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16. Experimental Apparatus for Measuring the Performance of a Precooled Mixed Gas Joule Thomson Cryoprobe.

Author

Skye, Harrison M., Klein, Sanford A., and Nellis, Gregory F.

Subjects
*CRYOSURGERY, *EXPERIMENTS, *GAS mixtures, *JOULE-Thomson effect, *CRYOBIOLOGY, *PERFORMANCE evaluation
Abstract

Cryosurgery is a technique for destroying undesirable tissue such as cancers using a freezing process. A previous ASHRAE paper describes the development of a thermodynamic modeling tool for a precooled Mixed Gas Joule-Thomson (MGJT) cryoprobe used for cryosurgery. An experimental test facility has been constructed to measure the performance of a precooled MGJT cryoprobe; the experimental data will be used to tune and verify the model, and to demonstrate additional cooling capacity available with the optimal mixture compositions and operating parameters selected by the model. A commercially available cryoprobe system has been modified to integrate measurement instrumentation that is sufficient to characterize the performance of the individual components as well as the overall system. Measurements include temperature and pressure sensors to resolve thermodynamic states, and flow meters to calculate heat and work transfer rates. A thermal load is applied using an electric heater to characterize the refrigeration performance. Temperature measurements located inside of the recuperator are used to capture the heat transfer performance of the two-phase, multi-component mixture. An uncertainty analysis for the experiment is presented which shows that the performance targets can be computed from the measurements with an uncertainty of less than 10% under nominal operating conditions using both a synthetic refrigerant and hydrocarbon based gas mixture. Preliminary data for a mixture of R23, R14 and argon are reduced and presented in order to demonstrate the computation of various performance metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

17. Residential net-zero energy buildings: Review and perspective.

Author

Wei, Wu and Skye, Harrison M.

Subjects
*RENEWABLE energy sources, *POWER resources, *PHASE change materials, *HEATING from central stations, *ENERGY consumption, *COMMERCIAL building energy consumption
Abstract

Advancements in residential net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) could significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. NZEB design considerations broadly categorize into energy infrastructure connections, renewable energy sources, and energy-efficiency measures. There is a lack of systematic literature review focused on recent progress in residential NZEBs. Therefore, this work provides an overview of each category including recent developments (last ≈ 10 years), aiming to provide references and support of wider and more successful implementation of residential NZEBs throughout the globe. The discussed energy infrastructure connections include electrical grids, district heating/cooling networks, and energy storage options including vehicle-to-home and hydrogen storage. Renewable energy sources considered here are solar photovoltaic and solar thermal, wind, and biomass including micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems. The final category detailed is energy-efficiency measures, which include improved building envelope designs, efficient HVAC systems, efficient domestic hot water systems, and phase change material integration. Within these categories there are many technology options, which makes selecting the 'best' configuration more difficult but allows design flexibility to adapt to local climates and other considerations (i.e. building codes, energy resources, costs). This paper provides references and highlights technology options to achieve residential NZEBs throughout the world. [Display omitted] • Overview of net-zero energy building (NZEB) development, research, strategies, and implementation targets. • Renewable energy sources: solar photovoltaic (PV), solar PV/T, solar thermal, wind, biomass, combined heat & power. • Infrastructure connections: electric grid, district heating/cooling, energy storage. • Energy-efficiency measures: building envelope design, HVAC, hot water, phase-change material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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