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A partir da indicação clínica de Rotavírus em fezes de 485 crianças, investigou-se a presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp. Não houve diferenças significativas entre a positividade de Cryptosporidium sp e rotavírus com a consistência das fezes. Cryptosporidium sp deve ser incluído na investigação diagnóstica dos quadros diarréicos em crianças.

The presence of oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp was investigated in 485 fecal samples of children with clinical indication of Rotavirus. No significant differences were observed between Cryptosporidium sp. and rotavirus occurrence and fecal consistency. Cryptosporidium sp also should be performed in the laboratory diagnosis of diarrheic episodes in children.

The objectives of this study were to determine both the prevalence of microsporidial intestinal infection and the clinical outcome of the disease in a cohort of 40 HIV-infected patients presenting with chronic diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Each patient, after clinical evaluation, had stools and intestinal fragments examined for viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Microsporidia were found in 11 patients (27.5%) either in stools or in duodenal or ileal biopsies. Microsporidial spores were found more frequently in stools than in biopsy fragments. Samples examined using transmission electron microscopy (n=3) or polymerase chain reaction (n=6) confirmed Enterocytozoon bieneusi as the causative agent. Microsporidia were the only potential enteric pathogens found in 5 of the 11 patients. Other pathogens were also detected in the intestinal tract of 21 patients, but diarrhea remained unexplained in 8. We concluded that microsporidial infection is frequently found in HIV infected persons in Rio de Janeiro, and it seems to be a marker of advanced stage of AIDS.

The occurrence of intestinal parasites, its relation with the transmission mechanism of HIV, and the clinical state of the AIDS patients, were analyzed in 99 Group IV patients (CDC, 1986), treated at "Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto" (HUPE), between 1986 and 1988. The group consisted of 79 (79.8%) patients whose HIV transmission mechanism took place through sexual contact and of 16 (20.2%) who were infected through blood. Feces samples from each patient were examined by four distincts methods (Faust et al, Kato-Katz, Baermann-Moraes and Baxby et al.). The moste occuring parasites were: Cryptosporidium sp., Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana (18.2%), Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lambia (15.2%). E. histolytica and/or E. hartmanni (13.1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (11.1%) and Isospora belli (10.1%). Furthermore, 74.7% of the patients carried at least one species. Intestinal parasites were found in 78.5% of the patients who acquired the HIV through sexual intercourse and in 56,3% of those infected by blood contamination. The difference, was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the group under study, the increase of the occurrence of parasitc infections does not seem to depend on the acquisiton of HIV through sexual contact. It appears that in developing countries, the dependancy is more related to the classic mechanisms of parasites transmission and its endemicity. A ocorrência de parasitas intestinais, sua relação com o mecanismo de transmissão do HIV e a apresentação clínica da AIDS foram analisadas em 99 pacientes do grupo IV (CDC, 1986), atendidos no Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) entre 1986 e 1988. O grupo era constituído de 79 (79,9%) pacientes cujo mecanismos de transmssão do HIV se deu por via sexual e de 16 (20,2%) que se infectaram por via sanguínea. Amostras de fezes de cada paciente foram examinadas por quatro métodos distintos (Faust et al., Kato-Katz, Baermann-Moraes e Baxby et al.). Os parasitos mais frqüentemente encontrados foram: Cryptosporidium sp., Entamoeba coli e Endolimax nana (18,2%) seguidos de Strongyloides stercoralis e Giardia lamblia (15,2%), E. histolytica e/ou E. hartmanni (13,1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (11,1%) e Isospora belii (10,1%), sendo que 74,4% dos pacientes com AIDS albergavam pelo menos uma espécie. Observamos que 78,5% dos pacientes que adquiriram o HIV por via sexual e 56,3% dos que foram infectados por via sanguínea albergavam parasitos intestinais, mas a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05). O mecanisto de infecção por via sexual não parece contribuir de forma importante para o aumento da ocorrência de infecções parasitárias no grupo estudado e sim os mecanismos clássicos de transmissão de parasitos em nosso meio.