlete's sleep, coaches should implement sleep education sessions in the daily routine of top-level athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the relationships between Ramadan fasting observance (RFO) and sleep-wake patterns, daytime sleepiness, and insomnia levels in student-athletes. Sleep was measured using wrist-actigraphy in 25 semi-professional student-athletes (mean ± SD; age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 182.0 ± 5.8 cm, body mass = 81.3 ± 15.2 kg) during seven nights before RFO (academic study period), during the first half of RFO (14 nights, holiday period), and the second half of RFO (14 nights, academic study period). Additionally, participants completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires seven days before RFO and on the last day of RFO. Actigraphy results indicated RFO was associated with significant decreases in sleep duration during the second half of RFO vs. before and during the first half of RFO (p < 0.001). However, the first half of RFO was associated with a delay of ⁓ 2.5 h in sleep onset compared to before RFO; this delay persisted during the second half of RFO (p < 0.001). The total PSQI score before RFO (6.6 ± 2.3 AU) and during RFO (8.2 ± 2.3 AU) suggested poor overall sleep quality. ISI and ESS scores were greater during than before RFO (p = 0.002 and p = 0.041, respectively). The second half of RFO was associated with decreases in objectively assessed sleep duration among student-athletes. RFO was also associated with impaired sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and increased insomnia symptoms. Personalized interventions to address sleep-related issues in student-athletes during RFO are warranted. • The second half of Ramadan was linked with reduced sleep duration in student-athletes. • Ramadan fasting was associated with decreased perceived sleep quality. • Ramadan fasting was linked with excessive sleepiness and increased insomnia symptoms. • Interventional studies on sleep optimization during Ramadan are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Sleep is a complex and conserved biological process that affects several body functions and behaviors. Evidence suggests that there is a reciprocal interaction between sleep and immunity. For instance, fragmented sleep can increase the probability of parasitic infections and reduce the ability to fight infections. Moreover, viral and bacterial infections alter the sleep patterns of infected individuals. However, the effects of macro-parasitic infections on sleep remain largely unknown, and measuring sleep in non-model organisms remains challenging. In this study, we investigated whether macro-parasite infections could alter sleep-like behavior of their hosts. We experimentally infected three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a freshwater fish, with the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus and used a hidden Markov model to characterize sleep-like behavior in sticklebacks. One to four days after parasite exposure, infected fish showed no difference in sleep-like behavior compared with non-exposed fish, and fish that were exposed-but-not-infected only showed a slight reduction in sleep-like behavior during daytime. Twenty-nine to 32 days after exposure, infected fish showed more sleep-like behavior than control fish, while exposed-but-not-infected fish showed overall less sleep-like behavior. Using brain transcriptomics, we identified immune- and sleep-associated genes that potentially underlie the observed behavioral changes. These results provide insights into the complex association between macro-parasite infection, immunity, and sleep in fish and may thus contribute to a better understanding of reciprocal interactions between sleep and immunity.

In male athletes, sleep plays an important role in recovery and the improvement of physical abilities through high-intensity training. Unfortunately, no appropriate questionnaire is currently available to assess sleep problems in male Korean athletes. Therefore, this study translated and cross-culturally validated the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) for male Korean athletes. This study employed a conceptual review, comprising translation preparation, review, and preliminary investigation, and a statistical review, comprising the test-retest method, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency analysis. Content equivalence between the original ASBQ text and the Korean version was secured, and test-retest reliability and internal consistency were acceptable. Acceptable levels of comprehension were observed for the translated questions. The dependent t-test analysis showed no significant differences between any of the questions. A verification of the stability of the Korean male version of the ASBQ using the test-retest method at 2-week intervals showed an acceptable level of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.78, r = 0.77, typical measurement error = 2.5, coefficient of variation = 7.6%). Lastly, the internal consistency reliability test revealed a Cronbach’s α of 0.87 at the 95% confidence level. The Korean male version of the ASBQ showed content equivalence and reliability with the original version. It can be used as a tool to analyze the sleeping behavior of Korean male athletes and provide customized training schedules.

Abstract Background Maintaining a consistent sleep and wake time is often reported as a key component of circadian rhythmicity and quality sleep. However, the impact of sleep onset and offset time variability on overall sleep outcomes are underreported in elite athlete populations. This study investigated the relationship between sleep onset and offset time variability using the sleep regularity index (SRI) and measures of sleep and well-being in professional rugby union athletes. Twenty-three professional male rugby union athletes (mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 y) underwent sleep monitoring via wrist actigraphy for three weeks during a pre-season phase of training and completed a daily wellness questionnaire. Median SRI was calculated and used to stratify the trainees into two quantile groups: >76.4 SRI (Regular, n = 11) and

This study investigated the relationship between physical activity, inactivity, physical function, and sleep in older adults with a frailty phenotype. A total of 184 pre-frail/frail older adults were included. Physical activity, inactive behavior, and sleep parameters were assessed using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their levels of inactivity and physical activity. The results showed that individuals with lower levels of inactivity had better lower body mean velocity and sleep regularity than those with higher levels of inactivity. Physically active older adults exhibited faster gait speed and performed better in lower body strength tests than physically inactive participants. Further analysis revealed that specific combinations of inactivity and physical activity were associated with varying levels of physical function. The findings highlight the importance of physical activity and the negative impact of inactivity on physical function and sleep in older adults with a frailty phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maintaining a consistent sleep and wake time is often reported as a key component of circadian rhythmicity and quality sleep. However, the impact of sleep onset and offset time variability on overall sleep outcomes are underreported in elite athlete populations. This study investigated the relationship between sleep onset and offset time variability using the sleep regularity index (SRI) and measures of sleep and well-being in professional rugby union athletes. Twenty-three professional male rugby union athletes (mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 y) underwent sleep monitoring via wrist actigraphy for three weeks during a pre-season phase of training and completed a daily wellness questionnaire. Median SRI was calculated and used to stratify the trainees into two quantile groups: >76.4 SRI (Regular, n = 11) and < 76.4 SRI (Irregular, n = 12). Results: The regular sleep group showed significantly longer total sleep duration (p = 0.02, d = 0.97) compared to the irregular group (7:42 ± 0:29 vs. 7:18 ± 0:20 h: min per night, respectively). Furthermore, while not statistically significant, the regular sleep group showed greater sleep efficiency and less wake episodes compared to irregular sleepers, as demonstrated by moderate effect sizes (d = 0.71 and 0.69, respectively). Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that minimizing variability in sleep onset and offset time is beneficial for increasing sleep duration and may improve sleep efficiency during pre-season training in elite male rugby union athletes. This study provides evidence for the importance of including sleep-wake routines as a key component of sleep education interventions. Key Points: •When compared to irregular sleepers, regular sleepers demonstrated significantly longer total sleep duration (∼ 24 min per night) over a three-week period (> 9 h more of total sleep). •Regular sleepers experienced fewer wake episode during the night, and had moderately higher sleep efficiency than irregular sleepers. •The median sleep regularity index in this male, professional rugby cohort was 76.4, considerably lower than that reported in previous reports of elite team sport athletes. •This study provides further support for the inclusion of promoting regular sleep-wake routines as a key component of sleep hygiene education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lifestyle and habits are acquired in the family environment and then shaped by the potential influence of the environment and received education. In recent years, there has been growing interest in understanding the relationship between sleep and dietary behaviors in various health professionals, including medical and dietetics professionals and students, as well as their self-perceived knowledge and attitudes. Despite the importance of this topic, there is a lack of research on the assessment of individual behaviors in dietetics students and professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of education level on individual behaviors regarding nutrition, sleep, and physical activity in dietetics students and professionals. 71 dietetics students and professionals were enrolled in this study. Their overall knowledge, sleep, and nutritional behavior were assessed with a validated Questionnaire of Eating Behaviors at the beginning of their dietetics university education and then prospectively after a year. It was also compared to dieticians who already graduated. The analysis showed that the educational level did not correlate with sleep length or the physical activity level. However, the educational level was correlated with dietary knowledge and properly self-assessed by the participants. Significant differences were observed in both the prospective and comparative analyses. The educational level and knowledge were not correlated with eating behaviors. The self-assessment of nutritional behaviors also did not correlate with the objective assessment. Sleep length did not correlate with BMI, but it was inversely correlated with overall and healthy diet scores and knowledge levels. On the other hand, physical activity levels were positively correlated with healthy diet scores. Dietary education results in better nutritional knowledge; however, it does not significantly impact individual nutritional behaviors among dietetics students and professionals. Moreover, the inverse relationship between sleep length and nutritional knowledge and behaviors, as well as the positive relationship between physical activity level and dietary behaviors, shows that nutritional aspects of lifestyle are probably prioritized among dietetic students and professionals, with an acknowledgment of the role of physical activity and a neglect of sleep hygiene importance. Dietetics students should be advised to use their theoretical knowledge not only to guide their patients but also to implement it in their own lives.

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the environment, particularly in the microwave range, may constitute a public health concern. Exposure to 2.4 GHz EMR modulated by 100 Hz square pulses was recently reported to markedly increase wakefulness in mice. Here, we demonstrate that a similar wakefulness increase can be induced by the modulation frequency of 1,000 Hz, but not 10 Hz. In contrast to the carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz, 935 MHz EMR of the same power density has little impact on wakefulness irrespective of modulation frequency. Notably, the replacement of the 100 Hz square-pulsed modulation by sinusoidal-pulsed modulation of 2.4 GHz EMR still allows a marked increase of wakefulness. In contrast, continuous sinusoidal amplitude modulation of 100 Hz with the same time-averaged power output fails to trigger any detectable change of wakefulness. Therefore, alteration of sleep behavior by EMR depends upon not just carrier frequency but also frequency and mode of the modulation. These results implicate biological sensing mechanisms for specific EMR in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lifestyle and habits are acquired in the family environment and then shaped by the potential influence of the environment and received education. In recent years, there has been growing interest in understanding the relationship between sleep and dietary behaviors in various health professionals, including medical and dietetics professionals and students, as well as their self-perceived knowledge and attitudes. Despite the importance of this topic, there is a lack of research on the assessment of individual behaviors in dietetics students and professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of education level on individual behaviors regarding nutrition, sleep, and physical activity in dietetics students and professionals. 71 dietetics students and professionals were enrolled in this study. Their overall knowledge, sleep, and nutritional behavior were assessed with a validated Questionnaire of Eating Behaviors at the beginning of their dietetics university education and then prospectively after a year. It was also compared to dieticians who already graduated. The analysis showed that the educational level did not correlate with sleep length or the physical activity level. However, the educational level was correlated with dietary knowledge and properly self-assessed by the participants. Significant differences were observed in both the prospective and comparative analyses. The educational level and knowledge were not correlated with eating behaviors. The self-assessment of nutritional behaviors also did not correlate with the objective assessment. Sleep length did not correlate with BMI, but it was inversely correlated with overall and healthy diet scores and knowledge levels. On the other hand, physical activity levels were positively correlated with healthy diet scores. Dietary education results in better nutritional knowledge; however, it does not significantly impact individual nutritional behaviors among dietetics students and professionals. Moreover, the inverse relationship between sleep length and nutritional knowledge and behaviors, as well as the positive relationship between physical activity level and dietary behaviors, shows that nutritional aspects of lifestyle are probably prioritized among dietetic students and professionals, with an acknowledgment of the role of physical activity and a neglect of sleep hygiene importance. Dietetics students should be advised to use their theoretical knowledge not only to guide their patients but also to implement it in their own lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Healthy sleep is essential for individuals' physiological and psychological health. Health science students experience a high prevalence of sleep disturbances which may be due to maladaptive behaviors. This study aimed to examine the associations of sleep behaviors including sleep hygiene and bedtime procrastination with the associations of sleep disturbances (e.g., poor sleep quality, insomnia, and short sleep). Methods: This cross-sectional study included health science students from a medical university in Shanghai, China. Sleep disturbances included poor sleep quality, insomnia, and short sleep. They were measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and one question "How many hours of sleep did you usually get during the past week?", respectively. Sleep behaviors included sleep hygiene and bedtime procrastination measured by the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), respectively. Logistic regression was performed while controlling for potential confounders. Results: A total of 464 health science students participated. Poorer overall sleep hygiene and more bedtime procrastination were independently associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality (OR=1.065, 95% CI 1.028–1.103; OR=1.040, 95% CI 1.006–1.075, respectively) and insomnia (OR=1.059, 95% CI 1.018–1.101; OR=1.093, 95% CI 1.049–1.139, respectively). More bedtime procrastination was associated with higher odds of short sleep (OR=1.148, 95% CI 1.093–1.206). Commonly reported specific sleep behaviors, such as "Going to bed later than intended", "Doing other things than sleep at bedtime", and "Easily stopping what I am doing at bedtime", were also related to higher odds of sleep disturbances. Conclusions: Sleep hygiene and bedtime procrastination were strong predictors of sleep disturbances. Tailored interventions targeting specific sleep behaviors are warranted to clarify their effect on sleep disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveWe assessed the direct and indirect relationships between sleep quality, mental health, and physical activity with quality of life (QOL) in college and university students.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 3,380 college students (60% females; age = 22.7 ± 5.4) from four continents (Africa: 32%; America: 5%; Asia: 46%; and Europe: 15%; others: 2%) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS); the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short-form (IPAQ); and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-Brief).ResultsWe showed that sleep quality, insomnia, and depression had direct negative effects on the physical domain of QOL (β = −0.22, −0.19, −0.31, respectively, p

Lifestyle behaviors are daily habits influenced by social and environmental factors. This study examined lifestyle behaviors and their associations with sociodemographics, comorbidities, and pain in Saudi university students during the academic year 2021 and 2022. All students received the study invitation via university emails to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included four sections (sociodemographics, health-related information, desired health promotion activities, and a lifestyle behavior assessment) via Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). The associations between study variables were assessed using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression. The study questionnaire was completed by 1112 students. No correlation was found between sociodemographics and lifestyle-behavior-related factors except for students in the College of Science who appeared to have good lifestyle behaviors (an increase in HPLP II total scores of 3.69). Students with mental health issues have poorer lifestyle behaviors and spend more time sitting (p < 0.00). Students without disabilities have lower scores in health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, and stress management, while auditory disability specifically lowers health responsibility (p < 0.00). Pain was not associated with any assessed lifestyle behaviors. This study identified several significant correlations and differences between variables such as age, sedentary behavior, sleep duration, disability status, college major, and lifestyle behaviors among PNU students. These findings provide insights into the factors that influence students' health-promoting behaviors and can help guide interventions for promoting healthier lifestyles on campus. Targeted health promotion strategies at an early age could help in decreasing overall noncommunicable disease incidents later in life. The study results should be interpreted taking into consideration that the collected data were cross-sectional and self-reported. In conclusion, the findings of this study clearly demonstrate the need for specific lifestyle and health-promoting programs that are directed toward university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD mouse models are frequently used to assess pathology, behavior, and memory in AD research. While the pathological characteristics of AD are well established, our understanding of the changes in the metabolic phenotypes with age and pathology is limited. In this work, we used the Promethion cage systems® to monitor changes in physiological metabolic and behavioral parameters with age and pathology in wild-type and 5xFAD mouse models. Then, we assessed whether these parameters could be altered by treatment with oleocanthal, a phenolic compound with neuroprotective properties. Findings demonstrated metabolic parameters such as body weight, food and water intake, energy expenditure, dehydration, and respiratory exchange rate, and the behavioral parameters of sleep patterns and anxiety-like behavior are altered by age and pathology. However, the effect of pathology on these parameters was significantly greater than normal aging, which could be linked to amyloid-β deposition and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In addition, and for the first time, our findings suggest an inverse correlation between sleep hours and BBB breakdown. Treatment with oleocanthal improved the assessed parameters and reduced anxiety-like behavior symptoms and sleep disturbances. In conclusion, aging and AD are associated with metabolism and behavior changes, with the changes being greater with the latter, which were rectified by oleocanthal. In addition, our findings suggest that monitoring changes in metabolic and behavioral phenotypes could provide a valuable tool to assess disease severity and treatment efficacy in AD mouse models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inadequate sleep has been shown to have detrimental effects on academic performance, physical, mental, and emotional health among adolescents. Factors that influence sleep have been identified. However, most literature is currently limited to urban settings. This study sought to identify factors that influence sleep habits among high school students in a semi‐rural community. Methods: Twelve focus groups were conducted in‐person with separate groups of students, parents, and school staff in October 2019. Discussions focused on sleep experiences, knowledge, environment, and factors influencing sleep. Data were coded using grounded theory approach. Themes were identified through summative content analysis. Results: Four major themes were identified: (1) inadequate sleep adversely affects academic performance and emotional health; (2) students face a gap in knowledge regarding sleep duration; (3) academic and nonacademic activities compete with sleep needs; and (4) night‐time use of technology negatively influences sleep habits. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high school students do not get adequate sleep, largely due to the demands of academic and extracurricular activities and the use of electronics at night. These results can guide the development of targeted sleep education and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved sleep hygiene is postulated to be protective against burnout. Previous studies assessing a potential association between poor sleep quality and burnout showed incongruent results. To investigate the relationship between sleep quality and burnout. Setting and Participants: A survey was conducted in a large health care cluster in Singapore and included health care staff from different professions (N = 4777). The Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey was used to measure burnout across 3 sub-scales: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment, while the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to gauge the participants' sleep quality. Multi-variable general linear model ANOVA was used for correlation analysis. There is a strong correlation between sleep quality and all 3 burnout sub-scales. PSQI is associated with Emotional Exhaustion (F value = 90.65, P-value <.0001), Depersonalization (F value = 49.46, P-value <.0001) and Personal Accomplishment (F value = 12.29, P-value <.0001). PSQI shows a significant linear upward trend with Emotional Exhaustion (linear contrast = 957.06, P-value <.0001) and with Depersonalization (linear contrast = 521.92, P-value <.0001). With Personal Accomplishment, PSQI shows a significant linear downward trend (linear contrast = 123.61, P-value <.0001). Poor sleep quality is progressively and linearly associated with burnout and its 3 sub-scales. Future studies that evaluate interventions which improve sleep quality among health care workers may be useful in reducing burnout and improving patient care. • This is the largest survey on sleep quality and burnout in Southeast Asia, thus far on health care workers. • Burnout has 3 sub-scales: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment. • Poor sleep quality is progressively and linearly associated with all 3 burnout sub-scales. • Future studies on interventions to improve sleep quality and burnout among health care workers may help decrease burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor and a sleep disorder that affects 2.5–10% of the European and North American populations. RLS is also often associated with periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS). Despite ample evidence of genetic contributions, the underlying mechanisms that elicit the sensory and motor symptoms remain unidentified. Clinically, RLS has been correlated with an altered central iron metabolism, particularly in the brain. While several animal models have been developed to determine the outcome of an altered iron homeostasis on brain function, the potential role of an altered iron homeostasis on sleep and sensorimotor circuits has not yet been investigated. Here, we utilize a mouse model to assess the effects of an iron-deficient (ID) but non-anemic state on sleep time and episodes, and sensorimotor reflexes in male and female mice. We found that animals on the ID diet displayed an increased expression of the transferrin receptor in the spinal cord, confirming the results of previous studies that focused only on the impact of ID in the brain. We also demonstrate that the ID diet reduced hematocrit levels compared to controls but not into the anemic range, and that animals on the ID diet exhibited RLS-like symptoms with regard to sleep onset and spinal cord reflex excitability. Interestingly, the effects on the spinal cord were stronger in females than in males, and the ID diet-induced behaviors were rescued by the return of the animals to the control diet. Taken together, these results demonstrate that diet-induced ID changes to CNS function are both inducible and reversible, and that they mimic the sleep and sensorimotor RLS symptoms experienced in the clinic. We therefore propose replacing the commonly used phrase “brain iron deficiency” (BID) hypothesis in the RLS research field with the term “iron deficiency in the central nervous system” (ID-CNS), to include possible effects of altered iron levels on spinal cord function.

Lifestyle behaviors are daily habits influenced by social and environmental factors. This study examined lifestyle behaviors and their associations with sociodemographics, comorbidities, and pain in Saudi university students during the academic year 2021 and 2022. All students received the study invitation via university emails to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included four sections (sociodemographics, health-related information, desired health promotion activities, and a lifestyle behavior assessment) via Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). The associations between study variables were assessed using Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression. The study questionnaire was completed by 1112 students. No correlation was found between sociodemographics and lifestyle-behavior-related factors except for students in the College of Science who appeared to have good lifestyle behaviors (an increase in HPLP II total scores of 3.69). Students with mental health issues have poorer lifestyle behaviors and spend more time sitting (p < 0.00). Students without disabilities have lower scores in health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, and stress management, while auditory disability specifically lowers health responsibility (p < 0.00). Pain was not associated with any assessed lifestyle behaviors. This study identified several significant correlations and differences between variables such as age, sedentary behavior, sleep duration, disability status, college major, and lifestyle behaviors among PNU students. These findings provide insights into the factors that influence students’ health-promoting behaviors and can help guide interventions for promoting healthier lifestyles on campus. Targeted health promotion strategies at an early age could help in decreasing overall noncommunicable disease incidents later in life. The study results should be interpreted taking into consideration that the collected data were cross-sectional and self-reported. In conclusion, the findings of this study clearly demonstrate the need for specific lifestyle and health-promoting programs that are directed toward university students.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused strong restrictions in organized sports. Specifically, adolescent athletes, whose daily routine is usually determined by school and practice schedules, experienced a sudden lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to examine sleep and training patterns of German elite adolescent basketball players (N = 115, 15.70 ± 1.22 years, female = 32.17%) during different phases of the 2021 lockdown. Sleep and training behavior were documented by a subjective monitoring over 10 days at three different lockdown phases in February, April, and June/July. A linear mixed model approach was conducted for the statistical analyses. Sleep duration and time in bed decreased between phase 1 (prohibition of organized sports) and phase 3 (normal training conditions), while sleep efficiency and quality increased. There was no change in training duration over time, but in training intensity, which peaked in the third phase. This study contains meaningful evidence to analyze the lockdown-related return to practice process. Athletes were able to maintain training duration with alternative protocols during pandemic conditions. Interestingly, athletes slept less under non-lockdown conditions, but reported a better sleep quality. It is recommended to consider athletes' individual preferences when planning training and recovery schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The pandemic resulted in a lifestyle crisis which may negatively affect patients with diabetes. Despite current knowledge, there is a lack of longitudinal studies evaluating this effect. To assess patients' perceptions about changes in lifestyle, and eating and sleeping patterns after 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify if aspects related to the pandemic (social distancing, COVID-19 infection, behavioral changes, and financial difficulties) are predictors of worsening in eating and sleeping parameters. Methods: This was a longitudinal study that followed patients with diabetes from April 2020 to July 2021 in Southern Brazil. Individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, aged ≥ 18 years, were included. The outcome of this study was the assessment of daily habits during a 18-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific questionnaires were applied once participants were included in this study (3 months after the onset of the pandemic) and at the 18-month follow-up, which included the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), and a specific questionnaire on diet, physical activity, and sleep pattern. Data were compared within and between groups (type 1 and type 2 diabetes), and multivariable models were used to identify subgroups of worse outcomes. Results: A total of 118 (78.6%) participants remained in the study at follow-up (mean age 54.6 ± 13.9 years, 41.3% male). In total, 33.9% of participants perceived weight gain during the pandemic, especially those with type 1 diabetes (43.1% vs 25.0% in type 2 diabetes, P = 0.04). About one in four participants reported emotional eating and changes in their eating habits for financial reasons. Regarding sleep patterns, more than half the participants reported taking naps during the day, out of which 30.5% of them perceived worse sleep quality, with no difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups. There were no within-group differences in MSQ and EAT-26 scores. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 60 years (OR 27.6, 95%CI 2.2–345.7), diabetes duration ≥ 15 years (OR 28.9, 95%CI 1.4–597.9), and perceived emotional eating (OR 10.9, 95%CI 1.1–107.5) were associated with worsened food quality. Worse sleep quality during the pandemic was associated with age ≥ 60 years for both type 2 diabetes (OR 5.6, 95%CI 1.1–31.5) and type 1 diabetes (OR 5.5, 95%CI 1.0–29.9). Conclusions: Follow-up data from a cohort of patients with diabetes indicate that at the end of 18 months of social distancing, some lifestyle aspects worsened and some improved, showing that these patients responded differently to the adversities of this period. The evidence of clinical features associated with worsening in food and sleep quality provides new insights to prioritizing actions in crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good sleep quality is essential in human life due to its impact on health. Currently, technology has focused on providing specific features for quality sleep monitoring in people. This work represents a contribution to state of the art on non-invasive technologies that can help improve the quality of people's sleep at a low cost. We reviewed the sleep quality of a group of people by analyzing their good and bad sleeping habits. We take that information to feed a proposed algorithm for a non-invasive sensor network in the person's room for monitoring factors that help them fall asleep. We analyze vital signs and health conditions in order to be able to relate these parameters to the person's way of sleeping. We help people get valuable information about their sleep with technology to live a healthy life, and we get about a 15% improvement in sleep quality. Finally, we compare the implementations given by the network with wearables to show the improvement in the behavior of the person's sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Study Objectives: Discerning the differential contribution of sleep behavior and sleep physiology to the subsequent development of posttraumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD) symptoms following military operational service among combat soldiers., Methods: Longitudinal design with three measurement time points: during basic training week (T1), during intensive stressed training week (T2), and following military operational service (T3). Participating soldiers were all from the same unit, ensuring equivalent training schedules and stress exposures. During measurement weeks soldiers completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Sleep physiology (sleep heart-rate) and sleep behavior (duration, efficiency) were monitored continuously in natural settings during T1 and T2 weeks using wearable sensors., Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a progressive increase in PCL-5 scores from T1 and T2 to T3, suggesting an escalation in PTSD symptom severity following operational service. Hierarchical linear regression analysis uncovered a significant relation between the change in DASS stress scores from T1 to T2 and subsequent PCL-5 scores at T3. Incorporating participants' sleep heart-rate markedly enhanced the predictive accuracy of the model, with increased sleep heart-rate from T1 to T2 emerging as a significant predictor of elevated PTSD symptoms at T3, above and beyond the contribution of DASS stress scores. Sleep behavior did not add to the accuracy of the model., Conclusion: Findings underscore the critical role of sleep physiology, specifically elevated sleep heart-rate following stressful military training, in indicating subsequent PTSD risk following operational service among combat soldiers. These findings may contribute to PTSD prediction and prevention efforts., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Abstract Background The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) is a parent-report questionnaire used to examine sleep behavior in children. Linguistic adaptation of CSHQ into several languages and/or psychometric analysis of reliability have been published. Main text Our aim was to translate the original 33-items CSHQ from English to Italian and to examine its reliability for use in 4–10 years-old children of Italy. After translation and back-translation procedure of the original CSHQ, the Italian CSHQ (CSHQ-IT) was administered to 69 mothers of healthy children. Reliability of CSHQ-IT was examined by the internal consistency of the scale (using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient), and by the test-retest analysis obtained by asking mothers who had completed the CSHQ-IT at baseline to re-complete it after a two-week interval (measured with the Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient, CCC). The CSHQ-IT showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81 for the total scale). The total CSHQ-IT score showed a strong correlation in retests (CCC 0.87; 95% Confidence Interval, 0.80; 0.92). Conclusion CSHQ-IT is a valuable tool for evaluating sleep behavior in children 4–10 years-old in Italy. Future research should be implemented to provide definitive validity of CSHQ-IT in children with sleep-disordered breathing.

Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD mouse models are frequently used to assess pathology, behavior, and memory in AD research. While the pathological characteristics of AD are well established, our understanding of the changes in the metabolic phenotypes with age and pathology is limited. In this work, we used the Promethion cage systems® to monitor changes in physiological metabolic and behavioral parameters with age and pathology in wild-type and 5xFAD mouse models. Then, we assessed whether these parameters could be altered by treatment with oleocanthal, a phenolic compound with neuroprotective properties. Findings demonstrated metabolic parameters such as body weight, food and water intake, energy expenditure, dehydration, and respiratory exchange rate, and the behavioral parameters of sleep patterns and anxiety-like behavior are altered by age and pathology. However, the effect of pathology on these parameters was significantly greater than normal aging, which could be linked to amyloid-β deposition and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In addition, and for the first time, our findings suggest an inverse correlation between sleep hours and BBB breakdown. Treatment with oleocanthal improved the assessed parameters and reduced anxiety-like behavior symptoms and sleep disturbances. In conclusion, aging and AD are associated with metabolism and behavior changes, with the changes being greater with the latter, which were rectified by oleocanthal. In addition, our findings suggest that monitoring changes in metabolic and behavioral phenotypes could provide a valuable tool to assess disease severity and treatment efficacy in AD mouse models.

Social restrictions during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have impacted sleep behavior and sleep problems, and their related daytime functioning in young adults. However, no studies have examined such changes in young individuals from countries with mild infection intensity and social restrictions. Therefore, we focused on sleep behaviors and sleep issues in young people in Japan. This study was conducted before and after the pandemic (October 2019 and May 2020, respectively). In total, 2,222 (1,371 students and 851 workers) individuals participated and completed anonymous Web-based questionnaires concerning demographic characteristics, sleep behaviors, sleep problems using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-J), psychological distress using the Japanese version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluated with the Short Form-8 (SF-8). A significantly delayed sleep phase was observed in the second survey compared to the first (p <.001) and was more pronounced in students than in workers (p <.001). The total sleep time, social jetlag degree, and JESS, AIS-J, and SF-8 scores were significantly improved after the pandemic (p <.001, p <.001, p <.001, p <.001, p <.05, and p <.001, respectively). Careful monitoring of whether these modest changes can lead to adjustment concerns is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objective: To compare sleep behavior before and during pregnancy.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, healthy women were followed from pre-pregnancy until delivery. At pre-pregnancy and each trimester, participants completed validated questionnaires of chronotype and sleep quality and timing, including the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The primary outcomes were sleep period start and end times, sleep duration, sleep midpoint, and social jetlag, compared between pre-pregnancy and each trimester. Wrist actigraphy was used to measure the same outcomes in a subset of participants.Results: Eighty-six women were included in analysis of questionnaires. Of these, 37 provided complete actigraphy data. Questionnaire and actigraphy data indicate that participants had less social jetlag during pregnancy than before pregnancy. Sleep period start times were earlier on both work and free days in the first and second trimesters than pre-pregnancy, and returned to pre-pregnancy times by the third trimester. Actigraphy data revealed that, compared to pre-pregnancy, participants had longer sleep periods in all trimesters on work days and in the first trimester on free days. Sleep surveys revealed that participants had poorer sleep quality in the first and third trimesters and more sleepiness in the first trimester than pre-pregnancy.Conclusion: The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by earlier sleep period start time, longer sleep duration, and poorer sleep quality than pre-pregnancy. Sleep quality temporarily improves in the second trimester, and sleep period start time returns to pre-pregnancy time by the third trimester.Study Rationale: Multiple parameters of sleep have been studied in the context of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, but rarely in comparison to pre-pregnancy or longitudinally through pregnancy.Study Impact: Actigraphy and questionnaire data reveal sleep timing and quality change throughout pregnancy. These data on sleep changes in healthy pregnancy can be used as a baseline to identify sleep-related risk factors throughout pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the associations between sleep behaviors and female infertility. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study composed of 2175 U.S. women 18-44 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2015-2018). Bedtime/waketime and sleep duration were extracted from the sleep disorder questionnaire. Self-reported infertility was defined as a binary variable based on the participants' response to the question, "Have you ever attempted to become pregnant over a period of at least a year without becoming pregnant?". Multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to explore the relationship between sleep behaviors and female infertility. Results: Bedtime (OR=1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.40, P = 0.001) and waketime (OR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28, P = 0.037) were associated with infertility. Waketime of 08:00 was the inflection point, above which the probability of infertility increased rapidly (OR=1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.79, P = 0.004). Sleep-wake behavior was significantly associated with infertility (OR=1.34; 95% CI, 1.16-1.53, P < 0.001) and participants with early-bed/early-rise behavior had the lowest risk. Conclusions: Among U.S. women 18-44 years of age, bedtime and waketime were significantly linearly and non-linearly correlated with infertility, respectively. Early-bed/early-rise behavior was associated with the lowest infertility rate. Further study is needed because the timing of sleep behaviors are modifiable factors and could be a novel strategy to cope with infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor as well as nonmotor symptoms for which there is currently no cure. The Q175 mouse model of HD recapitulates many of the symptoms identified in HD patients including disruptions of the sleep/wake cycle. In this study, we sought to determine if the daily administration of the histamine-3 receptor (H3R) antagonist/inverse agonist 6-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide hydrochloride (GSK189254) would improve nonmotor symptoms in the Q175 line. This class of drugs acts on autoreceptors found at histaminergic synapses and results in increased levels of histamine (HA). HA is a neuromodulator whose levels vary with a daily rhythm with peak release during the active cycle and relatively lower levels during sleep. H3Rs are widely expressed in brain regions involved in cognitive processes and activation of these receptors promotes wakefulness. We administered GSK189254 nightly to homozygote and heterozygote Q175 mice for 4 weeks and confirmed that the plasma levels of the drug were elevated to a therapeutic range. We demonstrate that daily treatment with GSK189254 improved several behavioral measures in the Q175 mice including strengthening activity rhythms, cognitive performance and mood as measured by the tail suspension test. The treatment also reduced inappropriate activity during the normal sleep time. The drug treatment did not alter motor performance and coordination as measured by the challenging beam test. Our findings suggest that drugs targeting the H3R system may show benefits as cognitive enhancers in the management of HD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between sleep behaviors and female infertility.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study composed of 2175 U.S. women 18-44 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2015-2018). Bedtime/waketime and sleep duration were extracted from the sleep disorder questionnaire. Self-reported infertility was defined as a binary variable based on the participants’ response to the question, “Have you ever attempted to become pregnant over a period of at least a year without becoming pregnant?”. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to explore the relationship between sleep behaviors and female infertility.ResultsBedtime (OR=1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.40, P = 0.001) and waketime (OR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28, P = 0.037) were associated with infertility. Waketime of 08:00 was the inflection point, above which the probability of infertility increased rapidly (OR=1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.79, P = 0.004). Sleep-wake behavior was significantly associated with infertility (OR=1.34; 95% CI, 1.16-1.53, P < 0.001) and participants with early-bed/early-rise behavior had the lowest risk.ConclusionsAmong U.S. women 18-44 years of age, bedtime and waketime were significantly linearly and non-linearly correlated with infertility, respectively. Early-bed/early-rise behavior was associated with the lowest infertility rate. Further study is needed because the timing of sleep behaviors are modifiable factors and could be a novel strategy to cope with infertility.

Lockdown is an important measure that has been globally adopted to reduce the spread of the contagious disease caused by SARS CoV-2. The imposed schedule and confinement led to extensive use of digital media and rise in sedentary activity drastically. The escalated duration of screen exposure causes disruption in sleep behavior. An online survey was conducted to comprehend the effect of lockdown on sleep behavior and screen exposure time on school children. Screen exposure time involved with various electronic gadgets was also analyzed. It was observed that the social jet lag and sleep debt were significantly less during lockdown than before it. Inertia during lockdown significantly increased. The difference between screen exposure time on weekdays before lockdown and weekends during lockdown was identified to be the highest. Three clusters based on sleep behavior and duration of screen time were identified of which Cluster 2 revealed simultaneous existence of high sleep duration and screen time. These baseline data on sleep parameters and duration of exposure to the screen will help us in devising approaches to mitigate the evident disruption this unprecedented phase has brought about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many endurance athletes have poor sleep quality which may affect performance and health. It is unclear how dietary intake affects sleep quality among athletes. We examined if sleep quality in endurance athletes is associated with consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, dairy milk, and caffeinated beverages. Two hundred thirty-four endurance athletes (39.5 ± 14.1 year) participated in a survey. Participants provided information on demographics, anthropometry, sleep behavior and quality, and dietary intake via questionnaires. Sleep quality was assessed using the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) with a global score (ASSQ-global) and subscales including sleep difficulty (ASSQ-SD), chronotype (ASSQ-C), and disordered breathing while sleeping (ASSQ-SDB). A general linear model (GLM), adjusted for age, body mass index, sleep discomfort, sleep behavior, gender, race, and ethnicity, showed that higher caffeinated beverage intake was related to poorer global sleep quality (p = 0.01) and increased risk for disordered breathing while sleeping (p = 0.03). Higher whole grain intake was associated with a morning chronotype and lower risk for sleep issues (p = 0.01). The GLM did not reveal a relationship between sleep quality and dairy milk, fruit, and vegetable intake. In conclusion, caffeinated beverages and whole grain intake may influence sleep quality. This relationship needs to be confirmed by further research.

Objectives: This study seeks to delineate the effects of family context during adolescence, namely family structure, parent-child relationship, and parental monitoring, and their longitudinal associations with sleep behaviors during young adulthood, with a focus on a possible moderating effect of leaving home transition. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Taiwan Youth Project (TYP) (N=2,123, and consisted of a two-cohort sample from 12th grade at school up to an age of around 20 years, these cohorts consisted of a 7th-grade one from 2005 to 2007 and a 9th-grade one from 2003 to 2004). Sleep duration (short, recommended [7h-9h], and long) was analyzed by multinomial logistic regression, while insomnia symptoms were analyzed by negative binomial regression. Results: Youth living in a one-parent family during adolescence had an increased risk of long sleep duration during young adulthood (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] 1.52, 95% CI 1.02- 2.25); whereas those with a more positive relationship with parents, or receiving more parental monitoring, were less likely to experience short sleep duration (RRR 0.75 95% CI 0.61-0.92; RRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97). Moreover, youth with a more positive parent-child relationship were also found to be at lower risk of insomnia symptoms (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98). Furthermore, when the sample was restricted to those who had left home during young adulthood, the effects of a positive parent-child relationship and parental monitoring remain significant and had the same effect on the various sleep behaviors. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the importance of family context and its longitudinal association with sleep behaviors. To prevent an unrecommended sleep duration and the development of insomnia symptoms during young adulthood, early intervention that targets parent-child relationships and parental monitoring are suggested as a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) is a parent-report questionnaire used to examine sleep behavior in children. Linguistic adaptation of CSHQ into several languages and/or psychometric analysis of reliability have been published. Main text: Our aim was to translate the original 33-items CSHQ from English to Italian and to examine its reliability for use in 4–10 years-old children of Italy. After translation and back-translation procedure of the original CSHQ, the Italian CSHQ (CSHQ-IT) was administered to 69 mothers of healthy children. Reliability of CSHQ-IT was examined by the internal consistency of the scale (using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient), and by the test-retest analysis obtained by asking mothers who had completed the CSHQ-IT at baseline to re-complete it after a two-week interval (measured with the Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient, CCC). The CSHQ-IT showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81 for the total scale). The total CSHQ-IT score showed a strong correlation in retests (CCC 0.87; 95% Confidence Interval, 0.80; 0.92). Conclusion: CSHQ-IT is a valuable tool for evaluating sleep behavior in children 4–10 years-old in Italy. Future research should be implemented to provide definitive validity of CSHQ-IT in children with sleep-disordered breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We assessed the direct and indirect relationships between sleep quality, mental health, and physical activity with quality of life (QOL) in college and university students., Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 3,380 college students (60% females; age = 22.7 ± 5.4) from four continents (Africa: 32%; America: 5%; Asia: 46%; and Europe: 15%; others: 2%) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS); the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short-form (IPAQ); and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-Brief)., Results: We showed that sleep quality, insomnia, and depression had direct negative effects on the physical domain of QOL (β = -0.22, -0.19, -0.31, respectively, p  < 0.001). There was a strong negative direct association between depression and the psychological domain of QOL (β = -0.60, z = -22.21, p  < 0.001). Both stress and PSQI had direct effects on social relationships QOL (β = 0.11; z = 4.09; and β = -0.13; z = -7.40, respectively, p < 0.001). However, depression had the strongest direct impact on social relationships QOL (β = -0.41, z = -15.79, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The overall QOL of university students is associated with their sleep quality, mental health, and physical activity warranting further interventional studies aiming at improving students' quality of life., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Moussa-Chamari, Farooq, Romdhani, Washif, Bakare, Helmy, Al-Horani, Salamh, Robin and Hue.)

Background: Disruptive sleeping patterns have been linked to serious medical conditions. Regular physical activity (PA) has a positive impact on health; however, few research have investigated the relationships between PA, body mass index (BMI), sedentary behaviors (SB), and sleep disorders (SD). Methods: Data from the 2005-2006 NHANES were analyzed for this study. Participants (N = 2989; mean age = 50.44 years) were grouped based upon responses to SD questions. Accelerometers were used to measure the average time spent in moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SB. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between PA, SB, and SD after controlling for covariates and to explore potential moderation effects among common risk factors and the main study variables. Results: Among middle-aged adults, PA was significantly associated with SD [Wald X² (8) = 22.21; P < .001 ]. Furthermore, among adults in the highest tertile of SB, PA was significantly associated with SD [Wald X² (8) = 32.29; P < .001 ]. Conclusions: These results indicate that middle-aged adults who are less active may have increased likelihoods of SD. It is important for health care professionals to continue developing methods for increasing PA to decrease the risk of SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the influence of loneliness on sleep behavior and sleep quality based on propensity score-matched samples in Southwest China.Methods: Individual-level data were obtained from a Southwest China cohort study. Participants who felt lonely were matched with those who did not with propensity scores on the basis of age, gender, socioeconomic factors, physical exercise and social connection level. Sleep behavior (onset and offset timing), sleep quality (sleep latency, nocturnal awakenings and subjective sleep quality), and daytime function (daytime sleepiness and fatigue) were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Index Scale (PSQI) and compared between the two groups. The data were collected between May 2019 and December 2019, and data analyses were completed in April 2021.Results: A total of 11,696 participants were included, and 824 out of 839 participants who felt loneliness were statistically matched with 824 participants who did not. Analyses of the matched samples showed that sleep onset and offset timing were similar between those who felt lonely and those who did not (p = 0.110 and p = 0.751, respectively). Sleep latency was longer in those who felt lonely (26.84 [0.9] vs. 35.52 [1.2] min, p < 0.001) than in those who did not. Furthermore, participants who felt lonely tended to have poor subjective sleep, a higher frequency of nocturnal awakenings, daytime sleepiness and fatigue (all p < 0.001).Conclusions: Loneliness was associated with extended sleep latency, increased nocturnal awakenings, and reduced subjective sleep quality and daytime function but was not associated with sleep behavior, including sleep onset and offset timings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to investigate in a representative sample of the Italian population whether the SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the subsequent home isolation had repercussion on the daily sleep/wake cycling and habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based cross-sectional survey consisted of various multiple- choice questions concerning demographic characteristics, sleep habits, and sleep-related problems was broadcast through mainstream social-media. Individuals were randomly allowed to participate from April 29th to May 17th, namely 50 days after the lockdown imposition and the day before its abrogation. RESULTS: 58.84% of respondents experienced a change in their sleep habits. 71% of those whose sleep changed showed a delayed sleep pattern. Overall, a two-fold risk of delayed sleep pattern without any change in total sleep time emerged during the investigation period. Females emerged almost 2 times more likely to modify their sleep habits than males. Youths were also more likely to experience modifications than old people, who conversely appeared protected. A significant improvement in daytime sleepiness occurred during the home isolation which additionally correlated with delayed bedtime and less sleep time. CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of change in sleep habits, especially among youths and females, occurred in Italian population during the home isolation to limit the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Moreover, self-reported daytime sleepiness decreased in severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good sleep quality is essential in human life due to its impact on health. Currently, technology has focused on providing specific features for quality sleep monitoring in people. This work represents a contribution to state of the art on non-invasive technologies that can help improve the quality of people’s sleep at a low cost. We reviewed the sleep quality of a group of people by analyzing their good and bad sleeping habits. We take that information to feed a proposed algorithm for a non-invasive sensor network in the person’s room for monitoring factors that help them fall asleep. We analyze vital signs and health conditions in order to be able to relate these parameters to the person’s way of sleeping. We help people get valuable information about their sleep with technology to live a healthy life, and we get about a 15% improvement in sleep quality. Finally, we compare the implementations given by the network with wearables to show the improvement in the behavior of the person’s sleep.

This study aimed to identify determinants of objectively-estimated bedtime habits and to determine if these bedtime habits differed between adults with and without type 2 diabetes. Adults with accelerometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 cohorts were classified as having no diabetes or type 2 diabetes and matched for age, gender, and BMI across the two groups. Multivariate linear regression models assessed bedtime habits (time-in-bed, early versus late bedtime periods, regularity), chronotype (mid-points), and type 2 diabetes status. While the results indicated no differences in bedtime habits between adults with and without type 2 diabetes, an interesting finding was the support for an association between objectively-estimated earlier bedtime midpoints and greater physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder, resulting in challenges with early detection. However, changes in sleep and movement patterns may help improve detection. Thus, this study aimed to explore the utility of wrist-worn actigraphy data in combination with machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques to detect MDD using a commonly used screening method: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants (N = 8,378; MDD Screening = 766 participants) completed the and wore Actigraph GT3X+ for one week as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Leveraging minute-level, actigraphy data, we evaluated the efficacy of two commonly used ML approaches and identified actigraphy-derived biomarkers indicative of MDD. We employed two ML modeling strategies: (1) a traditional ML approach with theory-driven feature derivation, and (2) a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, coupled with gramian angular field transformation. Findings revealed movement-related features to be the most influential in the traditional ML approach and nighttime movement to be the most influential in the CNN approach for detecting MDD. Using a large, nationally-representative sample, this study highlights the potential of using passively-collected, actigraphy data for understanding MDD to better improve diagnosing and treating MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Athlete sleep behavior questionnaire (ASBQ) is a new, valid and reliable questionnaire for evaluating the sleep behaviors of elite athletes. The main objective of the current study was to provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the ASBQ (ASBQ-TR).Materials and Methods:Ninety-seven athletes and eighty-three nonathletes were included in the current study and asked to complete the 18-item ASBQ-TR. A sub-group of athletes (n=50) completed the ASBQ-TR twice, 7 days apart. The ASBQ was translated into English twice and then back-translated to Turkish after the permission of the author was received. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were performed via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively.Results There was a significant difference between the athlete and non-athlete groups in ASBQ-TR total score (38.4 and 36.2 respectively, p