Search

The usage of Electronic Health Record (EHR) has taken a big role in Healthcare Sector and EHR are started to implement in most of the countries in the world. EHR helps in improving the quality of the treatment by referring the previous history and any time access. But, as a system EHR can be used anywhere any time, the query arises on its data security while sharing the data. Despite its rising utility and growing enthusiasm for its adoption, the ethical considerations that may arise are receiving little attention. Need to look way on how to secure the EHR Systems and found one way as to encode the data and then it can be shared with a security pin. This article entitles the different possible ways of the ethics or ethical considerations which can come by using the EHR Systems and its thinkable results that can be implemented., {"references":["1.\tAbouelmehdi, K., Beni-Hessane, A., & Khaloufi, H. (2017). Big healthcare data: preserving security and privacy. Journal of Big Data. 2.\tAzmaeen, Z. (2022). The ethical challenges facing the widespread adoption of digital healthcare technology. Health and Technology, 175–179. 3.\tBipin Kumar, R. (2014). Security Challenges and Solutions for Healthcare in the Internet of Things. IEEE International Congress on Big Data. 4.\tChristina, W. Y. (2017). Data Accuracy in Electronic Medical Record Documentation. JAMA Ophthalmol, 232-233. 5.\tCornelius, E., Susan, H., &Kris, D. (2021). How do healthcare professionals respond to ethical challenges regarding information management? A review of empirical studies. Global Bioethics, 67-84. 6.\tDixon-Woods M, M. S. (2012). Ten challenges in improving quality in healthcare: lessons from the Health Foundation's programme evaluations and relevant literature. BMJ Quality & Safety, 876-884. 7.\tDorothy, S., & Kenneth, P. M. (2020). The ethics of neurologically complicated pregnancies. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 227-242. 8.\tDrumwright, M. (2015). Behavioral ethics and teaching ethical decision making. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 176-180. 9.\tEllen, Z. A. (2008). Modifiers of Complementary Therapy: Legal, Ethical, and Cultural Issues. Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 24-35. 10.\tFouzia, O. F., Nayer, J., Amit, S., &Praveen, A. (2015). Ethical issues in electronic health records: A general overview. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 73-76. 11.\tFred, F. M. (2008). The Ethical Principle of Justice: The Purveyor of Equality. Annals of Long-Term Care. 12.\tJukka , V. (2006). The value of autonomy in medical ethics. Medical, Healhcare and Philosophy, 377-388. 13.\tKelkar, A. H., Blake, J. A., Cherabuddi, K., Cornett, H., McKee, B. L., & Cogle, C. R. (2021). Vaccine Enthusiasm and Hesitancy in Cancer Patients and the Impact of a Webinar. Healthcare. 14.\tKirsti, D. A. (2001). Ethical Challenges of Medicine and Health on the Internet: A Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 15.\tLippeveld, T., Sauerborn, R., & Bodart, C. (2000). Design and implementation of health information systems. Geneva: World Health Organization. 16.\tMenachemi, N., Ford, E., Beitsch, L., &Brooks, R. (2007). Incomplete EHR adoption: Late uptake of patient safety and cost control functions. American Journal of Medical Quality, 319-326. 17.\tMohammad, J. S., Sabina, R., William, G., Eric, P., &Stuart, M. (2019). Health Care and Cybersecurity: Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature. Journal of Medical Research. 18.\tNicole, M.-M., Zelun, L., Amit, K., Ehsan, A., Albert, H., Sara, K. S., Arnold , M. (2021). Ethical issues in using ambient intelligence in health-care settings. Lancet Digit Health, 115-23. 19.\tPediatr, N. (2020). Practical Bioethics during the Exceptional Circumstances of a Pandemic. Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, 3-4. 20.\tPractical, E. (2015). Simplifying the Complexity of Confidentiality in Research. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics. 21.\tRakesh, K. S., Gayathri, N., Muthuramalingam, S., Balamurugan, B., Ramesh, C., & Nallakaruppan, M. (2019). Medical Big Data Mining and Processing in e-Healthcare. In Valentina E, H. S. Le, J. Sudan, K. Manju , & K. Raghvendra , Internet of Things in Biomedical Engineering (pp. 323-339). Academic Press. 22.\tRicardo, L., Clarissa, C. M., Ademar, D., &Leonardo, C. C. (2021). Implementation of large-scale health information systems. Revista de Gestao, 106-132. 23.\tRozemarijn, L. B.-V., Gert, v. D., Inez, B. d., & Francesco, M.-R. (2020). Ethical frameworks for complex medical decision making in older patients: A narrative review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 24.\tShaharior, R. R., Tasnuva, Y., Taimia , B. A., Shahin , I., Sheikh , M. I., Hailay , A. G., & Paul , W. (2021). Challenges Faced by Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inquiry From Bangladesh. Frontiers in Public Health . 25.\tSheikh, S. (2007). The importance of ethics in healthcare System. Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences. 26.\tSiddiqui, A. (2016). Healthcare - Ethical Code, Code of Conduct and Professional Ethics. General Directorate of Health. RiyadhAt: Public Health Department. 27.\tSoile , J., Kirsi , R., & Piia , S. (2019). The ethics of care and justice in primary nursing of older patients. Clinical Ethics. 28.\tVarkey, B. (2021). Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice. Medical principles and practice , 17-28. 29.\tVijayalakshmi , S., Ishpreet , A., Hong , Y., Anju , P. s., & Akansha , S. (2021). Impact of big data in healthcare system—a quick look into electronic health record systems. In K. S. Krishna, E. Mohamed , S. Akansha , & E. A. Ahmed , Machine Learning and the Internet of Medical Things in Healthcare, (pp. 251-262). Academic Press. 30.\tYaser , J., Asem , T., Sahar , K., & Amro , A.-M. (2021). Challenges to healthcare information systems development: The case of Jordan. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 447-455."]}

While the stratospheric ozone protects the biosphere against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, tropospheric ozone acts like a greenhouse gas and an indicator of anthropogenic pollution. In this paper, we combined ground-based and satellite ozone observations over Irene site (25.90&deg, S, 28.22&deg, E), one of the most ancient ozone-observing stations in the southern tropics. The dataset is made of daily total columns and weekly profiles of ozone collected over 20 years, from 1998 to 2017. In order to fill in some missing data and split the total column of ozone into a tropospheric and a stratospheric column, we used satellite observations from TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer), OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) experiments. The tropospheric column is derived by integrating ozone profiles from an ozonesonde experiment, while the stratospheric column is obtained by subtracting the tropospheric column from the total column (recorded by the Dobson spectrometer), and by assuming that the mesospheric contribution is negligible. Each of the obtained ozone time series was then analyzed by applying the method of wavelet transform, which permitted the determination of the main forcings that contribute to each ozone time series. We then applied the multivariate Trend-Run model and the Mann&ndash, Kendall test for trend analysis. Despite the different analytical approaches, the obtained results are broadly similar and consistent. They showed a decrease in the stratospheric column (&minus, 0.56% and &minus, 1.7% per decade, respectively, for Trend-Run and Mann&ndash, Kendall) and an increase in the tropospheric column (+2.37% and +3.6%, per decade, respectively, for Trend-Run and Mann&ndash, Kendall). Moreover, the results presented here indicated that the slowing down of the total ozone decline is somewhat due to the contribution of the tropospheric ozone concentration.

This study aims to investigate the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) events and ozone trends over Irene (25.5°S, 28.1°E). Twelve years of ozonesondes data (2000–2007, 2012–2015) from Irene station operating in the framework of the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesodes (SHADOZ) was used to study the troposphere (0–16 km) and stratosphere (17– 28 km) ozone (O3) vertical profiles. Ozone profiles were grouped into three categories (2000–2003, 2004–2007 and 2012–2015) and average composites were calculated for each category. Fifteen O3 enhancement events were identified over the study period. These events were observed in all seasons (one event in summer, four events in autumn, five events in winter and five events in spring), however, they predominantly occur in winter and spring. The STE events presented here are observed to be influenced by the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex. During the STE events, the advected potential vorticity maps assimilated using Modélisation Isentrope du transport Méso–échelle de l’Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection (MIMOSA) model for the 350 K (~12–13 km) isentropic level indicated a transport of high latitude air masses which seems to be responsible for the reduction of the O3 mole fractions at the lower stratosphere over Irene which takes place at the same time with the enhancement of ozone in the upper troposphere. In general, the stratosphere is dominated by higher Modern Retrospective Analysis for Research Application (MERRA-2) potential vorticity (PV) values compared to the troposphere. However, during the STE events, higher PV values from the stratosphere were observed to intrude the troposphere. Ozone decline was observed from 12 km to 24 km with highest decline occurring from 14 km to 18 km. An average decrease of 6.0 and 9.1% was calculated from 12 to 24 km in 2004–2007 and 2012–2015 respectively. The observed decline occurred in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with winter and spring showing more decline compared with summer and autumn.