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A health service that regulates the delegation of duties and responsibilities for health services that cannot be implemented at the basic (primary) service level due to limited infrastructure, medical personnel and the presence of anamnesis that requires patients to receive further health services such as specialist services. The still high number of patient referrals shows that community health centers are not yet able to provide optimal health services as gatekeepers of health services in the community. The aim of the research is to analyze factors related to patient referrals for National Health Insurance (JKN) participants at First Level Health Facilities (FKTP). The research design used was analytical survey research with a cross sectional approach. The sample was 109 patients participating in National Health Insurance (JKN) who received services at the Gerunggang Community Health Center, Pangkalpinang City. The research results show a relationship between Knowledge and Referrals from JKN Participant Patients, namely p value = 0.000 < ? = 0.05 and there is a relationship between Satisfaction Level and Referrals from JKN Participant Patients, namely p value = 0.018 < ? = 0.05. The research conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge and the level of patient satisfaction with patient referrals for JKN participants at the Gerunggang Community Health Center. It is hoped that health workers at Community Health Centers, both medical and non-medical personnel, will always improve services and prioritize patient needs, especially in providing referral information to patients.

The objective of this study is to ascertain the financial ratios, specifically the Cash Ratio, Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM), of Financial Distress in Manufacturing Companies within the Consumer Goods Industry Sector that are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This study employs quantitative data. The findings and analysis presented in this study are as follows: The multiple linear regression test results indicate that the t-count value is 10.625, more significant than the t-table value of 2.03951. Additionally, the significance level of the t-count is 0.001, which is less than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, we may infer that the t-count value is statistically significant. The ROI multiple linear regression test results indicate that the t-count value of 2.886 is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.007, compared to a t-table value of 2.03951 and a significance level of 0.05. Therefore, we can infer that the t-count value of 2.886 is significant. The t-value is 2.03951, and the significance level is 0.007, less than 0.05. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the t-count for ROE is -2.897, which has a significance level of 0.007. Comparing this with the t-table value of 1.69552 at a significance level of 0.05, we may infer that the t-count value of 2.897 is greater than the t-table value of 1.69552, and the significance level of 0.007 is less than 0.05. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the t-count value for NPM is -1.095, with a significance level of 0.282. Comparing this to the t-table value of 1.69552 at a significance level of 0.05, we may conclude that the t-count value of 1.095 is less than the t-table value and is not statistically significant. The F-table test yielded a result of 2.67 with an error rate of 5%. The acquired F-count was 50.596, more significant than the F-table value of 2.67, indicating a significant difference with a significance level of 0.002, less than the threshold of 0.05.

Burning biomass on sugarcane plantations can lead to pollution (CO₂ emissions) and degradation in soil properties. Adopting non-burning technology can increase the value of biomass by applying it directly to the soil, although this may result in nutrient immobilization, which can hinder optimal plant growth due to high lignin and cellulose content or high CN ratio. On the contrary, composting waste with a decomposer will boost plant nutrient availability and enhance other soil characteristics. This research was aimed to assess the effect of several types of sugarcane organic matter on improving soil characteristics, growth of sugarcane and the CO₂ emissions. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors: type of organic matter (control, fresh litter and compost of sugarcane biomass) and level of drought stress (100, 75, 50 and 25%). Incubation occurred over 16 weeks, divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. The results showed that the application of organic materials in the form of compost could reduce water loss caused by environmental heat and sugarcane growing process. Furthermore, compost application improved soil chemical and biological properties by increasing soil pH, total nitrogen (N), total phosphate (P), total potassium (K), and the total microbial population, although differences were not significant compared to the control. Additionally, applying organic matter in the form of compost or litter helped suppress or reduce emissions, with compost treatment proving more effective than litter in reducing CO₂ emissions.

Nutrient uptake efficiency in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) must be increased using organic matter to restore soil fertility, resulting in greater productivity. The humic substance is a complex organic material that is excellent for overcoming this challenge. This study aimed to determine the effect of the humic acid enriched by liquid urea by-product (PSUC) and liquid NPK by-product (PSNC) application on the growth and productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022 on PT RNI plantation land, Jatitujuh, Majalengka. The research was arranged in a completely randomized (CRD) using two different humic acid product prototypes (PSUC and PSNC) with two evaluation times, a screening and a semi-pilot scale. Solid humic at a dose of 15 Kg ha⁻¹ was applied by mixing it with inorganic fertilizers, while liquid humic at a total dose of 15 L ha⁻¹ was applied by foliar spray technique at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting (MAP). The results showed that applying humic acid PSUC and PSNC enhanced sugarcane shoot growth, segmented stem number, and diameter. In addition, it could consistently promote sugarcane yields on the semi-pilot scale up to 19.18% and 24.26% under humic acid PSUC and PSNC treatments, respectively. Therefore, both in the screening and semi-pilot evaluation, the solid and liquid humic acid PSUC and PSNC applied simultaneously are potential organic materials to enhance sugarcane growth and yield.

Introduction: Shortness of breath is the most distressing long COVID-19 symptom associated with the decline of small airway function, as shown by a decrease in forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25-75% value in the spirometry test. This study aimed to compare FEF 25-75% values as a predictor of small airway disease between mild-moderate and severe-critical long COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study used a prospective cohort design that included 24 post-hospitalized COVID-19 patients who came to the long COVID-19 clinic at Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital (UGM AH), Yogyakarta. The subjects were divided into mild-moderate and severe-critical groups based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The subjects were tested for spirometry three months after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. The comparison of both severity groups used the percent prediction of FEF 25-75% spirometry results. The value was interpreted as abnormal if the predicted FEF 25-75% value was below 65%. Results: There were three (25%) and two (16.67%) subjects with FEF 25-75% predicted below normal values in the mild-moderate and severe-critical groups consecutively, which showed a decline in small airway function. This study showed no statistically significant differences (p-value = 0.882) between the means of FEF 25-75% predicted values of the two groups. Conclusion: A small proportion of post-COVID-19 syndrome patients had small airway disease, and there were no statistical differences in small airway function between the groups.

Linear algebra over the semiring R_ε with ⊗ (plus) and ⨁ (maximum) operations which is known as max-plus algebra. One of the isomorphic with this algebra is a min-plus algebra. Min-plus algebra that is the set R_(ε^' )=R∪{ε'}, with ⊗^' (plus) and ⨁' (minimum) operations. Given a matrix whose components are elements of R_(ε^' ) is called min-plus algebra matrices. Any matrix can be connected by an inverse. In conventional algebra, a square matrix is said an invertible matrix if the det⁡〖(A)〗≠0. In contrast to max-plus algebra, a matrix is said to have inverse condition if it meets certain conditions. Some concepts from the max-plus algebra can be transformed to the min-plus, because of their structural similarity. This means that the inverse matrix concept in max-plus can be constructed into a min-plus version. Thus, this study will explain the inverse of a matrix over the min-plus algebra, property of multiplying two invertible matrices, and connection between invertible matrix and linear mapping used the literature study method, with literature sources such as books, journals, articles, and theses. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis technique. Then, this article has a principal result that is matrix A∈R_(ε^')^(n×n) has a right inverse if and only if there are permutations of σ and the value of λ_i

Social media is one of the public services for conveying or obtaining news, opinions and comments on an issue. One of the social media that is in great demand by the people of Indonesia is Twitter. Kurikulum merdeka is one of the most discussed issues currently on Twitter. Kurikulum merdeka is a curriculum that incorporates varied intra-curricular learning with more optimal content to provide students adequate time to investigate ideas and build expertise. Until now, kurikulum merdeka still reaps the pros and cons. To process and analyze further regarding opinions on the kurikulum merdeka, it can be done using sentiment analysis. The high dimension of features in the classification process becoming a problem in sentiment analysis because it causes classification to be inefficient, so feature selection is needed to solve this problem. The purpose of this study was to obtain the results of the classification of kurikulum merdeka sentiments using the multinomial naïve bayes and bernoulli naïve Bayes, as well as query expansion rankings for feature selection and to compare the performance of the two classifications. Multinomial naïve bayes classification produces 106 tweets with positive sentiment and 164 tweets with negative sentiment with accuracy, recall, precision and f-measure respectively 98.889%, 98.131%, 99.057% and 98.591%, while bernoulli naïve bayes produces 95 tweets with positive sentiment and 175 tweets with negative sentiment with accuracy, recall, precision, and f-measure respectively 94.815%, 87.850%, 98.947% and 93.069% respectively. Therefore, multinomial naïve bayes classifies the kurikulum merdeka sentiment better than bernoulli naïve bayes.

The aim of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of giving natural Daphnia sp feed enriched with viterna, spirulina and glutamine on the survival and growth of Climbing perch larvae. Proximate analysis was carried out at the end of the research to see the nutritional content of the enriched Daphnia sp. Sampling was carried out at the beginning and end of the research with a maintenance period of 30 days. This research used completely randomized design for 4 treatments and 3 repetitions, namely: treatment A (control), B (viterna enrichment 10 ml/L), C (spirulina enrichment 3 g/L) and D (glutamine enrichment 25 mg/L). The proximate test results showed that treatment B produced the highest protein content, namely 59.61%, while the control treatment was 49.45%. Survival rate ranges between 72-84%. Relative weight growth ranged between 196.78-506.88% while relative length ranged between 29.24-88.51%. The 10 ml/L spirulina enrichment treatment resulted in the highest relative growth in weight and length, while the highest survival rate was found in the 3 g/L spirulina enrichment treatment.

In the development of climbing perch cultivation, there are several factors that are still obstacles, namely, slow growth and low survival, especially in the critical period phase, namely the post-larval phase. The aim of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of giving Daphnia sp with viterna enrichment on the survival and growth of climbing perch post-larval. Proximate analysis was carried out at the end of the research to see the nutritional content of the enriched Daphnia sp. Sampling was carried out at the beginning and end of the study with a maintenance period of 30 days. During rearing the larvae were given Daphnia sp 2 times a day. This study used RAL for 4 treatments and 3 repetitions, namely: treatment A (control), B (viterna enrichment 10 ml/l), C (viterna enrichment 20 ml/l) and treatment D (viterna enrichment 30 ml/l). The proximate test results showed that treatment B produced the highest protein content, namely 59.61%, while the control treatment was 49.45%. Survival rates range between 76-88%. Relative weight growth ranged between 214.41-524.69% while relative length ranged between 29.24-59.62%. Treatment B produced the best relative growth in weight and length but was not statistically significantly different from the other treatments. Treatment D produced the best survival but after statistical tests it was not significantly different between treatments.

This research aims to analyze the feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of STEM-based E-LKPD. The type of research used is the R&D model which is modified into 7 stages, namely needs analysis, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, and usage trial. The research results showed that the feasibility of STEM-based E-LKPD was declared quite valid or suitable for use with a percentage of 72.5%. Effectiveness is measured based on students' pretest and posttest scores in usage trials with a sample of 28 students. The pretest and posttest values explained produce data that is normally distributed and homogeneous. The increase in pretest and posttest scores was tested using N-Gain with a calculation result of 0.64 in the medium category. The level of product effectiveness was tested using an effect size with a result of 3.4 with high criteria. The practicality test of STEM-based E-LKPD was obtained by teachers at 97.3% and students at 84.4% in the very practical category.

Penulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana implementasi teknik vokal luk, gregel, dan crooning pada repertoar Tristeza dengan iringan combo keroncong. Teknik vokal luk, dan gregel merupakan teknik vokal yang digunakan dalam menyanyikan repertoar keroncong. Luk dapat diartikan sebagai bagian dari cengkok yang memperindah pembawaan lagu. Kemudian gregel merupakan hiasan dari nada yang bergerak dengan cepat. Pada penulisanya gregel dapat ditulis dengan tanda inverted mordent. Teknik vokal crooning merupakan teknik bernyanyi ringan seperti berbicara. Tristeza merupakan repertoar musik latin. Musik keroncong dan musik latin merupakan musik yang berasal dari akar yang sama. Musik latin memiliki ciri pada permainan ritmik yang kerap dipegang oleh instrumen perkusi, 2 sedangkan ciri khas musik keroncong terletak pada instrumen cak, dan cuk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan penerapan metode studi dokumen, wawancara dan diskografi. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa sajian musik dengan repertoar Tristeza yang telah diaransemen dibawakan dengan iringan combo keroncong, dan implementasi teknik vokal luk, gregel, dan crooning. Dengan demikian menghasilkan nuansa musik yang baru. Abstract Implementation of Luk, Gregel, and Crooning Vocal Techniques in the Tristeza Repertoire. This writing discusses how the implementation of luk, gregel, and crooning vocal techniques in the Tristeza repertoire with keroncong combo accompaniment. Luk, and gregel vocal techniques are vocal techniques used in singing keroncong repertoire. Luk can be interpreted as part of the cengkok that beautifies the rendition of the song. Then gregel is a decoration of a tone that moves quickly. In writing gregel can be written with an inverted mordent sign. Crooning vocal technique is a light singing technique like talking. Tristeza is a Latin music repertoire. Keroncong music and Latin music come from the same roots. Latin music is distinguished by its intricate rhythmic patterns, often driven by percussion instruments, whereas keroncong music is defined by the distinctive sounds produced by the cak and cuk instruments. This research is a qualitative research with the application of document study, interview and discography methods. The results obtained are in the form of a musical presentation with the Tristeza repertoire that has been arranged performed with keroncong combo accompaniment, and the implementation of luk, gregel, and crooning vocal techniques. Thus producing new musical nuances. Keywords: Luk; Gregel; Crooning; Latin; Keroncong

Let R_ε=R∪{-∞}, with R being a set of all real numbers. The algebraic structure (R_ε,⊕,⊗) is called max-plus algebra. The task of finding the eigenvalue and eigenvector is called the eigenproblem. There are several methods developed to solve the eigenproblem of A∈R_ε^(n×n), one of them is by using the characteristic max-polynomial. There is another algebraic structure that is isomorphic with max-plus algebra, namely min-plus algebra. Min-plus algebra is a set of R_(ε^' )=R∪{+∞} that uses minimum (⊕^' ) and addition (⊗) operations. The eigenproblem in min-plus algebra is to determine λ∈R_(ε^' ) and v∈R_(ε^')^n such that A⊗v=λ⊗v. In this paper, we provide a method for determining the characteristic min-polynomial and solving the eigenproblem by using the characteristic min-polynomial. We show that the characteristic min-polynomial of A∈R_(ε^')^(n×n) is the permanent of I⊗x⊕^' A, the smallest corner of χ_A (x) is the principal eigenvalue (λ(A)), and the columns of A_λ^+ with zero diagonal elements are eigenvectors corresponding to the principal eigenvalue.

This study aims to evaluate the financial management of API Syubbanul Wathon Tegalrejo Secang Islamic Boarding School through the implementation of the Financial Management Information System (SIMKEU) application. The background of this research is that the challenges in financial recording that are still done manually, prone to errors, and take a long time. The research method used uses a case study approach with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with pesantren leaders and administrative staff, direct observation of the financial management process, and analysis of documents related to pesantren finance. The research was carried out at API Syubbanul Wathon Tegalrejo Secang Islamic Boarding School over a certain period. The results showed that the implementation of SIMKEU succeeded in increasing efficiency in recording and financial management by reducing the time required for the transaction recording process and improving the accuracy of financial statements. However, the study also identified several challenges, such as issues with information and communication technology infrastructure that need to be improvement, and the initial adaptation phase requiring extra time and effort from pesantren staff. Based on the study’s results, it is recommended to enhance information and communication technology infrastructure, and increase training for pesantren staff to maximize the benefits of SIMKEU implementation in the future. In conclusion, the implementation of SIMKEU at API Syubbanul Wathon Tegalrejo Secang Islamic Boarding School has made a significant contribution in improving the efficiency and transparency of Islamic boarding school financial management. This study provides practical guidance for other pesantren that want to adopt similar technologies in an effort to improve financial management effectively and efficiently.

Jatiluhur dam, located in West Java province, is one of the most extensive reservoirs in Indonesia and is used to secure the water supply for 240,000 ha of rice fields to prevent agricultural drought in the downstream Citarum watershed. During the last two decades, several areas in the downstream Citarum watershed have been experiencing agricultural drought following meteorological drought events. This study aimed to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural drought and their correlation with meteorological drought occurrence by utilizing a remote sensing image processing technique. The Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) derived from MODIS and CHIRPS data were used to estimate agricultural and meteorological drought events, respectively. The results showed that the magnitude of agricultural drought in the downstream Citarum watershed was varied and related to earlier meteorological drought. The agricultural drought mainly occurred after a meteorological event with the magnitude mostly related to the magnitude of the ONI and DMI. A strong El Nino and positive IOD will cause a higher magnitude of agricultural drought. The time lag between the two drought occurrences was found to be related to the distance of the paddy fields from the main irrigation network and the proximity of the main irrigation network to the Jatiluhur Dam spillway.

# Background The number of studies examining family, community, institutional and policy factors on COVID-19 vaccine perceptions is limited, with most concentrating on high-income countries and using predominantly quantitative methods. To address this gap, the goal of this manuscript is to qualitatively explore these factors and how they shape adolescents’ perspectives on COVID-19 vaccines across diverse contexts. # Methods Focus group discussions were conducted among adolescent populations (13 - 18 years) across seven countries: Ghent, Belgium; Sao Paulo, Brazil, Shanghai; China, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); Semarang and Denpasar, Indonesia; Blantyre, Malawi and New Orleans, United States of America (USA). An inductive thematic analytical approach was used to understand the emerging themes across the different countries based on the study’s objectives. # Results The study found that all influences were inter-connected and contributed towards vaccine perceptions among adolescents, which were largely positive except in the two African countries and to an extent in the USA. Family and community influences played a large role in vaccine perceptions, however, this differed by context. Our findings suggest adolescents’ perceptions about vaccines were more positive in countries with higher vaccination rates, i.e. China and Indonesia versus countries with lower vaccination rates i.e. Malawi and DRC. Vaccine mandates within schools, offices, and public places were also discussed with varying perceptions based on government trust. # Conclusions Adolescents’ perceptions of the Covid-19 vaccine are based on a variety of elements, such as families, community, institutions, and policies. Prioritizing one or another path may not be sufficient to improve vaccine adherence during future pandemics, as we experienced with Covid-19. Strategies to make vaccine perceptions more positive among urban poor adolescents should address both family and community perceptions. However, policies and robust programs around immunization are still needed.

The Sentani people in Papua have wealth of cultural heritages which was formerly actively practiced. One of them is traditional games (TG). Since 1970 when their area turned into a provincial capital and infrastructure development took place and modernization, the Sentani people began to lose land for TG. Now the younger generation does not recognize and practice these traditional sports and games. This study aims to (1) document traditional Sentani sports and games and (2) discuss their potential utilization in several fields. This research was conducted in October-December 2022 in several villages and islands on Lake Sentani through interviews and FGDs with informants consisting of tribal chiefs, the elders, Papuan customary council members, and government officials. This research found several TG which can be divided into two, namely water TG i.e., rukha hasai, rem phaeikho-phaeikho, and bhu phaeikho-phaeikho as well as land TG, i.e., mokhone oro habele sablei, fela-fela, and mendelauw. TG couldbe utilized as media of education, charater building, tourism and creative economy. Apart from being a social awareness, it is hoped that this research can become a cultural preservation of Sentani and utilized so that this intangible heritage does not become extinct and can be disseminated to the world community.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: حب الشباب الشائع مشكلة شائعة، مع معدل حدوث مرتفع نسبيا بين الآسيويين. بالمناسبة، تم إثبات الخصائص المحتملة المضادة للميكروبات والمضادة للالتهابات لقشور الموز في دراسات سابقة؛ ومع ذلك، لم يتم دراستها في حالة حب الشباب. هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة التأثيرات الوقائية لمستخلص قشر الموز (موسى بالبسيانا) بسبب حب الشباب. طريقة البحث: تم تقسيم ثلاثين جرذا إلى خمس مجموعات (عدد = 6 فئران في كل مجموعة): مجموعة حب الشباب، مجموعة حب الشباب الشائع المعالجة بـ 0.15 ٪ قشر الموز (موسى بالبيسيانا) ، مجموعة حب الشباب الشائع المعالجة بنسبة 0.30 ٪ قشر الموز (موسى بالبيسيانا)، مجموعة حب الشباب الشائع المعالجة 0.60 ٪ قشر الموز (موسى بالبيسيانا)، وحب الشباب الشائع المجموعة التي تم إعطاؤها الكليندامايسين كدواء قياسي. قمنا بتقييم حجم العقيدات وعدد البكتيريا وعلم الأنسجة ومستويات السيتوكين (انترليوكن-1، وانتر فيرون جاما، وعامل نخر العظم-ألفا، انترليوكن-8). تم استخدام المقايسات المناعية المرتبطة بالإنزيم لقياس مستويات السيتوكين. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أجرينا دراسات الالتحام الجزيئي لتحديد التفاعلات بين المواد الكيميائية النباتية (تريغونيلين، الفانيلين، حمض الفيروليك، حمض الأيزوفانيليك، الروتين، والسالسولينول) عبر مسارات المستقبل الشبيه بالتول-2 والعامل النووي – كابا ب. النتائج: أدت جميع جرعات قشر الموز (موسى بالبيسيانا) إلى تثبيط نمو البكتيريا وإنتاج السيتوكينات المنشطة للالتهابات مقارنة بمجموعة حب الشباب، بالإضافة إلى علاج التهاب الأنسجة. تم قمع حجم العقدة بشكل معنوي بأعلى جرعتين من قشر الموز (موسى بالبيسيانا) مقارنة بمجموعة حب الشباب. ومع ذلك، يظل تأثيره الدوائي أدنى من تأثير الكليندامايسين. أظهرت دراسات الالتحام أن المركب النباتي ذو الطاقة التفاعلية الأكثر سلبية مع المستقبل الشبيه بالتول-2 والعامل النووي – كابا ب كان روتيني. الاستنتاجات: تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن مستخلص قشر الموز (موسى بالبيسيانا) يعمل كعامل مضاد للالتهابات ضد حب الشباب الشائع، عن طريق قمع تكوينات العقيدات، وتثبيط نمو البكتيريا، وتقليل إنتاج السيتوكينات المسببة للالتهابات. Abstract: Objective: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common problem with a relatively high incidence rate among Asian people. The potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of banana peels have been demonstrated in previous studies but have not been studied in cases of AV. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the protective effects of banana (Musa balbisiana) peel extract (MBPE) against AV. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into five groups (n = 6 rats per group): an AV group, AV group treated with 0.15% MBPE, AV group administered 0.30% MBPE, AV group administered 0.60% MBPE, and AV group administered clindamycin (the standard drug treatment). We assessed nodule size, bacterial count, histopathology, and cytokine levels (IL-1α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-8). Enzyme linked immunoassays were used to measure the cytokine levels. In addition, we performed molecular docking studies to determine the interactions between phytochemicals (trigonelline, vanillin, ferulic acid, isovanillic acid, rutin, and salsolinol) via the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Results: All MBPE treatment groups, compared with the AV group, showed suppression of both bacterial growth and proinflammatory cytokine production, as well as resolved tissue inflammation. The nodule size was significantly suppressed in the groups receiving the two highest doses of MBPE, compared with the AV group. However, the pharmacological action of MBPE remained inferior to that of clindamycin. Docking studies demonstrated that rutin was the phytocompound with the most negative interaction energy with TLR2 or NF-κB. Conclusions: Our results indicated that MBPE has anti-inflammatory effects against AV, by suppressing nodule formation, inhibiting bacterial growth, and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine production.

Sucrosin technology, have been tested in ​​more than 10,000 ha of sugarcane planting area, resulted in highly variable increases in productivity. However, fulfilling standard operational procedures when implemented on a wide scale is complicated, so it needs to be simplified regarding product formulation and application techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the three different formulas of Sucrosin technology in increasing sugarcane growth and productivity. The study was conducted on PC sugarcane at RNI Plantation, Majalengka, West Java, using the Bululawang 1303 variety. The research design was a completely randomized design with four treatments consisting of Sucrosin technology existing (Se), formula 1 (S1), and formula 2 (S2) and control. The application of formula 2 Sucrosin technology (S2) could significantly increase the height and diameter of sugarcane stalks at 6 and 9 MAP. Sugarcane production in Se, S1, and S2 treatments increased by 22.49% (112.71 ton ha-1), 20.47% (110.85 ton ha-1), and 16.45% (107.15 ton ha-1) compared to controls (92.02 ton ha-1), respectively. These results show that Sucrosin Se technology produces the highest production. Nevertheless, from a technical perspective for implementation in the field, the most straightforward Sucrosin technology is S2. However, further research needs to be conducted in the broader area across different agro-ecologies to confirm the current findings.

Proper decision-making in a company requires a company to make decisions quickly, precisely, and relevant to the problem at hand. The ability to examine problems encountered necessitates the use of data from all areas of an organization. These data will be the basis for decision-making. Due to the significance of these data, data warehouse (DW) and analytics and business Intelligence (ABI) are necessary form of information technology. The DW and business intelligence requirements for each organization differ based on the industry. As a result, this case study of the Bedstead manufacturers intends to build a blueprint of the DW and ABI that can be used as the basis and reference in the future by this company and similar companies in creating DWs and business intelligence.

This study aims to examine the effect of menu variant and service quality on purchasing decision at Pak Qomar restaurant Sidayu Gresik. The population in this study were customers to Pak Qomar restaurant Sidayu Gresik for 4 months. How to determine the sample using Slovin's theory as many as 99 respondents which in this study were fulfilled into 100 respondents. The data analysis used is the IBM SPSS 22 program. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis method. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression. The results showed that there was a partial and simultaneous influence of menu variant and service quality on purchasing decision at Pak Qomar restaurant Sidayu Gresik

The study of natural products from marine-derived fungi has been interesting tense to researchers as drug discovery sources. Marine fungus from West Sumatera, Indonesia repeatedly showed their potential for cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity against HT29 colon cancer cells of each fraction of ethyl acetate extracts from Aspergillus nomius NC06 derived from marine sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis. A. nomius was cultivated with rice as a growth medium and extracted with ethyl acetate solvent and evaporated in vacuo to obtain ethyl acetate extract. Furthermore, the compounds of ethyl acetate extract were separated with the VLC (Vacuum Liquide Chromatography) method. Five fractions were obtained, which further investigated their cytotoxic activity against HT29 colon cancer cells by using an MTT assay. The result showed that fractions I and III were categorized as potential fractions due to their IC50 value of 13.12 ± 0.39 μg/mL and 2.59 ± 0.19 μg/mL, respectively. It was also supported by ANOVA to measure the effect of each concentration (0.1; 1; 10; 100 μg/mL) of each fraction on the viability percentage of HT29 cells with p < 0.005.

Background Launched in 2014, Indonesia’s national health insurance system (JKN) aimed to provide universal health coverage, including contraceptive services, to its population. We aim to evaluate the contribution of JKN to the overall spending for the family planning program in Indonesia. Methods Data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey, Survey on Financial Flows for Family Planning, Indonesia Motion Tracker Matrix, World Population Prospect, and Indonesian ministries’ budget accountability reports were entered into the CastCost Contraceptive Projection Tool to define budgetary allocation and spending for the family planning program at the national level in 2019. Results Indonesia’s family planning program in 2019 was financed mostly by the national budget (64.0%) and out-of-pocket payments (34.6%). There were three main ministries responsible for family planning financing: the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) (35.8%), the Ministry of Finance (26.2%), and the Ministry of Health (2.0%). Overall, JKN contributed less than 0.4% of the funding for family planning services in Indonesia in 2019. The majority of family planning spending was by public facilities (57.3%) as opposed to private facilities (28.6%). Conclusion JKN’s contribution to funding Indonesia’s family planning programs in 2019 was low and highlights a huge opportunity to expand these contributions. A coordinated effort should be conducted to identify possible opportunities to realign BKKBN and JKN roles in the family planning programs and lift barriers to accessing family planning services in public and private facilities. This includes a concerted effort to improve integration of private family planning providers into the JKN program.

Tito Sumarwoto,1 Seti Aji Hadinoto,1 Dina Aprilya,2 Sigit Bayudono,3 Totok Siswanto3 1Orthopaedic Upper Limb and Microsurgery Division, Orthopaedic & Traumatology Departement, Prof. DR. R. Soeharso Hospital, Surakarta - Faculty of Medicine Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia; 2Orthopaedic & Traumatology Department, Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Orthopaedic & Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Tito Sumarwoto, Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, Central Java, Indonesia, Email tito.ortho@gmail.comBackground: Neglected elbow dislocation is common in developing countries. The chronic nature of the disease results in a level of complexity that makes treatments and outcomes contradictory. Several treatment methods have been described for neglected elbow dislocations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of neglected elbow dislocations treated using the double approach of reduction and K-wire fixation.Methods: This series included patients with neglected elbow dislocations who were treated with open reduction using double approaches (medial and lateral incisions) between November 2020 and March 2021. Patients were evaluated for a minimum of 6 months to ascertain functional recovery in accordance with the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score.Results: Nine patients with neglected elbow dislocations were included in the study, with an average delay of 3.44 months. Four patients had an excellent MEPI and five had a good score at the final follow-up, with a mean MEPI score of 86.67. The average DASH score was 36 (31– 59). Five patients (55.56%) experienced no pain, but four patients (44.44%) had mild pain, with a range of pain points of 30– 45. The motion arc improvement was 60°– 100°, with a mean of 74.44°. Almost all of the patients (eight patients, 88.89%) had elbow stability, but one patient had ulnar nerve paresthesia postoperatively. Heterotopic ossificans was associated in 1 patient, and triceps lengthening was needed in 1 patient; both came 5 months later.Conclusion: Open reduction surgery with a double approach offers a good chance of a good result with few side effects and should be considered for all patients who have this condition.Keywords: elbow, neglected dislocation, open reduction, surgical approach, functional outcome

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is one of the large solid wastes produced in oil palm industries. In this study, a technique of fast composting of oil palm EFB was carried out. This research aims to assess the effect of aeration on water content, the dynamics of temperature, fungal growth, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the EFB. Treatments tested in this study were three types of ligninolytic fungal isolates as decomposers (Omphalina sp, Pholyota sp, and Omphalina sp + Pholyota sp.) and two types of aeration, i.e., with or without aeration in the composting pile. The study was done for seven weeks on open land. The water content of composting piles on aeration treatments (48.7-53.7%) was slightly higher than treatments without aeration (37.2-45.56%). Based on the parameters of increasing temperature, the EFB decomposition process increased and reached a maximum in the second week and then decreased in the period incubation of 7 weeks. Giving aeration to the EFB pile inoculated with decomposer seems to produce slightly better mycelium growth by about 20% than those without aeration. In general, the values of the C/N ratio were lower in the aerated EFB piles compared to those without aeration. Management of aeration, such as controlling the period of aeration, is needed to maintain EFB moisture in the presence of aeration or add material that keeps the aeration will maintain the optimum water content in a pile.

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has replaced the previously dominant Delta variant because of high transmissibility. However, studies on the impact of the Omicron variant on the severity of COVID-19 are still limited in developing countries. Our study aimed to determine the prognostic factors for the outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants, including age, sex, comorbidities, and smoking. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we involved 352 patients with COVID-19 from Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia, from May 2021 to February 2022, consisting of 164 males and 188 females. We included all patients with the PCR’s Ct value of less than 30 for further whole-genome sequencing. Results Ct value and mean age of COVID-19 patients were not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.146 and 0.273, respectively). Patients infected with Omicron (n = 139) and Delta (n = 213) variants showed similar hospitalization (p = 0.396) and mortality rates (p = 0.565). Multivariate analysis of both groups showed that older age (≥ 65 years) had a higher risk for hospitalization (OR = 3.86 [95% CI = 1.29–11.5]; p = 0.015) and fatalities (OR = 3.91 [95% CI = 1.35–11.42]; p = 0.012). In both groups, patients with cardiovascular disease had a higher risk for hospitalization (OR = 5.36 [95% CI = 1.08–26.52]; p = 0.039), whereas patients with diabetes revealed a higher risk for fatalities (OR = 9.47 [95% CI = 3.23–27.01]; p =

The interaction between culture and religion in Toraja brings social changes in various aspects of life. The cultured Toraja society gets new spiritual content, while religion gets new means to introduce the richness of its faith. This study examined the forms of religious and cultural interactions expressed in Toraja’s houses of worship, namely the Great Mosque of Rantepao and the Church of St. Theresia Rantepao, as the object of this research. In this case, two things that became the main study were how the acculturation of Islam and Catholicism in Toraja at the place of worship of the Great Mosque of Rantepao and the Church of St. Theresia Rantepao is as well as the difference between Islamic and Catholic acculturation in the Great Mosque and the Church of St. Theresia Rantepao. The interaction process between religion and Toraja culture has succeeded in forming a distinctive religious society in Toraja society, which carries out spiritual teachings well, but also upholds the cultural values in society. The Great Mosque of Rantepao and the Church of St. Theresia Rantepao are a form of acculturation of religious teachings about houses of worship and architecture of the Toraja society.

Refined palm oil products may contain a harmful substance called as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), which can potentially be carcinogenic if consumed in excess. The determination of 3-MCPD depends on the sophisticated machine and highly skilled technicians but it is time-consuming. A simple method that proposes rapid detection remains a challenge. Hence, this research aims to develop a colorimetric-based rapid detection sensor using gold nanoparticles functionalized with a ligand, glutathione (GSH) to be bound to 3-MCPD. Varied concentrations of GSH were evaluated to obtain stable GSH-AuNPs. The characterization results showed that the composition of the stable GSH-AuNPs has been achieved by 250 µL of 0.02 M GSH addition. A stable GSH-AuNPs was ruby red with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 520 nm and an average nanoparticle size of 30 nm. The indication for detection of 3-MCPD was marked by the decrease in the absorbance intensity. Thus, GSH-AuNPs have potential to be developed for the 3-MCPD sensor application.

Production costs are the costs incurred to process raw materials into finished products that are ready for sale. Sales are income transactions in the form of goods or services sent by customers to get cash to respect the obligation to pay. This study aims to determine the effect of production and sales costs on the gross profit of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Medan. the type of research used is quantitative, the data used is the company's income statement and cost of goods from 2017 to 2019. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data that comes from original or first sources and secondary data is data that is already available so that it can search for and collect data. The data obtained were then analyzed using the classical assumption test, normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test, multiple linear regression, partial test, simultaneous test, and the R-square coefficient of determination test. The results of the study concluded that the production costs tcount> ttable (-3.859> 2.03452) and sig ttable (2.146> 2.03452) and sig

One effort to increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is to immobilize it on the surface of the sorbent material. This study aims to produce TiO2-Activated Carbon (TiO2-AC) composites which have higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2, using a simple method. The synthesis of TiO2-AC composites was carried out using the hydrothermal method. The synthesis process was initiated by mixing TTIP, ethanol, H2O, and activated carbon with various masses (5 g, 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g). The mixture was then put into a hydrothermal autoclave and heated at 180°C for 12 hours. The material is then washed until the pH is neutral, and then dried. The TiO2-AC composite powder was then calcined at 500°C for 3 hours. Based on the photocatalytic test of the TiO2-AC composite on the degradation of methylene blue compounds, it was shown that composite with a mass variation of 10 g activated carbon (TiO2-AC/10) had the highest photocatalytic activity. FTIR characterization of the sample TiO2-AC/10 showed a shift in the peak wave number of the hydroxyl and carbon groups. Meanwhile, the results of morphological analysis using SEM showed that TiO2 particles had adhered to the AC surface, which was also confirmed by EDX data in the presence of Ti and O elements in the synthesized material. The results of the crystallinity analysis showed that the 100% synthesized TiO2 was the anatase phase with a crystalline size of 1.80−14.14 nm. This study open up opportunities for the development of TiO2-based composite materials for large-scale environmental remediation applications.

The Arab Spring emerged due to a political crisis in most Arab countries that wanted a change from dictatorial regimes to democratic systems in their countries. One of the most prominent issues that caused controversy during the revolution was the issue of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim. This article aims to analyze the meaning of revolution from an Islamic political perspective by discussing the concept of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim, especially towards the three terms: al-bāghī, al-khawārij and al-ḥirābah. This article clarifies the relationship between these three terms with the phenomenon of revolution in the contemporary Islamic world. This article uses a jurisprudential approach with an inductive method by extrapolating jurisprudential sources and references related to the research subject. This article concludes that the notion of revolution is not the same as the concept of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim in Islamic jurisprudence. The reason is that revolution aims to change the political, social and economic reality. In contrast, khurūj is a form of resistance to the leader and does not carry out all the rights demanded of the ruler. In the present context, the redefinition of the concept of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim in Islamic jurisprudence is necessary to suit the modern era.

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) is influenced by some factors such as knowledge, attitudes, economic status, and supports from health and social officers. Increasing the knowledge of CHLB in the household structure is very important. The regulation on Health Development Program concerns the guidelines for implementing healthy Indonesian programs with a family approach. Several obstacles involved the queue of patients, doctors, installation and emergency room, and working hours. This study aims to examine community empowerment policies for clean and healthy living behaviours, which are expected to be a solution to restrictions on several aspects of health facilities, increasing population and demands better service quality. The research method uses a socio-legal qualitative approach. Supporting Legal is collected. Field research is also conducted. In-depth interviews and FGDs carried out data collection. This study concludes that community empowerment is carried out using an educational approach involving community and religious leaders. Community empowerment aims to develop community knowledge and skills, use health facilities, and create health institutions that originate from the community. Critical awareness must be built by forming a Clean and Healthy Community Movement group to give the community a CHLB. Empowering people to live clean and healthy lives takes a long time and consistently. For this reason, there is a need for legal instruments that must be enforced strictly and with wisdom.

Sclerosing lipogranuloma is a chronic granulomatous reaction in response to the injection of non-medical substances such as paraffin, silicone, or mineral oil into the skin. This report describes one case of a large defect on the penis following sclerosing lipogranuloma excision surgery that was successfully closed by a double reverse V- Y-plasty reconstruction. The surgery aimed to remove all affected tissue as soon as possible, preventing the persistent granulomatous process that leads to necrosis and severe penile deformity. The double reverse V- Y-plasty is a simple, single-stage procedure useful to reconstruct of a large defect on the penis.

I Made Adi Parmana,1 Cindy Elfira Boom,1 Lisnawati Rachmadi,2 Dudy Arman Hanafy,3 Yunita Widyastuti,4 Muchtaruddin Mansyur,5 Bambang Budi Siswanto6 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 5Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: I Made Adi Parmana, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, LetJen S. Parman St No. Kav. 87, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email adiparmana13@gmail.comPurpose: On-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) causes myocardial ischemia, through the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping (AoX). Glutamine supplementation protects cardiac cells during cardiac ischemia. This study analysed the correlation between cardiac index (CI), plasma troponin I, myocardial histopathology, CPB and AoX duration in low ejection fraction patients receiving glutamine and no glutamine undergoing elective on-pump CABG.Material and Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial of 60 patients, split into control and intervention (glutamine) groups. Glutamine was administered at a dose of 0.5 g/kg/24 hours. There were 29 patients in each respective groups after a total of two patients dropped out.Results: A negative correlation (p = 0.037) was observed between CPB duration and CI at 6 hours after CPB in the glutamine group. A positive correlation (p = 0.002) was also observed between AoX duration and plasma troponin I at 6 hours after CPB in the control group. However, no correlation was observed between myocardial histopathology and plasma troponin I level at 5 minutes after CPB.Conclusion: Significant negative correlation between CPB duration and CI at 6 hours after CPB in the glutamine group, along with significant positive correlation between AoX duration and plasma troponin I level at 6 hours after CPB in the control group demonstrated the myocardial protection qualities of intravenous glutamine administration in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing elective on-pump CABG surgeries.Keywords: glutamine, myocardial protection, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiopulmonary bypass, low ejection fraction, myocardial injury

Koi fish is one of the most sought-after and cultivated ornamental fish because it is an expensive group of ornamental fish that is excellent in the international market. The larval period is the most critical phase in fish farming because in this phase the body's resistance is still not good and it is still vulnerable to changes in environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the response of different types of feed on the survival rate and growth of koi fish larvae. This research was conducted using the experimental method and completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The feed used is Daphnia sp., Tubifex sp. and commercial feed. The research parameters included survival rate, relative weight growth, relative length growth, mouth opening size and water quality. The results showed that the response of different types of feed had a significant effect on survival, relative weight growth and relative length growth. The best results were obtained for treatment A (feed daphnia sp., tubifex sp. and commercial feed) with a survival rate of 79.333%, relative weight growth with a value of 1.413.725% and relative length growth with a value of 412.282%. The water quality parameters during the study were optimal and still within reasonable limits for the maintenance of koi fish larvae.

Research using artificial neural network methods has been developed as a tool that can help human tasks, one of which is for passion fruit UMKM entrepreneurs. The problem so far that has been faced by UMKM entrepreneurs of passion fruit is that it is difficult to identify ripe passion fruit with sweet and sour taste, because there are 6 colors of passion fruit and the color of passion fruit skin is visually slightly different, as well as the texture of maturity. The main purpose of this study was to identify the color structure and texture of the ripeness of passion fruit, in order to recognize the color and texture of the ripeness of passion fruit which is good for processing into syrup, jam, jelly, juice, passion fruit juice powder by entrepreneurs of UMKM of passion fruit. This study empirically tested the color and texture of the ripeness of 10 passion fruit using the perceptron artificial neural network learning method. The data is obtained from an image that will be entered into the program. The results of the identification process using the perceptron artificial neural network from the tests that have been carried out previously, the highest calculation results obtained with the best results using a learning rate of 0.8 and 500 epoch iterations and producing an accuracy of 80%.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak permainan tradisional terhadap keterampilan motorik pada siswa sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu literatur review menggunakan 3 database yang terdiri dari Google Scholar, Eric, dan Sage Journal, pada tahap pengumpulan artikel, peneliti menyertakan kritetia inklusi dengan jenis artikel berupa research article, artikel yang telah terindeks scopus (Q1-Q4) dan sinta (S1-S4), terbitan artikel selama 5 tahun terakhir, dan sampel penelitian berupa sekolah dasar atau usia 6-12 tahun. Hasil analisis artikel yang telah dilakukan terdapat 16 artikel membahas tentang pengaruh permainan tradisional terhadap keterampilan motorik siswa sekolah dasar. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu permainan tradisional memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap perkembangan keterampilan motorik kasar dan keterampilan motorik halus siswa sekolah dasar. Panduan permainan tradisonal dikembangkan untuk pembelajaran motorik yang disesuaikan dengan standar tingkat pencapaian perkembangan siswa. Permainan tradisional merupakan salah satu jenis permainan yang dapat memberikan manfaat untuk perkembangan pertumbuhan siswa. Permainan tradisional mempunyai dampak yang erat dengan perkembangan intelektual, sosial, serta karakter siswa.

There have been several cases that reflect the moral and character decline of Indonesian students. Based on some previous studies that have been carried out, ethnoscience and STEM-based worksheet can improve scientific literacy skills and grow students’ character. The aims of this research are to test the feasibility of RE-STEM-based (Religious, Ethnosains-Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) science worksheet to improve students' scientific literacy and character, and to find out the students' responses to science worksheet based on RE-STEM as an effort to improve students’ scientific literacy and character. This research applies the development research method with the ADDIE model. The sources of data in this study are the results of expert validations and student response questionnaires, while the research subjects are the experts and students. Data collection techniques and instruments in this study used the expert validation sheets and student response questionnaire sheets. The data analysis technique consists of two things namely the worksheet feasibility test using the V'Aikens value, and the student response test using the Likert scale of student responses which is then converted to a score interpretation table of five criteria. The results showed that the validity of the developed worksheet was categorized as valid with an average V'Aikens value of 0.86, so that the product developed was feasible to use, while the students’ response after using such the developed worksheet is very good with a percentage of 86.17 percent. Thus, the developed RE-STEM worksheet has accomplished the validity requirements and received a good response from students, so that it can be implemented in the learning process.

Religious moderation is a discourse echoed by the Indonesian government recently in the context of an effort to stem the thoughts of radicalism, terrorism and anarchism that can destroy the integrity of the Indonesian State. Al-Azhar Egypt is one of the leading and oldest religious institutions trying to bridge the multidimensional conflict tensions triggered by religious issues with its washatiyyah concept. This article attempts to explore the role of al-Azhar West Java (PAAM) alumni in spreading the dialogue of moderation of religion in West Java and the association of this organization with Al-Azhar Egypt. The author is actively involved in conducting observations and interactive interviews with figures and alumni of al-Azhar, West Java, through the ethnographic approach. Results of the discussion show that efforts to strengthen the washatiyyah azhari concept in the West Java region are carried out by supporting work programs in several fields, namely Education, Da'wah, Research and Development, Social, Community Relations, Information Technology.

Effluent from palm oil mills is one of the main sources of pollution that seriously affects the physicochemical parameters in water bodies. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a potential hazard to the general environment. Regularly monitoring effluent is important to ensure industry compliance with effluent quality limits based on national and international regulations to safeguard human life, aquatic organisms, and other living organisms. This research focused on analyzing the physicochemical parameters of wastewater palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) from palm oil mills in Rokan Hulu, Riau. The assessed physicochemical parameters included pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen, oil and fat, turbidity, and odor. The results indicated significant differences in characteristics in some of the observed parameters. Our findings were: pH (6.03−8.42); BOD (36.7−2,136.0 mg/L); COD (26.33−4,753.00 mg/L); TSS (30-5,438 mg/L); total nitrogen (361-830 mg/L); oil and fat (4−23 mg/L). The physicochemical characteristics of the effluent in the last treatment pond before being discharged through the liquid waste sewage have met the wastewater standards of the palm oil industry.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising technology that converts organic waste into electrical energy through bacterial activity. The process involves capturing a low voltage of approximately 0.4 V generated by the MFC using a small capacitor, which is then stored and transferred to a larger capacitor to increase the capacity. In order for this energy to be used for general AC-powered devices, an inverter is essential to convert the DC output to AC. This system, consisting of a series of capacitors and inverters, along with voltage dampers and rectifiers, forms a circuit that can potentially function as an efficient low-power generator. The effectiveness of this arrangement remains to be tested, which will determine its viability as a renewable energy storage solution.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, metabolic changes, cognitive impairment, and misfolding of tau protein and amyloid beta peptide (Aß). Several genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been discovered recently through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the relationship between many loci and the likelihood of the occurrence of AD remains unexplained. In this study, we sought to identify variants of this pathogen on different continents using genome-based methodologies and bioinformatics. We found that the variant rs138799625, rs7412, rs61762319, and rs75932628 most likely to damage Alzheimer’s. In addition, these four variants appear to affect the expression of the atp8b4, APOE, MME and TREM2 genes in whole blood tissue. Our findings suggest that these genomic variants require further research for validation in functional studies and clinical trials in Alzheimer’s patients. We conclude that the integration of genome-based databases and bioinformatics can improve our understanding of disease susceptibility, including Alzheimer’s.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the disorders that occur in the upper extremities caused by a narrowing in the carpal tunnel so that there is pressure on the median nerve located in the wrist. In this study, pathogenic variants associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) were prioritized using bioinformatics and genetic data in populations. The study used GWAS data to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms to look for genomic variants associated with CTS. The data obtained is then continued using HaploReg and GTEx portal for analysis with ensembles. Furthermore, the results of the GTEx portal identified genetic variants with gene expression throughout human tissue. The results obtained obtained two gene variants, namely rs61749613 encoded by VCAN and rs62621197 encoded by ADAMTS10. Of the two variants, the gene as a whole can be expressed in the aortic tissue. The allele frequency distribution of the two gene variants obtained different results from each continent.

Hiking tourism activities create habitats that support the introduction of non-native (alien) plant species and encourage their further spread in mountainous areas. Consequently, this will change the species composition of mountain plant communities. This research aims to investigate the richness of plant species and examine alien plant species that have the potential to be invasive on one of the mountains that is popular as a tourist destination, namely Mount Prau, Indonesia. Plant data collection was carried out using exploration methods according to hiking routes. PAST statistical software was used to carry out cluster analysis based on the composition of the plant community species and the composition of invasive alien species. The results of exploration on several hiking routes on Mount Prau found 192 species of plants. A total of 22 species are known to be invasive alien plants dominated by the Asteraceae family. Traditional hiking routes have a higher species richness value than commercial hiking routes for nature tourism. The research results also strengthen predictions that hiking routes for tourism activities have potentially increased the presence of invasive alien species of plants in mountainous areas.

The pandemic caused a negative growth effect on the Indonesian economy in 2020 at 2.07 percent. Another effect is seen in the lifestyle shifted in society towards digitalization, which is increasingly evident over time. SMEs as one of the foundations of the Indonesian economy with 60.5% contribution to GDP in 2022 need to make adjustments to changes. The shift towards digital in business makes SMEs need to respond quickly to be able to meet customer needs. Changes in the SMEs environment makes leaders having to ensure that the SMEs they lead develop in the right direction. This study aims to determine the effect of digital transformation on food and beverage SMEs by considering the variables of leadership, organizational agility, and its effect on SMEs performance. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method. The study results found that leadership and organizational agility have a positive relationship with digital transformation in SMEs. This research also found that digital transformation has a positive relationship with the performance of SMEs.

The stability of the speed and pressure of the water flow is determined by the height and volume of the water. The speed of water flow in the actuator is determined by the use of this flow sensor system. A good tank-based water flow control model must be developed. At a certain point, the actuator stabilizes the water production rate per minute. Therefore, it is necessary to develop automatic and precise control techniques. Many Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are used in system optimization. Among them are the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this research, conventional methods, Auto tuning methods, and PSO methods are used. The PSO method produces better optimization compared to the previous method. The water flow stability indicator in this simulation is shown by the size of the overshot and undershot values for each method. The best water level control simulation results are the PSO method with the smallest overshot value of 0.0333 pu, the smallest undershot value of 0.0347 pu, and the output flow results have the smallest overshot value of 0.0013 pu, the smallest undershot value of 0.0011 pu.

The profound journey of Islam's expansion in South Sulawesi during the 15th century resulted in a gradual uptake of Islam within the Toraja region. This delayed acceptance, compared to other areas in South Sulawesi, is frequently attributed to the use of force during Islam's expansion. This perception highlights the challenge of promoting tolerance between the Muslim minority and Christian majority in the region. To understand the complexities of this phenomenon, this study seeks to explore factors beyond violence that contributed to the slow pace of Islamization. Employing a qualitative approach based in anthropology, the research delves into historical and cultural contexts. It finds that forceful Islamization efforts by figures like the Bone Kingdom, Kahar Muzakkar, and Andi Sose, actually hampered the spread of Islam due to the negative cultural impacts they created. Instead, it was the migration of Muslims to Toraja for trade that played a key role in introducing Islam to the region. Intermarriages further altered the dynamics, shifting Islamization from a conversion-focused approach to one based on family connections. This had consequences for how Islamic communities developed, depending on the choices of second-generation Muslims. The slow pace of Islamization also influenced various aspects of social and religious life, leading the Toraja people to develop nuanced responses. They managed change by emphasizing positive aspects of Islam while minimizing negative ones, aiming to maintain peace within their religiously diverse society. Thus, the Toraja actively engaged in managing the evolving religious landscape, adapting their practices to maintain communal harmony.

This study focused on applying spiritual leadership behavior, religious culture, and local wisdom preserved and its implications on students' character at MTs Sunan Kalijaga Pamekasan Madura. It used a qualitative approach based on phenomenology type. This study found that spiritual leadership behavior in preserving religious culture and local wisdom is reflected by making divine and prophetic values as the foundation of his leadership vision, the spiritual commitment shown in thought, speech, and action, dedicating his efforts as worship. Religious culture leads to individual and social piety through the habituation of reading the Qur'an, praying together, and sympathizing with orphans and poor people. Preserved local wisdom is closely related to Islamic traditions in Madura, such as tatele', Ashura' celebrations, istighatsah, and the Islamic culture of hadrah banjari. This preservation impacts the affective dimension and the growth of student behavior by vertically and horizontally religious values. The spiritual commitment becomes dedication values as a form of worship and empowering personnel by jihad and good service.

Currently, artificial neural networks are being developed as a tool that can help human tasks. The main purpose of this study is to identify the structure of an eggplant, in order to distinguish the type of eggplant. This study empirically tested the shape and color of several eggplants using the back propagation neural network learning method. The data is obtained from an image that will be entered into the program. The data used in the identification process are two photos containing two types of eggplant, the first eggplant is green and round and the next eggplant is purple and oval. The results of the identification process using this back propagation from the tests that have been carried out previously, the highest calculation results obtained with the best results using a learning rate of 0.7 and epoch iterations of 500 and producing an accuracy of 73.33%.

Chitosan is a derivative compound from chitin that has potential use as biopesticide and biostimulant. This research aimed to analiyze the effect of chitosan’s soluble liquid (SL) on the disease incident and rice yield. This research was conducted in two locations: Nglawak Village, Nganjuk District, East Java, and Harjasari Village, Tegal District, Central Java, in dry season of 2020. Chitosan SL application was carried out by foliar spray on rice plants at 2, 6, and 9 weeks after planting with the treatment of Chitosan SL 25 ml L-1 (P1), Chitosan SL 25 ml L-1+ synthetic pesticides (P2), and synthetic pesticides application as control (P0). Each treatment was replicated nine times in each location. The vegetative parameters observed consist of leaf color, number of tillers, and plant height, while the number of productive tillers was observed during the harvesting period. The observed disease incidence was bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, and blast. The result showed that the application of Chitosan SL significantly affected disease suppression of sheath blight and rice yield compared to control, and there was no different effect between P1 and P2. The application of Chitosan SL suppressed sheath blight disease by 45% and increased rice yields by 25%.