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This research aims to develop a Biology Science learning unit based on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) that is valid, practical and effective in accessing students' system thinking skills. The topic ,of the Biology Science learning unit is the water cycle. The development used the ADDIE model research and development for the research method. The research subjects were 32 grade VII students from State Junior High School in Jember. The research findings showed that the average validation result of STEM-based learning units was 95.3%. These can be considered valid. The Paired Sample Test result is 0.001 or less than 0.05, so there is a significant difference between the pretest and post-test results. The average effectiveness test score is 0.73, higher than the typical gain test score, and the results include the high criteria. Finally, the average percentage of practicality tests is in the high category of 89%. System thinking skills are needed in learning activities to describe and solve a problem using integrated STEM education. Therefore, the STEM-based learning unit on the water cycle topic could be applied in the learning process to acquire students' system thinking abilities in the Biology Science learning unit. Finally, assessing student responses during the learning using this learning unit is pivotal for future research.

This study analyzes the active role of P2TP2A Probolinggo City in searching of ‎problem solving of various domestic violence that occur in Probolinggo City. As ‎one of the government institutions formed through the mandate of the law, ‎P2TP2A strives to carry out its main task, namely receiving reports of domestic ‎violence cases and finding the best solution in solving them. The finding of the ‎analysis is that the existence of P2TP2A is very much felt by the community. ‎Every year there are always problems that are reported and resolved through ‎mediation so as to maintain household harmony. In some cases, it continues to go ‎to court because the victim is adamant to use legal throught judge.‎

Conservation of water resources is very important in the Afdeling area because the water is needed to provide water supply for the plant. The behavior of ethnic Madurese migrants in Kalibaru Afdeling becomes interesting to investigate because it differs from the Banyuwangi indigenous ethnic, Osing. The purpose of this research was to know the habits of the Madurese tribe in the conservation of water resources in the plantation area. This study used a qualitative method with a branched contractile approach, with some informants from three elements such as, residents, community leaders, and village coordinators. The result of this research shows that Sumber Pereng’s inhabitants have some ways to maintain water resource by keeping bamboo and cleaning the area every Rabu Wekasan, while Sumber Limak and Sumber Gueh's inhabitants always change the plants around the water resource, but they do nothing to maintain and conserve it. Water resource conservation is better in Sumber Pereng rather than in Sumber Limak and Sumber Gueh.

The purpose of the study was to determine the need for multireperentation modules to foster creative thinking skills in plant structure and function on science learning at junior high school. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The method used in the online form of questionnaires for teacher and students. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the percentage of the results of the number of answers given was divided by the total number of respondents multiplied by 100%. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 95.56% of teacher need a module as teaching material during COVID-19 Pandemic (2) 97.13% of students like teaching materials that contain multirepresentation (3) The reason of teacher need a multirepresentation module are guide for students in doing learning, facilitating distance learning, overcoming time constraints, making learning systematic and directed, representing the presence of teachers. The conclusion of this research is that it is necessary to develop teaching materials in the form of multireperentation modules to foster creative thinking skills in plant structure and function on science learning at junior high school.

In the 21st century, students are required to have scientific skills that are used to face globalization with advances in technology and knowledge. One of the skills that must be possessed by students is scientific literacy skills. Scientific literacy is very important to be owned and understood by students because students can analyze and understand the relationship between scientific concepts and problems that exist in the environment around students. This study analyzes profil of scientific literacy in class XI students in several high schools in Jember Regency. Scientific literacy indicators include explaining scientific phenomena, analyzing and interpreting data to draw conclusions, as well as evaluating and designing. This type of research is descriptive research with data collection by google form. Based on the google form, shows that 58% of indicators explain scientific phenomena with low category, for indicators to analyze and interpret data to draw conclusions to get 48% data in the very low category, while evaluating and designing indicators get 59% in the low category. Based on these data, it shows that the scientific literacy skills of class XI students in Jember City is still low.

This study aims to develop a STEM-CP based virus material textbook for grade X SMA students. The textbook is organized into a contextual textbook with problem-solving characteristics in the material Virus. Virus material was chosen based on contextual problems that are being faced by the world community, namely the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, students are expected to be be able to master material regarding the structure of the virus, as well as hone students critical thinking skills to solve problems in the right efforts to tackle the COVID-19 virus. The research method is Quasi Experiment with Pretest-Posttest without a control class. The data analysis was carried out by using mixed methods, which is the result of qualitative and quantitative data. The sample used was 30 students of class X SMA with problems. These results can be seen from the scores obtained by students. The prettest results of students critical thinking abilities before using STEM-CP-based virus textbooks were relatively low, namely 2,5 Unacceptable, but after using the value of students critical thinking skills relatively increased, namely 3,8 category Acceptable. This shows that the critical thinking skills possessed by students are better after students learn viral material using virus textbooks that are applied in learning.iresults of the N-gain scores of students in the Dessiminate class with an overall average of 0.80 in the high category This shows that STEM-Cp-based viral textbooks are effective in improving students cognitive abilities. &nbsp

Pembelajaran daring bukan suatu alasan untuk para pendidik tidak menggunakan suatu model pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran diterapkan dengan tujuan untuk melatih kemampuan berpikir salah satunya adalah keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif. Keterampilan abad 21 perlu dibelajarkan kepada peserta didik termasuk juga kepada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adakah hubungan antara keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pendidikan biologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian korelasional yang melibatkan 64 mahasiswa semester 2. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan instrumen rubrik keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan bantuan software aplikasi SPSS 23. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan ada hubungan positif antara keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif dengan hasil belajar mahasiswa dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001. Besar sumbangan relative keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif dengan hasil belajar sebesar 21,5%. Besar sumbangan efektif keterampilan berpikir kritis 3,5% dan sumbangan efektif keterampilan metakognitif 18% terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pendidikan biologi. Adanya hubungan yang signifikan ini maka disarankan untuk para pendidik khususnya dosen mempertimbangan model RWRS agar diterapkan di pembelajaran agar mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar mahasiswa.

ABTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe the understanding of the geometry concept of the fourth grade students of SD Negeri Candi 01 after the implementation of a problem based learning model containing ethnomatematics. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The selection of research subjects was selected by purposive sampling technique based on the learning achievement of students, which were classified into three high, medium and low learning achievements. The subject of high learning achievement and being able to restate a concept. The subject is always active in every stage of learning activities. The subject of low learning achievement is less able to express money as a concept. They tend to be less active in the learning process which includes being less active in asking questions if they experience difficulties and in group discussions they still depend on friends and teacher guidance. All three subjects were able to use and utilize and select procedures to solve the perimeter and area of squares, rectangles and triangles, but experienced errors in determining the area and perimeter formulas for squares and rectangles. The subject of high learning achievement is the only subject that is able to apply the concept in problem solving. The subject uses the plan he devised to solve the problem and then communicates his conclusion correctly. Keywords : Ethnomatematics, Problem Based Learning, Understanding of Geometry Concepts ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep geometri peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri Candi 01 setelah implementasi model problem based learning bermuatan etnomatematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pemilihan subyek penelitian dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan prestasi belajar peserta didik, yang digolongkan menjadi tiga prestasi belajar tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Subjek prestasi belajar tinggi dan sedang mampu dalam menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep. Subjek selalu aktif dalam setiap tahapan kegiatan pembelajaran. Subjek prestasi belajar rendah kurang mampu dalam menyatakan uang sebuah konsep. Mereka cenderung kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran yang meliputi kurang aktif dalam bertanya jika mengalami kesulitan dan dalam diskusi kelompok masih bergantung pada teman dan bimbingan guru. Ketiga subjek mampu menggunakan dan memanfaatkan serta memilih prosedur untuk menyelesaikan keliling dan luas persegi, persegi panjang dan segitiga, tetapi mengalami kesalahan dalam menentukan rumus luas dan keliling persegi dan persegi panjang. Subjek prestasi belajar tinggi merupakan satu-satunya subjek yang mampu mengaplikasikan konsep dalam pemecahan masalah. Subjek menggunakan rencana yang dibuat untuk menyelesaikan masalah, lalu mengkomunikasikan kesimpulannya dengan benar. Kata kunci : Etnomatematika, Pemahaman Konsep Geometri, Problem Based Learning

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara spesifik tentang implementasi penguatan pendidikan karakter(PPK) berbasis masyarakat pada SD di Kota Semarang. Penelitian yang digunakan metode deskriptifpendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian inimenggunakan metode checklist, observasi, wawancara semi terstruktur dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis datadilakukan dengan model analisis interaktif. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasiteknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implemntasi PPK berbasis masyarakat melaluipemanfaatan sumber pembelajaran yang terdapat pada lingkungan sekitar dengan bekerjasama ataukolaborasi dengan masyarakat melalui kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis cagar budaya, musium, dan sanggarseni seperti Kota Lama Semarang, Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah, taman budaya Raden Saleh, LawangSewu, dan musium Ronggowasito, kerjasama dengan seniman dan budayawan sekitar dalam latihanekstrakulikuler seni tari dan lukis; kelas inspirasi dengan mendatangkan narasumber tokoh profesionalseperti dokter, tentara, polisi untuk mengisi kegiatan pembelajaran dalam ruang kelas dan di luar ruangkelas; gerakan literasi berkolaborasi dengan, PERPUSDA, percetakan, toko buku; kerjasama dengan PTNdan PTS meliputi riset pembelajaran, pengembangan inovasi pembelajaran, evaluasi menejemen sekolah;kerjasama sekolah dan komunitas keagamaan berupa rebana dan BTQ.

Provision of teaching materials in term of module can be an alternative to meet the learning needs of science. The study aimed at describing science module constructed based on Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics (STEAM) equipped with valid and effective biotechnology games for learning science in junior high school. This Research and Development (R&D) was developed using the 4D model (Thiagarajan). This research was conducted at MTsN (State of Islamic Secondary School) 2 Jember, involved 30 IX graders. The design used was one group pretest-posttest design as the test of effectiveness. This study used STEAM-based science module equipped with biotechnology games, test, and validation sheets as research instruments. The validation results by experts were converted into categories. The effectivity test data was analyzed using N-gain and paired samples t-test. The average of validation results of material, media, and users was 87.17 (very valid). The effectivity test results showed the increase of students’ cognitive learning outcome [N-gain value = 0.72 (high category), t(29) = 9.030, p < 0.05]. Therefore, the module developed is valid and effective in improving the learning of biotechnology science which means that the use of this module is recommended to be implemented in biotechnology learning process.

Due to the global trend and the international application of STEM education as well as in/post-pandemic COVID-19 condition, this ongoing study aims to elucidate the development progress of an online STEM teachers’ professional development (STEM-TPD) package with the DECODE model. In this/post-pandemic era, online STEM education has been gradually emphasized. The researchers sustained the rationale for organizing STEM-TPDs to improve teacher practices by enhancing superior knowledge needed for the betterment of STEM implementations. Indeed, the DECODE model includes three stages: (1) DE: teacher’s DEmonstrations, (2) CO: students CO-train the use of cloud classroom, students CO-design an educational technology-integrated course, and (3) DE: students CO-teach, eventually students receive feedbacks and DEbrief what they have learned through the stages mentioned above. Moreover, face and content validity have been deployed to guarantee the quality of the developed packages. The ongoing result from this study is produced to validate the online STEM-TPD package with the DECODE model. Moreover, the package comprises manual training, a set of assessments, and an innovative webpage. Through this online DECODE model with the package, teachers are equipped: to familiarize themselves with various software technology and platforms; enhance their knowledge and abilities in assessment design, instructional design, and practical implementation (TPACK); to effectively teach or guide students in STEM activities, and to effectively improve their STEM literacy.

This study aims to determine the development of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) biology education pre-service teachers using research-based biotechnology book equipped with a virtual laboratory. This research was conducted at the Biology Education Program-University of Jember, which involved 32 pre-service teachers who took the biotechnology course. This research applied Reflective, Recursive, Design, and Development (R2D2) design model and paired sample t-test to figure out differences between before and after using the developed product. The validation process involved six experts of content, media development, and user. The results of the book and virtual laboratory validation showed an average value of 86.17%, which is classified as a very valid category. The pre-service teacher response revealed an excellent value of 80.58%. Subsequently, a biotechnology book and virtual laboratory were used to test the TPACK competencies level of biology pre-service teachers. The paired sample t-test results showed 0,000 values, which means there were significant differences before and after the use of the research-based book and virtual laboratory developed. To summarize, a research-based biotechnology book equipped with a virtual laboratory can increase TPACK of biology pre-service teachers and recommend them as tools to teach biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.11.1 8

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة تأثير أخذ المستخلص مايرميليون فورميكاريوس (ليث عفرين) عن طريق الفم على أنسجة الكبد والكلى في الفئران المصابة بالسكري الناجم عن الستربتوزوتوزين. طرق البحث: تم تحضير ٢٤ فأرا عن طريق حقنهم بجرعة واحدة من الستربتوزوتوزين داخل الصفاق وتم تقسيمهم إلى ست مجموعات. مجموعة المراقبة السلبية، ومجموعة المراقبة الإيجابية التي عولجت بغليبينكلاميد. تلقت أربع مجموعات علاجية مستخلص مايرميليون فورميكاريوس (ليث عفرين) بجرعة ٢.٥، و٥، و٧.٥، و١٠ مجم/كجم من وزن الجسم، على التوالي. ثم استخدمت مقاطع رقيقة دائمة لدراسة أنسجة الكبد والكلى للفئران. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن الجرعة الأنسب لخفض مستويات الجلوكوز في الدم بعد يومين من العلاج كانت ١٠ مجم/ كجم من وزن الجسم لمستخلص مايرميليون فورميكاريوس (ليث عفرين). أظهر الفحص النسيجي للكبد والكلى أن مستخلص ليث عفرين ١٠ مجم/كجم من وزن الجسم و٥ مجم/كجم من وزن الجسم ينتج تأثيرات إصلاحية أكثر على الأنسجة التالفة. الاستنتاجات: مستخلص مايرميليون فورميكاريوس (ليث عفرين) كانت له القدرة على خفض مستوى السكر في الدم كما كانت له أيضا القدرة على إصلاح تلف الأعضاء الناجم عن ارتفاع السكر في الدم. Abstract: Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Myrmeleon formicarius (antlion) extract on liver and kidney histology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Twenty-four mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and were then divided into six groups. Untreated diabetic mice served as the negative control group, and glibenclamide-treated mice served as the positive control group. Mice in the other four groups, namely T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups, received M. formicarius (antlion) extract at 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Permanent thin sections were used to examine liver and kidney histology. Results: The most appropriate antihyperglycaemic dosage of the M. formicarius extract was 10 mg/kg for 2 days. Histological examination of the liver and kidneys showed that the antlion extract at 10 and 5 mg/kg exhibited significant tissue-repair effects. Conclusion: M. formicarius (antlion) extract can not only reduce blood glucose levels but also repair hyperglycaemia-induced tissue damage. الكلمات المفتاحية: ليث عفرين, علم الأنسجة, ارتفاع السكر في الدم, الكلى, الكبد, Keywords: Antlion, Histology, Hyperglycaemia, Kidney, Liver

The purpose of the study was to determine the need for multireperentation modules to foster creative thinking skills in plant structure and function on science learning at junior high school. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The method used in the online form of questionnaires for teacher and students. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the percentage of the results of the number of answers given was divided by the total number of respondents multiplied by 100%. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 95.56% of teacher need a module as teaching material during COVID-19 Pandemic (2) 97.13% of students like teaching materials that contain multirepresentation (3) The reason of teacher need a multirepresentation moduleare guide for students in doing learning, facilitating distance learning, overcoming time constraints, making learning systematic and directed, representing the presence of teachers. The conclusion of this research is that it is necessary to develop teaching materials in the form of multireperentation modules to foster creative thinking skills in plant structure and function on science learning at junior high school. &nbsp

This aims of research to determine the effectiveness of science textbooks based on Socio-scientific Issues to improve students creative thinking abilities. Creative thinking in 21st-century learning is very important and must be trained. Based on several observational samples, the average creative thinking ability of junior high school students is less optimal, especially for aspects of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. This may be because the textbooks used in learning have not optimally loaded content that trains creative thinking. This research uses the form of one group pretest-posttest design so that the N-Gain value is obtained, the results of which are used to represent the effectiveness of science textbooks based on Socio-Scientific Issues used on learning in biotechnology materials in junior high schools.

This article dicussses how the digestive system e-module based on integrated STEM is used to improve student’sscientific literacy and learning outcome. Scientific literacy is a person's ability to understand science, communicate science, and apply scientific knowledge to solve problems so that they have a high attitude and sensitivity to themselves and their environment in making decisions based on scientific considerations. This research is a development research). The method used is development model suggested by Borg and Gall (1989) in Sugiyono (2015). The research stages are, 1) Potential Problems; 2) Data Collection, 3) Product Design, 4) Product Review; 5) Design Revision; 6) Design Validation; 7) Product trial; 8) Product Revision; 9) Mass Product Manufacturing. The result of pre-research question given to students, it is known that from 37 students 34 of them have low or incomplete scientific literacy scores. So that 91.8% of students have a low level of scientific literacy and 8.1% of students have a good level of scientific literacy. The scientific literacy domain which has the lowest score is science attitude and the final product of the learning using e-module is gerd candy made by students. The developed of e-module is based on a STEM approach consisting of four aspects, namely: (1) Science; (2) Technology; (3) Engineering; and (4) Mathematics. This module is developed to increase students’ scientific literacy for four domains, namely: (1) the context of science; (2) Science knowledge; (3) Science competence; and (4) scientific attitude.

The ability to think critically is the main ability needed for graduates in the 21st century. In this regard the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning learning model with experimental task methods that can trigger critical thinking skills. This type of research is a quasi-experiment using pre-test and post-test. The population used is the XII grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Jember in the 2018/2019 academic year. The research sample used was selected through purposive random sampling. The analysis used is Covariance Analysis. The results showed that the average difference in the value of critical thinking skills of the experimental class students was higher than the control class, which was 31 for the experimental class and 24 for the control class, with significance results (Sig = 0,000). This is because PBL is a learning model that uses contextual problems so that students actively build knowledge and can accommodate the development of critical thinking skills. In conclusion, the Problem-Based Learning learning model with the experimental assignment method triggers an increase in students' critical thinking skills.

This article discusses the importance of Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in science learning in the 21st century. Technological Pedagogical Content and Knowledge (TPACK) is currently considered as an important knowledge for highly qualified teachers . TPACK describes the knowledge synthesized from each field of knowledge with a focus on how technology can be tailored to be faced with pedagogical needs to teach the right content in a particular context. Teachers \' pedagogy thinking skills affect the basic knowledge of teachers needed to develop TPACK. The writing of this article was conducted through a systematic review of the articles relating to the Use of the Pedagogical Content and Knowledge (TPACK) problem in science teachers. Sorting articles used in this review was by reading abstract and content. The result of sorting, obtained 16 best articles. There were three phases in conducting qualitative data analysis, namely: (1) data reduction, (2) The data feed, and (3) the withdrawal of conclusions. The TPACK on contextual factors and pedagogical reasoning of the teacher affects the ability of teachers to enact their classes and what they learn in school. Teachers \' pedagogy thinking skills affect the basic knowledge of teachers needed to develop TPACK. A teacher educator should be more stressed on how teachers integrate technology in their teaching practice rather than emphasizing what teachers integrate in teaching practice Their. In summary, it is important to integrate TPACK to improve the professionalism of science teachers.

Religious value is a person's religious value towards absolute divine truth, religious values are also reflected in everyday life as well as speaking well, having good morals, ethics, politeness towards people who are older than him. The formulation of the problem in this research has three aspects, namely (1) How is the religious value of the character Langit and his God in the novel Lintang Langit Pada Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum. (2) How is the religious value of the character Langit and his fellows in the novel Lintang Langit at Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum. (3) How is the religious value of the character Langit with nature in the novel Lintang Langit at Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum. The objectives of this study are: (1) To describe the religious values of the character Langit and his God in the novel Lintang Langit Pada Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum. (2) Describing the religious value of the character Langit and his fellows in the novel Lintang Langit at Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum. (3) Describing the religious values of Langit and nature in the novel Lintang Langit at Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method using a Sociology of Literature approach. Research that looks for verbal data in the form of written words or sentences that show the attitude of life and behavior of the main character (Langit) in the novel Lintang Langit at Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum.The conclusion of the novel Lintang Langit at Senja by Ririn Astutiningrum is a work of fiction that serves to provide an inner experience of moral values. In religious values reflect various things related to life problems that are expressed through the attitudes and behavior of the characters. These noble qualities are: The religious values of the main character of Langit and his God in the form of piety, patience, sincerity and faith. The religious values of the main character of Langit towards others in the form of compassion, togetherness in life, respect for others and fairness to others. The religious value of the main character of Langit with nature in the form of protecting and preserving the natural environment.

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of STEM-based Science Student Worksheet in improving multiple representation abilities of junior high school students. This research is expected to be the basis to find out more about the success rate of students through the use of STEM-based Science Student Worksheet. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 Rowokangkung, Lumajang Regency, precisely on 10, 12, 14 and 16 March 2018 in class VIIIC which amounted to 23 students, in Even Semester of Lesson Year 2017/2018. The design of this study is a pre-experimental one-pretest-posttest design. The result of the research shows that based on the average value of each cycle, there is improvement found in student multiple representation capabilities after using STEM-based Science Student Worksheet. It is characterized by the average of the post-test score that is better than the average of pre-test score. The increasing multiple representation abilities can also be seen from the N-gain value in each cycle which belongs to the high category with the value of N-gain of the 1st cycle is 0.702, the 2nd cycle is 0.747, the 3rd cycle is 0.700, and the 4th cycle is 0.707. Based on the research, it can be concluded that STEM-based Science Student Worksheet is effective to improve multiple representation abilities of junior high school students.

The curriculum in Philippines different with the curriculum in Indonesia. This make the learning process and the problems faced by students in Indonesia and Philippines different. One of the problems experienced by students is caused by the lack of variation in strategies in the teaching and learning process. The instructional model used by the teacher is to upgrade student learning outcomes, especially on high-level cognitive, in this research especially problem solving abilities. Instructional method used by researchers is Problem Based Learning (PBL) with a pretest posttest design. Data of this research obtained quantitatively and using the mean before and after the test. This study used control class and experimental class on material cells to organism. The results show that the experimental class has a higher average value of 88.6 compared to the control class, 81.9. These results indicate that PBL successfully increases learning activities and students can follow the learning model using PBL.

One of the requirements for the process of conducting education can take place effectively, namely the enforcement of student discipline both in attendance and participation in the education process, namely the application of punishment. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of punishment on students, the method is descriptive method, because the descriptive method intends to solve the problem of describing something state / subject based objects on what it is. The form of research is an interrelationship study, namely by conducting data collection. The result of this study is percentage that has a comparative analysis of mild and severe penalties in the form of a ratio. Respondents clearly stated that physical punishment had an effect on students' academic / career achievements (65%) while mild physical punishment had an adverse negative impact (35%). Looking further at the effects of physical punishment, it was observed that severe and severe penalties prevented class participation, reduced attendance and increased the dropout rate shown by respondents as wise. According to the explanation above, it can be concluded that the application of penalties, especially physical punishment to students will make students feel depressed and afraid that will have an impact on student psychology.

Many people commonly are using surface water as the main source for clean and drinking water.Ironically, the quality of surface water decreases from time to time due to domestic and industrialpollution. Earthen pots with colloidal silver applied on their surface created simple coated filters where thesilver coating serves as a disinfectant that render the product water ready for consumption.This is a descriptive pre-experimental research, using one group pretest-posttest design, that isto evaluate water treatment to produce water ready for consumption by analyzing the water quality,before and after treatment with the unit, especially with regard to physical and microbioloqical parametersaccording to PERMENKES/N0.492/ MENKES/PER/IV/2010re: drinking water quality requirements.Measurements indicated that pottery filter with a mixture of clay-bran 40% is fastest flowfiltration flow filtration, which meant 5 liters of filtrate out in 21 minutes. Meanwhile a mixture clay-wood20% with an average flow of (Q) 0.254 It / jm was slowest.However clay-rice bran mixture 20% was themost is stable. Result of microbiological examination on pond water (raw condition) indicated a Coli MPNIndex of >2400, and E Coli index of 1600. After filtration with six pots coated with colloidal silversignificant reduction ini microbiological parameter was observed, indicated by MPN. Coliand E Coli indicesof O. Initial (physical) condition of the pond water have indicated no odour, no colour, no taste, and theturbidity level was 11.78 NTU, TDS level was 142mg/L, temperature was 27°C and pH 5.5. After passingthrough six filter pots coated with silver colloids, physicsl parameter i.e. TDS and turbidity decreased, andpH was normal.With respect to Permenkes No. 416/1990 and Permenkes No. 492/2010 on requirements forpotable water and drinking water respectively, suggestion for follow up research on filter pots coated withcolloidal silver pertaining to the chemistry parameters.Keywords: clay pot tilters, colloidal sitver. Coliform, TDS, turbidity, pH, cotor; temperature,odour and taste.