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Que la libertad de un individuo implique la falta de libertad de otro es un reto fundamental para el liberalismo, y este artículo examina cómo los niños plantean un problema para ciertas variedades de liberalismo. Comienza mostrando que el término liberalismo se utiliza de formas muy diferentes en la literatura sobre la patria potestad. Luego se realiza un análisis de una vertiente del liberalismo denominada liberalismo político clásico, basada en John Locke y John Stuart Mill. A continuación, se propone un marco liberal clásico en el que el gobierno no tiene deberes positivos exhaustivos para garantizar que los niños alcancen determinados resultados, pero en el que sí tiene el claro deber de crear y asegurar un espacio negativo para cada niño. También se argumenta que la teoría liberal se basa en una concepción integral del bien y que, para saber qué tipo de espacio negativo se requiere, hay que reconocerlo

God gave us the Earth, to use and enjoy. So says the Bible, and so says John Locke (1632-1704). The individualism and liberalism in Locke’s philosophy makes it decidedly modern and appealing to us today. However, he often uses God as a source of truth and premises in his arguments. This undermines the modern appearance and leaves us with a philosophy that is at times contradictory, at times brilliant, and at all times fixed to the anthropocentric rail that guides his philosophy. In this article, the element of Locke’s philosophy that concerns humanity’s relationship with the natural world is examined. Particular attention is paid to the value and nature of both biotic and abiotic nature. I argue that the religious aspects of Locke’s philosophy cannot be fully purged in an effort to create a pure rationalist, and this leads me to focus on how the religious aspects relate to Locke’s rationalism, and in particular what implications his combination of philosophy and theology carries for the prospects of a Lockean environmentalism. I conclude that such environmentalism has clear limitations, while still providing certain foundations for the idea of sustainability and scientific conservationism

Agent-based modeling (ABM) is in many ways an outsider in social research methods, but I will here argue that it has an important role to play in combination with other methods and approaches. ABM can be used in ways that offer unique benefits to social science researchers, but due to the abstract nature of the gained insights, this requires the employment of various methodologies in combination with ABM. Mixed methods (MM) is an approach that has become quite popular, and I show that even if ABM naturally may seem like a natural ingredient in research where methods are mixed, there exists some peculiarities within MM that may make it less accommodating to ABM that one may assume., Los modelos basados en agentes (MBA) son, en muchos sentidos, métodos poco utilizados en la investigación social pero, en el presente artículo, se tratará de demostrar que pueden jugar un papel importante en combinación con otros métodos y enfoques. Los MBA pueden ser utilizados en modos que aportan unos beneficios excepcionales a los investigadores de las ciencias sociales si bien, dada la naturaleza abstracta de las diferentes perspectivas que se obtienen, esto requiere el uso de varias metodologías en combinación con los MBA. Los métodos mixtos (MM) son una estrategia de investigación que se ha hecho muy popular y aquí se muestra que, incluso siendo vistos los MBA como un ingrediente natural en las investigaciones en las que se utilizan varios métodos, se dan una serie de peculiaridades, dentro de los mismos MM, que los hacen menos acomodaticios a los MBA de lo que se podría presumir en un primer momento

The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused the worst economic contraction since the Great Depression. It has underscored the need to rethink what type of economy and society we want to build as we face the worsening climate emergency. Europe is leading the way in developing strategies for a Green Recovery, and a newly published Communication by the European Commission stresses the crucial role of the “twin transition”, green and digital, both at the top of the EU’s political agenda. However, they also acknowledge that digital technologies will bring additional environmental burdens to them. Despite growing attention to the environmental costs of information communication technology systems, Artificial Intelligence gets principally heralded as the key technology to solve contemporary challenges, including the environmental crisis, which is one of the goals of sustainable development, but how green is Artificial Intelligence? And, considering that the most important international framework to achieve sustainability is enshrined in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is AI enabling or hindering SDGs specifically related to sustainable environmental development? This chapter considers the materiality of AI and attempts to go beyond mainstream hypes as it explores the multifaceted ways in which AI is impacting the climate emergency, thus impacting sustainable environmental development. It concludes by offering a set of solutions to limit the direct challenges that AI poses to SDGs.