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This paper synthesises the specifics of scientific classifications and descriptions of mythical characters. Throughout the article, the authors discuss a complex algorithm they developed for comparing reports and analyses of mythical creatures, presenting and arguing its merit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auto- and allochthonous theories of the origin of the Slavs and their supporters have been competing for many years. Recent research (genetic, anthropological and linguistic) confirms the early appearance of the Slavs on Polish lands and their permanent settlement in these lands. Contrary to this, in some circles, especially among archaeologists, the theses about the indigenousness of the Slavs are treated as substantive errors. The direct reason for writing this article is the fact that the dissemination of an already published book on the history of physical culture has been blocked. The article concerns two issues – 1) the way science functions and the way to find the truth when competing paradigms collide (from the perspective of the sociology of science); 2) the origin of the Slavs, the direct ancestors of today's Poles, which seems particularly important both for Polish history and today's identity. According to the author, supporters of the allochthonous concept ignore the knowledge resulting from research and publications of recent years. Therefore, publications have been cited - a brief review of the literature on the subject.

Copyright of Sport & Tourism Central European Journal / Sport i Turystyka Srodkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe is the property of Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines distributed extraction coordinations, in which different elements move out of conjuncts of a single coordination, as in Which book and which magazine did Mary buy and Amy read respectively, from a crosslinguistic perspective. A number of properties of such coordinations are discussed, which includes showing that they are also subject to the ATB requirement, which will shed light on the nature of the ATB phenomenon itself. It is also shown that there is a rather strong restriction on distributed extractions which confines such extractions to one context and completely excludes one type of movement, in particular head-movement, from participating in them. The higher coordination is shown to be formed during the derivation and to be semantically expletive. Distributed extraction constructions are also shown to have consequences for the proper analysis of a number of phenomena, including subject-oriented anaphors, right node raising, toughconstructions, agreement, and clausal structure. Regarding subject-oriented anaphors, the paper teases apart different approaches to subject-oriented anaphors based on constructions where different elements fill SpecvP and SpecTP (the latter undergoes agreement with T and the former binds subjectoriented anaphors). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers relevant information concerning Klášťov, the dominant summit of the Vizovice Hills in eastern Moravia, where Moravia's highest-positioned stronghold was built in the period of the Lusatian Urnfield culture. Later, in the 9th and 10th c., it was used by the domestic population above all for cult purposes; traces of a more permanent occupation have not been detected there yet. Text also presents an exceptional local find of a brass inlaid trefoil iron sword set fitting, probably a local imitation of Carolingian models (?). It represents a high-quality, professionally made art and craft product whose popularity culminated in the second and third quarters of the 9th c. in the West; it might have occurred also later in the Moravian milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rescue archaeological research in Senica, part Párovce was performed in a polyculture settlement and a part of a skeletal burial ground attributed to the Únětice culture from the Early Bronze Age. The present paper discusses finds from the early Slavic period. A sunken house with remains of a stone-soil furnace and an oval pit belongs to the settlement phase. Based on the Prague-type pottery, the features are both dated back to the 6th c. The settlement, thus, could be considered to be the oldest evidence of the Slavic presence in western Záhorie, in the Myjava and Teplica basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals two spurs with hook-shaped terminals bent inside, which are related to the early medieval stronghold in Udórz in the Częstochowa Upland. They were forged from iron into quite decorative shapes, and one of these was covered with tin. It can be assumed that these artefacts are imports from behind the Carpathians and can be dated to about mid-8th - early 9th centuries. Both spurs can be classified as Type III:2 Variant B in the typology proposed by Jan Żak. The paper discusses two incidentally found spurs with hook-shaped terminals bent inside. These finds are related to the early medieval (8th - mid-13th centuries) stronghold in Udórz in the Częstochowa Upland. The first spur was forged from one iron bar. Its heel band's shape is close to an obtuse parabola. It is somewhat asymmetrical and its small terminals are bent inside. Its goad is protuberant and profiled. The heel band's arms are nearly triangular in their vertical cross-section and near the ends they are ornamented with diagonal grooves. This spur survived in a good condition, except for surface corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with the role of Slavic antiquities in the age of national revivals and with the forging of such antiquities. It discusses the subject of Slavic antiquities and forgeries in Central Europe, bringing in the cultural context of Western Europe as well. 'Antiquity' is understood to mean a kind of medium that conveyed textual or visual information. The collecting of antiquities became fashionable during the first decades of the 19th century and led to the need for antiquities to be described and categorized. In turn, antiquities served as corpuses for the shaping of modern national cultural canons. It contends that these artefacts, authentic and forged alike, played an important role in moulding the cultural canons of the Slavic nations in Central Europe. An antiquity's canonical value stemmed from its age most of all and an antiquity needed to be linked as specifically as possible to the history and culture of a given nation. The worth of an antiquity was further boosted when it could be connected with historical personages of great significance. Finally, the more mysterious the history of an antiquity, the greater the degree of speculation permissible in regard to interpretations of it. A forged antiquity is basically an objectification informed by the forger's thinking and imagination. A forgery bears not just marks characteristic of past times but also marks of the forger and those of the time in which the forgery was made. It is something which calls an entire system into question, thereby causing bewilderment. From this perplexity, only one phenomenon can derive benefit, namely, the national culture. Important among the motives for the forging of Slavic antiquities was the circumstance that framers of canons felt that the structures of their national cultures were incomplete. Researching the reasons for the forging, the study points out structural gaps in the canons in Central Europe as well as traumas stemming from forgeries. Using four examples taken from Kollár's oeuvre (the Poison Tree of Java, the Slavic idols of Prillwitz, the Queen's Court and Green Mountain manuscripts and Derzhavin's poem God in Japanese and Chinese translation) it presents the most common motives behind Slavic forgeries along with the kinds of fake most frequently encountered; it also shows the processes by which forgeries were exposed for what they were. These examples show that when Kollár worked with antiquities and fake antiquities, playing the imposter and pecuniary advantage were very far from him. On the other hand, as a philologist he became a prisoner of contemporary national canonical and emblematic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the author considers the basic ideas of the Moscow ethnolinguistic school on the basis of several examples from the South Slavic cultural dialects. The methods are similar to the technique of isolating certain linguistic dialects and cultural dialects; much attention is paid to justification of the concept “cultural dialect.” Eastern Serbia and western Bulgaria were taken as an example for the analysis of dialects based on phonetic, grammatical features and those that are observed in folk culture and which are reflected in its terminological vocabulary. Research was carried out into one of the main arealogical regularities that is linked to the interaction between cultural and language contexts of its functioning (in the sphere of beliefs and rituals, in folklore texts - legends, stories about encounters with supernatural beings, etc.). For example, “bear’s day” shows the areal scheme of concentric circles, according to which the central place belongs to the terminological vocabulary, as far as the distance from the center is concerned, there are only rituals and beliefs associated with the “bear” symbols of the holiday, and the wide range covers the extent of the legend of St. Andrew riding a bear. The paper concludes with a description of the geographic background in the ethnolinguistic dictionary Slavic Antiquities, whose main purpose is a reconstruction of old Slavic culture aided by the linguistic method of study of folk culture, i.e. the study of verbal expressions for a number of cultural phenomena (lexical and phraseological items).

Copyright of Juznoslovenski Filolog is the property of Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Institute for the Serbian Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A construction of verb + non-lexical (non-selected) subject-coreferential dative pronoun (SCD) is found in classical Hebrew on a limited scale, but widely used in Modern Hebrew (MH), crucially in the spoken register. The paper suggests that although the classical construction and the modern one look superficially similar, interpretatively they seem to be distinct. It is argued that the modern construction changed into a speaker-oriented construction resolved on the higher level of discourse. The paper aims to trace the emergence of the modern construction and the motivation for its change. It is suggested that the construction acquired pragmatic inferences as part of the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language and that the inspiration for that was a comparable construction prevalent in Slavic and Yiddish, the contact-languages of Hebrew at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wreck 10 found in Recław, near Wolin, in 2003, is described in detail and the remains are examined to determine whether the vessel they represent was a river ferry, as has been suggested previously, or a medieval seagoing ship, built in the Slav tradition. The location of the wreck is also considered in relation to early medieval settlement in the area to investigate whether it was a harbour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereotypically, international society identifies the Republic of Macedonia as a former Yugoslavian area marked by the independence stigma during tragic events in the Balkans. Therefore, various scientific publications appear (particularly in the fields of international law, political science or international relations), concerning mainly the Greek -Macedonian conflict over the official name of the country. However, it is rather rare to find in Polish literature texts on remarkable cultural and architectural richness of this small but extremely important -- for the Slavic -Orthodox culture -- country. It is possible to observe, in Polish works, compilations on art history of South and West Slavs, but it does not extend its own scientific discipline, except the indication of necessary legal or political background. In the following discourse several considerations on culture and art objects on the territory of the modern Republic of Macedonia (FYROM official name) are presented. The text consists of three main parts with an emphasis that the last part possesses also an internal structure. Basic information concerning the main tasks and aims of UNESCO is presented in the first part of the work. The following part is concerned with the historical context of the city of Ohrid. Finally, the third part of the paper contains considerations on the architectonical objects of UNESCO located in the historical city of Ohrid. The analysis ends with final conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The toponyms gathered through field surveys conducted in Neamt river basin or collected from different documents published or existing in archives are analyzed starting from their formation process. Hereby, there are examples of descriptive toponyms (formed from appellations) or personal (formed from anthroponyms). Both the minor toponyms and the major ones in the surveyed area are simple or derived, collocations or periphrases. The majority of the place names were formed within Romanian language, with only few being of Slavic origin. In the last part of the study some linguistic aspects particular for the analyzed area are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The folk culture and social behavior of the peoples of the North Caucasus is described and analyzed. Mountain peoples and Slavic peoples, especially Russian Cossacks, are included in an in-depth discussion of historically derived "ethnoetiquette" that has implications for contemporary social and political relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article features Simeon J. Bolan, a book dealer. Bolan was said to be instrumental in the creation of Slavic collections in American research institutions. Among Bolan's clients were the New York Public Library, the Library of Congress, and university libraries of Harvard, Columbia and Yale. Other culture keepers mentioned include Bayard L. Kilgour Jr., who donated to the Houghton Library at Harvard the 1905 imprint of S. K. Makovskii's poems that contain Bolan's bookplate designed by Sergei Vasilevich Chekhonin. Bolan's collections came from book imports from Russia in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917. He stopped selling Russian books in 1936 when the Soviet government reduced its exports of rare books.