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2. Contamination of planktonic food webs in the Mediterranean Sea: Setting the frame for the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE oceanographic cruise (spring 2019)

Author

Marc Tedetti, Jacek Tronczynski, François Carlotti, Marc Pagano, Sana Ben Ismail, Cherif Sammari, Malika Bel Hassen, Karine Desboeufs, Charlotte Poindron, Sandrine Chifflet, Amel Bellaaj Zouari, Moufida Abdennadher, Sirine Amri, Daniela Bănaru, Lotfi Ben Abdallah, Nagib Bhairy, Ismail Boudriga, Aude Bourin, Christophe Brach-Papa, Nicolas Briant, Léa Cabrol, Cristele Chevalier, Lassaad Chouba, Sylvain Coudray, Mohamed Nejib Daly Yahia, Thibault de Garidel-Thoron, Aurélie Dufour, Jean-Claude Dutay, Boris Espinasse, Pamela Fierro-González, Michel Fornier, Nicole Garcia, Franck Giner, Catherine Guigue, Loïc Guilloux, Asma Hamza, Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida, Stéphanie Jacquet, Joel Knoery, Rim Lajnef, Nouha Makhlouf Belkahia, Deny Malengros, Pauline L. Martinot, Anthony Bosse, Jean-Charles Mazur, Marouan Meddeb, Benjamin Misson, Olivier Pringault, Marianne Quéméneur, Olivier Radakovitch, Patrick Raimbault, Christophe Ravel, Vincent Rossi, Chaimaa Rwawi, Asma Sakka Hlaili, Javier Angel Tesán-Onrubia, Bastien Thomas, Melilotus Thyssen, Noureddine Zaaboub, Cédric Garnier, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Qatar University, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-19-CE34-0001,CONTAMPUMP,Plancton: pompe biologique de contaminants dans les écosystèmes marins (CONTAMPUMP)?(2019), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
bioaccumulation, atmospheric deposition, plankton, size fractions, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Sea, contaminants, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Pollution
Abstract

International audience; This paper looks at experiential feedback and the technical and scientific challenges tied to the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise that took place in the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2019. This cruise proposes an innovative approach to investigate the accumulation and transfer of inorganic and organic contaminants within the planktonic food webs. We present detailed information on how the cruise worked, including 1) the cruise track and sampling stations, 2) the overall strategy, based mainly on the collection of plankton, suspended particles and water at the deep chlorophyll maximum, and the separation of these particles and planktonic organisms into various size fractions, as well as the collection of atmospheric deposition, 3) the operations performed and material used at each station, and 4) the sequence of operations and main parameters analysed. The paper also provides the main environmental conditions that were prevailing during the campaign. Lastly, we present the types of articles produced based on work completed by the cruise that are part of this special issue.

Published
2023
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3. Distribution and accumulation of metals and metalloids in planktonic food webs of the Mediterranean Sea (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign)

Author

Sandrine Chifflet, Nicolas Briant, Javier Angel Tesán-Onrubia, Noureddine Zaaboub, Sirine Amri, Olivier Radakovitch, Daniela Bǎnaru, Marc Tedetti, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE project, ANR-19-CE34-0001,CONTAMPUMP,Plancton: pompe biologique de contaminants dans les écosystèmes marins (CONTAMPUMP)?(2019), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and The MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE project was initiated and funded by the cross-disciplinary 'Pollution & Contaminants' axis of the CNRS-INSU MISTRALS program (joint action of the MERMEX-MERITE and CHARMEX subprograms). The project also received the financial support from the Franco-Tunisian International Joint Laboratory (LMI) COSYS-Med.

Subjects
Metals and metalloids, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Sea, Contamination, planktonic food webs, Aquatic Science, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Oceanography, Pollution, Biomagnification
Abstract

International audience; Particle-size classes (7 fractions from 0.8 to 2000 µm) were collected in the deep chlorophyll maximum along a Mediterranean transect including the northern coastal zone (bays of Toulon and Marseilles, France), the offshore zone (near the North Balearic Thermal Front), and the southern coastal zone (Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia). Concentrations of biotic metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, V, Zn) bound to living or dead organisms and faecal pellets were assessed by phosphorus normalisation. Biotic metals and metalloids concentrations (except Cr, Mn, and V) were higher in the offshore zone than in the coastal zones. In addition, biotic Sb and V concentrations appeared to be affected by atmospheric deposition, and biotic Cr concentrations appeared to be affected by local anthropogenic inputs. Essential elements (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn) were very likely controlled both by the metabolic activity of certain organisms (nanoeukaryotes, copepods) and trophic structure. In the northern coastal zone, biomagnification of essential elements was controlled by copepods activities. In the offshore zone, metals and metalloids were not biomagnified probably due to homeostasis regulatory processes in organisms. In the southern coastal zone, biomagnification of As, Cu, Cr, Sb could probably induce specific effects within the planktonic network.

Published
2022
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5. Space-borne Bose–Einstein condensation for precision interferometry

Author

Hauke Müntinga, Jens Grosse, Wolfgang P. Schleich, Patrick Windpassinger, Klaus Sengstock, Wolfgang Ertmer, Tobias Franz, Hannes Duncker, Thijs Wendrich, Achim Peters, Vladimir Schkolnik, Dennis Becker, Anja Kohfeldt, Claus Lämmerzahl, Eric Charron, Benjamin Weps, Robin Corgier, Maik Erbe, Waldemar Herr, André Kubelka-Lange, Naceur Gaaloul, Ortwin Hellmig, Stephan Seidel, Manuel Popp, Maike D. Lachmann, Aline N. Dinkelaker, Claus Braxmaier, Reinhold Walser, Andreas Wicht, André Wenzlawski, Daniel Lüdtke, Holger Ahlers, Markus Krutzik, Ernst M. Rasel, and Sirine Amri

Subjects
Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, Laser cooling, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Bragg's law, interferometry, Bose-Einstein, Computational physics, Interferometry, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Quasiparticle, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Bose–Einstein condensate
Abstract

Space offers virtually unlimited free-fall in gravity. Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) enables ineffable low kinetic energies corresponding to pico- or even femtokelvins. The combination of both features makes atom interferometers with unprecedented sensitivity for inertial forces possible and opens a new era for quantum gas experiments. On January 23, 2017, we created Bose-Einstein condensates in space on the sounding rocket mission MAIUS-1 and conducted 110 experiments central to matter-wave interferometry. In particular, we have explored laser cooling and trapping in the presence of large accelerations as experienced during launch, and have studied the evolution, manipulation and interferometry employing Bragg scattering of BECs during the six-minute space flight. In this letter, we focus on the phase transition and the collective dynamics of BECs, whose impact is magnified by the extended free-fall time. Our experiments demonstrate a high reproducibility of the manipulation of BECs on the atom chip reflecting the exquisite control features and the robustness of our experiment. These properties are crucial to novel protocols for creating quantum matter with designed collective excitations at the lowest kinetic energy scales close to femtokelvins., 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018
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6. Spatial distribution, contamination assessment and potential ecological risk of some trace metals in the surface sediments of the Gulf of Tunis, North Tunisia

Author

Sirine Amri, Lotfi Aleya, Mohamed Amine Helali, Haïfa Ben Mna, and Walid Oueslati

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pollution, China, Geologic Sediments, Tunisia, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, Risk Assessment, 01 natural sciences, Metals, Heavy, Ecological risk, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Biota, Contamination, Mercury (element), chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Channel (geography), Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

To evaluate the trace metals contamination status in the Gulf of Tunis, forty one sediment samples were analyzed using different approaches. According to certain contamination and ecological risk indices (Contamination Factor, Geoaccumulation index and Ecological risk index), Hg has the highest contamination level while pollution by Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr was absent. The highest concentrations of trace metals were found in sediments collected from the offshore and coastal areas located opposite the main exchange points with the gulf particularly, the Mejerda and Meliane Rivers, the Khalij Channel, Ghar El Melh and El Malah lagoons, Tunis Lake and Sebkhat Ariana. However, further ecological indices (Potential ecological risk index, Toxic unit and Mean effect-range median quotient) and comparison with sediment quality guidelines suggest that in addition to Mercury, Cr, Pb and Ni concentrations are detrimental to biota in both the offshore and areas near to the exchange points with the gulf. Moreover, in these areas the results from sequential extraction and individual contamination factor calculation pointed to the mobility and bioavailability of Cr, Pb and Ni.

Published
2021
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7. Trace Metals Accumulation in Surface Sediments of the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia: Usefulness of Metal Sediment Fractionation

Author

Sirine Amri, Walid Oueslati, and Noureddine Zaaboub

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Continental shelf, Chemical speciation, Geochemistry, Sediment, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The gulf of Gabes is a special area in the Mediterranean known by its abundant marine wealth. The geological setting of the southern coast of Tunisia is characterized by an extended continental shelf.

Published
2018
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