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Purpose To evaluate the impact of structural changes in a limited sample of adult preterms with foveal immaturity from optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan images and to estimate layer displacement and changes in areal and volume magnification within the inner fovea. Subjects and methods Layer thickness was measured in conventional and directional OCT scans from eight preterms with different degrees of foveal immaturity (24–33 weeks of gestation, 22–33 years of age) and five controls (20–33 years of age). We obtained reflectivity profiles of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and manual segmentation data of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the combined ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) at specified eccentricities from 300 to 900 µm. Displacement of cumulative thickness curves of preterms compared with that of the controls was used to estimate retardation of layer displacement. Changes in areal magnification and layer thickness were used to construct a structural model of redistribution within the fovea of preterms. Results Retardation of centrifugal layer displacement of OPL and all inner retinal layers (IRL) was marked in both preterm groups with foveal immaturity, whereas retardation was marginal in the preterm group without clinical signs of immaturity. Retarded displacement within the IRL and OPL had a major impact on available space within the central fovea. Conclusions A marked retardation of displacement was demonstrated for all IRL within the immature fovea of preterms with decreased areal and volume magnification and reduced space available for synaptic communication coupled to the degree of immaturity.

With the upcoming release of the fifth generation of cellular networks, 5G, it is expected to be a lot more connected devices. As a consequence, the importance of the capacity of the networks is increased, especially the radio access network (RAN), which will be changed a lot from previous generations. The best method to ensure a RAN has enough capacity for its targeted area is a simulation, and therefore, there is a demand for such a simulator. The development of a simulator for RAN started last year in another thesis with the possibility to model nodes, links, and set loads. In this thesis, the functionality is extended with the addition of mobility and user equipment (UE) to create load to more accurately simulate the network traffic. Roads are added as an entity to allow mobility, and cells are modeled to determine coverage. Most requested functionality was implemented, with the main difficulties being integrating the new code into the existing code base. The simulator was then evaluated, both the validity of the model and the performance. To improve the simulator for its purpose, even more, functionalities such as geography elements like buildings or mountains blocking the signal should be considered. Another improvement would be to make links and cells less reliable. The simulator is modeling the perfect day scenario at the moment which does not always reflect upon reality.

Att färdas med färja är ett populärt sätt att resa i Sverige, både som nöje och som ett färdmedel för att ta sig från en plats till en annan. Vilken anledning passageraren än har för sin resa med färja så behöver de flesta resa genom en stad för att ta sig till färjeterminalen. Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka om och på vilka sätt färjelinjerna och deras färjeterminaler gör nytta för städerna de är belägna i. Genom undersökningar med enkäter direkt till passagerarna på olika färjor samt intervjuer, med väl utvalda personer inom de aktuella branscherna, kunde en sammanställning göras om vilken betydelse färjetrafiken har på medelstora städer. Resultatet visade att passagerarnas konsumtion i staden på väg till färjan kunde ses som försumbar, sett till näringslivets omsättning är den konsumtionen relativt liten. Om färjeläget hade försvunnit från någon av de undersökta städerna hade exempelvis den minskade omsättningen hos en butik varit liten. Minskningen i exempelvis den matvarubutik som deltagit i undersökningen hade varit så liten att det inte direkt hade gått att knyta till nedläggningen, om de inte visste om nedläggningen på förhand. Färjelinjerna visade sig dock bidra med nytta till städerna på andra sett till exempel genom sin farledsavgift och stadens igenkänning. To travel by ferry in Sweden is very popular, both for pleasure and as a means of transport. Whatever reason you have for travelling by ferry, you often have to travel through a city to arrive at the ferry terminal. The purpose of this essay is to investigate in what ways the cities benefit by their ferry lines and terminals. By making our own investigation, containing passenger surveys and interviews with carefully chosen persons in these specific areas, it was possible to analyze how and if the cities benefit by their ferries. The result of this investigation shows that the passengers’ consumption, when they travel through the cities, is negligible. Considering the revenue of the trade and industry, this consumption is very small. If the ferry terminal had been closed down in some of the investigated cities the loss of revenue in a grocery store that participated in the survey would have been so small that the company would have had a hard time figuring out that the loss was because of the closure of the terminal. The survey however showed that the ferry lines and their terminals contributed in other ways to the cities, for example through the fairway fee and the cities’ reputation.

A mobile application has been developed to be used for assistance in crisis scenarios. To assure the application is dependable enough to be used in such scenarios, the application was put under test. This thesis investigates different approaches to functional testing and security testing. Five common methods of generating test cases for functional testing have been identified and four were applied on the application. The coverage achieved for each method was measured and compared. For this specific application under test, test cases from a method called decision table-testing scored the highest code coverage. 9 bugs related to functionality were identified. Fuzz testing is a simple security testing technique for efficiently finding security flaws, and was applied for security testing of our application. During the fuzz test, system security properties were breached. An unauthorized user could read and alter asset data, and it also affected the system's availability. Our overall conclusion was that with more time, creating functional tests for smaller components of the application might have been more effective in finding faults and achieving coverage.

This thesis intends to analyse conditions for a successful implementation of consociational democracy, as a democratic model in Afghanistan. The lack of critical reviews regarding the democratisation-process in Afghanistan initiated the purpose of this study. Lijpharts democracy model was used as the basis in the comparative study. Along with empirical evidence regarding how the complex process of democracy in Afghanistan is progressing, the study investigated whether the identified conditions occurred or not. The choice of which democracy model to use can be crucial for the democratic possibilities to even survive and become established in conflict-affected communities. The principle of consociational democracy is that it is an empirically based normative model that aims to organise the state in a way that works against the risks of majority domination and oppression against the minority. The empirical case study revealed that a majority of the conditions were not met, which then can counteract the possibilities for consociational democracy in Afghanistan. The study has critically examined the prospects for the success of consociational democracy in Afghanistan, and it can be assessed that there is a limited probability for a successful applying of this model.

The aim of this thesis is to acquire a deeper understanding of the relationship betweenheritage management, the tourism industry and perceptions of authenticity in the worldheritage site of Stone Town in Zanzibar, Tanzania. This is a case study within the field ofheritage studies with a focus on planning and the production of authenticity. In this study Iintend to shed light on the ideas and perceptions on authenticity that shapes the conservationand promotion of the world heritage of Stone Town. Furthermore I wish to examine how thetourists in Stone Town interact and relates to this imagery. This study contains number ofqualitative interviews with planners, heritage officials, policy-makers and tourists in StoneTown who gives their perspective on culture, history and perceptions on authenticity. Theconcept of authenticity will be discussed using a constructivistic approach in order to revealinherent power relations within Zanzibari interpretations on authenticity. One of the keyfindings in this study is that the focus on historic cosmopolitanism, which is seen as a majorpart of the Zanzibari heritage, is believed to be threatened by new influences from heritagetourism and immigration from East Africa. This results in a exclusionary policy-making andnarrow perspectives on Zanzibari culture.