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Optical properties of single-subwavelength ZnO nanowires are highly improved by the Al2O3 layer/rough Ag film plasmonic structure as a substrate, owing to the exciton–surface plasmon (SP) interacti...

Lithium ion capacitors (LICs) are deemed to be an ideal complement between lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. However, the sluggish kinetics that leads to a poor rate capability of Faradaic insertion anodes remains a handicap. Herein, a self-supported architecture is designed by combining an interconnected graphene scroll (GS) framework with in situ formed well-distributed MnO nanoparticles (NPs) for an advanced LIC anode. In this architecture, the inner-connected tubular GS framework plays a multifunctional role: serving as an electron transport bridge like “highways”, providing a favorable ion transport pathway as well as accommodating the volume expansion and maintaining the structural stability of MnO. Benefiting from the stable structure, highly localized charge-transfer and low energy diffusion barrier, the as-built anode exhibits an ultrahigh-rate behavior (203 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and robust cycling stability (759 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1). When evaluated as a self-supported anode for LIC, the LIC delivers a high energy density of 179.3 Wh kg−1, a high power density of 11.7 kW kg−1, and a capacity retention of 80.8% after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the corresponding soft-packaged LIC keeps stable electrochemical performances at various bending states. All these features manifest the potential of the architecture for application in advanced energy storage devices.

We report an innovative method for the fast preparation of wafer-scale uniform single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) films with controllable density by NaHCO3 tuning the interaction between amine-functionalized substrates and surfactant-dispersing SWCNTs in aqueous solution. With this technique, a 4-inch SWCNT film with a linear density of ∼30 tubes/μm can be achieved in 1 s, and over 60 tubes/μm within 30 s using a high-concentration SWCNT solution. The SWCNT density changes by less than 8% over a 4-inch area. The electrical uniformity of the as-prepared wafer-scale single-chirality SWCNT film was demonstrated to be within 10.8% for subthreshold swing and 12% for carrier mobility and 13.5% for their on-current, which is the most uniform SWCNT films reported so far fabricated from the surfactant-dispersed SWCNT solution. Further, the photodetectors made by the uniform semiconducting SWCNT films exhibit excellent cascading ability, which linearly amplify the output photovoltages and could produce a photovoltage responsivity of 2.5 × 106 V/W. When three-stage cascading photodetectors are used as optical gate to establish an integrated photoelectric system, a 20-mW/cm2 light illumination produces the current responsivity of 147.3 A/W under a source/drain voltage of −0.1 V. Our present technique lays an important foundation for their applications in integrated circuits.

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are emerging as high-performance and promising electrode materials for use in asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). Herein, we demonstrate that cobalt phosphide (CoP...

We quantitatively analyze the effect of reabsorption on the Raman spectroscopy of (10, 3) and (8, 3) single-chirality single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solutions by varying the detection depth in confocal micro-Raman measurements and SWCNT concentration the in sample solution. The increase of the detection depth and concentration of SWCNTs enhances the reabsorption effect and decreases the intensities of the Raman features. More importantly, reabsorption exhibits different effects on different Raman features such as the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G+ band, strongly depending on the resonance degree of the scattered light energy and the interband transition of SWCNTs. When (10, 3) SWCNTs are excited with a 633 nm laser, the scattered light from RBM has stronger resonance with the interband transition of the SWCNTs than that from the G+ band, leading to a faster reduction in the RBM intensity and a lower intensity ratio of RBM to the G+ band. In contrast, when (8, 3) SWCNTs are excited with a 633 nm laser, reabsorption has the same effect on the RBM and G+ band intensities and thus maintains a constant intensity ratio of RBM to the G+ band. Furthermore, we precisely establish a quantitative relationship of the intensities of the Raman features such as RBM, the G+ band and their intensity ratio as a function of the focal depth and SWCNT concentration by theoretical calculations and numerical simulation, which reproduces the experimental results well. These results are very useful in the precise analysis of the Raman spectroscopy of SWCNTs and thus their applications in molecular detection and imaging.

Mass production of high-purity semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) is critical for their application in the electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here we reported a method for h...

Submilligram-scale separation of near-zigzag single-chirality carbon nanotubes has been achieved by gel chromatography., Mass production of zigzag and near-zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), whether by growth or separation, remains a challenge, which hinders the disclosure of their previously unknown property and practical applications. Here, we report a method to separate SWCNTs by chiral angle through temperature control of a binary surfactant system of sodium cholate (SC) and SDS in gel chromatography. Eleven types of single-chirality SWCNT species with chiral angle less than 20° were efficiently separated including multiple zigzag and near-zigzag species. Among them, (7, 3), (8, 3), (8, 4), (9, 1), (9, 2), (10, 2), and (11, 1), were produced on the submilligram scale. The spectral detection results indicate that lowering the temperature induced selective adsorption and reorganization of the SC/SDS cosurfactants on SWCNTs with different chiral angles, amplifying their interaction difference with gel. We believe that this work is an important step toward industrial separation of single-chirality zigzag and near-zigzag SWCNTs.

We quantitatively analyze the effect of reabsorption on the Raman spectroscopy of (10, 3) and (8, 3) single-chirality single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solutions by varying the detection depth in confocal micro-Raman measurements and SWCNT concentration the in sample solution. The increase of the detection depth and concentration of SWCNTs enhances the reabsorption effect and decreases the intensities of the Raman features. More importantly, reabsorption exhibits different effects on different Raman features such as the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G+ band, strongly depending on the resonance degree of the scattered light energy and the interband transition of SWCNTs. When (10, 3) SWCNTs are excited with a 633 nm laser, the scattered light from RBM has stronger resonance with the interband transition of the SWCNTs than that from the G+ band, leading to a faster reduction in the RBM intensity and a lower intensity ratio of RBM to the G+ band. In contrast, when (8, 3) SWCNTs are excited with a 633 nm laser, reabsorption has the same effect on the RBM and G+ band intensities and thus maintains a constant intensity ratio of RBM to the G+ band. Furthermore, we precisely establish a quantitative relationship of the intensities of the Raman features such as RBM, the G+ band and their intensity ratio as a function of the focal depth and SWCNT concentration by theoretical calculations and numerical simulation, which reproduces the experimental results well. These results are very useful in the precise analysis of the Raman spectroscopy of SWCNTs and thus their applications in molecular detection and imaging.

Continuous uniform, The direct growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with narrow chiral distribution remains elusive despite substantial benefits in properties and applications. Nanoparticle catalysts are vital for SWCNT and more generally nanomaterial synthesis, but understanding their effect is limited. Solid catalysts show promise in achieving chirality-controlled growth, but poor size control and synthesis efficiency hampers advancement. Here, we demonstrate the first synthesis of refractory metal nanoparticles (W, Mo, and Re) with near-monodisperse sizes. High concentrations (N = 105 to 107 cm−3) of nanoparticles (diameter 1 to 5 nm) are produced and reduced in a single process, enabling SWCNT synthesis with controlled chiral angles of 19° ± 5°, demonstrating abundance >93%. These results confirm the interface thermodynamics and kinetic growth theory mechanism, which has been extended here to include temporal dependence of fast-growing chiralities. The solid catalysts are further shown effective via floating catalyst growth, offering efficient production possibilities.

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are promising materials as flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs). Here, inspired by the extrusion blown plastic film technique and the SWCNT synthesis approach by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD), a novel blown aerosol chemical vapor deposition (BACVD) method is reported to directly and continuously produce freestanding SWCNT TCFs at several hundred meters per hour. The synthesis mechanism, involving blowing a stable aerosol bubble and transforming the bubble into an aerogel, is investigated, and a general phase diagram is established for this method. For the SWCNT TCFs via BACVD, both carbon conversion efficiency and SWCNT TCF yield can reach three orders of magnitude higher than those with the conventional FCCVD. The film displays a sheet resistance of 40 ohm sq-1 at 90% transmittance after being doped, representing the record performance based on large-scale SWCNT films. Transparent, flexible, and stretchable electrodes based on BACVD films are demonstrated. Moreover, this high-throughput method of producing SWCNT TCFs can be compatible with the roll-to-roll process for mass production of flexible displays, touch screens, solar cells, and solid-state lighting, and is expected to have a broad and long-term impact on many fields from consumer electronics to energy conversion and generation.

Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered alternative stationary storage systems for large-scale applications due to their high safety, low cost, and high power density. However, Zn anode issues including dendrite formation and side reactions greatly hinder the practical application of AZIBs. To solve the Zn anode issues, various strategies based on material designs have been developed. It is necessary to analyze and classify these strategies according to different materials, because different properties of materials determine the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we briefly introduce the fundamental issues in Zn anodes. Furthermore, this review highlights the material designs for the protection of Zn anodes in mild AZIBs. Finally, we also offer insight into potential directions in the material designs to promote the development of AZIBs in the future.

Wide applications of compression-resistant electronics have promoted the demands for energy storage devices with high compressive strength. Herein, we fabricated highly dense graphene architectures (DGAs) embedded with solid electrolyte by evaporation-induced shrinkage of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogels filled with phosphoric acid/polyvinyl alcohol (H3PO4/PVA) electrolyte solution. In such DGAs, rGO sheets remain a stacked structure and solid electrolyte is uniformly distributed throughout the DGAs, forming a good contact between rGO sheets and solid electrolyte by hydrogen bonding interactions. The DGAs exhibit a high weight density of 1.5 g cm−3, excellent modulus of 234 MPa and high conductivity of 13.5 S m−1. Furthermore, the all-solid-state supercapacitors based on DGAs achieved a superior volumetric capacitance of about 155 F cm−3 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. More importantly, the all-solid-state supercapacitors based on DGAs retain stable electrochemical properties under different compressive stresses.

In-plane micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) possess higher volumetric energy density and are thus more compact compared with traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs). As a result, developing in-plane MSCs with AC line filtering function is desired to replace the AECs and integrate with other electronic devices. Here, highly stretchable integrated system for in-plane MSCs with AC line filtering and UV detector were fabricated by designing buckled micro-electrodes based on SWCNT film and TiO2 NPs. Although gel electrolyte was used in these MSCs, they still show an ultrafast frequency response with a phase angle of -75.2° because of their unique structure. Such MSCs thus can function as the AC line filtering devices. Furthermore, their AC line filtering behavior remains almost unchanged even stretched up to 200%. Further coating TiO2 NPs on the buckled SWCNT micro-electrodes is able to endow the MSCs with another ability of UV photodetection with the sensitivity of 6.2. Importantly, such integrated device can still show stable photocurrent response and capacitance behaviors at different stretching times and even repeated stretching 100 times. The rational design of such stretchable integrated system for MSCs with AC line filtering and UV photodetector will pave the way for the applications in assembling supercapacitors and other electronics into highly stretchable integrated devices.

As possible alternatives to traditional thermoelectric (TE) materials, carbon nanomaterials and their hybrid materials have great potential in the future application of flexible and lightweight temperature detection. In this work, an integrated, highly flexible, and tailorable TE temperature detector with high performance has been fabricated based on a continuous single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) fiber. The detector consists of more than one pairs of thermocouples composed of p-type SWCNT fiber and n-type SWCNT hybrid fiber in situ doped by polyethylenimine. Due to the node contact mechanism of the detection, the sensitivity of the detector can be improved with the increase of the number of p-n thermocouples, independent of the length of the thermocouple. The temperature detection process of the detector has been studied in detail. In particular, the integrated and flexible detector can be divided into several sub-detectors easily by cutting, illustrating the prospect of large-scale preparation of this kind of novel temperature detectors. Its high flexibility ensures the detector to maintain excellent detection performance after 15 000 bending circles. Furthermore, the as-designed TE type temperature detector demonstrates a great application promise for real-time temperature detection and temperature change sensing even in complex surface and harsh environment.

In this work, we put forward an effective approach by combining both highly transparent and conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) network and poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film to co-form-coordinate heterojunctions with silicon, and have developed a hybrid PEDOT:PSS-CNT/n-Si solar cell. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the as-designed solar cell can be improved up to 10.2%, which is much higher than the PCE values of both PEDOT:PSS/n-Si (5.5%) and CNT/n-Si (6.1%) solar cells fabricated using the same materials and process. PEDOT:PSS can fill the hundreds nanometer scale pores of the CNT network, both CNT network and PEDOT:PSS patches contact with the silicon concomitantly and form p Synergy -n heterojunctions through seamless contact with n-Si. The PEDOT:PSS-CNT composite film exhibits a much lower sheet resistance and remains high optical transmittance. Once the photo-generated holes are extracted to the PEDOT:PSS-CNT composite film, CNT network can serve as a carrier transport bridge, which is different from the design that inserts an ultrathin polymer between the CNT and Si. Incorporation of the continuous CNT network with PEDOT:PSS jointly in the as-designed simple and explicit structure has generated synergistic effects, which can make full use of the respective merits and then considerably enhance the PCE of hybrid PEDOT:PSS-CNT/n-Si solar cells.

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are promising materials for transparent conductive films (TCFs) with potential applications in flexible displays, touch screens, solar cells and solid-state lighting1,2. However, further reductions in resistivity and in cost of SWCNT films are necessary for high quality TCF products3. Here, we report an improved floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method to directly and continuously produce ultrathin and freestanding SWCNT films at the hundred meter-scale. Both carbon conversion efficiency and SWCNT TCF yield are increased by three orders of magnitude relative to the conventional floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. After doping, the film manifests a sheet resistance of 40 ohm/sq. at 90% transmittance, representing record performance for large-scale SWCNT films. Our work provides a new avenue to accelerate the industrialization of SWCNT films as TCFs.

Constrained by the large mode loss, it is a challenge to achieve low threshold lasing in a thin nanowire whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) cavity at room temperature (RT). Here, we demonstrate low threshold single-mode polariton lasing at RT in a thin ZnO nanowire (165 nm in diameter) on Al2O3 layer/rough Ag film. Such a structure can compensate the whispering-gallery mode loss and enhance the WGM polariton emission in UV region for subwavelength ZnO nanowires. They are attributed to the strong local electromagnetic field near nanowire induced by Ag film. The polariton lasing is confirmed by the low threshold, narrowing of the linewidth at threshold, nonlinear intensity-power dependence and continous blueshift of the emission. A clear transition from strong coupling regime to weak coupling regime is observed with increasing pump power. This work suggests low-cost and high-performance room-temperature nanolasers or polariton devices achieved in single thin ZnO nanowires.

Recent development in epidermal and bionic electronics systems has promoted the increasing demand for supercapcacitors with micrometer-thickness and good compatibility. Here, a highly flexible free-standing epidermal supercapacitor (SC-E) with merely 1 μm thickness and high performance is developed. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hybrid films with unique inner-connected reticulation are adopted as electrodes for ultrathin structure and high electric conductivity. Then, based on two substrates with different surface energies, a stepwise lift-off method is presented to peel off the ultrathin integrated supercapacitor from the substrates nondestructively. As a result of the high conductive hybrid electrodes and the thin electrolyte layer, the as-designed supercapacitors (based on the total mass of two electrodes) achieve a good capacitance of 56 F g−1 and a superhigh power density of 332 kW kg−1, which manifest superior performance in contrast to the other devices fabricated by traditional electrodes. Meanwhile, the ultrashort response time of 11.5 ms enables the epidermal supercapacitor (SC-E) work for high-power units. More importantly, the free-standing structure and outstanding flexibility (105 times bending) endow the SC-E with excellent compatibility to be integrated and work in the next generation of smart and epidermal systems.

The flexible zinc ion battery (ZIB) is deemed to be a promising candidate for flexible power supply due to its high security and low cost. However, conventional segregated battery configuration inevitably suffers from the relative displacement or detachment between two neighboring components at bending strain, which seriously degrade the performance of a flexible battery. Moreover, stubborn Zn dendrite drastically shortens the cycle life. Herein, by integrating Zn anode, zinc protective coating, polyamide separator and cathode into a single matrix, referred as the integrated electrode, a long cycle life and robust flexibility for ZIB in aqueous electrolyte are achieved. Seamless connection with the adjacent layers not only avoids the relative displacement or detachment caused by bending strain, but enhances the interfacial contact to promote the electrochemical kinetics. The built-in protective coating in the integrated configuration significantly inhibits the dendrites and side reactions for extending the durability. Furthermore, the integrated configuration makes the whole battery lighter, thinner and more powerful. Therefore, this work provides a new design idea for engineering innovative battery configuration and enables high performances for a flexible ZIB. Meanwhile, the research results would deliver great potential applications in flexible electronics and boost the development of configuration of energy storage devices.

An all-carbon pressure sensor is designed and fabricated based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials. By sandwiching one layer of superelastic rGO aerogel between two freestanding high-conductive rGO thin papers, the sensor works based on the contact resistance at the aerogel-paper interfaces, getting rid of the alien materials such as polymers and metals adopted in traditional sensors. Without the limitation of alien materials, the all-carbon sensors demonstrate an ultrawide detecting range (0.72 Pa-130 kPa), low energy consumption (≈0.58 µW), ultrahigh sensitivity (349-253 kPa-1 ) at low-pressure regime (

Based on polyaniline-single-walled carbon nanotubes -sponge electrodes, highly compressible all-solid-state supercapacitors are prepared with an integrated configuration using a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/H2 SO4 gel as the electrolyte. The unique configuration enables the resultant supercapacitors to be compressed as an integrated unit arbitrarily during 60% compressible strain. Furthermore, the performance of the resultant supercapacitors is nearly unchanged even under 60% compressible strain.

In order to meet the growing need for smart bionic devices and epidermal electronic systems, biaxial stretchability is essential for energy storage units. Based on porous single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (SWCNT/PEDOT) hybrid fiber, we designed and fabricated a biaxially stretchable supercapacitor, which possesses a unique configuration of the parallel buckled hybrid fiber array. Owing to the reticulate SWCNT film and the improved fabrication technique, the hybrid fiber retained its porous architecture both outwardly and inwardly, manifesting a superior capacity of 215 F g(-1). H3PO4-polyvinyl alcohol gel with an optimized component ratio was introduced as both binder and stretchable electrolyte, which contributed to the regularity and stability of the buckled fiber array. The buckled structure and the quasi one-dimensional character of the fibers endow the supercapacitor with 100% stretchability along all directions. In addition, the supercapacitor exhibited good transparency, as well as excellent electrochemical properties and stability after being stretched 5000 times.

It is a great challenge to substantially improve the practical performance of flexible thermoelectric modules due to the absence of air-stable n-type thermoelectric materials with high-power factor. Here an excellent flexible n-type thermoelectric film is developed, which can be conveniently and rapidly prepared based on the as-grown carbon nanotube continuous networks with high conductivity. The optimum n-type film exhibits ultrahigh power factor of ∼1,500 μW m−1 K−2 and outstanding stability in air without encapsulation. Inspired by the findings, we design and successfully fabricate the compact-configuration flexible TE modules, which own great advantages compared with the conventional π-type configuration modules and well integrate the superior thermoelectric properties of p-type and n-type carbon nanotube films resulting in a markedly high performance. Moreover, the research results are highly scalable and also open opportunities for the large-scale production of flexible thermoelectric modules., Thermoelectric modules can generate electricity directly from heat and have applications to waste heat-energy conversion. Here Zhou et al. have fabricated a thermoelectric module based on an air-stable n-type single-walled carbon nanotube sheet which can reach a high power factor of 1500 μWm−1K−2.

Carbon nanotube thin film transistors (CNT-TFTs) have been regarded as strong competitors to currently commercialized TFT technologies. Though much progress has been achieved recently, CNT-TFT research is still in the stage of laboratory research. One critical challenge for commercializing CNT-TFT technology is that the commonly used device fabrication method is a lift-off based process, which is not suitable for mass production. In this paper, we report an etching based fabrication process for CNT-TFTs, which is fully manufacturing compatible. In our process, the CNT thin film channel was patterned by dry etching, while wet etching was used for patterning the layers of metal and insulator. The CNT-TFTs were successfully fabricated on a 4 inch wafer in both top-gate and buried-gate geometries with low Schottky barrier contact and pretty uniform performance. High output current (>1.2 μA μm−1), high on/off current ratio (>105) and high mobility (>30 cm2 V−1 s−1) were obtained. Though the fabrication process still needs to be optimized, we believe our research on the etching fabrication process pushes CNT-TFT technology a step forward towards real applications in the near future.

For their spintronic applications the magnetic and optical properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) have been studied widely. However, the exact relationships between the magnetic interactions and optical emission behaviors in DMS are not well understood yet due to their complicated microstructural and compositional characters from different growth and preparation techniques. Manganese (Mn) doped ZnSe nanoribbons with high quality were obtained by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Successful Mn ion doping in a single ZnSe nanoribbon was identified by elemental energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping and micro-photoluminescence (PL) mapping of intrinsic d-d optical transition at 580 nm, i.e. the transition of 4 T 1(4 G) → 6 A 1(6 s),. Besides the d-d transition PL peak at 580 nm, two other PL peaks related to Mn ion aggregates in the ZnSe lattice were detected at 664 nm and 530 nm, which were assigned to the d-d transitions from the Mn2+-Mn2+ pairs with ferromagnetic (FM) coupling and antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling, respectively. Moreover, AFM pair formation goes along with strong coupling with acoustic phonon or structural defects. These arguments were supported by temperature-dependent PL spectra, power-dependent PL lifetimes, and first-principle calculations. Due to the ferromagnetic pair existence, an exciton magnetic polaron (EMP) is formed and emits at 460 nm. Defect existence favors the AFM pair, which also can account for its giant enhancement of spin-orbital coupling and the spin Hall effect observed in PRL 97, 126603(2006) and PRL 96, 196404(2006). These emission results of DMS reflect their relation to local sp-d hybridization, spin-spin magnetic coupling, exciton-spin or phonon interactions covering structural relaxations. This kind of material can be used to study the exciton-spin interaction and may find applications in spin-related photonic devices besides spintronics.

The free-standing Si-coated carbon nanofiber (Si/CNF) mat was fabricated for the anode of lithium ion battery through combining electrospun CNF mat with electrodeposited Si layer. Spaghetti or granule-like Si was obtained by varying the deposition conditions. This Si/CNF mat was directly used as an active material and a current collector as well, which involves neither binders nor additional metal substrate. The best performance was achieved in spaghetti-like Si due to its highly porous nature which can accommodate volume expansion and large surface area which benefit the efficient charge transfer both at Si/CNF interface and at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The optimized Si/CNF mat after annealing at 1000 degrees C delivered a capacity of 870 mA h g(-1) at 1st discharge and 730 mA h g(-1) at 50th discharge with a capacity retention of 84%, improving the capacity of pure CNF (280 mA h g(-1) at the 50th discharge) by almost three times. In addition, corrosion of the current collector no longer exists in our approach. Our X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis revealed that the formation of Si-C bond through high temperature annealing can enhance the adhesion between silicon and carbon at the interface which benefits the cyclic performance of anode ultimately. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In order to develop an excellent pseudocapacitor with both high specific capacitance and outstanding stretchability to match with other devices applicable in future wearable and bio-implantable systems, we focus our studies on three vital aspects: Stretchability of hybrid film electrodes, the interface between different components, and the integrated performance in stretchability and electrochemistry of supercapacitors based on single-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (SWCNT/PANI) composite films on pre-elongated elastomers. Owing to the moderate porosity, the buckled hybrid film avoids the cracking which occurs in conventional stretchable hybrid electrodes, and both a high specific capacitance of 435 F·g−1 and a high strain tolerance of 140% have been achieved. The good SWCNT/PANI interfacial coupling and the reinforced solid electrolyte penetration structure enable the integrated pseudocapacitors to have stretch-resistant interfaces between different units and maintain a high performance under a stretching of 120% elongation, even after 1,000 cyclic elongations.

We present the influence of a substrate on the properties of well-dispersed individual ZnO nanorods (NRs) with different diameters, especially on the photoluminescence (PL) properties. The studied ZnO NRs were partially supported by the quartz substrate and partially suspended in air. Continuous redshift and intensity decrease of the near band-edge emission (NBE) were observed along the suspended segment of the ZnO NRs due to the increasing temperature under UV laser excitation, suggesting that the presence of the substrate can effectively enhance the heat-sinking capability of ZnO NRs. Based on the PL measurements on individual suspended ZnO NRs with diameters from 86 nm to 2.35 μm, the redshift of NBE along the suspended segment was more obvious for ZnO NRs with a smaller diameter, indicating that the thermal conductive ability increases as diameter increases. Additionally, by combining the experimental and simulation results, we found that the presence of the substrate also quenched the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of the ZnO NRs with a diameter above about 350 nm due to the symmetry breaking induced by the quartz substrate which has a larger refractive index compared with air. Our studies confirm that the substrate significantly influences the properties of ZnO NRs. To fully utilize the potential properties of nanomaterials for applications in nanodevices, the substrate-induced effects should be considered thoughtfully.