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Ozone-induced visible injury to plants is relatively common in NorthAmerica but has rarely been reported in Europe. The south of Switzerland (canton Ticino) has been identified as having high ambient ozoneexposures relative to other parts of Switzerland, with accumulated annual exposures over a threshold of 40 ppb (40 nl O3 liter-1) for daylight hours from April to September of >30 ppmxh. Ozone-induced foliar injury on black cherry (Prunus serotina) hasbeen observed in the area. The main purpose of this study was to establish whether seedlings of black cherry grown in three different treatments (open plots [ambient ozone concentrations], chambers receiving non-filtered [96% ambient] air and charcoal-filtered chambers [ca. 60% ambient]) showed significant differences with respect to the various aspects of ozone injury development, particularly trends in injury development, the survival probabilities, the average injury level of a tree and the proportion of trees showing any sign of injury over the summer growing season. Visual estimates of the percentage of leaves showing symptoms (adaxial stipple and leaf reddening) on a plant and the percentage of leaf area of only the injured leaves which showed symptoms of ozone injury were recorded weekly for each seedling foreight consecutive weeks. These two scores were multiplied to derive a measure of injury (Y) which can be interpreted as the proportion ofinjured leaf area on a tree. This derived score was used in all subsequent analyses. In this paper we assess whether, overall, an increasing trend in the injury levels, as given by the values of Y, was evident. We have also estimated the probability F(t) that the first sign of injury (measured by Y) might occur after a given number t of weeks. The smaller the value of F(t) for a given t, the stronger the effect of the treatment (i.e. the treatment causes relatively more damage). The average injury level of a tree and the proportion of trees thatshowed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined postprandial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), insulin, and glucose responses in blood for 4 h following the consumption of two isonitrogenous doses (2 × 20 g protein) of Greek-style yogurt (GY) and skimmed milk (MILK) in young males. Peak leucine and BCAA concentrations and areas under the curve were greater after GY versus MILK, and time to maximal leucine/BCAA concentrations was similar between conditions. We demonstrated that different protein-matched wholefood dairy products elicit different postprandial aminoacidemic responses., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this work. Outside of this work, ARJ reports grants from Dairy Farmers of Canada, US National Dairy Council, National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), non-financial support from Danone and Lactalis, and consultant and speaker fees from Dairy Farmers of Canada. LES reports grant funding from Dairy Farmers of Canada and salary support from the US National Dairy Council. SMP reports grants or research contracts from the US National Dairy Council, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Dairy Farmers of Canada, Roquette Freres, Ontario Centre of Innovation, Nestle Health Sciences, Myos, NSERC, and the US NIH during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Nestle Health Sciences and non-financial support from Enhanced Recovery, outside the submitted work. SMP has patents licensed to Exerkine but reports no financial gains from any patent or related work.

As Open Science (OS) is being promoted as the best avenue to share and drive scientific discoveries at much lower costs and in transparent and credible ways, it is imperative that African governments and institutions take advantage of the momentum and build research infrastructures that are responsive to this movement. This paper aims to provide useful insight into the importance and implementation of OS policy frameworks. The paper uses a systematic review approach to review existing literature and analyse global OS policy development documents. The approach includes a review of existing OS policy frameworks that can guide similar work by African governments and institutions. This critical review also makes recommendations on key issues that Africa should consider in the process of OS policy development. These approaches can be widely used as further foundations for future developments in OS practices on the continent., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chiware and Skelly.)

A key motivation for Open Science is accessibility. For researchers in resource-poor economies, this translates into access to the methods, data and publications that will foster scientific research and discovery in such communities and environments. Attitudes toward Open Science are in flux, and there is a growing awareness of the roles and responsibilities that researchers have to one another in this regard. This paper explores how African researchers approach issues relating to Open Data by reporting on the State of Open Data Report data. Focusing on the attitudes toward Open Data, this paper reports on how African researchers view (i) data sharing, (ii) the use of shared data, and (iii) the Open Data ecosystem. The findings show that, although the attitudes of African researchers have changed over time, they are not very different from those held by their international counterparts. These findings will aid policymakers, as well as academic and research institutions, in highlighting the areas of future growth for Open Data in Africa., (Copyright © 2022 Skelly and Chiware.)

Obesity is a significant health challenge. People with Intellectual Disability (ID) are particularly vulnerable to developing obesity. Mobile technology has been developed to support the management of weight and obesity in the form of apps, although not with people with an ID in mind. As a result existing off-the-shelf weight management apps currently available may not be functional in supporting weight reduction within this population. This paper presents the results of consultations with people with ID regarding weight management, comfort with mobile technology and desired characteristics in apps designed for people with ID that target weight management.

This case study presents an incidental noting of a lingual thyroid on thyroid scintigraphy that had implications in later breast surgery. This information changed patient management and mitigated risk during intubation for breast cancer surgery., (© 2015 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.)

Facial expressions play a critical role in social interactions by eliciting rapid responses in the observer. Failure to perceive and experience a normal range and depth of emotion seriously impact interpersonal communication and relationships. As has been demonstrated across a number of domains, abnormal emotion processing in individuals with psychopathy plays a key role in their lack of empathy. However, the neuroimaging literature is unclear as to whether deficits are specific to particular emotions such as fear and perhaps sadness. Moreover, findings are inconsistent across studies. In the current experiment, 80 incarcerated adult males scoring high, medium, and low on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while viewing dynamic facial expressions of fear, sadness, happiness, and pain. Participants who scored high on the PCL-R showed a reduction in neuro-hemodynamic response to all four categories of facial expressions in the face processing network (inferior occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and superior temporal sulcus (STS)) as well as the extended network (inferior frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)), which supports a pervasive deficit across emotion domains. Unexpectedly, the response in dorsal insula to fear, sadness, and pain was greater in psychopaths than non-psychopaths. Importantly, the orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), regions critically implicated in affective and motivated behaviors, were significantly less active in individuals with psychopathy during the perception of all four emotional expressions.

Objective: to establish a viable methodology for the linkage of patients information between general practice and the secondary health care sector. To demonstrate this by examining the activities and cost of health care to a general practice community., Methods: the linkage of computerised records was achieved using a unique alpha numeric identifier (the National Master Patient Index number). Using this link all patient activities for one general practice were analysed. Consultations and their outcomes in terms of pathology and radiology requests, prescriptions, and referrals to other health care providers were recorded. Secondary care activities analysed were outpatient, inpatient, day care, and accident and emergency attendances., Results: the study population of 3611 patients produced 15,453 contacts in general practice (4.3 contacts per person per annum) and 2804 contacts with the secondary care system (0.8 contacts per person per annum). The total government expenditure was $824,567 for general practice care and $1,410,198 for secondary care, ie, $2,234,765 in total or $619 per person., Conclusion: this methodology for information linkage provides the potential for comprehensive examination of publicly funded health care in both general practice and hospital settings, thereby promoting better coordinated and more rational planning of services.