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167 results on '"Skinner, Robert D."'

3. Effects of glutamate receptor agonists on the p13 auditory evoked potential and startle response in the rat.

Author

Simon, Christen, Wallace-Huitt, Tiffany, Thapa, Priyenka, Skinner, Robert D, and Garcia-Rill, Edgar

Subjects
N-methyl-d-aspartic acid, P13 auditory evoked potential, arousal, glutamate, kainate, pedunculopontine nucleus, startle response, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology
Abstract

The P13 potential is the rodent equivalent of the P50 potential, which is an evoked response recorded at the vertex (Vx) 50 ms following an auditory stimulus in humans. Both the P13 and P50 potentials are only present during waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and are considered to be measures of level of arousal. The source of the P13 and P50 potentials appears to be the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), a brainstem nucleus with indirect ascending projections to the cortex through the intralaminar thalamus, mediating arousal, and descending inhibitory projections to the caudal pontine reticular formation (CPRF), which mediates the auditory startle response (SR). We tested the hypothesis that intracranial microinjection (ICM) of glutamate (GLU) or GLU receptor agonists will increase the activity of PPN neurons, resulting in an increased P13 potential response, and decreased SR due to inhibitory projections from the PPN to the CPRF, in freely moving animals. Cannulae were inserted into the PPN to inject neuroactive agents, screws were inserted into the Vx in order to record the P13 potential, and electrodes inserted into the dorsal nuchal muscle to record electromyograms and SR amplitude. Our results showed that ICM of GLU into the PPN dose-dependently increased the amplitude of the P13 potential and decreased the amplitude of the SR. Similarly, ICM of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid or kainate into the PPN increased the amplitude of the P13 potential. These findings indicate that glutamatergic input to the PPN plays a role in arousal control in vivo, and changes in glutamatergic input, or excitability of PPN neurons, could be implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders with the common symptoms of hyperarousal and REM sleep dysregulation.

Published
2011

19. Effects of rotation on the sleep state-dependent midlatency auditory evoked P50 potential in the human

Author

Dornhoffer, John L, Mamiya, N, Bray, P, Skinner, Robert D, and Garcia-Rill, Edgar

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

Sopite syndrome, characterized by loss of initiative, sensitivity to normally innocuous sensory stimuli, and impaired concentration amounting to a sensory gating deficit, is commonly associated with Space Motion Sickness (SMS). The amplitude of the P50 potential is a measure of level of arousal, and a paired-stimulus paradigm can be used to measure sensory gating. We used the rotary chair to elicit the sensory mismatch that occurs with SMS by overstimulating the vestibular apparatus. The effects of rotation on the manifestation of the P50 midlatency auditory evoked response were then assessed as a measure of arousal and distractibility. Results showed that rotation-induced motion sickness produced no change in the level of arousal but did produce a significant deficit in sensory gating, indicating that some of the attentional and cognitive deficits observed with SMS may be due to distractibility induced by decreased habituation to repetitive stimuli.

Published
2002

27. Cold pressor stimulation diminishes P50 amplitude in normal subjects

Author

Woods, Adam J, Philbeck, John W, Chelette, Kenneth, Skinner, Robert D, Garcia-Rill, Edgar, Mennemeier, Mark, Woods, Adam J, Philbeck, John W, Chelette, Kenneth, Skinner, Robert D, Garcia-Rill, Edgar, and Mennemeier, Mark

Abstract

The present study examined how cold pressor stimulation influences electrophysiological correlates of arousal. We measured the P50 auditory evoked response potential in two groups of subjects who immersed their foot in either cold (0-2 degreees Celsius) or room temperature (22-24 degreees Celsius) water for 50 seconds. The P50, which was recorded before and after stimulation, is sleep-state dependent and sensitive to states of arousal in clinical populations. We found a significant reduction in P50 amplitude after exposure to cold, but not room temperature water. In comparison with other studies, these results indicate that cold pressor stimulation in normal subjects may evoke a regulatory process that modulates the P50 amplitude, perhaps to preserve the integrity of sensory perception, even as autonomic and subjective aspects of arousal increase.

Published
2011

30. Three variations in rabbit angiographic stroke models

Author

Culp, William C., primary, Woods, Sean D., additional, Brown, Aliza T., additional, Lowery, John D., additional, Hennings, Leah J., additional, Skinner, Robert D., additional, Borrelli, Michael J., additional, and Roberson, Paula K., additional

Published
2013
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41. Poster 113

Author

Fann, Alice V., primary, Preston, Michael A., additional, Skinner, Robert D., additional, and Garcia-Rill, Edgar, additional

Published
2003
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