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The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae), is a common and significant ectoparasite of the poultry industry worldwide. Although various biological, chemical, and physical methods have been attempted, an utterly successful control strategy has not been put forward yet. Our experimental investigations and observations revealed that the ant species Lasius alienus displays an effective predatory behavior on all biological stages of PRM. Our results also suggested that L. alienus is attracted by PRM-infested substrate at a distance. We concluded that predation by the ant on PRM is worth further investigation as it could possibly be an effective biological control strategy., Acarologia, 61, 115-120

The diversity of cave crickets (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) remarkably differs between geographic regions in Anatolia. While only 4 species are distributed in northern Anatolia where Black Sea climate prevails, 14 species are found throughout southern and western Anatolia where the Mediterranean climate is dominant. However, no cave crickets were reported from the middle and eastern Anatolia where the continental climate is present. There is no data-based study on the distribution pattern of cave cricket species in Anatolia. This study aimed to reveal any possible relation between climatic conditions and distribution of cave crickets in three caves selected as representatives for three climate types present in Anatolia. Temperature and relative humidity in the ecological zones of the given caves and the surface were periodically measured by using data loggers. Our data show within cave variations in temperature and relative humidity among all three caves: (i) variations in temperature and relative humidity decreased from the entrance zone to the dark zone, (ii) over the winter period, temperature increased from the entrance zone to the dark zone, (iii) over the summer period, temperature decreased from the entrance zone to the dark zone, (iv) the most distinct temperature variation was measured in continental climate, and (v) the major similarity of climatic conditions between cave and climate type was observed in the Black Sea region which cave crickets species have widened distribution and limited speciation. This work was supported by TUBITAK BİDEB-2218 (Ankara, Turkey) post-doctoral scholarship [Grant number 1929B011100092].

WOS: 000360182700005, In this paper a new species of cave crickets Troglophilus (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) from northern Anatolia is described as Troglophilus aspegi Taylan and Sirin sp. nov.. Considering the other already recognised nine species in Anatolia, there are now total 10 species of Troglophilus that currently inhabit the caves and epigean habitats of Turkey. The new species is restricted to National Park of Kure Daglari in Bartin province and known only in one locality (Sipahiler cave). Troglophilus aspegi is morphologically distinguishable from the other nine Troglophilus species present in Turkey due to their small size, male tenth tergite, ovipositor shape, reddish-light brown body color. New species differs from the morphologically closest T tatyanae for body color, tenth tergite and epiphallus shape in male, subgenital plate shape in both sexes, length of the appendages and spinulation of the legs. On the other hand, these new data show that geographical distribution of Troglophilus is not only restricted with north eastern Anatolia but also in caves from north western section of Blacksea Region of Turkey., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [2218], We thank Dr. Mauro Rampini and Dr. Claudio Di Russo (La Sapienza University, Rome) for giving us the opportunity to examine Troglophilus tatyanae type samples in 2010 and Dr. Nadim Yilmazer and Dr. Petru Golban (Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Turkey) for their valuable comments and improving the English of the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive critiques. The study was partly supported logistically by The Society of Anatolian Speleology Group (Istanbul, Turkey), Ministry of the Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks and Namik Kemal University (Tekirdag, Turkey). This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with 2218-National Postdoctoral Research Scholarship Programme (between 2011-2013 in Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag,Turkey).

Myrmeleotettix ethicus Sirin & Ciplak sp. n. Holotype (male): Turkey, Antalya, Gombe, Akdag Mt., around Ikizgol, N 36 ° 44.449, E 029°35.414, 2570 m., 28.7. 2006 (D. Sirin & O. Eren). Other material studied. Paratypes 10 males, 7 females, same data as holotype; paratypes 11 males and 8 females, same locality as holotype, 7.8. 2007 (D. Şirin & Ö. Eren) (Holotype and paratypes in Akdeniz University, Zoology Museum—AUZM; Collection of B. Ciplak). Diagnosis. Myrmeleotettix ethicus sp. n. is a member of the genus Myrmeleotettix characterized by the complex courtship song (Fig. 9 D–E) and by the morphological character combination defining the genus (Figs 3–6). It is similar to M. maculatus in the calling and courtship song including different phases with different syllable pattern. In addition to the characters given in the key to species below, these two species differ in several other characters (see Morphology and Stridulation sections in the Results part). A key to all species of the genus is given below with the aim of diagnosis of the new species according to all members of the genus (based mainly on the data by Bei-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951; Xiang-chu & Kai-ling 2003). Since the description by Mistshenko (1968) for M. zaitzevi do not allow to determine the sates for all the characters below this species has not been given in the key to species. However, the new species M. ethicus well differs from M. zaitzevi by the angulated lateral keels (very weakly curved in the second). Description. Head moderately projecting forward and lateralward; vertical diameter of eye/maximum length of foveolae 3.8–4.2 in male, 2.9–3.2 in female; interocular distance (minimum)/length of sub ocular groove 0.7–0.8 in both genders; length/width of the widest segment of antennae 2.5 –3.0 in male, 3.8–4.2 in female; length of subocular groove/vertical diameter of eye 0.6 in male, 0.8 in female; maximum length of foveolae/maximum width of foveolae, 2.0– 2.4 in male, 2.0– 2.2 in female; the antenna with distinct apical club and its length 5.6–6.2 mm in male and 4.5–4.8 mm in female. Pronotum. lateral carinae distinct and posterior margin projecting; more thicker in the beginning of metazona in both genders and curved almost in the middle half of prozona; the maximum/minimum distances between lateral carinae 2.2–2.5 in male and 2.2–2.6 in female; first and second lateral sulcus reach close to lateral carinae or sometimes pass them, typical transversal sulcus (third sulcus) straight or indistinctly curved, located just before middle or exactly on middle; length of pronotum before /after typical sulcus 0.8 –1.0 in male, 0.8–0.9 in female. Mesosternal interspace 1.75 –2.0 times wider than long; margins of mesosternal lobes slightly divergent backward. Tegmen. 3.6–4.1 times as long as its maximal width in male, 3.9–4.4 times in female; maximum width of precostal area/maximum width of costal area 0.5–0.7 in male, 0.6–0.8 in female; medial area extend far beyond the middle of the tegmen in both genders; precostal vein fuse with costal vein around 2 / 3 part of tegmina from base in male, 3 / 4 part of tegmina from base in female; maximum widths of costal/subcostal areas 1.3–1.7 in male, 1.1–1.5 in female; maximum widths of medial/precostal areas 2.5–3.2 in male. 2.4 –3.0 in female: maximum width of medial/cubital areas 2.4–2.6 in male, 2.2–2.5 in female; stigma located in 2 / 10 of the tegmen in male and 2 / 10 – 3 / 10 in female. Femur. Length/maximum width of hind femur 3.5 –4.0 in male, 3.7–3.9 in female; number of stridulatory pegs 132–164 in male, 133–174 in female. Abdomen. Abdominal segments with long and dense setae especially ventrally; subgenital plate in male and ovipositor valves in female densely setose. Tympanal opening slit-shaped, maximum length/width of tympanum 3.0– 3.2 in male and 5.0– 5.8 in female. Cerci 1.6–1.8 times as long as wide in male and 2.0– 2.3 times in female, cerci extending beyond middle of epiproct in male and shorter in female. Ventral valves of the ovipositor narrowing near apex. Coloration. Mostly yellowish rarely reddish brown dorsally and ventrally in general appearance; there are dark patterns on head posterior of the compound eyes. pronotum light yellow or brownish around two sides of median carina, black or blackish along lateral carinae, pronotum totally brown including lateral carinae in some specimens; tegmina mostly brownish, there are 3–5 dark spots along medial field and 2–3 in radial field; costal field totally light in. Hind femur in body colour, with an vertical blackish line internally near the base and irregular dark patterns externally, brown or brownish yellow ventrally; hind knee dark brown; hind tibiae yellow or yellowish-brown; there are ring-like dark lines on the two ends of tibia. Calling song. The calling song of a male is a typical phrase (Fig. 8 D) consisting of 25–60 syllables (40.4 ± 12.7) (see Table 6 for details). Phrase duration varies from 12.2 to 39.8 (23.3 ± 10.3 s). The phrase begins quietly, intensity of syllables gradually increases and reaches to maximum around 4 / 5 of the phrase, in some of the songs there is a more rapid crescendo roughly up to half of the phrase. The syllable period lasts about 420.7–640.1 ms (500.3 ± 40) (Fig. 8 D). There is a sharpen and loud pulse in the beginnings of each syllable periods (Fig. 8 D). Courtship song. The courtship song of Antalya population was recorded from six different males. During recording the male was put in a cage together with a female. One of the males produced a song different than that of the other five. Pattern of the song produced by this single male is similar to that of M. maculatus while that of other five is specific to this population (Fig. 9 D–E, Table 6). Each of five males successfully mated with the female put together. Three different records with three different females were made from the single male producing M. maculatus type courtship song (Fig. 9 E, Table 6). Females did not accept this male and moved away during or after the courtship, and the male was unsuccessful in mating. So, the courtship song type produced by five males was accepted typical for the new species. The question that “how could such a pattern survive” offers good hypotheses to be tested. The typical courtship song consists of three phases. Phase I is similar to Phase Ib in M. maculatus (Fig. 9 D). This phase lasts 7.4– 10.3 s (8.9 ± 0.8) and involves 11–15 (13 ± 1.1) syllables that are very similar to those of calling song in structure. Syllable periods of Phase I ranges between 613–830 ms (681 ± 50). The Phase I is followed by Phase II which begins with relatively loud sound produced by the sudden jerked downstroke of the hind legs. Male wave the antennae occurs synchronously with this second phase. Duration of Phase II ranges between 9.3– 13.9 s (11.3 ± 1.3) and composed of 11–16 (13.3 ± 1.5) syllables each of which lasts 784–960 ms (852 ± 30). The last phase contains non-regular mixed louder and slower syllables and is similar to Phase IV in M. maculatus. Distribution. This species is presently known only from its type locality. The data suggest that it is restricted to the South Western Anatolian Taurus (Fig. 1). Etymology. The new species named as " ethicus " to highlight this importance of ethic in all scientific activities.

Key to species of Myrmeleotettix 1 a Tegmina and hind wings well developed and extending beyond the middle of hind femora in both sexes................. 2 1 b Tegmina and hind wing strongly reduced and reaching not above the middle of hind femora................ brachypterus 2 a Subcostal and radial veins of hind wing not thickened distinctly on the apical part; ratio of maximal width of median to cubital field of tegmen much less than 5.5........................................................................ 3 2 b Subcostal and radial veins of hind wing thickened distinctly on the apical part; ratio of maximal width of median to cubital fields of tegmen ��� 5.5.......................................................................... pluridentis 3 a Ratio of maximal width of median/cubital field of tegmen is ��� 2.0............................................... 4 3 b Ratio of maximal width of median/cubital field of tegmen is> 2.0............................................... 6 4 a Tegmina extending beyond end of hind femora in both sexes; length/width of the longest middle antennal segment is about 2.5 4 b Tegmina not reaching to the end of the hind femora in female and hardy reaching it in the male; length of the longest middle antennal segment is about 1.5...................................................................... palpalis 5 a Antennae with a distinct apical club; maximum/minimum distances between lateral carinae 1.7���1.9; body length/tegmina length 1.11���1.29 in both sexes; tegmina length/pronotum length 4.0��� 4.1 in male and 4.1���4.2 in female......... antennatus 5 b Antennae club gradually widened toward the apex; ratio of maximum to minimum distances between lateral carinae 2.1���2.2; body length/tegmina length 1.35���1.50 in both sexes; tegmina length/pronotum length 3.7���3.8 in male and 3.3 ���4.0 in female............................................................................................. longipennis 6 a Ratio of the minimum width/medial length of mesosternal interspace 1.0��� 1.2............................ angustiseptus 6 b The minimum width/medial length of mesosternal interspace 1.75 ���2.0........................................... 7 7 a Hind margin of tenth tergum weakly widened laterally; maximal length/widest of foveolae 1.5 in male and 2.0 or less in female.............................................................................................. pallidus 7 b Hind margin of tenth tergum with tooth-like process laterally of the middle; maximal length/width of foveolae is more than>2.0 in both sexes..................................................................................... 8 8 a Maximal width of median/cubital field 3.0���4.0; length of antenna 6.6 ���7.2 mm in the male and 5.0��� 5.8 mm in the female; costal vein of tegmina reach to frontal margin nearly at 2 / 3 of tegmen and stigma located in apical 3 / 10 ��� 4 / 10 both in male and female; maximal length/width of tympanum 4.4 ���5.0 in male, 3.2���3.8 in female............................. maculatus 8 b Maximal width of median/cubital field 2.4���2.5; length of antenna 5.6���6.2 mm in the male and 4.5���4.8 mm in the female; the costal vein of tegmina reach frontal margin near the apex and the stigma located in 2 / 10 of tegmen both in male and female; maximum length/width of tympanum 3.0��� 3.2 in male, 5.0��� 5.8 in female............................... ethicus sp. n., Published as part of Sirin, Deniz, Mol, Abbas & Ciplak, Battal, 2011, Myrmeleotettix Bolivar (Orthoptera, Gomphocerinae) in Anatolia on the basis of morphological and behavioural characters: data suggest a new species from southern end of the Anatolian refugium, pp. 29-47 in Zootaxa 2917 on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207270

Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunberg, 1815) Gomphocerus maculatus Thunberg, 1815. Material examined. (see Table 1) Morphological description. See Harz (1975) and the characters given above. Calling song (original data). The calling song lasts about 13.3���22.1 (16.2 �� 3.4) s and consists of 15���25 (19.5 �� 4.2) syllables. Syllable periods were shorter in the early part of the sequence and continue with slower ones of 520���820 (690 �� 50) ms to end (see details in Table 6). Courtship song. The courtship song consists of the following three phases. Phase I involves two subparts, Phase Ia and Phase Ib (Fig 9 A ���C). Duration of Phase Ia is 4.0��� 10.5 s and contains jerk-like pulses. Duration of Phase Ib ranges between 10.1��� 15.1 s and composed of about 13���22 (18.1 �� 3.5) syllables, period of which usually is about 580���810 (621 �� 40) ms. Phase II begins with relatively loud sound which is produced by the sudden downstroke of the hind legs. During this phase male throw antennae backwards. After moving of the antenna, male produces a sequence with different syllable type. These syllables are louder and slower than those in the Phase I. Duration of Phase II ranges between 12.6��� 21.6 s (16.8 �� 3.3) and composed of 15���26 (20.6 �� 4.1) syllable periods each of which usually lasts 632���930 (723 �� 60) ms. The third sequence is Phase III. Syllables in initial part of this phase are similar to those in Phase II by presence of the jerks and that of the antennal waves. Duration of Phase III is 8.2��� 13.1 s (11.1 �� 1.6) and contains rapid 18���28 (23.3 �� 3.5) syllable periods each of which lasts 403���581 (472 �� 30) ms. Distribution. This species is distributed nearly in the whole West Palaearctic including large parts of West Asia, Europe and northwestern Africa (Bei-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951; Harz 1975). However, it seems that the range of the species is not continuous and that the species is present along altitudinal belts especially in the Mediterranean Basin. In Anatolia it is present along northern Anatolia particularly on altitudes around/higher than 2000 m., Published as part of Sirin, Deniz, Mol, Abbas & Ciplak, Battal, 2011, Myrmeleotettix Bolivar (Orthoptera, Gomphocerinae) in Anatolia on the basis of morphological and behavioural characters: data suggest a new species from southern end of the Anatolian refugium, pp. 29-47 in Zootaxa 2917 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207270, {"references":["Thunberg, C. P. (1815) Hemipterorum maxillosorum genera illustrata plurimisque novis speciebus ditata ac descripta. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 5, 211 - 301.","Harz, K. (1975) The Orthoptera of Europe II. - Series entomologica 11, 939 pp.; The Hague (Dr. W. Junk N. V.).","Bei-Bienko, G. J. & Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) The grasshopper of the fauna of the USSR and adjacent countries. Academy Nauk., Moskova-Leningrad. Volume II. 667 pp."]}

Chorthippus antecessor Sirin & Ciplak sp. n. Holotype male, Turkey, Adana, road from Develi to Doġanbeyli, around Hanyeri, 38 12.126 N, 36 0 3.472 E, 1616 m, 21.07. 2004, (D. Sirin, D. Berger & M.S. Taylan); Other material studied: Paratypes 10 males, 9 females, same data as holotype; paratypes 3 males and 5 females, same data as holotype, 19.07. 2005, (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin, M.S. Taylan & S. Kaya) (Holotype and paratypes in Akdeniz University, Zoology Museum – AUZM; Collection B. Ciplak). Diagnosis. Chorthippus antecessor sp. n. is a member of the C. biguttulus group by the character combination defined to characterize the group (Figs 3, 5, 8,). It is belonging to C. brunneus subgroup by the typical leg movement pattern performed during stridulation: both hind legs perform the same movement pattern and produce typical syllables of the single type throughout the phrase (Fig. 16). It is similar to C. bornhalmi and C. miramae in that the song of single long phrases which consists of long syllables. This species differs prominently from these two species, as well as from other members of C. brunneus subgroup, by its distinctive morphology. The diagnostic characters defining this new species (both in male and female) are; the tegmina that hardly reaching to the end of the abdomen (others exhibit tegmina extending far beyond the end of the abdomen and reaching to 2 / 5 of the hind tibiae), the stigma located near the apex of the tegmina (see metric data of LTMSA in Appendix 1, 2), the presence of a false vein in costal field of tegmina and the vertical foveolae length measuring twice its width (this ratio is 2.5–3 in others). Song. The calling song of a male is a typical phrase (Fig. 16) consisting of 11–82 syllables (41.4 ± 17.5). Phrase duration varies from 1.4 to 10.4 (6.2 ± 2.6 s). The phrase begins quietly and maximum intensity is usually reached between 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of the phrase, however, in some of the songs there is often a more gradual crescendo roughly up to half of the phrase. The syllable period lasts about 103.6–135.5 ms (113.1 ± 9.1) (Fig. 16 B). The opening hemisyllable is generally longer than the closing hemisyllable roughly during the first half of phrase and almost equal during the latter half (Fig. 16 B). There are 3–4 steps during opening hemisyllable but there are no tick pulses consistent with these steps. Characteristic tick pulses of closing hemisyllables created by the downward steps of the hind femur produce 3 pulses in the early part of the phrase and 4 in the later part. Consistent with the location of these tick pulses, closing hemisyllables include 2 gaps in syllables during the first 3 rd, and 3 in that of the rest of the phrase. Head. Slightly wider than pronotum; vertical diameter of eye/maximum length of faveolae 3.9–4.2 in male, 2.7 –3.0 in female; interocular distance (minimum)/length of subocular groove 0.6–0.7 in both genders; length of the medial antennal segment/maximum width of the medial antennal segment 2.2–2.7 in male, 2.3– 2.8 in female; length of subocular groove/vertical diameter of eye 0.6–0.7 in male, 0.8 in female; maximum length of foveolae/maximum width of foveolae, 2.5–3.1 in male, 2.4–2.7 in female; antenna filiform, 1.5 – 1.6 times longer than head+pronotum in male, 1.2–1.3 times longer in female. Pronotum. Frontal margin weakly convex and hind margin angular or obtuse angular; median carinae distinct and entire; first lateral sulci extend near to median carinae passing lateral carinae, second lateral sulcus reach close to lateral carinae or sometimes pass them only, typical transversal sulcus (third sulcus) straight or indistinctly curved, located just before middle or exactly on middle and length of pronotum before typical sulcus / length of pronotum after typical sulcus 0.9 –1.0 in male, 0.8–0.9; lateral carinae distinct and entire, more thicker in the beginning of metazona in both genders and slightly curved in the middle half of prozona; maximum distance between lateral carinae / minimum distance between lateral carinae 2.0– 2.4 in male and 2.3–2.6 in female. Tegmen. 4.5–4.7 times as long as maximum width in male, 4.6–5.5 times in female; maximum width of precostal area/maximum width of costal area 0.6–0.7 in male, 1.1–1.2 in female; medial area far beyond the medial of the tegmen in both genders; precostal vein fuse with costal vein around 1 / 3 part of tegmina from base in male, 2 / 3 part of tegmina from base in female; maximum width of costal area/maximum width of subcostal area 1.4–1.9 in male, 1.3–1.6 in female; maximum width of medial area/maximum width of precostal area 1.1–1.3 in male, 1.0– 1.2 in female; stigma located 7 / 10 in part of the tegmina from the base in both gender. Femur. Length of hind femur/maximum width of hind femur 3.9–4.1 in male, 4.1–4.5 in female; peg number of stridulatory file 100–136 in male, 113–126 in female. Coloration. Dirty or redish brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally in general appearance; each part of pronotum light brown around median carina, black or blackish along light lateral carinae, pronotum totally dark brown including lateral carinae in some specimens; there are dark patterns on head and paranota. Tegmina mostly brownish, costal field totally light in some males; there are dark spots along medial field or sometimes also along costal field. Hind femur in body colour, with an oblique blackish band internally near the base and dark patterns externally, yellow or brownish yellow ventrally; hind knee dark brown; hind tibiae yellow or yellowish-brown being slightly darker ventrally. Distribution. This species is presently known only from its type locality. The present data suggest that it is restricted to the Southern Anatolian Taurus (Fig. 1). Discussion. See the ‘Taxonomy’ subheading of the Discussion. Etymology. Since data from our study suggest it to be a remnant of the ancestral stock of the whole subgroup it is named to express this inference.

Chorthippus relicticus Sirin, Helversen & Ciplak sp. n. Holotype male: Turkey, Karaman, road from Alanya to Sarıveliler, around Civandere village, 36 41.984 N, 32 30.740 E, 1675 m, 17.07. 2005 (B. Ciplak, D. Sirin, M.S. Taylan & S. Kaya). Other material studied: Paratypes 18 males and 16 females, same data as holotype; paratypes 3 males and 5 females, same data as holotype, 0 2.07. 2007 (D. Şirin ve M.S. Taylan). (Holotype and paratypes in Akdeniz University, Zoology Museum—AUZM; Collection B. Ciplak). Diagnosis. Chorthippus relicticus sp. n. is a member of the C. biguttulus group by the character combination defined to characterize the group (Figs 4, 6, 9). It is belonging to C. brunneus subgroup by the typical leg movement pattern performed during stridulation: both hind legs perform the same movement pattern almost synchronously and produce typical syllables of the single type throughout the phrase. Among members of this subgroup it shares similarities with C. brunneus and C. jacobsi by the song composed of a few short phrases consisting of short syllables (Fig. 18). Of the three close relatives, C. jacobsi and C. relicticus sp. n. are more similar by the longer phrase duration of 400 – 750 ms excluding C. brunneus in which phrase duration is 110 – 330 ms. But, the new species differs prominently from these two species, as well as from all other members of C. biguttulus group, by the high number of stridulatory pegs both in male (175–225; mean 196.5) and female (194–245; mean 221.8). Song. There are 1–2 phrases per calling song. Phrase duration varies between 380 – 880 ms (551 ± 10 ms) (Fig. 18 A; Table 2). The first phrase of the song is usually shorter than the following one. The syllable number per phrase ranges between 15 and 33, each of which consists of two pulses (Fig. 18 B). Syllable duration ranges between 20.2 – 28.9 ms (Table 2). Syllables of C. relicticus are generated by one straight up- and one downstroke of hind leg. The amplitude of the first pulse is higher than that of the second (Fig. 18 B). Head. Part before the interocular distance (minimum) in males mostly darker than the later part; vertical diameter of eye/maximum length of foveolae 2.6–3.2 in male, 2.8–3.1 in female; interocular distance (minimum)/length of subocular groove 0.5–0.6 in male, 0.5–0.7 in female; length of the medial antennal segment/maximum width of the medial antennal segment 1.8–2.2 in male, 1.6–1.8 in female; length of subocular groove/vertical diameter of eye 0.6–0.8 in male, 0.8 in female; maximum length of foveolae/ maximum width of foveolae, 2.6–3.4 in male, 2.7–3.3 in female; Antenna filiform, 1.4 – 1.6 times longer than head+pronotum in male, 1.1 times longer in female. Pronotum. Median carina distinct and entire; first and typical transversal (third sulcus) sulcus passing lateral carinae and median carina, second lateral sulcus reach close to lateral carinae or sometimes pass them only, typical sulcus located before middle and length of pronotum before typical sulcus/length of pronotum after typical sulcus 0.7–0.8 in both genders; Lateral carinae distinct and entire, more thicker in the beginning of metazona in both genders and slightly curved in the middle half of prozona; maximum distance between lateral carinae / minimum distance between lateral carinae 2.3–2.7 in male and 2.5–2.8 in female. Tegmen. Tegmina extending far beyond the end of the abdomen and reaching to 1 / 5 of the hind tibiae in male, 2 / 5 in female; costal field does not have a false vein; tegmen 4.5–5.5 times as long as maximum width in male, 5.3–5.9 times in female; maximum width of precostal area/maximum width of costal area 0.5–0.7 in male, 1.0– 1.1 in female; medial area end just before the medial of the tegmen in both genders; precostal vein fuse with Costal vein around 1 / 3 part of tegmina from base in male, 2 / 3 part of tegmina from base in female; maximum width of costal area/maximum width of subcostal area 1.7 –2.0 in male, 1.4–1.8 in female; maximum width of medial area/maximum width of precostal area 0.9–1.1 in male, 0.9 –1.0 in female; stigma located 6 / 10 part of the tegmina from the base in both gender. Femur. Length of hind femur/maximum width of hind femur 3.8–4.2 in male, 4.3–4.8 in female; Peg number of stridulatory file 175–225 in male, 194–245 in female. Coloration. Dark brownish dorsally and dirty yellowish ventrally in general appearance; median carina black or blackish from begin to end, pronotum totally dark brown including lateral carinae in some specimens; there are dark patterns on head and lateral pronotal lobes. Tegmina mostly yellowish, there are dark spots along medial field or sometimes also along costal field. Hind femur mostly dirty reddish or in body colour, with an oblique blackish band internally near the base and dark patterns externally, yellow or brownish yellow ventrally; hind knee light brown; hind tibiae yellow or yellowish-brown being slightly darker ventrally. Distribution. This species is presently known only from its type locality. Present data suggest that it is restricted to the Southern Anatolian Taurus (Fig. 1). Etymology. Since it is assumed to be a relict of the ancestral population of C. brunneus and C. jacobsi it is named to express this inference.

Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) bornhalmi Harz, 1971 Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) bornhalmi Harz, 1971: 336. Material examined. TURKEY: 17 males and 10 females, İzmir, Kemalpaşa, Nif Mt., 38 23.802 N, 27 23.892 E, 905 m, 0 1.07. 2005, (D. Sirin); 10 males, Afyonkarahisar, road from Sandıklı to Şuhut, mountain road to the Pass, spring place, 38 28.079 N, 30 21.675 E, 1663 m, 23.07. 2003 (B. Ciplak, F. Mayer, D. Sirin & D. Berger); 13 males and 10 females, Antalya, around Termessos antic town, 36 59.280 N, 30 28.051 E, 878 m, 11.06. 2005 (D. Sirin); 14 males, Antalya, G��mbe, Akdaġ, between Subaşı-İkiz Lake, 36 34.773 N, 29 35.087 E, 2380 m, 0 7.08. 2007, (D. Sirin); 20 males and 7 females, Nigde, Bolkar Mts., 10 km above Aktoprak, 37 25.528 N, 34 27.918 E, 2206 m, 24.07. 2004 (D. Sirin, D. Berger & M.S. Taylan); 18.07. 2005 (D. Sirin & M.S. Taylan); 12 males and 5 females, Kayseri, road from Develi to Kayseri (Erciyes Mt.), 38 26.706 N, 35 30.782 E, 1630 m, 21.07. 2004, (D. Sirin, D. Berger & M.S. Taylan); 13 males, Konya, Taşkent, around Karaman pass, 36 53.448 N, 32 31.108 E, 1744 m, 0 2.07. 2007, (D. Sirin & M.S. Taylan); 13 males and 4 females, Gaziantep, road from Gaziantep to Nizip, 15. km, around Turk, 37 0 0.083 N, 37 37.877 E, 739 m, 0 4.07. 2007, (D. Sirin & M.S. Taylan); 15 males, Malatya, Yeşilyurt, road from G��nd��zbey to Adıyaman, B��r��cek, 38 11.605 N, 38 19.211 E, 1884 m, 0 5.07. 2007, (D. Sirin & M.S. Taylan); 15 males and 5 females, Sivas, Suşehri, K��sedaġ Mt., 40 0 5.897 N, 38 0 1.376 E, 1908 m, 10.07. 2007, (D. Sirin & M.S. Taylan) (all specimens in Akdeniz University, Zoology Museum ��� AUZM; Collection B. Ciplak). Song. The male calling song of Chorthippus bornhalmi is a typical phrase lasts 1.1��� 8.9 s (mean 3.2 �� 1.5). The phrase begins quietly and the maximum intensity is usually reached between 1 / 4 ��� 1 / 3 of the phrase (A in Figs. 14, 15), however, in some of the songs there is often a more gradual crescendo which occasionally lasts about half of the phrase. A phrase is composed of about 13���29 (24.4 �� 5.7) syllables each of which usually lasts about 96.7���127.6 ms (104 �� 2.8). According to song and leg movements, characteristic syllables of phrase in C. bornhalmi consist of two different parts. The closing hemisyllable includes characteristic 4 (rarely 5) tick pulses produced by the intense downstroke steps of the hind femur (B in Figs. 14, 15). The typical opening hemisyllable consists of a crescendo with no isolated pulses. Oscillographic analyses showed that there are usually 3 gaps in each of the closing hemisyllables, and that the gaps tend to become obvious toward the latter end of the phrase. Distribution. The range of this species covers mainly the Balkans and central Greece except the most southern part and the Anatolian Peninsula (Fig. 1). In Anatolia it is sometimes present, particularly in altitudes of 1500 m or higher. C. bornhalmi seems to be the most widespread species of this subgroup in Anatolia and previous records of C. brunneus in several earlier publications probably refer to C. bornhalmi., Published as part of Sirin, Deniz, Helversen, Otto Von & Ciplak, Battal, 2010, Chorthippus brunneus subgroup (Orthoptera, Gomphocerinae) in Anatolia with description of two new species: data suggest an Anatolian origin for the lineage, pp. 1-28 in Zootaxa 2410 on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194288, {"references":["Harz. (1971). Orthopterologische Beitrage. Atalanta 3, pp. 331 - 338."]}

WOS: 000467326600004, Seventeen endemic and time sub-endemic species belonging to three subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Bradyporinae, Phaneropterinae and Tettigoniinae) were sampled during field trips throughout different regions of Anatolia between 2015 and 2018 (except one taxon). Acoustic parameters of these 20 bush-cricket species affiliated to 12 genera (Apholidoptera, Bradyporus, Decticus, Eupholidoptera, Parapholidoptera, Pezodrymadusa, Pholidoptera, Polysarcus, Psorodonotus, Squamiana, Uvarovistia and Yalvaciana) have been described for the first time in this study. Bioacoustical analysis shows that male calling songs are species-specific for the genera Bradyporus, Parapholidoptera, Pholidoptera, Apholidoptera, Uvarovistia and Psorodonotus. However, there are no distinct differences among species of the genus Pezodrymadusa. Moreover, our additional data on genus Eupholidoptera indicate that there are some different song patterns within the genus. The song description of Uvarovistia zebra presented here is the second bioacoustics data on this genus. The acoustical analyses data support the morpho-species hypothesis of Psorodonotus suphani Taylan & Sirin, 2014, which is known from Suphan Mountain (Bitlis province, Eastern part of Turkey) and reject Kaya & ciplak (2017), which recommended it as synonym to P. caucasicus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) (commonly known as a Black Sea Region species)., Hakkari University (Scientific Researches Project Coordination Unit (BAP)) [FM18BAP3], Our special thanks go to Petru GOLBAN (from Tekirdag Namik Kemal University) for his valuable comments on manuscript and proof-reading of the manuscript. This study was conducted by using facilities of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Entomology Museum, NKUEM (Tekirdag/Turkey). This study was partly funded by Hakkari University (Scientific Researches Project Coordination Unit (BAP), No: FM18BAP3).

WOS: 000330214900001, PubMed: 24478585, Fourteen endemic and two sub-endemic species belonging to three subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (Tettigoniinae, Bradyporinae and Saginae) were sampled during field trips throughout the different ranges of Anatolia between the years of 2004 and 2013. Acoustic parameters of these 16 species affiliated to 8 genera (Anterastes, Apholidoptera, Gampsocleis, Parapholidoptera, Pezodrymadusa, Psorodonotus, Bradyporus and Saga) have been described for the first time in this study. Acoustical analysis showed that song characters are species-specific in the genera Saga and Psorodonotus. On the other hand, we could not find big differences among species of the genus Pezodrymadusa and Parapholidoptera castaneoviridis species-group., Namik Kemal University; Aksaray University, Our special thanks go to Elife Zerrin BAGCI, Nadim YILMAZER, Levent CAN and Behiye Banu BILGEN and Petru GOLBAN from Namik Kemal Universityfor their valuable comments on manuscript and improving the English of the manuscript. We also thank to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study was supported by Namik Kemal University and Aksaray University.

WOS: 000406375200003, Fifteen taxa belonging to nine genera (Arcyptera, Ramburiellla, Dociostaurus, Notostaurus, Omocestus, Stenobothrus, Euchorthippus, Pseudochorthippus and Chorthippus) of Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) were sampled during field trips throughout the different ranges of Turkish Thrace between the years of 2010 and 2015. Bioacoustic parameters of these 15 species have been described for the first time from Turkish Thrace with this study. A total of 5 taxa (Arcyptera (Pararcyptera) microptera microptera, Omocestus (Dirshius) petraeus, Stenobothrus eurasius eurasius, Euchorthippus declivus and C. (Glyptobothrus) biguttulus euhedickei) were identified in the Turkish Thrace region as new records. In addition to these, Stenobothrus eurasius eurasius has been given a new record for Turkey., Research Fund of the Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.10.AR.12.01], Our special thanks go to Dr. Dirk BERGER (Naturkundemuseum, Potsdam / GERMANY) for his valuable comments about Stenobothrus eurasius eurasius and Dr. Petru GOLBAN (Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag/TURKEY) for improving the English of the manuscript. This study was conducted by using facilities of Namik Kemal University Entomology Museum, NKUEM (Tekirdag/Turkey). We also thank to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by Research Fund of the Namik Kemal University, (Project numbers: NKUBAP.00.10.AR.12.01).

WOS: 000356456900002, PubMed: 26249506, This study focuses on two endemic Anatolian Gomphocerinae Fieber, 1853 species, which are evaluated in terms of nomenclature and taxonomy using biogeographical, morphological, and acoustical data. The original description of Eremippus zeybekoglui is supplemented by the data on new specimens collected from type locality, and the female of this species is described for the first time in this study. Based on the new specimens of Stenobothrus weidneri (Demirsoy, 1977) comb. nov., which were collected at the type locality, the species is transferred from Eremippus Uvarov, 1926 to Stenobothrus Fischer, 1853. Additionally, male calling songs of both species are described for the first time in this study. Also, the biogeography of these species is presented and discussed.

WOS: 000349770300007, PubMed: 25347836, Rammeihippus Woznessenskij, 1996 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) is a genus represented by two species. Rammeihippus turcicus (Ramme, 1939) is the only known species of the genus from Anatolia. As for most of the Gomphocerinae species in Anatolia, all populations of the species are intermittently distributed at high altitudes. In this study, three populations of Rammeihippus turcicus were studied for the first time to determine the song and mating behavior. Males of the species produce typical calling song for Gomphocerinae and complex courtship songs and mating behavior. Thus, an accurate taxonomy requires extensive material and different character sources. In this study, the Anatolian Rammeihippus was re-examined on the basis of qualitative and morphometric morphology, male songs, and behavioral characteristics. There was no agreement between the results of the song and morphology. Acoustic analysis suggested one species and patchy distribution in the area, whereas morphology pointed out that each population was a different taxonomical unit. The results of the study show that the aberrant morphology does not necessarily indicate a new species in the Gomphocerinae genus., IDEA-WILD; Namik Kemal University, We thank Nadim Yilmazer, Elife Zerrin Bagci, and Petru Golban (Namik Kemal University) for their valuable comments and improving the English of the manuscript and Riza Turker for his graphical works. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive critiques. This study was supported by IDEA-WILD and Namik Kemal University.