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Additional file 4. Phylogenetic analysis of bilaterian kisspeptin-type receptors, including expanded receptor families in the starfish A. rubens (ArubKPR1-11), other echinoderms, and Branchiostoma floridae. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method, LG+G4 amino-acid substitution model, and rooted with galanin/allatostatin-A-type receptors as an outgroup. Boostrap support for each node is stated according to SH-aLRT/UFBoot methods. The scale bar indicates amino acid substitutions per site. Species names are as follows: Apla, Acanthaster planci; Ajap, Apostichopus japonicus; Arub, Asterias rubens, Anjap Annessia japonica; Bbel, Branchiostoma belcheri; Bflo B. floridae; Ctel, Capitella teleta; Cgig, Crassostrea gigas; Hsap, Homo sapines; Lcha, Latimeria chalumnae; Locu, Lepisosteus oculatus; Lgig, Lottia gigantea; Mmus, Mus musculus; Pdum, Platynereis dumerilii; Pbiv, Python bivittatus; Skow, Saccoglossus kowalevskii; Spur, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Xlae Xenopus laevis; Xtro, X. tropicalis. Accession numbers for the sequences of the receptors included in this tree are listed in additional file 3.

Additional file 18. Mass spectra for peptides derived from the A. rubens precursor proteins ArKPP1, ArKPP2, ArL-SALMFaP and ArF-SALMFaP as detected in radial nerve cord extracts.

Additional file 20. A. Concentration-response graph comparing the potency/efficacy of S2 (S2.3; EC50 = 2.93 x 10-8 M) and a ‘cocktail’ of neuropeptides derived from the F-type SALMFamide precursor (EC50 = 1.33 × 10-9 M) as ligands for ArKPR6. B. Concentration-response graph comparing the potency and efficacy of S1 (S1.4; EC50 = 4.79 x 10-9 M) and a ‘cocktail’ of neuropeptides derived from the L-type SALMFamide precursor (EC50 = 2.43 × 10-9 M) as ligands for ArKPR7. Each point represents mean values (± S.E.M.) from at least four independent experiments, with each experiment performed in triplicate. Luminescence is expressed as a percentage of the maximal response observed in each experiment. The source data for these experiments are provided in additional file 15.

Additional file 5. Phylogenetic analysis of bilaterian kisspeptin-type receptors, including expanded receptor families in the starfish A. rubens (ArubKPR1-11) and other echinoderms. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method, WAG+G4 amino-acid substitution model, and rooted with galanin/allatostatin-A-type receptors as an outgroup. Boostrap support for each node is stated according to SH-aLRT/UFBoot methods. The scale bar indicates amino acid substitutions per site. Species names are as follows: Ajap, Apostichopus japonicus; Arub, Asterias rubens, Anjap Annessia japonica; Bflo, Branchiostoma floridae; Cgig, Crassostrea gigas; Hsap, Homo sapines; Locu, Lepisosteus oculatus; Pdum, Platynereis dumerilii; Skow, Saccoglossus kowalevskii; Spur, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Xtro Xenopus tropicalis. Accession numbers for the sequences of the receptors included in this tree are listed in additional file 3.

Additional file 7. CLuster Analysis of Sequences (CLANS) of receptors identified by BLAST analysis of bilaterian proteomes using human and S. purpuratus kisspeptin-type receptors as queries. BLOSUM62 cluster map shows kisspeptin-type receptors, the closely related galanin/allatostatin-A-type receptors, and other neuropeptide receptor families: allatotropin/orexin, neuropeptide Y, tachykinin, somatostatin/allatostatin-C, CCHamide/gastrin-releasing peptide. Nodes are labelled with taxon-specific shapes and colors, as shown in the key. Connections represent BLAST relationships with a P value > 1e-40. All family names of receptors are labelled in the figure. The accession numbers for the receptors shown in this figure are provided in additional file 2.

Additional file 6. Phylogenetic analysis of bilaterian kisspeptin-type receptors, including expanded receptor families in the starfish A. rubens (ArubKPR1-11) and other echinoderms. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Bayesian method, WAG+G4 amino-acid substitution model, and rooted with galanin/allatostatin-A-type receptors as an outgroup. Probabilities for nodes are stated according to SH-aLRT/UFBoot methods. The scale bar indicates amino acid substitutions per site. Species names are as follows: Ajap, Apostichopus japonicus; Arub, Asterias rubens, Anjap Annessia japonica; Bflo, Branchiostoma floridae; Cgig, Crassostrea gigas; Hsap, Homo sapines; Locu, Lepisosteus oculatus; Pdum, Platynereis dumerilii; Skow, Saccoglossus kowalevskii; Spur, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Xtro Xenopus tropicalis. Accession numbers for the sequences of the receptors included in this tree are listed in additional file 3.

Additional file 8. CLuster Analysis of Sequences (CLANS) of A. rubens kisspeptin-type receptors (ArKPR1-11) and other kisspeptin-type receptors from bilaterian taxa. BLOSUM62 cluster map of kisspeptin-type receptors and the closely related galanin/allatostatin-A-type receptors. Nodes are labelled with taxon-specific shapes and colors, as shown in the key. Connections represent BLAST relationships with a P value > 1e-40. Galanin/allatostatin-A-type receptors are enclosed within the dashed line. Names shown in dark blue with an associated symbol containing a blue dot are the receptors for which neuropeptide ligands have been identified experimentally in this study or others. Names shown in black with an associated symbol containing a black dot are A. rubens kisspeptin-type receptors for which neuropeptide ligands have yet to be identified. The accession numbers for the receptors shown in this figure are provided in additional file 3.

Objective. To evaluate the outcomes of face-to-face, digital, and virtual modes of dancing for people living with Parkinson's disease (PD). Design. Systematic review informed by Cochrane and PRIMSA guidelines. Data Sources. Seven electronic databases were searched: AMED, Cochrane, PEDro, CINHAL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Methods. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCT) and other trials with quantitative data. The PEDro scale evaluated risk of bias for RCTs. Joanna Briggs Institute instruments were used to critically appraise non-RCTs. The primary outcome was the feasibility of dance interventions, and the secondary outcomes included gait, balance, quality of life, and disability. Results. The search yielded 8,327 articles after duplicates were removed and 38 met the inclusion criteria. Seven were at high risk of bias, 20 had moderate risk of bias, and 11 had low risk of bias. There was moderately strong evidence that dance therapy was beneficial for balance, gait, quality of life, and disability. There was good adherence to digital delivery of dance interventions and, for people with PD, online dance was easy to access. Conclusion. Dancing is an accessible form of exercise that can benefit mobility and quality of life in people with PD. The COVID-19 pandemic and this review have drawn attention to the benefits of access to digital modes of physical activity for people living with chronic neurological conditions.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-3-nnr-10.1177_15459683211046254 for Online Dance Therapy for People With Parkinson’s Disease: Feasibility and Impact on Consumer Engagement by Meg E. Morris, Susan C. Slade, Joanne E. Wittwer, Irene Blackberry, Simon Haines, Madeleine E. Hackney and Victor B. McConvey in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-nnr-10.1177_15459683211046254 for Online Dance Therapy for People With Parkinson’s Disease: Feasibility and Impact on Consumer Engagement by Meg E. Morris, Susan C. Slade, Joanne E. Wittwer, Irene Blackberry, Simon Haines, Madeleine E. Hackney and Victor B. McConvey in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair

Hospital falls remain an intractable problem worldwide and patient education is one approach to falls mitigation. Although educating patients can help their understanding of risks and empower them with prevention strategies, patient experiences of hospital falls education are poorly understood. This study aimed to understand the perspectives and preferences of hospitalized patients about falls prevention education. Three focus groups were conducted in Australian hospitals. A phenomenological approach was used to explore patient perspectives and data were analyzed thematically. The focus groups revealed that most people did not realize their own risk of falling whilst an inpatient. Experiences of falls prevention education were inconsistent and sometimes linked to beliefs that falls were not relevant to them because they were being cared for in hospital. Other barriers to falls mitigation included poor patient knowledge about hospital falls risk and inconsistencies in the delivery of falls prevention education. A strong theme was that individualized, consistent education, and small interactive groups were helpful.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-nnr-10.1177_15459683211046254 for Online Dance Therapy for People With Parkinson’s Disease: Feasibility and Impact on Consumer Engagement by Meg E. Morris, Susan C. Slade, Joanne E. Wittwer, Irene Blackberry, Simon Haines, Madeleine E. Hackney and Victor B. McConvey in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

© Copyright © 2021 Morris, Slade, Bruce, McGinley and Bloem. Background: People living with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) can experience considerable difficulties with movement, walking, balance, and oculomotor control. The role of exercises and physical activities in mitigating the motor and non-motor symptoms of PSP remains uncertain. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the perspectives and beliefs of health professionals about the benefits, enablers, and barriers to participation in exercise and physical activity across the course of disease progression of PSP. Methods: Qualitative methods, within a phenomenological framework, were used to obtain nursing and allied health professional perspectives and recommendations. Focus group and in-depth interview questions were derived from a systematic review on exercise for PSP. Expert opinions also guided the interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and de-identified. Two researchers independently conducted a thematic analysis. Results: Nineteen health professionals participated from the disciplines of nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech pathology. Four main themes emerged: (i) exercise and physical activities are important for living well with PSP; (ii) provision of information about the benefits of exercise and physical activities facilitates uptake; (iii) interdisciplinary teams work together to improve outcomes; and (iv) care partners can assist with the implementation of exercise and physical activities. Conclusion: Health professionals advocated physical therapies for people living with PSP. The expectation is that structured exercises and physical activities can help to optimize health and well-being, enabling people to continue to participate in social roles. The actual merits of such interventions must now be tested in large-scale controlled clinical trials.

© 2020 Slade et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a debilitating form of atypical Parkinsonism. People living with PSP experience movement disorders affecting walking, balance and eye movements. The role of exercise in optimising movement remains unclear. Aims To identify beliefs about exercise and structured physical activity through the experience of people with PSP. Methods Using a phenomenological theoretical framework, qualitative methods were employed to obtain the views of people living with PSP, and their care partners, by in-depth interviews. Questions derived from a systematic review and expert opinions guided the interviews which were audio-recorded, transcribed and de-identified. Two researchers independently conducted thematic analysis and reached consensus on emerging themes. Results There were 16 participants. Four themes were identified: (i) there are beliefs and preferences about exercise and physical activity that can impact on engagement; (ii) difficulty coping with disease progression impacts activities; (iii) facilitators to exercise include individual preferences, access to facilities and expert advice; and (iv) perceived barriers include beliefs about limited exercise options, falls risk, cost, transport and access to credible information. Discussion People living with PSP want early guidance about the condition and the role of exercise. It is important to quickly enable people to have access to evidence and resources supporting exercise and structured physical activities. Consideration of individual preferences and access to expert advice facilitate engagement. Individual barriers need to be identified and solutions found. Conclusion People living with PSP are amenable to exercise, especially early in the disease process. Clear guidelines are warranted to document which exercises, and physical activities are most beneficial.