11 results on '"Sirnes, Eivind"'
Search Results
2. Intellectual Disability in KATP Channel Neonatal Diabetes
- Author
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Svalastoga, Pernille, primary, Sulen, Åsta, additional, Fehn, Jarle R., additional, Aukland, Stein M., additional, Irgens, Henrik, additional, Sirnes, Eivind, additional, Fevang, Silje K.E., additional, Valen, Eivind, additional, Elgen, Irene B., additional, and Njølstad, Pål R., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in children with prenatal drug exposure. Structural and functional aspects of the opioid-exposed brain
- Author
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Sirnes, Eivind
- Abstract
Background: Over the last few decades brain imaging studies have made important contributions to our understanding of how prenatal drug exposure can impact normal brain development. The teratogenic potential of alcohol has been most widely studied, with growing evidence of structural and functional brain alterations in prenatally exposed children. However, the current knowledge on possible detrimental effects of drugs other than alcohol is still limited, and effects of prenatal opioids in particular, have only been explored in a few small-scale brain imaging studies. Aims: The overall aim was to investigate associations between prenatal drug exposure and later brain structure and function in children. The specific aims were to investigate gross anatomical brain changes after prenatal drug exposure and associations between prenatal opioids and morphometric and functional brain characteristics. Materials and methods: A hospital-based sample of 43 school-aged children with prenatal alcohol-, opioid- or polysubstance exposure and 43 sex- and age-matched unexposed controls underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All MRI scans were evaluated by an expert pediatric neuroradiologist blinded to the participants’ backgrounds. In children with confirmed exposure to opioids, volumetric brain characteristics were compared to controls. Brain activation patterns and performance on a working memory-selective attention task were compared between opioid-exposed and unexposed children using functional MRI (fMRI). Results: No association between prenatal drug exposure and gross structural brain changes was seen by means of expert visual analysis of cerebral MRI scans. Reduced regional brain volumes were found in prenatally opioid-exposed children compared to their matched controls. Functional imaging revealed impaired task performance and increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation in prefrontal cortical areas during the most cognitive demanding versions of the working memory-selective attention task in the opioid-exposed group as compared to unexposed controls. Conclusions: Cerebral MRI is probably of limited value in the clinical assessment of children with histories of prenatal drug exposure in a hospital setting, where polysubstance exposure and unspecified drug exposure is a common feature. Adverse effects of opioids on the developing fetal brain may explain the associations between prenatal opioids and brain alterations in children as seen by structural and functional MRI in this study. However, the sample was small and inevitably confounding factors were difficult to account for. Thus, further research is needed to explore the causal nature of these findings and to elucidate the functional consequences of the observed brain alterations in the opioid-exposed group.
- Published
- 2018
4. Intellectual Disability in KATP Channel Neonatal Diabetes.
- Author
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Svalastoga, Pernille, Sulen, Åsta, Fehn, Jarle R., Aukland, Stein M., Irgens, Henrik, Sirnes, Eivind, Fevang, Silje K. E., Valen, Eivind, Elgen, Irene B., and Njølstad, Pål R.
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL disabilities ,TYPE 1 diabetes ,COGNITION disorders ,CHILDREN with intellectual disabilities ,DEVELOPMENTAL delay ,BRAIN anatomy ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,RESEARCH ,GENETIC mutation ,NEONATAL diseases ,RESEARCH methodology ,POTASSIUM ,CASE-control method ,METHIONINE ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GENOTYPES ,PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities ,AMINO acids ,GENETIC techniques ,VALINE ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Objective: Neonatal diabetes has been shown to be associated with high neuropsychiatric morbidity in a genotype-phenotype-dependent manner. However, the specific impact of different mutations on intellectual functioning is still insufficiently characterized. Specifically, only a small number of subjects with developmental delay have been comprehensively assessed, creating a knowledge gap about patients carrying the heaviest burden.Research Design and Methods: We assessed the intellectual functioning and mental health of the complete Norwegian population with KATP channel neonatal diabetes. Eight sulfonylurea-treated children (five with the p.V59M genotype [KCNJ11]) were assessed using age-matched control subjects with type 1 diabetes. The investigations included a physical and motor developmental examination, cerebral MRI, psychometrical examination, and questionnaires assessing intellectual capabilities and psychiatric morbidity.Results: A strong genotype-phenotype correlation was found, revealing the p.V59M genotype as highly associated with substantial intellectual disability, with no significant correlation with the time of sulfonylurea initiation. Consistent with previous studies, other genotypes were associated with minor cognitive impairment. Cerebral MRI verified normal brain anatomy in all but one child.Conclusions: We here presented a comprehensive assessment of intellectual functioning in the largest cohort of p.V59M subjects to date. The level of intellectual disability revealed not only changes the interpretation of other psychological measures but downplays a strong protective effect of sulfonylurea. Within the scope of this study, we could not find evidence supporting an early treatment start to be beneficial, although a weaker effect cannot be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Functional MRI in prenatally opioid-exposed children during a working memory-selective attention task
- Author
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Sirnes, Eivind, primary, Griffiths, Silja T., additional, Aukland, Stein Magnus, additional, Eide, Geir Egil, additional, Elgen, Irene B., additional, and Gundersen, Hilde, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Brain morphology in school-aged children with prenatal opioid exposure: A structural MRI study
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Sirnes, Eivind, primary, Oltedal, Leif, additional, Bartsch, Hauke, additional, Eide, Geir Egil, additional, Elgen, Irene B., additional, and Aukland, Stein Magnus, additional
- Published
- 2017
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7. Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure
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Sirnes, Eivind, primary, Elgen, Irene B., additional, Chong, W. K., additional, Griffiths, Silja T., additional, and Aukland, Stein Magnus, additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure.
- Author
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Sirnes, Eivind, Elgen, Irene B., Chong, W. K., Griffiths, Silja T., and Aukland, Stein Magnus
- Subjects
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COMPARATIVE studies , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *CONTROL groups , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PRENATAL exposure delayed effects , *ODDS ratio - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of children with prenatal drug exposure in a clinical context. A hospital-based cohort of 10- to 14-year-old children, prenatally exposed to alcohol, opioids, and polysubstances, and a group of sex- and age-matched controls were examined with cerebral MRI. Scans obtained from 34 exposed children and 40 controls were scored based on the presence and degree of pathology by an experienced pediatric neuroradiologist blinded to the participants’ background. Overall visual detectable MRI pathology was found in 35% of the exposed children and 33% of the controls (odds ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 0.36-3.25). No specific imaging pattern following prenatal drug exposure was seen by the means of simple visual analysis of cerebral MRI scans. Although cerebral MRI is feasible, it is probably of limited value in the clinical assessment of children with prenatal drug exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates born of mothers in drug-assisted rehabilitation.
- Author
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Andenes M, Sævold E, Griffiths ST, and Sirnes E
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Methadone, Mothers, Norway epidemiology, Pregnancy, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome drug therapy, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome epidemiology, Opioid-Related Disorders drug therapy, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pregnancy Complications drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: In recent years, the use of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) during pregnancy has been a topic of much debate among clinicians. A frequent consequence of such therapy is neonatal abstinence syndrome in the newborn infant. This study aimed to investigate whether follow-up of these neonates was in line with national recommendations., Material and Method: All maternity units in Norway were asked whether they treated neonates born to mothers in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). 14 out of 42 maternity units treated these patients in collaboration with neonatal units, while 28 units referred the patients onward. Altogether 13 of the 14 treatment units answered a questionnaire on the nature of the care received by neonates., Results: None of the hospitals treated more than ten neonates at risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome each year. All neonatal units used a standardised scoring form to assess the development of abstinence. When there was a need for pharmacological treatment, morphine was the first-line choice for all the units. All of them used non-pharmacological interventions. Observation time, procedures for dose reduction of pharmacological treatment and use of supplementary medication varied considerably between the units., Interpretation: Key aspects of the management of neonates born to mothers in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) were practised in the same manner and in line with national recommendations. However, our study revealed differences between the hospitals, which overall represent a potential for improvement in the treatment of a vulnerable patient group.
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- 2021
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10. Intellectual Disability in K ATP Channel Neonatal Diabetes.
- Author
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Svalastoga P, Sulen Å, Fehn JR, Aukland SM, Irgens H, Sirnes E, Fevang SKE, Valen E, Elgen IB, and Njølstad PR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Amino Acid Substitution, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Codon, Nonsense, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 epidemiology, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Diseases genetics, Infant, Newborn, Diseases psychology, Intellectual Disability epidemiology, Male, Methionine genetics, Mutation, Missense, Norway epidemiology, Sulfonylurea Receptors genetics, Valine genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 congenital, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics, Intellectual Disability genetics, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying genetics
- Abstract
Objective: Neonatal diabetes has been shown to be associated with high neuropsychiatric morbidity in a genotype-phenotype-dependent manner. However, the specific impact of different mutations on intellectual functioning is still insufficiently characterized. Specifically, only a small number of subjects with developmental delay have been comprehensively assessed, creating a knowledge gap about patients carrying the heaviest burden., Research Design and Methods: We assessed the intellectual functioning and mental health of the complete Norwegian population with K
ATP channel neonatal diabetes. Eight sulfonylurea-treated children (five with the p.V59M genotype [ KCNJ11 ]) were assessed using age-matched control subjects with type 1 diabetes. The investigations included a physical and motor developmental examination, cerebral MRI, psychometrical examination, and questionnaires assessing intellectual capabilities and psychiatric morbidity., Results: A strong genotype-phenotype correlation was found, revealing the p.V59M genotype as highly associated with substantial intellectual disability, with no significant correlation with the time of sulfonylurea initiation. Consistent with previous studies, other genotypes were associated with minor cognitive impairment. Cerebral MRI verified normal brain anatomy in all but one child., Conclusions: We here presented a comprehensive assessment of intellectual functioning in the largest cohort of p.V59M subjects to date. The level of intellectual disability revealed not only changes the interpretation of other psychological measures but downplays a strong protective effect of sulfonylurea. Within the scope of this study, we could not find evidence supporting an early treatment start to be beneficial, although a weaker effect cannot be ruled out., (© 2020 by the American Diabetes Association.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. [Occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints in Hordaland].
- Author
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Sirnes E, Sødal E, Nurk E, and Tell GS
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Back Pain epidemiology, Back Pain prevention & control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases prevention & control, Norway epidemiology, Pain prevention & control, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Musculoskeletal Diseases epidemiology, Pain epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal complaints are widespread and a major public health problem in western countries. Prevention and treatment are challenges because the aetiologic factors are not fully understood. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of and identify possible risk factors for musculoskeletal complaints., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 11 566 men and 13 660 women aged 40-49 and 70-74 who completed a questionnaire in the Hordaland Health Study 1997-99., Results: Musculoskeletal pain and/or stiffness lasting at least three months during the past year was reported by 4461 men (39 %) and 6713 women (49 %). Prevalence among women increased with age. Musculoskeletal complaints were associated with low educational attainment and smoking among both men and women 40-49 years old, and with high body mass index and low physical activity among women. Among the 70-74-year-olds, complaints were associated with low educational attainment among men and with smoking, high body mass index and low physical activity among women. A dose-response relationship between smoking and musculoskeletal complaints was found, with a stronger effect among women than men., Interpretation: Musculoskeletal complaints were common, the prevalence higher among women than men. The results indicate that musculoskeletal complaints may be prevented or reduced by smoking cessation.
- Published
- 2003
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