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AbstractIntelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with adaptively adjustable structure and performance under external stimuli hold great potential in developing new generation of intelligent EMI shielding materials. In this review, the latest and most impressive works of advanced materials for stimulus-responsive EMI shielding are highly focused on. Based on stimulating sources, the smart EMI materials are discussed in five categories: mechanical-, temperature-, electrical-, humidity-responsive and others. The key information, including structural design principle, EMI behavior, and structure-function relationship, is extracted and well organized with profundity and easy-to-understand approach. What’s more, the merit and demerit are revealed by comparison. Finally, a profound comment on the stimulus-responsive EMI materials as well as challenges are proposed, and the future directions are forecasted. Schematic illustration for stimulus-responsive EMI shielding, including mechanical-responsive (top left) (Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2021, Elsevier), temperature-responsive (top right) (Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2022, The Authors, Elsevier), electrical-responsive (bottom right) (Reproduced with permission, Copyright 2015 Springer Nature), humidity-responsive (bottom) (Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2018, Elsevier), and others (bottom left) (Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH).

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence and natural history of POLG disease in the Norwegian population. Methods A national, population‐based, retrospective study using demographic, clinical, and genetic data of patients with genetically confirmed POLG disease. The patients were diagnosed between 2002 and 2022, and were included into the Norwegian POLG Patient Registry. Patients were stratified according to age at disease onset (early

IntroductionLipedema is a common, yet underdiagnosed, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) disorder. The main characteristics are SAT expansion in the lower extremities and arms, pain, and tenderness to palpation. It remains unknown if a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) influences SAT in females with lipedema.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a LCD low-energy diet, compared to a low-fat isoenergetic control diet, on calf subcutaneous adipose tissue area, muscle area, SAT/muscle ratio, calf circumference and body composition in females with lipedema.Subjects/methodsAdult females with obesity and lipedema were randomized to 1,200 kcal/day diets, either LCD or control (75 and 180 g/day of carbohydrates, respectively) for 8 weeks. Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, calf SAT area, muscle area, and circumference with magnetic resonance imaging and pain with brief pain inventory, before and after the intervention.ResultsThirteen participants were included (five in the LCD group), with a mean age of 46 ± 12 years and a BMI of 37 ± 6 kg/m2. A significant reduction in calf SAT area, calf circumference, and pain was observed in the LCD group only. Both LCD and control groups experienced a significant reduction body weight, fat mass, fat free mass, and muscle area, with no differences between groups. No significant changes over time were found for SAT/muscle ratio.ConclusionA LCD has the potential to reduce SAT and pain in females with lipedema, despite a reduction in muscle mass in lipedema affected areas in both diet groups. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore potential mechanisms.Clinical trial registrationNCT04632810: Effect of ketosis on pain and quality of life in patients with lipedema (Lipodiet). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04632810.

Establishing protected areas has been a longstanding strategy to conserve forests. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) offers a reflection of ecosystem quality and vegetation vitality compared to traditional spatial indicators, making it a valuable metric for evaluating conservation outcomes in protected areas. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge about the concurrent influence of in situ conservation and pertinent policies on forest conservation. Through Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and the Difference-in-Difference (DID) model, we evaluated the conservation outcomes of NPP within protected areas and identified different policies’ impacts. Wuyi Mountain in China, known for its rich forest resources, was selected as the study area. The results revealed: (1) NPP within all protected areas fluctuated within a stable range from 1985 to 2021, with some exhibiting a significant upward trend; (2) A total of 62.5 % of protected areas demonstrated a positive effect on forest NPP. There is a 72 % effective conservation rate for nature reserves, one type of protected area in China, making them the most effectively protected in Wuyi Mountain; (3) In 50 % of the cases, the policies resulted in positive outcomes. The impact of policies on forest NPP varies across different types of protected areas; (4) Only 16.67 % of policy scenarios demonstrated a concurrent positive effect from both protected areas and conservation policies. By analyzing the impact of protected area establishment and conservation policy implementation on NPP, our research can offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance forest conservation in mountain areas.

Increasing numbers of older workers have to postpone retirement to be eligible for pension income. Therefore, knowledge of how to ensure their mental wellbeing is becoming increasingly salient, especially in Nordic countries, where mental health problems are the most important reason for workers leaving the labor market prematurely. Yet, no systematic overview of what influences older workers’ mental wellbeing currently exists. This scoping review aims to build such knowledge and identify gaps in the literature. Employing a multi-faceted search strategy, we identified and reviewed 23 articles. The mental wellbeing of older workers is influenced by (a) working onditions, (b) workers’ socio-economic and psychological resources, and (c) uncertainties in the statutory framework. Research gaps include a lack of knowledge on (i) how the interaction between factors at the individual, workplace, and welfare state levels impacts older workers’ mental wellbeing, and (ii) the determinants of older workers’ mental wellbeing in Nordic countries.

Abstract While short-read sequencing currently dominates genetic research and diagnostics, it frequently falls short of capturing certain structural variants (SVs), which are often implicated in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Optical genome mapping (OGM) is an innovative technique capable of capturing SVs that are undetectable or challenging-to-detect via short-read methods. This study aimed to investigate NDDs using OGM, specifically focusing on cases that remained unsolved after standard exome sequencing. OGM was performed in 47 families using ultra-high molecular weight DNA. Single-molecule maps were assembled de novo, followed by SV and copy number variant calling. We identified 7 variants of interest, of which 5 (10.6%) were classified as likely pathogenic or pathogenic, located in BCL11A, OPHN1, PHF8, SON, and NFIA. We also identified an inversion disrupting NAALADL2, a gene which previously was found to harbor complex rearrangements in two NDD cases. Variants in known NDD genes or candidate variants of interest missed by exome sequencing mainly consisted of larger insertions (> 1kbp), inversions, and deletions/duplications of a low number of exons (1–4 exons). In conclusion, in addition to improving molecular diagnosis in NDDs, this technique may also reveal novel NDD genes which may harbor complex SVs often missed by standard sequencing techniques.

Abstract Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex, degenerative disease that affects nerve cells that are responsible for body movement. Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are widely used to diagnose and track the progression of this disease, which causes symptoms of Parkinson's disease in its early stages, by predicting the results of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). In this study, we aim to develop a method based on the integration of two methods, one complementary to the other, Ensembles of Self-Organizing Map and Neuro-Fuzzy, and an unsupervised learning algorithm. The proposed method relied on the higher effect of the variables resulting from the analysis of the initial readings to obtain a correct and accurate preliminary prediction. We evaluate the developed approach on a PD dataset including speech cues. The process was evaluated with root mean square error (RMSE) and modified R square (modified R2). Our findings reveal that the proposed method is effective in predicting UPDRS outcomes by a combination of speech signals (measures of hoarseness). As the preliminary results during the evaluation showed numbers that proved the worth of the proposed method, such as UPDRS = 0.955 and RMSE approximately 0.2769 during the prediction process.

It is essential to better integrate wilderness representations of different stakeholders into wilderness conservation. The way in which local residents and other stakeholders frame the construction of wilderness of protected areas in developing countries are poorly understood. In these areas, land use policy and decision may lead to conflicts. This study aims to explore existing public wilderness representations using a questionnaire survey (n = 514) administered amongst tourists and other stakeholders in the Wuyishan National Park, in southeast China. The spatial differences in public representations of wilderness across different stakeholder groups were compared against expert knowledge. We found that integrated wilderness representation maps of different stakeholder groups were consistent, namely ‘area where wild animals live’, ‘area with no human influence’, ‘a barren and lonely area’. However, three sub-representations of the individual stakeholders varied significantly. Moreover, expert-based wilderness mapping did not reflect public representations accurately, and an integrated wilderness quality map considering wilderness representations across both stakeholders and experts can better identify detailed wilderness areas. Our study provides new insights and technical support for future exploration of wilderness conservation and mapping in China and other countries with insufficient awareness of wilderness values and investigations in a regional scale.

IntroductionNewborn resuscitation algorithms emphasize that resuscitation is time-critical, and all algorithm steps are related to the time of birth. Infrared thermal video has the potential to capture events in the delivery room, such as birth, cord clamping, and resuscitative interventions, while upholding the privacy of patients and healthcare providers.ObjectivesThe objectives of this concept study were to (i) investigate the technical feasibility of using thermal video in the delivery room to detect birth and cord clamping, and (ii) evaluate the accuracy of manual real-time registrations of the time of birth and cord clamping by comparing it with the accuracy of registrations abstracted from thermal videos.MethodsAn observational study with data collected at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway, from September 2022 to August 2023. The time of birth and cord clamping were manually registered on a portable tablet by healthcare providers. Thermal cameras were placed in the delivery rooms and operating theatre to capture births. Videos were retrospectively reviewed to determine the time of birth and cord clamping.ResultsParticipation consent was obtained from 306 mothers, of which 195 births occurred in delivery rooms or an operating theatre with a thermal camera installed. We excluded 12 videos in which no births occurred. Births were detectable in all 183 (100%) thermal videos evaluated. There was a median (quartiles) of 1.8 (0.7, 5.4) s deviation in the manual registrations of the times of births relative to those abstracted from thermal videos. Cord clamping was detectable in 173 of the 183 (95%) thermal videos, with a median of 18.3 (3.3, 108) s deviation in the manual registrations of the times of cord clampings relative to those abstracted from thermal videos.ConclusionRecognizing the time of birth and cord clamping from thermal videos is technically feasible and provides a method for determining when resuscitative events occur.

Uptake of PrEP remains suboptimal, especially in the Southern United States. Same-day or “Rapid PrEP Initiatives” (RPIs) in sexual health centers (SHCs) could facilitate access and overcome barriers to PrEP. We studied the adaptation of an RPI from Denver, Colorado to an SHC in New Orleans, Louisiana. Through focus group discussions (FGDs) with local SHC staff and PrEP providers, we developed a preliminary RPI model. In 5 FGDs with SHC clients referred for or taking PrEP, we gathered adaptation recommendations and feedback on model acceptability, feasibility, and utility. Providers and clients voiced unanimous support for the RPI. Clients favored the ease of same-day PrEP initiation and emphasized a desire for navigational support, financial counseling, and integration of PrEP care with their other clinical needs. Clients recommended that SHC providers discuss PrEP and HIV with all patients, regardless of providers’ perception of risk. Next steps include small-scale implementation and evaluation.

Abstract Background African ancestry populations have the highest burden of stroke worldwide, yet the genetic basis of stroke in these populations is obscure. The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter study involving 16 sites in West Africa. We conducted the first-ever genome-wide association study (GWAS) of stroke in indigenous Africans. Methods Cases were consecutively recruited consenting adults (aged > 18 years) with neuroimaging-confirmed ischemic stroke. Stroke-free controls were ascertained using a locally validated Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status. DNA genotyping with the H3Africa array was performed, and following initial quality control, GWAS datasets were imputed into the NIH Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) release2 from BioData Catalyst. Furthermore, we performed fine-mapping, trans-ethnic meta-analysis, and in silico functional characterization to identify likely causal variants with a functional interpretation. Results We observed genome-wide significant (P-value < 5.0E−8) SNPs associations near AADACL2 and miRNA (MIR5186) genes in chromosome 3 after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiac status in the base model as covariates. SNPs near the miRNA (MIR4458) gene in chromosome 5 were also associated with stroke (P-value < 1.0E−6). The putative genes near AADACL2, MIR5186, and MIR4458 genes were protective and novel. SNPs associations with stroke in chromosome 2 were more than 77 kb from the closest gene LINC01854 and SNPs in chromosome 7 were more than 116 kb to the closest gene LINC01446 (P-value < 1.0E−6). In addition, we observed SNPs in genes STXBP5-AS1 (chromosome 6), GALTN9 (chromosome 12), FANCA (chromosome 16), and DLGAP1 (chromosome 18) (P-value < 1.0E−6). Both genomic regions near genes AADACL2 and MIR4458 remained significant following fine mapping. Conclusions Our findings identify potential roles of regulatory miRNA, intergenic non-coding DNA, and intronic non-coding RNA in the biology of ischemic stroke. These findings reveal new molecular targets that promise to help close the current gaps in accurate African ancestry-based genetic stroke’s risk prediction and development of new targeted interventions to prevent or treat stroke.

Fragrant rice has a high market value, and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor. Plantation methods, nitrogen (N) fertilizers, and silicon (Si) fertilizers can affect the grain yield and fragrance of fragrant rice. However, the core commercial rice production attributes, namely the head rice yield (HRY) and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content of fragrant rice, under various nitrogen and silicon (N-Si) fertilization levels and different plantation methods remain unknown. The field experiment in this study was performed in the early seasons of 2018 and 2019 with two popular indica fragrant rice cultivars (Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan). They were grown under six N-Si fertilization treatments (combinations of two levels of Si fertilizer, 0 kg Si ha−1 (Si0) and 150 kg Si ha−1 (Si1), and three levels of N fertilizer, 0 kg N ha−1 (N0), 150 kg N ha−1 (N1), and 220 kg N ha−1 (N2)) and three plantation methods (artificial transplanting (AT), mechanical transplanting (MT), and mechanical direct-seeding (MD)). The results showed that the N-Si fertilization treatments and all the plantation methods significantly affected the HRY and 2-AP content and related parameters of the two different fragrant rice cultivars. Compared with the Si0N0 treatment, the N-Si fertilization treatments resulted in higher HRY and 2-AP contents. The rates of brown rice, milled rice, head rice, and chalky rice of the fragrant rice also improved with the N-Si fertilization treatments. The N-Si fertilization treatments increased the activities of N metabolism enzymes and the accumulation of N and Si in various parts of the fragrant rice, and affected their antioxidant response parameters. The key parameters for the HRY and 2-AP content were assessed by redundancy analysis. Furthermore, the structural equation model revealed that the Si and N accumulation levels indirectly affected the HRY by affecting the N metabolism enzyme activity, N use efficiency, and grain quality of fragrant rice. Moreover, high N and Si accumulation directly promoted the 2-AP content or affected the antioxidant response parameters and indirectly regulated 2-AP synthesis. The interactions of the MT method with the N-Si fertilization treatments varied in the fragrant rice cultivars in terms of the HRY and 2-AP content, whereas the MD method was beneficial to the 2-AP content in both fragrant rice cultivars under the N-Si fertilization treatments.

Cymbidium floribundum is an ornamental plant with showy and colorful flowers. The color of its lip changes significantly after pollination. However, the mechanism of lip coloration remains unclear. In this study, the mechanism underlying lip color change in C. floribundum was investigated before and after pollination. Metabolome analysis detected 61 flavonoids in the lip, including 24 flavonoids, 13 flavonols, nine flavonoid carbonosides, eight anthocyanins, three flavanols, two isoflavones, one chalcone, and one dihydroflavone. Accumulation of peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride, cyanin chloride, and cyanidin 3-O-malonylhexoside after pollination may be the key factors contributing to the change in lip color. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified 43 genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP). Phylogenetic and co-expression analysis indicated that CfMYB1, CfMYB3, and CfMYB4 may be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the lips. Subcellular localization results showed that CfMYB1 was located in the nucleus, while CfMYB3 and CfMYB4 were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Further functional analysis verified that CfMYB1 could activate ABP genes and promote the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin, which may be the main transcription factors leading to the change of lip color in C. floribundum after pollination. These findings provide insight into the anthocyanin accumulation and coloration mechanisms during C. floribundum flower development. The results provide genetic resources and a theoretical basis for the improvement and breeding of flower color in C. floribundum.

The ocean's significance encompasses crucial ecosystem services including climate regulation, oxygen production and food supply. The ocean is also a major player in the global economy. However, human activities continue to harm the ocean, jeopardising these vital functions. In July 2022, the United Nations Ocean Conference adopted a political declaration entitled "Our ocean, our future, our responsibility," emphasising the need for sustainable ocean management and protection. However, an important initial question arises: who are the “Our”? or, rephrased “Whose ocean” is it? This study presents first answers to this question, based on interviews with ocean professionals from diverse backgrounds. Their responses showcased the complexity of the issue, with differing opinions on ocean “ownership” and “control”. Despite the diversity of perspectives, a shared emphasis emerged: shifting from profit-driven decision-making to prioritising marine ecosystem health. Proposed approaches to build a sustainable relationship between people and the ocean include promoting ocean literacy and marine research and ensuring global accountability. These voices offered valuable insights towards ocean sustainability, guiding future academic, educational and policy-making efforts.

Objective To investigate sodium hydrogen sulfide(NaHS) with function of regulating glutathione(GSH) synthesis to reduce reactive oxygen species(ROS) production in type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Mouse cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 was incubated with high concentration of glucose (HG:40 mmol/L) and palmitate (Pal:500 μmol/L) as a cell model of type 2 DCM. HL-1 cells were incubated with NaHS (100 μmol/L), DL-propargylglycin(PPG,1 mmol/L) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine(NAC,5 mmol/L), respectively for 72 hours. The expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase(CSE) and the key enzymes of glutathione production was tested by Western blot. Dihydroethidium(DHE) and dichlorofluoromethane(DCFH) were used to detect the content of ROS in HL-1 cells. Cell viability was detected by CCK8 kit. The content of total GSH was detected. The interaction between muscle specific ring finger protein 1(Murf1) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and Nrf2 ubiquitylation was determined by co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP). Results Compared with control group, the expression level of CSE,solute carrier family 7 members 11(SLC7A11), glutamate cysteine ligase C(GCLC), glutamate cysteine ligase M(GCLM) and glutathione synthetase(GSS) in HL-1 cells treated incubated with high glucose and palmitate was decreased, however, NaHS was found to restore it. NaHS reduced the content of ROS in HL-1 cells treated with high glucose and palmitate. The interaction between murf1 and Nrf2 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP). Compared with NaHS group, the ubiquitylation level of Nrf2 was enhanced in high glucose and palmitate group. Conclusions Sodium hydrosulfide may reduce the ubiquitylation level of Nrf2 and promote the expression of key enzymes of GSH synthesis.

The emergency position reporting system is proposed for disasters using amateur radio and Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) as mobile station operators for unexpected natural disasters after the Internet and mobile communication system infrastructure are destroyed surrounding the disaster areas. In this work, the objectives are to report and receive position information on emergency use with Amateur Radio and APRS as a Mobile Station Operator. The location tracking systems are used with amateur radio devices and implemented with APRS in the act of position reports. The position information is received from the smartphone’s Global Positioning System (GPS) using the offline mode to the APRS via Bluetooth network that is connected to transceivers. The transceiver used the dual-band Yagi antenna 145Mhz/435Mhz called Mobile Station Operator (MSO) as the APRS client using callsign. The MSO collected the location data sent to the Response Station Operator (RSO) that combined with APRS, transceivers, and antenna. The server system allowed data location information monitoring using a valid passcode from a licensed amateur radio operator and used strictly by the servers to validate the connection to the server application.

Objective To investigate the function of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) to regulate mitochondrial fusion/fission in diabetic cardiomyopathy and underlying mechanism. Methods Db/db mice as type 2 diabetes animal model were treated by NaHS. H9C2 cells incubated with glucose (40 mmol/L), palmitic acid (200 μmol/L, Pal) and oleate (200 μmol/L, Ole) were intervened by NaHS (100 μmol/L). H2C9 cells were divided into control, HG+Pal+Ole, HG+Pal+Ole+NaHS and Pal+Ole+DJ-1 siRNA+NaHS groups. The protein level of Mfn2, Fis1, CSE, and DJ-1 was determined by Western blot. Mitotracker staining was used to observe the morphology of mitochondria. The ultra-structural alteration of cardiac tissues was detected by transmission electron microscopy. The cardiac functions were detected by echocardiography. Results Expression of Fis1 was increased (P＜0.05) and expression of Mfn2 was decreased (P＜0.05) in db/db and H9C2 treated by HG+Pal+Ole compared to control group. NaHS could upregulate the expression DJ-1, enhance the expression of Mfn2, and reduce the expression of Fis1. In db/db mice, cardiac systolic function was reduced. Disordered arrangement of myofilament, loss of cristae and mitochondrial fission were observed. NaHS could ameliorate these alterations. Conclusions NaHS may alleviate mitochondria injury by promoting mitochondrial fusion.

Abstract Background Chiloschista (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae) is an epiphytic leafless orchid that is mainly distributed in tropical or subtropical forest canopies. This rare and threatened orchid lacks molecular resources for phylogenetic and barcoding analysis. Therefore, we sequenced and assembled seven complete plastomes of Chiloschista to analyse the plastome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships and conduct a barcoding investigation. Results We are the first to publish seven Chiloschista plastomes, which possessed the typical quadripartite structure and ranged from 143,233 bp to 145,463 bp in size. The plastomes all contained 120 genes, consisting of 74 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. The ndh genes were pseudogenes or lost in the genus, and the genes petG and psbF were under positive selection. The seven Chiloschista plastomes displayed stable plastome structures with no large inversions or rearrangements. A total of 14 small inversions (SIs) were identified in the seven Chiloschista plastomes but were all similar within the genus. Six noncoding mutational hotspots (trnN GUU –rpl32 > rpoB–trnC GCA > psbK–psbI > psaC–rps15 > trnE UUC –trnT GGU > accD–psaI) and five coding sequences (ycf1 > rps15 > matK > psbK > ccsA) were selected as potential barcodes based on nucleotide diversity and species discrimination analysis, which suggested that the potential barcode ycf1 was most suitable for species discrimination. A total of 47–56 SSRs and 11–14 long repeats (> 20 bp) were identified in Chiloschista plastomes, and they were mostly located in the large single copy intergenic region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Chiloschista was monophyletic. It was clustered with Phalaenopsis and formed the basic clade of the subtribe Aeridinae with a moderate support value. The results also showed that seven Chiloschista species were divided into three major clades with full support. Conclusion This study was the first to analyse the plastome characteristics of the genus Chiloschista in Orchidaceae, and the results showed that Chiloschista plastomes have conserved plastome structures. Based on the plastome hotspots of nucleotide diversity, several genes and noncoding regions are suitable for phylogenetic and population studies. Chiloschista may provide an ideal system to investigate the dynamics of plastome evolution and DNA barcoding investigation for orchid studies.

To decipher the interactions between various components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells in a preserved spatial context, a multiparametric approach is essential. In this pursuit, imaging mass cytometry (IMC) emerges as a valuable tool, capable of concurrently analyzing up to 40 parameters at subcellular resolution. In this study, a set of antibodies was selected to spatially resolve multiple cell types and TME elements, including a comprehensive panel targeted at dissecting the heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), a pivotal TME component. This antibody panel was standardized and optimized using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) samples from different organs/lesions known to express the markers of interest. The final composition of the antibody panel was determined based on the performance of conjugated antibodies in both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and IMC. Tissue images were segmented employing the Steinbock framework. Unsupervised clustering of single-cell data was carried out using a bioinformatics pipeline developed in R program. This paper provides a detailed description of the staining procedure and analysis workflow. Subsequently, the panel underwent validation on clinical FFPE samples from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The panel and bioinformatics pipeline established here proved to be robust in characterizing different TME components of HNSCC while maintaining a high degree of spatial detail. The platform we describe shows promise for understanding the clinical implications of TMA heterogeneity in large patient cohorts with FFPE tissues available in diagnostic biobanks worldwide.

The Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors play a pivotal role in governing various aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. Despite the well-established importance of HD-ZIPs in many plants, their functions in Acoraceae, the basal lineage of monocots, remain largely unexplored. Using recently published whole-genome data, we identified 137 putative HD-ZIPs in two Acoraceae species, Acorus gramineus and Acorus calamus. These HD-ZIP genes were further classified into four subfamilies (I, II, III, IV) based on phylogenetic and conserved motif analyses, showcasing notable variations in exon-intron patterns among different subfamilies. Two microRNAs, miR165/166, were found to specifically target HD-ZIP III genes with highly conserved binding sites. Most cis-acting elements identified in the promoter regions of Acoraceae HD-ZIPs are involved in modulating light and phytohormone responsiveness. Furthermore, our study revealed an independent duplication event in Ac. calamus and a one-to-multiple correspondence between HD-ZIP genes of Ac. calamus and Ac. gramineus. Expression profiles obtained from qRT-PCR demonstrated that HD-ZIP I genes are strongly induced by salinity stress, while HD-ZIP II members have contrasting stress responses in two species. HD-ZIP III and IV genes show greater sensitivity in stress-bearing roots. Taken together, these findings contribute valuable insights into the roles of HD-ZIP genes in stress adaptation and plant resilience in basal monocots, illuminating their multifaceted roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress.

Abstract Cardiac arrest is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in the United States. Survival has been historically dependent on high‐quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and rapid defibrillation. However, a large percentage of patients remain in refractory cardiac arrest despite adherence to structured advanced cardiac life support algorithms in which these factors are emphasized. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is becoming an increasingly used rescue therapy for patients in refractory cardiac arrest to restore oxygen delivery by extracorporeal CPR (ECPR). Recently published clinical trials have provided new insights into ECPR for patients who sustain an outside hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In this narrative review, we summarize the rationale for, results of, and remaining questions from these recently published clinical trials. The existing observational data combined with the latest clinical trials suggest ECPR improves mortality in patients in refractory arrest. However, a mixed methods trial is essential to understand the complexity, context, and effectiveness of implementing an ECPR program.

Background: In coronary artery disease (CAD), plaque progression and plaque composition are associated with cardiovascular risk. Whether compositional plaque progression in non-obstructive CAD differs between women and men is less studied. Methods: We included 31 patients (42% women) with chronic non-obstructive CAD from the Norwegian Registry of Invasive Cardiology, undergoing serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) on clinical indication (median inter-scan interval 1.8 [1.5–2.2] years). We performed quantitative and qualitative plaque analysis of all coronary artery segments. Results: Women were older compared to men (65 ± 8 years vs. 55 ± 12 years, p = 0.019), while there was no difference in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking or statin treatment between groups. At baseline, women had a higher total plaque burden, more calcified plaques, and less fibro-fatty and necrotic core plaques compared to men (all p

BackgroundWe aimed to define the clinical and variant spectrum and to provide novel molecular insights into the DHX30-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.MethodsClinical and genetic data from affected individuals were collected through Facebook-based family support group, GeneMatcher, and our network of collaborators. We investigated the impact of novel missense variants with respect to ATPase and helicase activity, stress granule (SG) formation, global translation, and their effect on embryonic development in zebrafish. SG formation was additionally analyzed in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DHX30-deficient HEK293T and zebrafish models, along with in vivo behavioral assays.ResultsWe identified 25 previously unreported individuals, ten of whom carry novel variants, two of which are recurrent, and provide evidence of gonadal mosaicism in one family. All 19 individuals harboring heterozygous missense variants within helicase core motifs (HCMs) have global developmental delay, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and gait abnormalities. These variants impair the ATPase and helicase activity of DHX30, trigger SG formation, interfere with global translation, and cause developmental defects in a zebrafish model. Notably, 4 individuals harboring heterozygous variants resulting either in haploinsufficiency or truncated proteins presented with a milder clinical course, similar to an individual harboring a de novo mosaic HCM missense variant. Functionally, we established DHX30 as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase and as an evolutionary conserved factor in SG assembly. Based on the clinical course, the variant location, and type we establish two distinct clinical subtypes. DHX30 loss-of-function variants cause a milder phenotype whereas a severe phenotype is caused by HCM missense variants that, in addition to the loss of ATPase and helicase activity, lead to a detrimental gain-of-function with respect to SG formation. Behavioral characterization of dhx30-deficient zebrafish revealed altered sleep-wake activity and social interaction, partially resembling the human phenotype.ConclusionsOur study highlights the usefulness of social media to define novel Mendelian disorders and exemplifies how functional analyses accompanied by clinical and genetic findings can define clinically distinct subtypes for ultra-rare disorders. Such approaches require close interdisciplinary collaboration between families/legal representatives of the affected individuals, clinicians, molecular genetics diagnostic laboratories, and research laboratories.

In aircraft panel assembly, the interference fit unevenly distributed along the axial direction of the rivet holes leads to an uneven stress–strain field around the rivet holes. The uneven stress–strain fields of single rivets, when accumulated through multiple rivets, result in overall bending and twisting deformation, severely impacting the assembly coordination quality of the panel. This study introduces a numerical model using a single row of multiple rivets to explore cumulative deformation during both sequential and changing order riveting. The results show that the deformation in sequential riveting is mainly bending-oriented towards the driven head side, with the maximum displacement exhibiting a fluctuating accumulation trend as the number of rivets increase. In contrast, a changing riveting order can lead to a reduction in deformation accumulation. To reveal the technological mechanism behind deformation accumulation during the riveting process, a model correlating to the residual stress field was established. It was indicated that the continuous increase in the maximum equivalent bending moment in the axial section is the primary factor leading to deformation accumulation. Based on this finding, a pre-bending suppression method aimed at reducing the local maximum equivalent bending moment was proposed. Numerical calculations and experimental results showed that the maximum displacement of the specimen was reduced by 73.27%, proving that this method can effectively suppress the cumulative increase in deformation.

The decision-making process of China’s national forest park (NFP) system typically excludes the consideration of the public’s perceived benefits. In this regard, the objective of this study was to elucidate the type of cultural ecosystem benefits (CEB) that NFP can provide and to inform the evidence-based design of forest parks by establishing its linkage to the public’s perceived sensory dimensions (PSD). A CEB evaluation scale was developed for forest parks, and a 6-day public participation GIS (PPGIS) survey was conducted in Fuzhou NFP to collect evaluations of CEB and PSD at different sites from 853 respondents. The findings revealed that the CEB furnished by NFP is comprised of three dimensions. The three dimensions of cultural ecosystem benefits (CEB) are identities, experiences, and capabilities. The impact of different PSDs on CEBs varies, as do the impacts of high and low scores on CEBs for the same PSD. It can be concluded that the creation of more serene and open spaces will result in an increase in the CEB available to the public. Furthermore, designers may wish to consider enhancing single dimensions of PSDs in order to characterize different areas, which may prove to be a more effective approach than enhancing PSDs across the board. In summary, our PPGIS survey is expected to enable community-based governance of the NFP and provide a basis for a comprehensive sustainability dialogue between people and forests.

The TIFY family is a plant-specific gene family that is involved in regulating a variety of plant processes, including developmental and defense responses. The Cymbidium species have certain ornamental and ecological value. However, the characteristics and functions of TIFY genes in Cymbidium remain poorly understood. This study conducted a genome analysis of the TIFY gene family in Cymbidium goeringii, C. ensifolium, and C. sinense and investigated their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and expression patterns under heat stress in C. goeringii. C. goeringii (26), C. ensifolium (19), and C. sinense (21). A total of 66 TIFY genes were identified, and they were classified into four subfamilies (JAZ, ZML, PPD, and TIFY) based on their systematic evolutionary relationships. Sequence analysis showed that TIFYs contained a conserved TIFY domain and that genes within the same subfamily had structural similarity. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements revealed that these genes contain numerous light-responsive elements and stress-responsive elements. We subjected C. goeringii (16 h light/8 h dark) to 24 h of 38 °C high-temperature stress in a climate chamber. Additionally, results from RT-qPCR experiments showed that under heat stress, the expression levels of eight genes in C. goeringii show significant differences. Among them, the JAZ subfamily exhibited the strongest response to heat stress, initially showing upregulation followed by a downregulation trend. In conclusion, this study investigated the role of TIFY genes in three Cymbidium species, providing insights into C. goeringii under heat stress.