10 results on '"Sirba River"'
Search Results
2. Hydrological Web Services for Operational Flood Risk Monitoring and Forecasting at Local Scale in Niger.
- Author
-
De Filippis, Tiziana, Rocchi, Leandro, Massazza, Giovanni, Pezzoli, Alessandro, Rosso, Maurizio, Housseini Ibrahim, Mohamed, and Tarchiani, Vieri
- Subjects
- *
FLOOD warning systems , *WEB services , *SOFTWARE frameworks , *OPERATIONAL risk , *INFORMATION needs , *HYDRAULIC models , *FLOOD risk - Abstract
Emerging hydrological services provide stakeholders and political authorities with useful and reliable information to support the decision-making process and develop flood risk management strategies. Most of these services adopt the paradigm of open data and standard web services, paving the way to increase distributed hydrometeorological services' interoperability. Moreover, sharing of data, models, information, and the use of open-source software, greatly contributes to expanding the knowledge on flood risk and to increasing flood preparedness. Nevertheless, services' interoperability and open data are not common in local systems implemented in developing countries. This paper presents the web platform and related services developed for the Local Flood Early Warning System of the Sirba River in Niger (SLAPIS) to tailor hydroclimatic information to the user's needs, both in content and format. Building upon open-source software components and interoperable web services, we created a software framework covering data capture and storage, data flow management procedures from several data providers, real-time web publication, and service-based information dissemination. The geospatial infrastructure and web services respond to the actual and local decision-making context to improve the usability and usefulness of information derived from hydrometeorological forecasts, hydraulic models, and real-time observations. This paper presents also the results of the three years of operational campaigns for flood early warning on the Sirba River in Niger. Semiautomatic flood warnings tailored and provided to end users bridge the gap between available technology and local users' needs for adaptation, mitigation, and flood risk management, and make progress toward the sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Hydrological Web Services for Operational Flood Risk Monitoring and Forecasting at Local Scale in Niger
- Author
-
Tiziana De Filippis, Leandro Rocchi, Giovanni Massazza, Alessandro Pezzoli, Maurizio Rosso, Mohamed Housseini Ibrahim, and Vieri Tarchiani
- Subjects
interoperability ,web services ,hydrological model ,flood alert ,Sirba River ,early warning system ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Emerging hydrological services provide stakeholders and political authorities with useful and reliable information to support the decision-making process and develop flood risk management strategies. Most of these services adopt the paradigm of open data and standard web services, paving the way to increase distributed hydrometeorological services’ interoperability. Moreover, sharing of data, models, information, and the use of open-source software, greatly contributes to expanding the knowledge on flood risk and to increasing flood preparedness. Nevertheless, services’ interoperability and open data are not common in local systems implemented in developing countries. This paper presents the web platform and related services developed for the Local Flood Early Warning System of the Sirba River in Niger (SLAPIS) to tailor hydroclimatic information to the user’s needs, both in content and format. Building upon open-source software components and interoperable web services, we created a software framework covering data capture and storage, data flow management procedures from several data providers, real-time web publication, and service-based information dissemination. The geospatial infrastructure and web services respond to the actual and local decision-making context to improve the usability and usefulness of information derived from hydrometeorological forecasts, hydraulic models, and real-time observations. This paper presents also the results of the three years of operational campaigns for flood early warning on the Sirba River in Niger. Semiautomatic flood warnings tailored and provided to end users bridge the gap between available technology and local users’ needs for adaptation, mitigation, and flood risk management, and make progress toward the sustainable development goals.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger
- Author
-
Alessandro Pezzoli, Tiziana De Filippis, Maurizio Tiepolo, Valentina De Marchi, Gaptia Lawan Katiellou, Mohamed H. Ibrahim, Leandro Rocchi, Elena Rapisardi, Paolo Tamagnone, Maurizio Rosso, Vieri Tarchiani, and Giovanni Massazza
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,local communities ,TJ807-830 ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy sources ,Early warning system ,Flood risk ,Hydrology ,Rural development ,Sustainable development ,Sirba River ,Niger ,Sahel ,Niger river basin ,GE1-350 ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,early warning ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Warning system ,Flood myth ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Livelihood ,Hazard ,020801 environmental engineering ,Environmental sciences ,Preparedness ,flood risk ,hydrology ,rural development ,Business ,Lead time - Abstract
Floods have recently become a major hazard in West Africa (WA) in terms of both their magnitude and frequency. They affect livelihoods, infrastructure and production systems, hence impacting on Sustainable Development (SD). Early Warning Systems (EWS) for floods that properly address all four EWS components, while also being community and impact-based, do not yet exist in WA. Existing systems address only the main rivers, are conceived in a top-down manner and are hazard-centered. This study on the Sirba river in Niger aims to demonstrate that an operational community and impact-based EWS for floods can be set up by leveraging the existing tools, local stakeholders and knowledge. The main finding of the study is that bridging the gap between top-down and bottom-up approaches is possible by directly connecting the available technical capabilities with the local level through a participatory approach. This allows the beneficiaries to define the rules that will develop the whole system, strengthening their ability to understand the information and take action. Moreover, the integration of hydrological forecasts and observations with the community monitoring and preparedness system provides a lead time suitable for operational decision-making at national and local levels. The study points out the need for the commitment of governments to the transboundary sharing of flood information for EWS and SD.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Downscaling Regional Hydrological Forecast for Operational Use in Local Early Warning: HYPE Models in the Sirba River
- Author
-
Leandro Rocchi, Bernard Minoungou, Vieri Tarchiani, Giovanni Massazza, Abdelmgeid A. Ali, Alessandro Pezzoli, Jafet Andersson, Mohamed H. Ibrahim, David Gustafsson, Maurizio Rosso, and Tiziana De Filippis
- Subjects
model evaluation ,lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0207 environmental engineering ,Forecast skill ,02 engineering and technology ,Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Operational system ,Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,Middle Niger River Basin ,020701 environmental engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,Flood alert ,flood alert ,Flood myth ,Warning system ,Operational availability ,hydrological model ,Sirba River ,floods ,HYPE ,optimization ,early warning system ,SLAPIS ,6. Clean water ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Early warning system ,Water resource management ,Downscaling - Abstract
In the last decades since the dramatic increase in flood frequency and magnitude, floods have become a crucial problem in West Africa. National and international authorities concentrate efforts on developing early warning systems (EWS) to deliver flood alerts and prevent loss of lives and damages. Usually, regional EWS are based on hydrological modeling, while local EWS adopt field observations. This study aims to integrate outputs from two regional hydrological models&mdash, Niger HYPE (NH) and World-Wide HYPE (WWH)&mdash, in a local EWS developed for the Sirba River. Sirba is the major tributary of Middle Niger River Basin and is supported by a local EWS since June 2019. Model evaluation indices were computed with 5-day forecasts demonstrating a better performance of NH (Nash&ndash, Sutcliffe efficiency NSE = 0.58) than WWH (NSE = 0.10) and the need of output optimization. The optimization conducted with a linear regression post-processing technique improves performance significantly to &ldquo, very good&rdquo, for NH (Heidke skill score HSS = 0.53) and &ldquo, good&rdquo, for WWH (HSS = 0.28). HYPE outputs allow to extend local EWS warning lead-time up to 10 days. Since the transfer informatic environment is not yet a mature operational system 10&ndash, 20% of forecasts were unfortunately not produced in 2019, impacting operational availability.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Flood Hazard Scenarios of the Sirba River (Niger): Evaluation of the Hazard Thresholds and Flooding Areas
- Author
-
Maurizio Tiepolo, Catherine Wilcox, Paolo Tamagnone, Mohamed H. Ibrahim, Maurizio Rosso, Vieri Tarchiani, Théo Vischel, Elena Belcore, Alessandro Pezzoli, Giovanni Massazza, and Gérémy Panthou
- Subjects
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,non-stationarity ,hydraulic numerical model ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Aquatic Science ,Hazard analysis ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,Sahel ,Tributary ,Middle Niger River Basin ,Sirba River, Sahel, Flood hazard, Hazard threshold, Non-stationarity, Rating curvves, Hydraulic numerical model, Early warning system ,rating curves ,Water Science and Technology ,geography ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,HEC-RAS ,Flood myth ,Warning system ,flood hazard ,Flooding (psychology) ,Sirba River ,Hazard ,Rating curvves ,Early Warning System ,hazard threshold ,Environmental science ,Early warning system ,Water resource management - Abstract
In Sahelian countries, a vast number of people are still affected every year by flood despite the efforts to prevent or mitigate these catastrophic events. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the incessant population growth and the increase of extreme natural events. Hence, the development of flood management strategies such as flood hazard mapping and Early Warning Systems has become a crucial objective for the affected nations. This study presents a comprehensive hazard assessment of the Nigerien reach of the Sirba River, the main tributary Middle Niger River. Hazard thresholds were defined both on hydrological analysis and field effects, according to national guidelines. Non-stationary analyses were carried out to consider changes in the hydrological behavior of the Sirba basin over time. Data from topographical land surveys and discharge gauges collected during the 2018 dry and wet seasons were used to implement the hydraulic numerical model of the analyzed reach. The use of the proposed hydraulic model allowed the delineation of flood hazard maps as well the calculation of the flood propagation time from the upstream hydrometric station and the validation of the rating curves of the two gauging sites. These significative outcomes will allow the implementation of the Early Warning System for the river flood hazard and risk reduction plans preparation for each settlement.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Hydrology of the Sirba River: Updating and Analysis of Discharge Time Series
- Author
-
Alessandro Pezzoli, Paolo Tamagnone, Giovanni Massazza, and Maurizio Rosso
- Subjects
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0207 environmental engineering ,Climate change ,02 engineering and technology ,Land cover ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Hydrology (agriculture) ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,Streamflow ,Sahel ,Middle Niger River Basin ,Flood mitigation ,rating curves ,020701 environmental engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Series (stratigraphy) ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,Flood myth ,Land use ,Sirba River ,floods ,Environmental science ,Physical geography ,discharge time series - Abstract
The Sahelian regions are affected by an increasing number of catastrophic floods in recent years as a consequence of climate and land use/land cover changes. River flow data is key to understanding river behavior and develop flood mitigation and prevention strategies. The present study provides a revision and an update of the existing discharge dataset of the Sirba River with the aim of enhancing the reliability of these data. The revision also includes the recalibration of the Garbey Kourou rating curves. The analysis of the revised discharge time series strengthens the previous findings, evidencing a positive trend in flood frequency and intensity over the entire analyzed period of 1956–2018. This positive trend is more pronounced for the last 40 years due to a significant underestimation of the rating curves used. A relevant finding is a new changepoint in the time series, detected for 2008, which represents the beginning of the period in which the highest flood magnitudes were registered. The effect of land use/land cover changes and climate changes on the water resource is depicted using flow duration curves. This research produces a revised and more reliable discharge time series that will be a new starting point for future hydrological analyses.
- Published
- 2019
8. Downscaling Regional Hydrological Forecast for Operational Use in Local Early Warning: HYPE Models in the Sirba River.
- Author
-
Massazza, Giovanni, Tarchiani, Vieri, Andersson, Jafet C. M., Ali, Abdou, Ibrahim, Mohamed Housseini, Pezzoli, Alessandro, De Filippis, Tiziana, Rocchi, Leandro, Minoungou, Bernard, Gustafsson, David, and Rosso, Maurizio
- Subjects
HYDROLOGICAL forecasting ,DOWNSCALING (Climatology) ,WATERSHEDS ,RIVERS ,WARNINGS - Abstract
In the last decades since the dramatic increase in flood frequency and magnitude, floods have become a crucial problem in West Africa. National and international authorities concentrate efforts on developing early warning systems (EWS) to deliver flood alerts and prevent loss of lives and damages. Usually, regional EWS are based on hydrological modeling, while local EWS adopt field observations. This study aims to integrate outputs from two regional hydrological models—Niger HYPE (NH) and World-Wide HYPE (WWH)—in a local EWS developed for the Sirba River. Sirba is the major tributary of Middle Niger River Basin and is supported by a local EWS since June 2019. Model evaluation indices were computed with 5-day forecasts demonstrating a better performance of NH (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency NSE = 0.58) than WWH (NSE = 0.10) and the need of output optimization. The optimization conducted with a linear regression post-processing technique improves performance significantly to "very good" for NH (Heidke skill score HSS = 0.53) and "good" for WWH (HSS = 0.28). HYPE outputs allow to extend local EWS warning lead-time up to 10 days. Since the transfer informatic environment is not yet a mature operational system 10–20% of forecasts were unfortunately not produced in 2019, impacting operational availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Flood Hazard Scenarios of the Sirba River (Niger): Evaluation of the Hazard Thresholds and Flooding Areas.
- Author
-
Massazza, Giovanni, Tamagnone, Paolo, Wilcox, Catherine, Belcore, Elena, Pezzoli, Alessandro, Vischel, Theo, Panthou, Gérémy, Housseini Ibrahim, Mohamed, Tiepolo, Maurizio, Tarchiani, Vieri, and Rosso, Maurizio
- Subjects
FLOODS ,POPULATION ,HYDROLOGY ,HYDRAULIC models ,HYDRAULIC measurements - Abstract
In Sahelian countries, a vast number of people are still affected every year by flood despite the efforts to prevent or mitigate these catastrophic events. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the incessant population growth and the increase of extreme natural events. Hence, the development of flood management strategies such as flood hazard mapping and Early Warning Systems has become a crucial objective for the affected nations. This study presents a comprehensive hazard assessment of the Nigerien reach of the Sirba River, the main tributary Middle Niger River. Hazard thresholds were defined both on hydrological analysis and field effects, according to national guidelines. Non-stationary analyses were carried out to consider changes in the hydrological behavior of the Sirba basin over time. Data from topographical land surveys and discharge gauges collected during the 2018 dry and wet seasons were used to implement the hydraulic numerical model of the analyzed reach. The use of the proposed hydraulic model allowed the delineation of flood hazard maps as well the calculation of the flood propagation time from the upstream hydrometric station and the validation of the rating curves of the two gauging sites. These significative outcomes will allow the implementation of the Early Warning System for the river flood hazard and risk reduction plans preparation for each settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Hydrology of the Sirba River: Updating and Analysis of Discharge Time Series.
- Author
-
Tamagnone, Paolo, Massazza, Giovanni, Pezzoli, Alessandro, and Rosso, Maurizio
- Subjects
WATERSHEDS ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,HYDROLOGY ,RUNOFF - Abstract
The Sahelian regions are affected by an increasing number of catastrophic floods in recent years as a consequence of climate and land use/land cover changes. River flow data is key to understanding river behavior and develop flood mitigation and prevention strategies. The present study provides a revision and an update of the existing discharge dataset of the Sirba River with the aim of enhancing the reliability of these data. The revision also includes the recalibration of the Garbey Kourou rating curves. The analysis of the revised discharge time series strengthens the previous findings, evidencing a positive trend in flood frequency and intensity over the entire analyzed period of 1956–2018. This positive trend is more pronounced for the last 40 years due to a significant underestimation of the rating curves used. A relevant finding is a new changepoint in the time series, detected for 2008, which represents the beginning of the period in which the highest flood magnitudes were registered. The effect of land use/land cover changes and climate changes on the water resource is depicted using flow duration curves. This research produces a revised and more reliable discharge time series that will be a new starting point for future hydrological analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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