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Our modern world is becoming increasingly reliant on the processing, exchange and storage of information. This trend of so-called "digitalisation" is penetrating every pore of human civilisation, including nature, people, and machines; our economy and production, which must be as local as possible; and our global ecology. The use of information processing technology brings benefits to a wide range of endeavours. In this sense, many computing technologies and techniques must be used to achieve the goal of an integrated global service ecosystem, a Rainbow ecosystem of all hierarchical levels of computing. One of the most important new developments in recent years is the development of blockchain technology. A blockchain can solve many problems of persistent and traceable storage, as well as enable direct coordination, compensation, etc. Therefore, in the Dew-Fog-Cloud hierarchy, blockchain technology is a promising new approach to enable novel applications in a variety of fields, from social and educational to scientific and industrial. However, there are two important points in many implementations of the current blockchain which prevent them from being used for public service solutions. The first is the proof algorithm - the vast majority of proof-of-work algorithms do useless work and waste enormous amounts of energy. The second one is that proof-of-stake algorithm is not suitable for open public infrastructure. The HashNET algorithm, which uses proof-of-authority combined with master nodes to achieve distributed consensus and ensure trust, is explained in detail in this paper. As an example of future applications in science, education and society, we also briefly describe certificate validation and future application for scientific publications.

In the development of structure-property relationship models and multivariate models in general, there is a tendency to include as few structural variables (molecular descriptors) as possible in the final optimised models. Due to the ubiquitous digitisation of data and molecular fingerprints, molecular descriptors are increasingly binary variables with values of 1 or 0. Even the experimental properties of chemical compounds are expressed in binary values - e.g. toxic (1) or non-toxic (0). We have performed the calculation and simulation of the correspondence between the two binary variables in paired and unpaired sorting cases. These two experiments provide us with the maximum (in the paired sorting case) and minimum possible correspondence (unpaired sorting) of these variables. Theoretically, we have derived formulae for calculating the maximum and minimum agreement between two variables where x-values (first variable) and y-values (second variable) belong to class 1. The difference between the minimum and maximum values reflects the information content or monotonicity between the two variables. If we consider the case x = y, we obtain expressions that measure the monotonicity of a variable with x values in class 1 and (N - x) values in class 0. If the number of elements in class 1 and class 0 is expressed by the values of the error matrix corresponding to a binary classification (TP - true positive, TN - true negative, FN - false negative, FP - false positive ; x = TP + FN, N - x = TN + FP), we obtain general expressions for calculating the maximum and minimum values of any variable measuring the agreement, correlation or error between two classification variables. In addition to being used to evaluate the monotonicity of variables, the results obtained are also used to evaluate the quality of binary classification models.

Deposition of a nanometer-thin layer-stack of pure gallium and boron (PureGaB) on arsenic (As)-doped epitaxial germanium (Ge) forms a shallow-junction photodiode, reported to have almost ideal I-V characteristics, low saturation current densities, and high responsivity down to 255 nm wavelengths. In this work, different physical mechanisms that could explain the high anode Gummel number in PureGaB-Ge-on-Si diode have been examined. A model for point-defect-mediated diffusion of B and Ga in Ge has been developed. Formation of a shallow pn junction has been modeled using 1D process simulations of B and/or Ga drive-in from the PureGaB layer. B diffusion resulted in junction depths less than a nanometer deep, while Ga formed a highly doped p+ regions with peak concentrations> 10 20 cm −3 and junction depths from 31 nm to 123 nm, depending on the applied sets of diffusion parameter. Both approaches have been used to fit the I-V characteristics of a fabricated PureGaB Ge-on-Si diode: B-only diffusion model with negative interface charge concentration of 1.9 10 13 cm −2 for suppression of electron injection and Ga diffusion model, self-sufficient for the explanation of low electron current densities. Both proposed models give possibilities to obtain a Gummel number of ≈ 2×10 14 s/cm 4 , matching the value extracted from I-V characteristics of a fabricated device.

Mechanical elements with dimensions in the nanometer range, at least in one direction, have been successfully employed as sensors in various devices. Their mechanical properties must be known with maximum precision in order to quantify the sensor response to external excitation. This often poses a significant challenge due to the mechanical fragility of the sensor elements. Here we present a measurement of the mechanical response of a 100 nm thick silicon nitride membrane. The external excitation force is provided by a laser beam modulated in amplitude, while the displacement of the membrane is measured by a Michelson interferometer with a homodyne readout.

A Digitális Bölcsészet Központ által 2018-ban megtartott DH_BUDAPEST konferencia poszterei és workshopjai. Posters and workshops from the 2018 DH_BUDAPEST conference organised by the Centre for Digital Humanities.

Od otkrića tranzistora do suvremenih računalnih sustava ostvaren je golem tehnološki napredak. Prijelaz tisućljeća rezultira razvojem distribuiranog računarstva. Pokrenut je razvoj paralelizacije rada računala u novim mrežnim okolnostima za rješavanje složenih izračuna pomoću paraleliziranih algoritama i programskih paketa. Tako su stvoreni složeni računalni sustavi u obliku klaster-računala. Spajanjem više klaster-računala preko brze mreže uspostavljeno je Grid računarstvo. Razvoj distribuiranog računarstva je nametnut sa strane nove znanstvene metodologije rješavanja kompleksnih problema koji su zahtijevali veliku računalnu snagu. Stoga, prije 20 godina na Institutu Ruđer Bošković osnovan je Centar za informatiku i računarstvo koji je u svojoj misiji zacrtao razvoj napredne računalne infrastrukture s naprednim primjenama od lokalnih do globalnih razmjera. U ovom radu navodi se retrospektivni iskaz razvojnih postignuća u prethodnom razdoblju.

Strabismus is a common disorder in which eyes are not aligned with their optical axis, resulting in an abnormal binocular interaction, thus leading to amblyopia. Accordingly, early detection and diagnosis are mandatory. Despite technology development and constant knowledge growth, the foundations of physiology and the diagnosis of strabismus were set back in the 19th or early 20th century and have not changed since. In this paper, a novel, properly tested and evaluated eye-tracking based method for manifest strabismus diagnosis is presented. The evaluation showed the aforementioned method to have both high sensitivity and specificity in detecting manifest strabismus without the need for a skilled examiner, thus being suitable for population screening and highlighting the need for future research regarding testing of latent strabismus., Strabizam je relativno učestali poremećaj očiju s neusklađenosti optičkih osi, što dovodi do nenormalne binokularne interakcije i razvoja slabovidnosti. Unatoč napretku tehnologije posljednjih godina, temelj dijagnosticiranja strabizma te fizikalnog pregleda postavljen je još u 20. odnosno u 19. stoljeću. U ovom radu predstavljen je suvremeni, računalno potpomognuti uređaj za praćenje pokreta oka u dijagnosticiranju manifestnog strabizma. Procjena je pokazala kako je metoda dovoljno osjetljiva i specifična za dijagnosticiranje manifestnog strabizma bez postojanja školovanog ispitivača, ukazujući na mogućnost njezine primjene u probiru, ali s naglaskom na potrebu budućih istraživanja po pitanju otkrivanja latentnog strabizma.

Pure amorphous boron (PureB) deposition on Si is used to fabricate ultrashallow low- saturation-current p+n-like diodes even at process temperatures where the boron is not expected to diffuse into the bulk Si. It has been proposed that the bonding of the B atoms to the Si creates a monolayer of fixed negative charge that attracts holes to the interface. In this paper, an investigation using semiconductor simulation tools is performed starting from an all-Si test structure where suppression of electron injection from an n-Si bulk was achieved by introducing a large concentration of negative fixed charge that attracts holes to the interface between a thin- film top-layer and the bulk. This introduces a barrier which lowers the electron saturation current density of the simulated diode to become comparable to or lower than the saturation current density of holes injected into the bulk. The material properties of the top-layer such as electron mobility and tunneling mass, bandgap and electron affinity are individually varied from default Si-values to values typical for amorphous boron layers indicating that a critical concentration of negative fixed charge is always needed for suppression of the electron injection.

The relationship between light-emission patterns from silicon avalanche-mode light- emitting diodes (AMLEDs), and avalanche breakdown was investigated using photodiodes fabricated in pure boron (PureB) technology. The quality of the diodes ranged from high- quality, low dark-current devices with abrupt breakdown characteristics that were suitable for operation as single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), to diodes with gradually increasing reverse currents before actual breakdown. The reverse I-V characteristics were measured and correlated to light-emission data obtained simultaneously using a PureB photodetector, and inspected using a camera with which distinct emission patterns could be identified. When increasing the voltage far past breakdown, light emission invariably becomes dominant at the photodiode periphery. Based on the examination of a large variety of anode geometries, it is concluded that the most efficient light emission per consumed power is achieved with defect-free narrow-anode diodes that also are applicable as low-dark-count-rate SPADs.

Ever increasing needs of the human society are resulting in the emergence of various technical systems. The emerging and evolving technical systems on the other hand have been influencing the modern societies evolution increasingly becoming crucial part of everyday life. Today, this co- evolution of social and technical systems and their entanglement is a pervasive phenomenon of the emerging socio-technical systems. Examples include smart critical infrastructures such as smart grid, smart transportation or smart city, online social networking platforms or even collaborative software development systems. These examples stand on the shoulders of two evolution trends of: (1) Cloud, Fog, and Dew computing paradigms and (2) Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems. The convergence of these trends forms the basis of newly emerging socio-technical systems.

High-performance distributed computing systems were founded on Grid computing paradigm while scalable distributed computing systems evolved through Cloud and now Fog computing paradigm. However, following the increasing users’ needs, new research and business models and paradigms, a new computing platforms emerged in order to fulfill their requirements. In the existing distributed computing hierarchy, the Dew computing is positioned as a ground level for Cloud and Fog computing paradigms. Vertical complementary hierarchical division from Cloud to Dew Computing meet the needs of high- and low-end computing demands in everyday life lowering the cost and improve the performance specially in Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE) generally in Smart Environments.

DARIAH, the Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities, is a large user community that gathers scientists across Europe from the research field of the Arts and Humanities (A). The aim of DARIAH is to enhance and support digitally-enabled research and teaching across the Arts and Humanities in Europe. The objective of DARIAH is to develop, maintain and operate a research infrastructure for ICT-based research practices. The DARIAH infrastructure aims to become a fully connected and effective network of tools, information, people and methodologies for investigating, exploring and supporting research across the broad spectrum of the Digital Humanities. To achieve this goal, a significant amount of effort has to be devoted to the improvement of the current infrastructure. A part of this effort is the EGI-DARIAH Competence Centre (EGI-DARIAH CC), established within the EGI-Engage Horizon2020 project. The EGI-DARIAH CC aims at bridging the gap between the DARIAH user community and the European e-Infrastructure, mainly those provided by the EGI community. To achieve this goal, EGI-DARIAH CC focuses on strengthening the collaboration between the DARIAH user community and EGI by deploying A applications in the EGI Federated cloud and increasing the number of e-Science services and applications, as well as raising awareness of A researchers about the advantages and benefits of e-Infrastructure by providing end-user support and organizing training events. Considering that the DARIAH community, as well as the general A research public, is very specific in their requirements and needs on e-Infrastructure, one of the first actions of the EGI DARIAH CC was to collect all relevant information about the DARIAH research requirements. The collection of the required information was conducted via a comprehensive web-based survey. The aim of this survey was to collect feedback from DARIAH end-users, application/service providers and developers on their knowledge and background on e-Infrastructure (e.g. computational and storage resources, user-support services, authentication policies, etc.), on how research data (information) are shared and accessed, about AAI requirements, what services and application researchers are using in their research and what are their characteristics, etc. Based on the inputs, a set of specific A services and application will be developed, such as gUSE/WS-Pgrade workflow oriented gateway, gLibrary framework for distributed information repositories and information retrieval service based on CDSTAR. Concurrently with the application development, a significant working effort is put in the education of DARIAH researchers since many of them have minor or no technical knowledge required to efficiently use various e-Infrastructure resources or new application/services that will be developed during this project. Therefore, a set of training events will be organized to demonstrate the specific applications and services developed within EGI-DARIAH CC, as well as give a general introduction on how to utilize various EGI resources, applications and services.

The poster presents the EGI Engage DARIAH Competence Centre mini-project and its objectives. The objective of EGI DARIAH CC is to widen the usage of the e-Infrastructures for Arts and Humanities research by developing and providing a workflow-based science gateway based on the generic-purpose WS-PGRADE and gLibrary technologies, adapted and tailored to the needs of users coming from the field of Arts and Humanities. The gateway will provide access and compute services for data residing in distributed grid and cloud storage.

The IR emissivity of human skin is extremly high and measurements of infrared radiation emitted by the skin can be converted directly into accurate temperature value. This process is known as Body IR Thermography. Skin temperature increase associated with increased vascular flow and increased metabolism. In this paper a novel multi-resolution real-time 3D thermal imaging system as potential solution for a human body 3D thermal models standardisation is presented. The system consists of a high-resolution offline 3D scanner and a real-time low-resolution 3D scanner, both of them paired together with a thermal imaging camera. The emphasis of this paper is the presentation of the novel concept of the standardisation of human body 3D thermal models, captured by the multi-resolution real-time 3D thermal imaging system. The standardisation procedure utilises skeleton detection, skeleton transformation, mesh optimisation, and texture mapping. The presented concept enables novel and practical methods for human body 3D thermal models comparison and analysis.

A novel visualization tool (method) is developed in order to achieve more efficient insight into protein structure and relative orientations of protein's side chains. Using arrows as vectors, which start (for all amino acid residues in a protein) from the C-alpha atom and end at the most distant non-hydrogen atom in the side chain belonging to the same amino acid residue, this method visualizes orientations of side chains relative to protein's main chain (defined by positions of C-alpha atoms). The orientation of vector for each amino acid residue is from C-alpha atom to the end of its side chain. The only one exception is in the case of glycine, where the residue will be represented by sphere (because the side chain of glycine consists of a single hydrogen atom). In all cases coloring is made using Kyte-Doolittle hydrophobic scale. By such a method one can obtain better insight into the orientation of protein's side chains relative to its interior or its outer surface area.

Thermal imaging is a non-invasive, non-contact functional imaging method used in temperature measurements. It provides an insight to metabolic and other processes within human body. In this paper a general simulation model that can be used to estimate the depth and size of the heat source embedded underneath the surface of an object is presented. Simulations are performed on two sets of input data, acquired with a 3D thermography system, consisting of a 3D scanner and a thermal camera. The procedure is based on describing the heat source radiation using a function (in this paper Gaussian function was used), and searching the parameter space. For every parameter configuration, the color of each vertex of the scanned 3D model is changed according to the defined function. The model is rendered and the image compared to the one taken with a thermal camera. Results of this process are presented in the form of a sorted list, with the most likely configuration at the first place. Method described in this paper can have a wide spread of possible applications in technology and engineering as well as medicine. For example, if it can be assumed that a tumour can be approximated by a point source, this procedure can then also be applicable in analysis of breast or other types of tumours.