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Sleep disturbance is common in children with atopic dermatitis, with a significant impact in their quality of life and negative effects on behavior and neurocognitive function. However, the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in patients with atopic dermatitis is not well understood. It was thought to be consequence of pruritus and scratching, but nowadays we know to a consequence of multiple factors. Recent studies have suggested that melatonin could be involved, not only because of its primordial effect on sleep induction, but also its effects on immunomodulation and as anti-oxidant. In this review, the authors summarize the new insights about the sleep disturbances in children with atopic dermatitis, emphasizing the role of melatonin and its possible therapeutic implication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]