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The words organic, ecological and green, which have gained importance recently, have taken their place in the textile sector, and organic/ecological textile and green textile studies have accelerated in parallel with the development of the health sector. Ecology, known as environmentalist studies since the beginning of the 1990s, has closely interested the textile industry and aimed to produce the most suitable products for human health and the least harmful to the environment in all kinds of products and production stages.

There are many plants used in the dyeing process in the vegetation grown in our country. Today, vegetable dyes have gained importance again. Herbal dyeing, which has been dealing with for centuries, has been abandoned with the emergence of chemical dyes, but today it has become preferred again. In this study, the colors resulting from the natural dyeing process made with the aeronautic plant (Alkanna tinctoria), which is among the medicinal aromatic plants, and the friction fastness, water drop and light fastness values on these colors were determined.

Sambucus nigra L., which is also called elderberry and belonging to the Adoxaceae family, is a shrub-shaped (Ho et al., 2016) herb with small dark colored fruits and white flowers that matures in late summer, native to Europe, Asia and North Africa (Mandrone et al., 2014). Its creamy white flowers are used in the production of soft drinks in England, Sweden and Denmark with their distinctive scent (Ho et al., 2016). The productive parts of elderberry are the fruit and flower extract (Młynarczyk et al., 2018).

In the present work, solvent concentration, extraction time, and solid to solvent (S/S) ratio were evaluated in order to recover the majority of polyphenols from chestnut peel waste using ethanol and methanol. Extraction method for polyphenols from peel pre-treated by ohmic heating (OH) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of these independent variables on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) was studied using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). A second-order polynomial model provided a satisfactory fit to the experimental data with a high coefficient of determination (R2) value. Results showed that S/S ratio and solvent concentration were generally significant variables during extraction in terms of TPC and AC. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained as 1/10 of S/S ratio and 60% of solvent concentration for both solvents. As the optimum extraction time, 82.41 min for ethanolic extraction and 116.97 min for methanolic extraction were selected. Under these optimal conditions, TPC values of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts were found to be 39.02 and 38.79 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry matter (mg GAE/g DM), respectively, thus indicating highly close agreement to the predicted values. Consequently, the effectiveness of the solvents used was found to be very similar to each other. The OH pre-treatment appeared to be a promising technique for polyphenolic extraction from industrial wastes.

Son yüzyılda birçok bilim alanındaki çalışmalarda yer bulan kaos teorisi, farklı amaçlarla pek çok sistem davranışlarının ortaya konulmasında ve problemin çözümündeki yaklaşımlarıyla dikkat çekmiştir. Karmaşık davranışları temsil edebilmesinin yanında basit ve uygulanabilir olması da kaos teorisine olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Özellikle mühendislik, tıp ve matematik alanında yapılan kaos teorisi tabanlı çalışmalar yeni tekniklerin, modellerin ve araştırma alanlarının ortaya çıkmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Kaos sinyallerinin birkaç devre elemanı ile gerçekleştirilebilmesi ve basit yapıları kullanım alanlarını genişletmiştir. Kaos tabanlı üreteç yapılarının gerek pasif devre elemanları ile gerekse de tümleşik yapılarla kolaylıkla gerçekleştirilebilmeleri bu gelişime katkı sağlamıştır. Kaos üreteçlerin tahmin edilemeyen davranışları özellikle güvenilir haberleşme sistemleri başta olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanımının önünü açmıştır.

Lazer, on dokuzuncu yüzyıldan itibaren endüstride birçok işlemin yapılmasında kullanılmaktadır. Lazer teknolojisinin endüstride yaygın olarak kullanılmasının başlıca nedenleri, düşük maliyet, seri üretimde hız ve kaliteli işlem kabiliyeti olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son zamanlarda lazer teknolojisi özellikle giyim endüstrisinde kumaş kalıplarının kesilmesinde, modellenmesinde, desen üretiminde, kotların eskitilmesinde ve deride gravür elde etmede kullanılmaktadır. Kumaş sektöründe lazer teknolojisinin kullanılmasıyla özel desen, kalıp ve model fikirlerinin çalınmadan dijital olarak depolanmasıyla endüstrideki önemini artırmıştır. Diğer taraftan özellikle kot eskitme yapılmasında lazer teknolojisinin kullanılması sırdan modellerin dışına çıkılmasına ve geleneksel yöntemlerle elde edilemeyen desenlerinde ortaya çıkmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca geleneksel kot eskitme yöntemlerinin sağlıksız olması da lazerle kot eskitmenin önemini artırmıştır.

Femtosecond lasers with high repetition rates are attractive for spectroscopic applications with high sampling rates, high power per comb line, and resolvable lines. However, at long wavelengths beyond 2 µm, current laser sources are either limited to low output power or repetition rates below 1 GHz. Here we present an ultrafast laser oscillator operating with high output power at multi-GHz repetition rate. The laser produces transform-limited 155-fs pulses at a repetition rate of 2 GHz, and an average power of 0.8 W, reaching up to 0.7 mW per comb line at the center wavelength of 2.38 µm. We have achieved this milestone via a Cr2+-doped ZnS solid-state laser modelocked with an InGaSb/GaSb SESAM. The laser is stable over several hours of operation. The integrated relative intensity noise is 0.15% rms for [10 Hz, 100 MHz], and the laser becomes shot noise limited (-160 dBc/Hz) at frequencies above 10 MHz. Our timing jitter measurements reveal contributions from pump laser noise and relaxation oscillations, with a timing jitter of 100 fs integrated over [3 kHz, 100 MHz]. These results open up a path towards fast and sensitive spectroscopy directly above 2 µm.

Novel azomethines derived from acefylline tethered triazole hybrids (7a-k) have been synthesized and evaluated against human liver cancer cell line (Hep G2) using MTT assay. The synthesized series of azomethines exhibited promising efficacy against liver cancer cell line. Screening of the synthesized series identified compound 7d with the least cell viability value (11.71 ± 0.39%) as the most potent anticancer agent in contrast to the reference drug acefylline (cell viability = 80 ± 3.87%). In this study, the potentials of the novel agents (7a-k) to inhibit liver cancer proteins were assessed. Subsequently, the structure-activity relationship of the potential drug candidates was assessed via ADME/T molecular screening. The cytotoxic potential of these derivatives was also investigated by hemolysis and thrombolysis. Their hemolytic and thrombolytic studies showed that all of these drugs had very low cytotoxicity and moderate clot lysis activity. Compound 7g (0.26% hemolysis) and 7k (52.1% clot lysis) were the least toxic and moderate thrombolytic agents respectively.

Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 16 April 2013 through 19 April 2013 -- Antalya -- 105453, When particles are concentrated by column flotation, some undesired events occur. One of these events is the entrainment of fine gangue minerals. Entrainment causes a decrease in the grade of the concentrate. The main aim in froth flotation is to obtain maximum recovery with the minimum gangue contamination. In this study, a group of experiments were carried out using single hydrophilic (calcite) and a mixture of pure hydrophobic (talk) and hydrophilic (calcite) minerals (3:1 ratio). Water and particle (talk and calcite) recoveries were calculated in column flotation cell which had a height of 75 cm and diameter of 5 cm. Coarse particles are recovered with a very little water since they are quickly removed from the froth phase while fine particles are entrained. As the particle size increased, particle recovery decreased and water recovery increased. Entrainment factor (Pi) was calculated by using the Kirjevainen Model (1989) and the entrainment factors are determined depending on the particle size in the column flotation cells. The high entrainment rate of gang for fine particles affects the grade of the floating products negatively, too.

Hızlı kentleşme kentlerin içyapısında kontrolsüz büyümeye neden olmuştur. Bu sorun enerji tasarrufu hususlarına ek olarak bir kentsel alanın havalandırma performansını etkilemektedir. Plansız ve yoğun yapılaşmış kentsel alanlar, rüzgarın şehir üzerindeki etkisini engellemektedir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, trafiğin neden olduğu giderek artan seviyede kirletici içeren ve azalan yeşil alan oranı ile nefes alamayan şehirler daha fazla ısınmakta ve kentsel ısı adası etkisi artmaktadır [1,2]. Ayrıca, özellikle gece vakitlerinde CO konsantrasyonu ile kentsel ısı adası yoğunluğu arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durum, yoğun yapılaşmış kentsel alanlarda doğal havalandırmanın önemini artırmaktadır [3].

Binaların enerji tüketiminin azaltılması, atmosfere salınan sera gazı emisyonlarında bir azalmaya yol açarak, gezegenimizin küresel ikliminin ısınma hızını azaltıcı etki sağlamaktadır. Özellikle binaların enerji verimliliğini artırma görevi, daha düşük enerji tüketimi ile gerekli iç mikro iklimi sağlamayı gerektirmektedir [1].

Spontaneous self-assembly in the supramolecular entity is one of the enthralling synthetic routes. It produces disparate structure crystal complexes after selecting suitable M-L combinations in the pseudohalide sense. In this attempt, a novel cocrystal is synthesized from two independent components (0D + 1D), [PbCd(L1)(SCN)2]·[PbCd(L1)(SCN)2]n (1) using a Salen (H2L1) and NaSCN, which was characterized by spectroscopic, EDX, SEM, PXRD, and X-ray crystallography. The title complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with unit cell parameters: a = 8.5733(2), b = 11.3798(2), c = 27.105(5) Å, V = 2583.95(9) Å3, and Z = 4. X-ray structure divulges the de-protonated form of [L−2], comprising Cd(II)/Pb(II) ions placed in the inner N2O2 and outer O4 compartments. The Cd(II)/Pb(II) metal ions satisfy trigonal-prismatic and square pyramidal geometries. Crystal engineering and Hirshfeld surface approaches delineate the dominant interactions, e.g., H-bonding (36.4%), C⋯H (20.8%), and S⋯H (21.1%). The unique chalcogen (ChB)/tetrel bonds observed in its solid-state architecture were authenticated by DFT using the PBo-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. The QTAIM/NCI plot reveals the nature of these contacts. The S···S distance is 2.499(4) Å, and the C–S···S angle is close to linearity (168.8°), confirming the typical ChB. The MEP surface explores the most nucleophilic part at the N-atom belonging to the bonding of Cd-NCS (– 42 kcal/mol). HOMO–LUMO energy gap and NLO parameters provide chemical reactivity and sensitive optical information about the molecules. Meanwhile, Molecular docking was conceded based on total energy with three bacterial proteins like Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 1JIJ) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (PDB ID: 3JPU), and Escherichia coli (PDB ID: 5MMN). Docking and PLIP confirmed the bioactivity of the complex. The compound was screened in vitro against two-gram + ve and two-gram -ve bacteria. The complex had lower MIC (μg/mL) values (10.1) compared to the parent ligand (32.7), implying greater antimicrobial efficiencies. The time-kill kinetics led to the bactericidal activities of the complex.

Many experts working in the field of corrosion work in laboratories experimentally with long-term procedures and high costs by making changes in the structures of new corrosion inhibitors or existing inhibitors. Advances in computational chemistry and computer software in recent years combine corrosion prevention studies with theoretical chemistry, enabling fast, cheap and highly accurate research. Researchers working in this field can now predict the electronic, molecular and adsorption properties of anti-corrosion molecules at the molecular level with density functional theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. This section includes: introduction, corrosion mechanisms, introduction to corrosion inhibitors, density functional theory (DFT) and corrosion applications, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, DFT and Molecular Dynamics Simulation applications of the effectiveness of the selected corrosion inhibitor and results. The theoretical data obtained by both the DFT approach and the molecular dynamics simulation approach showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency order against iron corrosion for the studied Schiff bases and derivatives can be presented as: DBAMTT> SAMTT> AMTT. HOMO energy value of DBAMTT has −8,18144, HOMO energy value of SAMTT has −8,09001, and AMTT has −8,01518 in HF/6–31++G** basis set.

The metallic materials are main used materials, because, their physical properties, such as electrical conduction, thermal conduction, and mechanical performances. The steel based metallic materials are most common in the gas and oil industry [1–3]. However, a high percentage of the steel materials are damaged by corrosion in acidic environments [4]. Therefore, to protect steel materials is ongoing problem. Currently, many researches are interested to going research in the corrosion protection.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a system used in the expression of virulence factors by many pathogenic bacteria, and blockage of the system is seen as a new and effective strategy in combating with resistant bacteria. The inhibition effects of two benzimidazolium salts, namely 1-(2-methylbenzonitrile)-3-benzylbenzimidazolium bromide (2) and 1-(N-methylphthalimide)-3-(4-methylbenzyl)benzimidazolium bromide (3), on quorum sensing-related virulence factors such as pyocyanin, elastase, biofilm formation and swarming motility, which is an opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, were investigated in this study. The results show that the compound 3 has a significant inhibition on biofilm formation with 94%. Furthermore, the compounds 2 and 3 reduced swarming motility by 64–69% as well as pyocyanin production by 49–64% in P. aeruginosa PA01 without preventing bacterial growth in the tested concentrations. HF, B3LYP and M06–2X methods were used with 3–21 g, 6–31 g, sdd basis sets to compare the chemical activity of the compounds. Theoretically, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Infrared spectra of the compounds were calculated in the HF/6-31++g basis set. The biological activities of the relative compounds were theoretically studied against cancer proteins. Crystal structure of the BRCT repeat region from the breast cancer associated protein, ID: 1JNX, crystal structure of liver cancer protein, ID: 3WZE and crystal structure of lung cancer protein, ID: 5ZMA, were compared. In the docking studies, the best result was obtained with compound 2 against the lung cancer cell with a docking score parameter of −5.85. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Gelişen ekonomiye sahip ülkeler başta olmak üzere dünyadaki gelişmiş ekonomili ülkelerin de artan kaynak ve enerji kullanımları ile ortaya çıkan atıklar, başta çevre problemi olmak üzere çeşitli sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu sorunların başında giderek azalan sınırlı ölçüdeki hammadde ve hidrokarbon enerji kaynakları, artan navlun ücretleri, hammaddeye ulaşma konusunda yaşanan sıkıntılar, artan rekabet ve iklim değişikliğinin getirmiş olduğu öngörülmesi zor olan sonuçlar gelmektedir.

In this present study, we have investigated theoretically the effect of structure parameters ( η and κ ) and high-frequency intense laser field (ILF) on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a GaAs quantum well (QW) with new type of hyperbolic confinement potential. Within the framework of the effective-mass and parabolic band approximations, we have computed the confined subband energy levels and their corresponding densities of probability by using the diagonalization method. Besides, we evaluated the total optical absorption coefficients (TOACs) and total refractive index changes (TRICs). The obtained numerical findings show that an increase of the η ( κ ) structure parameter causes an increase (decrease) in amplitude in TOACs and a blue (red) shift of the resonance energy spectrum. In addition, with the increase of the ILF, the resonance energy spectrum shifts to blue, while the amplitude of TOACs (TRICs) increased (decreased). We think that the obtained these results can be useful in the design of new device’s generation employed in optoelectronic domain.

Some metabolic enzyme inhibitors can be used as Multi-target-Directed-Ligands (MTDL) in Medicinal chemistry therefore, synthesis and determination of alternative inhibitors are essential. In this study, novel bisnapthoquinone derivatives (5a-o) were synthesized through a multi-component cascade reaction of two molecules of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone with an aromatic aldehyde in basic media using triethylamine as a catalyst. This novel heterocyclic derivatives (5a-o) are applied to inhibit the carbonic anhydrase (hCA I and hCA II) isoform in low levels of nano molecules with Ki values exist between 4.62 ± 1.01 to 70.45 ± 9.03 nM for hCA I and for hCA II which is physiologically dominant Kis values are in the range of 5.61 ± 1.04 to 73.26 ± 10.25 nM. Further these novel derivatives (5a-o) efficiently inhibit AChE with Ki values in the range of 0.13 ± 0.02 to 3.16 ± 0.56 nM. The compounds are also applied for BChE with Ki values varying between 0.50 ± 0.10 to 9.23 ± 1.15 nM. For α-glycosidase, the most efficient Ki values of 5e and 5f are 76.14 ± 9.60 and 95.27 ± 12.55 nM respectively. Finally, molecular docking calculations against enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and the human carbonic anhydrase I and II) are compared using biological activities of heterocyclic derivatives. After these calculations,an ADME/T analysis is performed to study the future medicinal use of heterocyclic derivatives from lawsone.

The negative consequences of rapid industrialization experienced today pandemicallay, terms of environment and human friendliness, has gained importance. Natural procedures that do not harm nature and people, use natural raw materials and do not leave chemical waste have started to be investigated again. The healing properties of plants against diseases have been known for thousands of years. Recently, there has been an awareness of what should be done to avoid getting sick before 330 | NEW DEVELOPMENT ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS treating a disease. In this context, to take protective precautions preventive f, it has become the priorities of developed countries. The usage areas of plants have also been expanded. In addition to treatment, natural substances and herbs have been used in preventive folk medicine. It is known that the licorice plant, which has been used in the south and south-eastern provinces of our country for many years, has an important place among medicinal aromatic plants and is good for many diseases. In this study, dyeing experiments were carried out with licorice root in order to expand the usage areas of plants and to create an alternative to chemical substances. The results obtained have been evaluated in terms of the textile industry. When the results of the fastness tests are examined, it is seen that the light fastness which is an important feature for the dyes used in the textile industry, is at a good level. Different results were obtained in friction fastness. As a result, it has been determined that licorice root can be used as a dye in the textile sector by preventing dye erosion by natural methods

In the first step, (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (c) and 2-(2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) phenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (1) were prepared. Then, the peripherally tetra-substituted metallophthalocyanines [ZnPc (2), CuPc (3), and CoPc (4)] were synthesized by using 1. The structures of the obtained compounds were characterized by common spectroscopic methods. Aggregation behaviors of the tetra-substituted metallophthalocyanines (2–4) were investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in the presence/absence of soft metal ions. The electronic spectra of the newly synthesized metallophthalocyanines [ZnPc (2), CuPc (3), and CoPc (4)] were analyzed by the Bayliss method. The fluorescence quantum yield of diamagnetic ZnPc (2) was obtained in DMSO at room temperature. Also, the anticancer activity of the newly synthesized metallophthalocyanine derivatives was studied on C6, DU-145, and WI-38 cell lines and investigated using six concentrations (3.125; 6.25; 12.5; 50; 75; 100 μg L−1). The cell cycle and apoptosis analyses of CuPc (3) were performed. In addition, the chemical and biological activities of 2-(2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (1) and its novel type metallophthalocyanines [ZnPc (2), CuPc (3), and CoPc (4)] were compared with many parameters obtained from the Gaussian software and molecular docking methods.

Tahribatsız muayene yöntemleri muayene edilecek parçaya zarar vermeden iş parçası üzerinde veya parçanın içerisinde bulunan süreksizlikleri bulmaya yarayan bir kalite kontrol yöntemidir.(Wang, Gu, & Wang, 2012) Muayenesi yapılacak parçaya zarar vermeden kalite kontrolünün yapılması nedeniyle sanayide oldukça sık kullanılan bir yöntemdir.(Sun, Kang, & Qiu, 2011) Tahribatsız muayene yöntemleri genel olarak kendi içerisinde altıya ayrılır.(Deepak, Bupesh Raja, Srikanth, Surendran, & Nickolas, 2021) 1. Göz ile Muayene 2. Penetrant Sıvı ile Muayene 3. Girdap akımları (Eddy Akımı) Muayene 4. Manyetik Parçacık Muayene 5. Ultrasonik Muayene 6. Radyografik Muayene Demiryolunda artan trafik yoğunluğu ve yük yoğunluğu nedeniyle trenlerin özellikle hareketli parçalarındaki tahribatsız muayene yöntemleri de gün geçtikçe daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Trenlerin komponentlerinin de bütün konstrüksiyon parçalarında imalat sırasında ve işletmede periyodik bakımlarda tahribatsız muayeneler oldukça sık uygulanmaktadır. uygulanacak tahribatsız muayene yöntemi ise parçanın risk durumuna göre belirlenmektedir. Hafif petrol türevi Taşıyan Sarnıç tipi vagonlarda bireysel ve hacimsel muayenelerde beraber uygulanması istenirken konteyner taşıyan vagonlarda sadece yüzeysel muayenelerin yapılması yeterli görülebilmektedir. Demiryolunda yükün taşındığı sürekli hareket halinde bulunan Aks ve tekerlekler ise tahribatsız muayene açısından trenlerin en kritik komponentleri olarak düşünülmektedir. Tren imalatı veya bakımı yapan işletmelerde tren tekerleğinin muayenesi için farklı goller ayrılmış buralarda tahribatsız muayene ekipmanları ile testler yapılmaktadır.

Quantum chemical and theoretical calculations were carried out in the present study of some thiaozole derivatives. Relationship between electronic parameters of thiaozole derivatives 5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxo tetrahydro1,3-thiazole (5-BDT) 5-(4′-isopropylbenzylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazole (5IPBDT), 5-(3′-thenylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazole (5-TDT) and 5-(3′,4′dimetoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-1,3-thiazole (5-MBDT) and corrosion inhibition efficiency have been investigated by the Hartree-Fock (HF) and Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), M06-2X method with 3-21G, 6-31G, and sdd basis set. All calculations have been performed using the Gaussian 09W suite of programs. The properties most relevant to their potential action as corrosion inhibitors: EHOMO, ELUMO, ΔE (HOMO-LUMO energy gap), electronegativity (χ), chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η), electrophilicity (ω), nucleophilicity (e), global softness (σ) and proton affinity (PA) have been studied.

Unfortunately, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly all over the world. Along with causing many deaths, it has substantially affected the social life, economics, and infrastructure worldwide in a negative manner. Therefore, it is very important to be able to diagnose the COVID-19 quickly and correctly. In this study, a new feature group based on laboratory findings was obtained considering ethnical and genetic differences for interpretation of blood data. Then, using this feature group, a new hybrid classifier architecture based on deep learning was designed and COVID-19 detection was made. Classification performance indicators were obtained as accuracy of 94.95%, F1- score of 94.98%, precision of 94.98%, recall of 94.98% and AUC of 100%. Achieved results were compared with those of the deep learning classifiers suggested in literature. According to these results, proposed method shows superior performance and can provide more convenience and precision to experts for diagnosis of COVID-19 disease.

Quinoline-fused ZnII (ZnPcp/ZnPcnp) and MgII (MgPcp/MgPcnp) phthalocyanines with four 4-methylquinolin-2-ol (1) at non-peripheral or peripheral positions of the phthalocyanine core have been synthesized via cyclotetramerization of phthalonitrile derivatives (CNp/CNnp) in the presence of zinc (II) and magnesium (II) metal ions in this study. After synthesis and characterization processes, anti-cholinesterase, anti-α-glucosidase, DNA nuclease, antioxidant activities, and in silico calculations of both peripheral and non-peripheral ZnII and MgII phthalocyanines were investigated. The inhibitory effects of metallated phthalocyanines on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α-glucosidase enzymes were tested by spectrophotometric method. Theoretical methods are used to compare both the chemical and biological activities of the studied phthalonitrile derivatives and metallated phthalocyanine compounds.

Tasarım amaçlarına bağlı olarak elektronik devre tasarımı ayrık devre elemanları, ASIC, FPGA ve FPAA kullanılarak gerçekleştirilebilir. Bunlar arasında, FPAA, yeniden yapılandırılabilir dinamik yapısıyla analog fonksiyonları kullanarak uygulanmasından dolayı öne çıkmaktadır. FPAA'nın esnek ve yeniden yapılandırılabilir yapısı, analog dinamik sistemlerin tasarımında onu daha verimli ve ekonomik kılar (Anadigm, 2021). Günümüzde, analog dinamik sistem devre tasarımlarında, daha verimli, ekonomik, yeniden yapılandırılabilir ve yeniden programlanabilir devre platformu olan FPAA kullanılmaktadır. Elektronik devre tasarımında yeniden programlanabilir yapılara olan ilgi ve çalışmalar özellikle son yıllarda artmaktadır. Analog tabanlı yeniden programlanabilir FPAA yapılar, ayrık devre elemanları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen analog tabanlı devrelerin daha kolay gerçekleştirimini sağlayan tasarım platformudur. FPAA, gerçekleştirilen sistemler üzerinde devre çalışırken bile esnek çalışma imkanı sağlar. Bu durum tasarım esnasında kullanıcıya büyük zaman kazandırmasının yanında parametre değişimlerinin incelenmesine de olanak sağlar. Özellikle kaotik sistem tasarımında ihtiyaç duyulan ayrık devre elemanları ve hassas parametre değerlerinin basit ve ekonomik bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesini sağlar. Ayrıca kaotik sistem üzerinde parametre ve başlangıç değerlerinin değişimlerinin kolaylıkla izlenmesine ve değerlendirilmesine olanak verir. Benzer çalışma karakteristiklerini ayrık devre elemanları kullanarak gerçekleştirmek oldukça zor bazen de imkansız olabilir. Analog tabanlı sistemlerin ayrık devre elemanları ile tasarımının uzun zaman alması, zor ve pahalı olması programlanabilir analog tabanlı devre yapılarına olan ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmalar neticesinde FPAA yapılar ortaya konmuştur (D’mello vd., 1998). FPAA yapılar, analog ve analog-dijital devreler için doğruluk, düşük maliyet, hızlı tasarım teknikleri gibi avantajlar sunmaktadır. FPAA yapılar; analog tabanlı sistemler, analog işaret işleme, biyomedikal sensör ölçümleri gibi birçok uygulamada kullanılabilir (Onursoy, 2018; Yıldırım Dalkıran, 2011; Sun, 2004; Roberts, 2004; Koziol vd., 2012; Cooklev vd., 2013; Shah vd., 2016; Vinayakamoorthy vd., 2014; Yin vd., 2015; Sukumaran vd., 2012; Cheng vd., 2013). Bu uygulamalar içerisinde, özellikle kaos tabanlı sinyal üreteçlerinin tasarımına olan ilgi son zamanlarda artmaktadır. Kaos tabanlı sistemlerin dinamik denklemleri incelendiğinde, içerisinde bulunan doğrusal olmayan devre elemanları ve standart değerlerde üretilmiş değerlerden farklı pasif devre elemanları ile gerçekleştirilmesi zordur. Ayrıca çoğu zaman bu devre elemanlarının tedarik edilmesindeki zorluklar kaos tabanlı çalışmaların deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmelerini engellemiştir (Pehlivan, 2007; Çetinel 2010; Yang, 2004). Tüm bu nedenlerden dolayı kolay kullanım imkanı sunan, arayüzü ile kolaylıkla programlama imkanı sağlayan FPAA yapılar kaos tabanlı sistemlerin de gerçekleştiriminde kolay, hızlı ve esnek bir çalışma imkanı sunar (Riaz vd., 2008).

In this paper, fractional-order chaotic systems in an analog-based platform are realized using field programmable analog arrays (FPAA) hardware. With the help of this work, we aim to increase the complexity of chaotic systems. Approximated transfer functions in frequency domain are obtained by analyzing different values of fractional-order integrator with the Charef approximation method. In this study, fractional-order numerical calculation of Rssler and Sprott type-H chaotic systems is carried out. MATLAB Simulink model for chaotic systems that satisfy the conditions of chaos in the boundaries of fractional order value is schematically presented. Moreover, CAM designs and analysis that facilitate the realization of fractional-order transfer functions in FPAA platforms are introduced. The analog-based FPAA experimental and numerical outcomes for fractional order chaotic systems are demonstrated. The comparison of the results obtained in the numerical analysis and simulation study with the experimental results is given. This study confirms that the unpredictability of the chaos carrier signals realized by digital-based can be increased with analog-based FPAA hardware and fractional-order structures so as to provide safer transfer of information signals.

In this paper, we have studied the electronic and optical properties of GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattice with periodically increased well width. Under effective mass approximation, the finite element method is used to obtain wavefunctions and corresponding energy eigenvalues for several electric field (F) and magnetic field (B) values. We have shown that the increasing well width has a major effect on the localization of the first two energy states. The direction of the applied electric field shifts the localization position of the probability density of electrons to the left and right. For B = 0 (according to the parameters used), F = 5 kV/cm (especially for the difference between the first two energy levels (E12)) is a critical value. While the E12 value decreases in the range from 􀀀 30 kV/cm to 5 kV/cm, it increases for the 5 < F < 30 kV/cm range. This behavior causes a red or blue shift in the optical spectrum. Also, F = 􀀀 30 kV/cm causes more change in the structure than F = 30 kV/cm. In addition, the localization of the electrons is observed in the center of the superlattice under applied magnetic fields. The optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes are affected by applied F and B intensities. We can say that the electro-optical features of the superlattice have changed significantly with the combined effect of F and B values. This is desired for semiconductor optical device applications to have stable performances.

The separation zones resulting from the wind interaction with a building and its immediate surroundings are of great importance for determination of multiple vortex systems interacting with the building and for consideration of appropriate design parameters. In this study, flow structures around building models having dimensions of 5 × 5 × 5 cm (Model B), 5 × 5 × 10 cm (Model C), and 5 × 10 × 5 cm (Model D) with a 30◦ slope and rooftop were examined experimentally with a distance of 13.75 cm between two models (Model B and C; Model C and D) with the use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Besides, the experimental work of placing binary building was numerically researched with the use of ANSYS Fluent 16.0 software program with the k-ε turbulence model for a three-dimensional steady state, and the obtained numerical results were compared with the experimental results. Instantaneous velocity fields were firstly obtained in the experiments, and then the streamlines < Ψ >, velocity distributions < V >, and vortex peer curves < ω > were plotted based on these data. The average equivalent velocity curve distributions in the x and y directions were also investigated for both pairs of building models. The results showed that the vortex lengths on the back of Model C increased by 13.33% as compared with Model B. The obtained result demonstrated that the geometric features had an effect on the formation of vortex separation zones. Comparison of the experimental and numerical results gave a deviation of maximum 3%., This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Sivas Cumhuriyet University under project no. M-531.

Mikroçipler, günümüzde gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte tüm elektronik cihazlarda kullanılmaktadır. Akıllı televizyonlardan, bilgisayarlara, buzdolaplarından, insansız hava araçları ve motorlu taşıtlara kadar günlük hayatın her aşamasında karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yüksek hıza sahip cihazlar elde edebilmek amacıyla yarı iletken levhalar üzerine çok sayıda yerleştirilen mikroçipler beraberinde çözülmesi gerekli önemli bir problem olan ısınma sorununu gündeme getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, mikroçiplerin küçültülebilmeleri teknolojinin elverdiği ölçüde soğutulabilme kapasitelerindeki artışa bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, bu elemanların soğutulmasında çeşitli soğutma teknikleri uygulanmaktadır. Çapraz akış ile soğutma yöntemi, bu tekniklerden en yaygın olarak bilinenidir. Bu yöntem, soğuk akışkanın bir fanla tüm bileşenler üzerine gönderilmesi ve bu sayede elektronik bileşenlerinin bütününün soğutulması esasına dayanmaktadır. Ancak, bu metot bütün devre elemanlarının soğutulması esasında olduğundan çok yüksek sıcaklıklardaki bileşenlerin soğutulmasında başarısız olabilir. Bir diğer soğutma yöntemi de çarpan jetle soğutmadır. Bu yöntemde, soğuk akışkan lüleyle sıcaklığı yüksek bir elemana yersel şekilde püskürtülür. Çarpan jet ile sıcaklığı yüksek bir devre bileşeninin soğutulması sağlanabilirken, devrenin bütününün soğutulmasında yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bir elektronik devrede sıcaklıkları birbirlerinden oldukça farklı birden çok eleman bulunabilir. Bu sebeple, tek çeşit soğutma yöntemi ile bütün devreyi güvenli şekilde tutabilecek şartlara erişilmekte sıkıntı olabilir. Bu nedenle; çarpan jet ve çapraz soğutma yönteminin bir arada işleme alınması soğutma kapasitesi yüksek faydalı bir durum oluşturabilir. Çapraz akışla devre elemanları bir bütün olarak belirli bir aşamaya kadar soğutulabilirken, devrede sadece çok yüksek sıcaklıktaki elemanlar ise çarpan jet akışıyla noktasal olarak soğutulabilmektedir (Kılıç, 2018; Teamah ve ark., 2015).

Bilinen fosil yakıt rezervlerinin gün geçtikçe azalması ve küresel ısınma gibi kalıcı çevre sorunları insanlar için hala büyük zorluklardandır. Bu nedenle, dünya çapında enerji tasarrufu ve emisyon azaltımı politikaları kabul edilmiştir. AB’ nin 2030 yılına kadar enerji tüketimini azaltarak enerji verimliliğini %32.5 seviyesine çıkartma hedefi bulunmaktadır (Trotta, 2019). Güney Kore, her zamanki iş akışına kıyasla 2030 yılına kadar CO2 emisyonlarını %37 azaltmayı planlamaktadır (Kwon ve Jeon, 2016). Bu sebepledir ki çevre problemleriyle baş edebilmek için enerji tüketimini azaltmak gereklidir. Toplam enerji tüketimleri içinde bina enerji tüketimi %30'un üzerinde katkıda bulunur (Yuan ve ark., 2013) ve binalarda kullanılan enerjinin %70.4’ ü apartman binaları tarafından tüketilmektedir (Zhou ve ark., 2018). Ayrıca, apartman binaları için, ısıtma yükü toplam konut yükünün büyük bir bölümünü oluşturur ve ısınmak için daha fazla enerji harcanır. Apartman enerji tüketimini azaltmak için bina ekipman sistemlerinin performansı iyileştirilir ve yenilikçi bina bileşenleri kullanılır. Ayrıca, ısı yükünün bir kısmı kış aylarında toplam apartman binası enerji tüketiminin %30’ una kadar çıkabilen ve bina yapı kabuğunda bulunan ısı köprüleri aracılığıyla olan ısı kayıplarından kaynaklanır (Brás ve ark., 2014; Theodosiou ve Papadopoulos, 2008). Bu nedenle, apartman binaları hem yapı kabuğundan olan ısı kayıplarının azaltılması hem de yenilikçi ve gelişmiş otomatik elektrik kontrol sistemlerinin kullanılması ile enerji tasarrufunun artırılarak enerjide verimlilik artışının sağlanmasında büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir.

The nonlinear optical rectification, the second harmonic generation coefficient, and the third harmonic generation coefficient in parabolic-inverse parabolic-parabolic quantum wells (PIPPQWs) and inverse parabolic-parabolic-inverse parabolic quantum wells (IPPIPQWs) are calculated varying the intense laser field (ILF) parameter ( α 0 ). The modifications of the dipole moment matrix elements and the energy levels are depending on the potential shape. The results show that the ILF intensity exerts an active influence on the profile, height, and width of the confinement potential of both PIPPQW and IPPIPQW. The potential profile of IPPIPQW has been affected otherwise than PIPPQW for different ILF intensities. The nonlinear optical rectification, the second harmonic generation, and the third harmonic generation coefficients of PIPPQW and IPPIPQW could be altered in the energy range and the size of the resonance peak by rising the ILF intensity. By changing the α 0 parameter, it is conceivable to organize red or blue shift at the resonance peak positions of the nonlinear optical rectification, the second harmonic generation, and the third harmonic generation coefficients. The shift of the nonlinear optical rectification coefficient occurs when the difference between the ground and the second energy levels changes. According to the parameters used here, while for PIPPQW the spectrum of the resonance peak of the nonlinear optical rectification displays a blue shift with increasing ILF, this spectrum displays a red shift for IPPIPQW. The consequences can be valued in investigating new ways of changing the optical and electronic properties of semiconductor quantum wells.

Bu çalışmada bir yük vagonu şasi geometrisinde planlama performans değerleri ele alınmıştır. Yük vagonu olarak konteyner taşınabilen tipte şasiler tercih edilmiştir. optimizasyon metodu olarak topoloji optimizasyonu kullanılmıştır. Sonlu elemanlar (FEA) analizi için malzeme olarak 1023 çelik malzeme tercih edilmiştir. Yük vagonları için gerekli güvenlik limitleri dahilinde çalışma sonucunda geleneksel yük vagonunu %14,51 hafifletilmiştir. Yük vagonu daha hafif olmasına rağmen yük dağılımında da düzenli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir böylece standart bir yük vagonunun imalat maliyetleri düşürülmüştür. Demiryolu işletmeciliğinde yasal yük sınırlamaları vagon ağırlığı ve yükün toplamına kadardır. Herhangi bir yük vagonun darasındaki ağırlık iyileştirmeleri daha fazla yük taşınabileceği anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışma ile geleneksel bir yük vagonu şasisinin yalnızca imalat maliyetleri değil işletme maliyetlerine olumlu etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir., In this study, planning performance values in a freight wagon chassis geometry are discussed. Container-carrying type chassis were preferred as freight wagons, topology optimization, 2020 simulation, was used for the traditional freight wagon for the optimization add-on. 1023 steel material was chosen as the material for the FEA analysis. Within the safety limits required for freight wagons, the traditional freight wagon has been lightened by 14.51 percent. Although the freight wagon was lighter, it gave uniform results in the load distribution, thus reducing the manufacturing costs of a standard freight wagon. The legal load limitations in railway management have been brought to the sum of the wagon weight and the load. Weight improvements in the tare of any freight car mean more loads can be carried. With this study, it has been observed that a conventional freight wagon chassis has a positive effect not only on manufacturing costs but also on operating costs.

hydroxyethyliminomethyl) phenyl)piperazine (1) or its reduced form, 1,4-bis(2-(2-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenyl)piperazine (2), as possible corrosion inhibitors, were compared to a solution containing no (1) or (2). The various concentrations of inhibitors, 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 mM, were used to explore the inhibition ability of the synthesized materials against carbon steel corrosion. The morphology and chemical analysis of the as-received and corroded samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). By assessing potentiodynamic data, the icorr of carbon steel electrode is the highest value among the other inhibitor-containing solutions, demonstrating a minimum corrosion resistance in 1.0 M HCl solution. While, the protection of carbon steel (1) and (2)-containing solution increased by raising the concentration of (1) and (2) from 0.2 to 2.0 mM. The reduced form of (1) showed a superior corrosion resistance for carbon steel compared to inhibitor (1). The corrosion efficiency of carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl attained a maximum value of 66.08% for inhibitor (1) and 88.51% for inhibitor (2) when the concentration of inhibitor reached the highest value. The results obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, illustrated that the capacitance of the double layer, Cdl, decreased with an increment of inhibitor (1) and (2) concentration, while the charge transfer resistance of carbon steel enhanced as the inhibitor increased. SEM images reveals that the carbon steel had a sever corrosion inhibitor-free solution, while the surface in inhibitor (1) and (2)-containing solution looks more smooth and uniform. The obtained results in EIS and Tafel measurements were clearly consistent with our observation in the SEM images. According proposed inhibition mechanism, the inhibitor adsorption on the carbon steel prevents the hydrogen evolution from the cathodic sites and dissolution of iron in the anodic regions. Adsorption of both inhibitors, (1) and its reduced form (2), was found to obey the Temkin adsorption isotherm. The inhibitory properties of inhibitor molecules have also been studied by theoretical calculations, using Gaussian 09 software program, enabling a comparison of the properties of (1) and (2).

Türkiye is at the intersection of three floristic regions, namely Europe- Siberia, Iran-Turanian and Mediterranean, and is located in the Fertile Crescent region. Due to the geographical location of Turkey, the diversity of plant species in its natural flora is quite high, and about onethird of them are endemic. About 500 of the 10,000 plant species spread throughout Türkiye are used for medicinal and aromatic purposes

Lavandula stoechas is an aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family (Dob et al., 2006; Kaplan et al., 2019; Bilenler and Gökbulut, 2019). It is known that Lavandula stoechas plant, which is in the form of a bush, does not shed its leaves (Carrasco et al., 2015). Lavandula stoechas plant prefers non-acidic soils, especially in open forests and dry hills (Mokhtarzadeh and Khawar, 2022). Lavandula stoechas is used in many areas such as cosmetics and food (Öztürk et al., 2005). Lavandula stoechas plant also has antimicrobial properties (Bilenler and Gökbulut, 2019). In traditional medicine, Lavandula stoechas is used as an analgesic, antiseptic (Celep et al., 2018), expectorant, antispasmodic, carminative (Giray et al., 2008; Zuzarte et al., 2013) in the treatment of ear, nose and throat diseases (Mokhtarzadeh and Khawar, 2022). Lavandula stoechas plant, whose dried flowers and leaves are used, is preferred in the treatment of insomnia and high blood pressure disorders (Leblebici et al., 2012).

A straightforward, accurate and efficient analytical procedure was developed by ligandless sonication-assisted liquid- phases microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (SA-LPME-HDES) to trace toxic Pb(II) and Cd(II) in waters and foods. Optimization of the SA-LPME-HDES procedure was carried out by Box–Behnken design. Under optimum conditions, linear ranges for Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 0.8–350 (r2:0.9962) and 1.5–500 μg L����� 1 (r2: 0.9937), respectively. Relative standard deviations (N = 5, 10 μg L����� 1) were 1.4% for Pb (II) and 1.6% for Cd(II), respectively. Limits of detection were 0.24, and 0.46 μg L����� 1, respectively. The accuracy was evaluated by the analysis of two certified reference materials and the results were to be in agreement with the certified values. The SA-LPME-HDES method was successfully applied to tap water, mineral water, river water, well-water, sesame, peanut, eggplant, corn, wheat, soy and cucumber. The SA-LPME-HDES method allows operational simplicity, green, and low cost when compared with some microextraction procedure.

Chestnut processing produces a large amount of waste peels, which contain considerable polyphenols. The aim of this research was to optimize the extraction method for phenolic compounds from industrial chestnut peel pretreated by ohmic heating (OH) by using response surface methodology (RSM). Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, extraction time, solid to solvent (S/S) ratio, and temperature on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of water extracts. All independent variables in-fluenced the TPC and AC of the peel extracts. The op-timum extraction conditions found were 22.02 min, S/S ratio of 1/39.70 (w/v), and 60 °C, resulting in the highest TPC of 34.83 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry matter (DM) and AC of 35.62 mol ascor-bic acid equivalent (AAE)/100 g DM by DPPH. This study showed that water was almost effective for the extraction of polyphenols from the pretreated chest-nut peel.

In recent years, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glycosidase (α-gly) inhibition have emerged as a promising and important approach for pharmacological intervention in many diseases such as glaucoma, epilepsy, obesity, cancer, and Alzheimer's. In this manner, the preparation and enzyme inhibition activities of peripherally 1,2,3-triazole group substituted metallophthalocyanine derivatives with strong absorption in the visible region were presented. These novel metallophthalocyanine derivatives (2-6) effectively inhibited AChE, with Ki values in the range of 40.11 ± 5.61 to 78.27 ± 15.42 µM. For α-glycosidase, the most effective Ki values of compounds 1 and 2 were with Ki values of 16.11 ± 3.13 and 18.31 ± 2.42 µM, respectively. Also, theoretical calculations were investigated to compare the chemical and biological activities of the ligand (1) and its metal complexes (2–6). Biological activities of 1 and its complexes against acetylcholinesterase for ID 4M0E (AChE) and α-glycosidase for ID 1R47 (α-gly) are calculated. Theoretical calculations were compatible with the experimental results and these 1,2,3-triazole substituted phthalocyanine metal complexes were found to be efficient inhibitors for anticholinesterase and antidiabetic enzymes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

A vortex assisted magnetic ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-MIL-DLLME) approach was proposed using a tetrachloromanganate-based magnetic ionic liquid (MIL, as extraction solvent) for the determination and extraction of metribuzin in some plant samples by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The MIL was prepared from a mixture of trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride [P6,6,6,14 + ][Cl����� ] and manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2⋅4H2O) in chloroform. Important factors for the VA-MIL-DLLME approach were optimized in detailed. The optimum conditions were: 8.0 of pH, 80 mg of the [P6,6,6,14 + ]2[MnCl4 2 ����� ] (extraction solvent), 250 μL of ethanol (as dispersing solvent), 3 min of vortex time and 1.5 mL of 30 % NaCl (w/v) (ionic strength). Calibration graph was linear in the range of 35–800 μg L����� 1 with correlation of determination 0.995. The limit of detection, limit of quantification and enrichment factor were found to be 10.6 μg L����� 1, 35 μg L����� 1 and 247, respectively. The VA-MIL-DLLME approach was applied for extraction and determination of metribuzin in the samples. The relative standard deviations (RSD) in the samples were less than 2.8 %. Moreover, the recoveries were obtained in the range of 91 ± 2–102 ± 3 %.

MİKRODENETLEYİCİ TABANLI CNC KONTROLÜ VE DÜŞÜK GÜÇLÜ LAZER TASARIMI

A new potential solid phase material called as dithizone@PAA was synthesized for first times, characterized and utilized as an easy versatile polymeric sorbent for the shake-assisted dispersive solid-phase micro-extraction of Mn(II) and Cu(II) ions from fortified vegetables and barbecue samples followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The proposed approach is based on batch type solid phase extraction of Mn(II) and Cu(II) ions prior to their flame atomic absorption analysis (FAAS). All experimental variables were examined and optimized in detail. Using the optimized values, the dynamic linear range for Mn(II) and Cu(II) ions was 0.70–150.00 and 0.20–125.00 ng mL− 1, respectively, and the limits of detection for Mn(II) and Cu(II) ions were 0.20 and 0.06 ng mL− 1, respectively. The preconcentration factor was 50 for both analytes. The relative standard deviations of 3.1% and 2.5% were obtained at 75.00 ng mL− 1 level of Mn(II) and Cu(II) ions. The precision and accuracy of the proposed method were investigated by the certified reference materials via intraday and inter-day studies. Finally, the results showed that the method was successfully applied for determining Mn (II) and Cu (II) ions in selected food samples with good recoveries.

The Ranunculaceae family contain 50 to 60 genera and 2,500 species. Some plants belonging to this family are highly poisonous and are used as herbal medicines or spices (Bruneton, 1999; Ipor and Oyen, 1999; Heywood et al., 2007; Kokoska et al., 2012). The Consolida regalis Gray is from family of Ranunculaceae (Bitiş et al., 2006). Consolida regalis grow on sandy or chalky soils at about 0–1,200 metres above sea level. It grows up on about 30–80 centimetres and the stem is erect. This plant is tolerant drought. The flowers of Consolida regalis consist with five to eight hermaphrodite flowers. the color of the flowers varies between dark blue and purple with five sepals (Anonymous, 2022). As a self-fertile plant, and the flowers which contain diterpenoid alkaloids (Anonymous, 2017). The alkaloids they contain of Consolida species cause them to be toxic. This toxicity can cause neurotoxic, muscle system spasms and even death (Meriçli et al., 2001; Gonz´alez et al., 2005; Bitiş et al., 2006). Thanks to the alkaloids it contains, consolida when used in appropriate amounts, have effects in analgesic balms, sedatives, emetics and anthelmintics (Meriçli et al., 2001; Ulubelen et al., 2001).

Herein the designed novel benzotriazole-oxadiazole hybrid compounds were synthesized using both conventional method and ultrasound sonication (US) as an environmentally friendly method. It was observed that the US method provided an increase in reaction yields by reducing the reaction time approximately 3-fold. The synthesized compounds were investigated against PANC-1 cell line. All obtained compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques. The compounds 4b and 4d exhibited very promising anticancer activity results with IC50 values of 117.5 ± 0.084 μM and 87.82 ± 4.319 μM, respectively. Further, molecular docking studies to suggest how the synthesized compounds interact with the kinase domain of human DDR1 in complex of pancreatic Cancer proteins (PDB ID: 6HP9), and the crystal structure of PDEd of pancreatic Cancer proteins (PDB ID: 5E80). It was concluded from the docking studies that the compound 4d demonstrated the highest binding score values for active site of both proteins. Afterwards, ADME calculations were performed to examine the drug properties of benzotriazole-oxadiazole hybrid compounds. Scientific Research Project Fund of University of Health Sciences-Turkey Cumhuriyet University

In the study, a fast and green natural deep eutectic solvent based ultrasound-assisted liquid liquid microextraction (NDES-UALLME) were proposed for the determination and extraction of deltamethrin in food samples using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The extraction step was based on ion-pair formation between deltamethrin and levulinic acid-tetraethylammonium bromide (as extraction solvent) at pH 5.5, and then extraction of deltamethrin into micro-drops of extraction solvent by using tetrahydrofuran. Levulinic acid-based natural deep eutectic solvents composed of natural, green compounds, i.e., choline acetyl chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium bromide were used for the first time as extraction solvents for extraction of deltamethrin. The NDES-UALLME procedure allowed to exclude matrixes effects and increase enrichment factor (283) of deltamethrin. Several key factors, including the type and the volume of extraction solvent, the pH of sample solution, ultrasound time, extraction temperature, ionic strength and sample volume were optimized in detail. At optimized conditions, the NDES-UALLME procedure was characterized by low limit of detection (2.4 ng mL−1), a wide linear dynamic range (8–950 ng mL−1), quantitative recoveries (93 ± 4%- 103 ± 2%) and acceptable relative standard deviations (2.9%≤). The validation of NDESUALLME procedure was carried out using recovery tests, intraday and intraday studies. The applicability of NDES-UALLME procedure was confirmed by the assay of deltamethrin in real food samples.

Obesity is an important health problem that has reached the level of pandemic today, has important effects on high prevalence diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer, and even leads to deaths. Obesity occurs from multifactorial effects, primarily genetic and environmental factors. Studies have identified a large number of genes that cause obesity, but the rapid increase in obesity in a short time cannot be explained only by genetic factors alone. Epigenetic changes that occur through environmental factors such as nutrition and physical activity also have an important role in the current increase in the incidence of obesity. Gene-environment interaction causes different phenotypic variations to occur in organisms. These different phenotypes, which occur without any changes in the DNA sequence, are explained by epigenetics. Therefore, the view that interindividual differences in susceptibility to obesity are due to epigenetic factors has recently gained considerable importance. Many studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs are closely related to obesity. The aim of this review is to present the relationship between epigenetics and obesity and the effects of epigenetic mechanisms on obesity.

Lavandula stoechas is an aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae 2019). It is known that Lavandula stoechas plant, which is in the form of a bush, does not shed its leaves (Carrasco et al., 2015). Lavandula stoechas plant prefers non-acidic soils, especially in open forests and dry hills (Mokhtarzadeh and Khawar, 2022). Lavandula stoechas is Lavandula stoechas plant also has antimicrobial properties (Bilenler Lavandula stoechas is used as an analgesic, antiseptic (Celep et al., 2018), expectorant, antispasmodic, carminative (Giray et al., 2008; Zuzarte et al., 2013) in the treatment of ear, nose and throat diseases (Mokhtarzadeh and Khawar, 2022). Lavandula stoechas plant, whose dried flowers and leaves are used, is preferred in the treatment of insomnia and high blood pressure disorders (Leblebici et al., 2012).

In this paper, we have studied the electronic and optical properties of GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattice with periodically increased well width. Under effective mass approximation, the finite element method is used to obtain wavefunctions and corresponding energy eigenvalues for several electric field (F) and magnetic field (B) values. We have shown that the increasing well width has a major effect on the localization of the first two energy states. The direction of the applied electric field shifts the localization position of the probability density of electrons to the left and right. For B = 0 (according to the parameters used), F = 5 kV/cm (especially for the difference between the first two energy levels (E12)) is a critical value. While the E12 value decreases in the range from − 30 kV/cm to 5 kV/cm, it increases for the 5 < F < 30 kV/cm range. This behavior causes a red or blue shift in the optical spectrum. Also, F = − 30 kV/cm causes more change in the structure than F = 30 kV/cm. In addition, the localization of the electrons is observed in the center of the superlattice under applied magnetic fields. The optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes are affected by applied F and B intensities. We can say that the electro-optical features of the superlattice have changed significantly with the combined effect of F and B values. This is desired for semiconductor optical device applications to have stable performances.

We present the detailed growth and characterization of novel GaSb-based semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) operating in the 2–2.4 µm spectral range. These SESAMs at different wavelengths are bandgap engineered using ternary material compositions and without strain compensation. We observe that even when the thickness of quantum wells (QWs) exceeds the critical thickness we obtain strain relaxed SESAMs that do not substantially increase nonsaturable losses. SESAMs have been fabricated using molecular beam epitaxy with a AlAs0.08Sb0.92/GaSb distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and strained type-I InxGa1-xSb or type-II W-like AlSb/InAs/GaSb QWs in the absorber region. All the type-I SESAMs show excellent performance, which is suitable for modelocking of diode-pumped semiconductor, ion-doped solid-state, and thin-disk lasers. The recovery time of the type-II SESAM is too long which can be interesting for laser applications. The dependence of the SESAM design, based on its QW number, barrier material, and operation wavelength are investigated. A detailed characterization is conducted to draw conclusions from macroscopic nonlinear and transient absorption properties at different wavelengths in the 2–2.4 µm range for the corresponding devices.

The Ranunculaceae family contain 50 to 60 genera and 2,500 species. Some plants belonging to this family are highly poisonous and are used as herbal medicines or spices (Bruneton, 1999; Ipor and Oyen, 1999; Heywood et al., 2007; Kokoska et al., 2012). The Consolida regalis Gray is from family of Ranunculaceae (Bitiş et al., 2006). Consolida regalis grow on sandy or chalky soils at about 0–1,200 metres above sea level. It grows up on about 30–80 centimetres and the stem is erect. This plant is tolerant drought. The flowers of Consolida regalis consist with five to eight hermaphrodite flowers. the color of the flowers varies between dark blue and purple with five sepals (Anonymous, 2022). As a self-fertile plant, and the flowers which contain diterpenoid alkaloids (Anonymous, 2017). The alkaloids they contain of Consolida species cause them to be toxic. This toxicity can cause neurotoxic, muscle system spasms and even death (Meriçli et al., 2001; Gonz´alez et al., 2005; Bitiş et al., 2006). Thanks to the alkaloids it contains, consolida when used in appropriate amounts, have effects in analgesic balms, sedatives, emetics and anthelmintics (Meriçli et al., 2001; Ulubelen et al., 2001).

Gallocatechin gallate is a form of catechin and an ester of gallocatechin and gallic acid. This is an epimer of the gallate epigallocatechin. In this study, the effect of this molecule, containing a biologically active group, was investigated in terms of important metabolic enzymes (carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and II), achethylcholinesterase (AChE) and a-glycosidase (a-Gly) enzymes). The molecular docking method used to compare the biological activities of the Catechin 5-O-gallate molecule against enzymes was used. Afterwards, the ADME/T analysis was performed to investigate the drug availability of the Catechin 5-O-gallate molecule and the parameters obtained from ADME/T analysis were examined. Continuation of this study, for evaluating antioxidant and radical scavenging capacity Catechin 5-O-gallate, cupric ion (Cu2þ) reduction capacity by CUPRAC method, Fe3þ-Fe2þ reducing capacity, DPPH free radical clarifying (DPPH· ), ABTS radical clarifying (ABTS þ) were performed separately and during the study, trolox, a-tocopherol BHT and BHA were used as the reference antioxidant compound. Comparisons were applied with the four standard substances. Abbreviations: ADME: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; ACR: acarbose; AZA: acetazolamide; AChE: achethylcholinesterase; ABTS: 2, 2’-azino-Bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (biochemical reagent); a-Gly: a-glycosidase; BHA: butylated hydroxyanisole; BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene; BChE: butyrylcholinesterase; CA: carbonic anhydrase; CUPRAC: cupric reducing antioxidant capacity; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; EGCG: gallate epigallocatechin; GA: gallic acid; GCG: gallocatechin gallate