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Critical levels (CL) of available potassium (K) in soils and leaves and maximum technical efficiency (MTE) doses are relevant information to define the best K fertilization strategies. The aim of this study was to determine reference values of K in leaves and soil, using Bayesian analysis, in order to maximize grape yield and must quality of ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ grown in a subtropical climate. The vines were subjected to applications of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg K2O ha−1 year−1. The CL and MTE doses of K, in leaves and soils, were determined using Bayesian hierarchical models. The range of probability of the occurrence of CL in leaves was 15.8 to 18.9 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.8 to 19.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at flowering. Moreover, the range was 15.3 to 18.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.1 to 18.2 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at veraison. In the soil, the CL of available K for ‘Chardonnay’ was 27.4 mg K kg−1 and for ‘Pinot Noir’ it was 23.2 mg K kg−1. The increase of K in leaves and soil increased the TSS, while the TTA decreased in both cultivars after sufficiency rate. The MTE was estimated in ‘Pinot Noir’. The proposition of CL and/or MTE doses of K can help increase the efficiency of K fertilization in vineyards.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:45:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 We aimed to evaluate indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) feed concentration after cattle, goat, and sheep ruminal incubation, compare results with different estimate methods and connect with chemical analysis data. Four forages (corn silage, sugarcane, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Marandu, and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), two concentrates (ground corn and soybean meal), a by-product (soybean hull), and three fecal samples (cattle, goat, and sheep) were incubated in Nellore steers, dry Saanen goats and Santa Inês sheep. Animals were previously adapted to the experimental diet for eight days, and incubation was performed for 240 hours. The concentration of iNDF was higher when samples were incubated in goat rumen compared with samples incubated in the rumen of cattle. Sheep ruminal incubation increased forages and tended to increase concentrate and by-product iNDF concentration, relative to cattle ruminal incubation. Moreover, sheep and goat ruminal incubation result in similar feed iNDF concentration. Besides, cattle feces had a higher level, and goat feces had lower iNDF levels than sheep feces. The CNCPS underestimated iNDF feed concentration. Estimates of uNDF from Conrad et al. (1984) were lower than iNDF level of sugarcane and higher than iNDF level of P. maximum and concentrates. In general, lignin concentration was the primary composition data related to the iNDF level. However, ADF was the best for forages (R2 = 0.668), and NDF was better for concentrates (R2 = 0.454). In conclusion, digestive process of different species affects iNDF feed concentration. The bias of models was considerable, and feed characteristics affect chemical composition and iNDF level. São Paulo State University School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Department of Animal Science University of São Paulo School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Production and Nutrition Federal University of Pampa Itaqui Campus São Paulo State University School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Department of Animal Science

The article main article’s aim is to show that Fit for Purpose (FFP), with low costs and simple methods, that diminishes time spend to one of the most difficult aspects of Land Administration, mostly in developing countries: the titling of the informal landholders. The article will start showing why land titling is one of the main problems for land administration. The next item will show, based on literature some existing estimations of the costs of titling informal landholders. The fourth item will show that it is possible to diminish the costs and its possible to reduce the time for titling, based on some cases that used the Fit for Purpose methodology to give out titles to small landowners in several places of the world. The conclusions will wrap up showing the main steps to reduce the costs and the time in titling landholders.

The χT parameter, a simplified method recently presented, allows to estimate the global second-order effects on reinforced concrete frames using the natural period of vibration. This parameter was developed based on the fact that both natural period of vibration and global second-order effects depend essentially on the stiffness and mass matrices of the structure, being thus related. In this paper, numerical analyses are conducted on nine models with different patterns of irregularity in terms of geometry in plan and stiffness. The main purpose of these analyses is to evaluate the applicability of the χT parameter in asymmetric structures as well as that can present torsional modes as the fundamental mode of vibration. In addition, different hypotheses are tested in order to verify the influence of the different modes of vibration in the structural sensitivity to global second-order effects. Results of the simplified analyses were compared to the final bending moment values obtained through a nonlinear numerical analysis considering the P-Δ effect. It is observed that the parameter χT is a promising indicator for a simplified estimation of the global second-order effects for concrete frames, especially when higher modes of vibration are taken account in the analysis. Resumo O parâmetro χT, recentemente apresentado na literatura técnica, permite utilizar o período natural de vibração da estrutura para estimar os efeitos globais de segunda ordem em pórticos de concreto armado. Esse parâmetro foi desenvolvido a partir da observação de que os efeitos de segunda ordem e o período natural de vibração dependem essencialmente da matriz de massa e rigidez da estrutura, estando, portanto, relacionados. Neste trabalho são realizadas análises numéricas em nove modelos de geometrias com diferentes padrões de irregularidades em planta e em termos de rigidez, com o intuito de avaliar a aplicabilidade do parâmetro χT em estruturas que possuem geometrias assimétricas e que possam apresentar modo fundamental de vibração do tipo torcional. Além disso, diferentes hipóteses são testadas para utilização desse parâmetro com o propósito de verificar a influência dos diferentes modos de vibração das estruturas na sensibilidade aos efeitos globais de segunda ordem. Os resultados das análises simplificadas foram comparados aos valores de momentos finais obtidos através de analises numéricas não lineares, considerando o efeito P-Δ. Observa-se que o parâmetro χT apresenta-se como um promissor indicativo para estimativa dos efeitos globais de segunda ordem, principalmente quando os seus modos de vibração superiores são levados em consideração na análise.

This study investigated the long-term effects (13 months) of encapsulated nitrate supplementation (ENS) on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation parameters, ruminal bacteria, and diversity of archaea in grazing beef cattle. We used a total of thirty-two Nellore steers (initial BW of 197 15.3 kg), 12 of which were fitted with rumen cannulas. For 13 months, the animals were maintained in 12 paddocks and fed a concentrate of ground corn, soybean meals, mineral supplements, and urea (URS) or encapsulated nitrate (EN) containing 70 g of EN/100 kg of BW (corresponding to 47 g NO3/100 kg BW). Encapsulated nitrate supplementation resulted in similar forage, supplement and total DMI values as URS (P > 0.05), but ENS tended to increase (C48 g/d; P = 0.055) average daily weight gain. Daily reductions in methane emissions (- 9.54 g or 18.5%) were observed with ENS when expressed as g of CH4/kg of forage dry matter intake (fDMI) (P = 0.037). Lower concentrations of NH3-N and a higher ruminal pH were observed in ENS groups 6 h after supplementation (P < 0.05). Total VFA rumen concentration 6 h (P = 0.009) and 12 h after supplementation with EN resulted in lower acetate concentrations in the rumen (P = 0.041). Steers supplemented with EN had a greater ruminal abundance of Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Lactobacillus, Selenomonas, Veillonella, Succinimonas, Succinivibrio, and Duganella sp. (P < 0.05), but a lower abundance of Methanobrevibacter sp. (P = 0.007). Strong negative correlations were found between daily methane emissions and Proteobacteria, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Roseburia, Kandleria, Selenomonas, Veillonella, and Succinivibrio sp. (P < 0.05) in the rumen of ENS steers. Encapsulated nitrate is a feed additive that persistently affects enteric methane emission in grazing steers, thereby decreasing Methanobrevibacter abundance in the rumen. In addition, ENS can promote fumarate-reducer and lactateproducer bacteria, thereby reducing acetate production during rumen fermentation. Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-04T00:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LongTermEncapsulatedNitrate.pdf: 1790497 bytes, checksum: b5e164fe2868e24522d7b40002bb8cdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Simira robusta (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Rainforest of the Espirito Santo state, south-eastern Brazil, is here described and illustrated, and compared with similar species. It most resembles S. grazielae, from which it differs by the larger inflorescences, antrorse pubescent flowers and fruits, and by its larger fruits. Its habitat and conservation status are discussed. A key to the species of Simira from Espirito Santo state is provided.

The separation of nanofibers from carrot juice residue and their reinforcing potential is demonstrated. Morphological properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and specific surface area (SSA) measurements showed that carrot nanofibers (CNF) have maintained the crystalline structure of native cellulose, while presenting a SSA as high as 246 m²·g⁻¹ and diameters between 3 and 36 nm. CNF could be redispersed in water after drying, giving nanofibers with SSA and diameter comparable to properties of initial never-dried CNF. Finally, we propose possible uses of CNF either as strong nanopaper with excellent mechanical properties, i.e. modulus of 13.3 GPa and strength of 175 MPa, or as reinforcing phase in polymer matrices (CAB). Interesting properties of carrot nanofibers in terms of their possible transport and use from the dry state, as well as their remarkable mechanical properties afforded to nanopaper and nanocomposites may promote their use in environmentally benign constituent in industrial applications.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T15:56:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T16:28:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000345506200035.pdf: 792941 bytes, checksum: 7813d42d23ca55723209a0e6da9d95c4 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study aimed to examine the effects of feeding corn silage inoculated without or with either Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) alone or a combination of LB and Lactobacillus plantarum (LBLP) on the apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and growth performance of lambs. Thirty Santa Ines x Dorper crossbred intact males lambs weighing 20.4 +/- 3.8 kg were blocked by weight into 10 groups. Lambs in each group were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 dietary treatments: untreated (Control), LB, and LBLP silage. Lambs were fed experimental diets for 61 d. The apparent digestibility was indirectly estimated from indigestible NDF measured on d 57 to 59. Spot urine samples were collected from all animals on d 59 to estimate microbial protein synthesis. Lambs were slaughtered for carcass evaluation on d 61 when they weighed 32.4 +/- 5.2 kg. Six additional ruminally cannulated Santa Ines x Dorper crossbred wethers weighing 40.5 +/- 1.8 kg were used to examine dietary effects on ruminal fermentation. Average daily gain was increased when lambs were fed LBLP silage (P < 0.05) but not LB silage. The LBLP silage had the highest (P < 0.05) lactic acid concentration and both inoculated silages had greater acetic acid concentrations than the Control silage (P < 0.05). Inoculation of corn silage increased intakes of DM, OM, CP, NDF, total carbohydrate (CHO), and GE by the lambs but decreased digestibility of DM, OM, CP, total and nonstructural carbohydrates, and concentration of GE and ME. (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, lambs fed inoculated silages had greater microbial N supply than those on the Control treatment (P < 0.05). The acetate to propionate ratio was lower in ruminal fluid of wethers in LBLP treatment than LB and Control treatment (P < 0.05) and ruminal pH tended to be greater in LB lambs than in LBLP and Control wethers (P < 0.10). Finally, the inoculation with both bacteria combined enhanced the silage fermentation. The intakes of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and GE were improved in the lambs fed corn silage inoculated with L. buchneri alone or combined with L. plantarum. The microbial N supply was enhanced in the lambs fed corn silage inoculated with L. buchneri. The inoculation of L. buchneri combined with L. plantarum reduced the acetate to propionate ratio in ruminal fluid and improved the ADG of lambs. Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, BR-14883900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Sao Paulo Agcy Agribusiness Technol Alta Mogiana, BR-14770000 Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, BR-14883900 Sao Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a variabilidade espacial e relação entre características dendrométricas de Hevea brasiliensis e de atributos físicos do solo. As medições foram realizadas em uma área de 10 ha cultivada com seringueira no Centro Experimental Central do Instituto Agronômico ? IAC (Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil). As árvores de Hevea brasiliensis [(Willd. ex Adr. To Juss.) Müell. Arg.] foram plantadas em 1992 com espaçamento de 3 m x 7 m. As amostragens foram realizadas em 232 pontos com espaçamento de 20 m x 20 m. As características dendrométricas e os atributos físicos avaliados foram: o diâmetro na altura do peito (Diâmetro, m), a altura das árvores (Altura, m), a condutividade hidráulica saturada (Kθ, m dia-1) e a resistência do solo à penetração (RP, MPa). As características dendrométricas de seringueira e os atributos físicos do solo apresentaram grau de dependência espacial moderado-baixo; Os valores de efeito pepita (C0) demonstram que as características dendrométricas das árvores de seringueira (diâmetro e altura) apresentam menor descontinuidade espacial que os atributos físicos do solo (condutividade hidráulica e resistência do solo à penetração); As características dendrométricas das árvores de seringueira (diâmetro e altura) apresentam maior estabilidade espacial ao longo do tempo que os atributos físicos do solo, que são mais susceptíveis ao processo de manejo e as características do solo e clima.