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Abstract This study evaluated the survival probabilities of two lithia-based glass-ceramics after final crystallization in a microwave furnace using conventional crystallization as a reference. Disc-shaped samples of a lithium silicate (LS, Celtra Duo) and a lithium disilicate (LD, e.max CAD) were prepared and divided into two groups according to the crystallization method (n = 30): microwave (M) or conventional furnaces (C). The biaxial flexural strength test was used to determine the fatigue test profile and its parameters. Then, specimens were submitted to an accelerated life test (step stress) using three profile levels – mild, moderate, and aggressive – varying the load increments and the number of cycles until fracture (4 Hz). Survival data were used to calculate Weibull’s beta (β) value and reliability of the assigned missions. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze surface morphology, fracture characteristics, and failure patterns. Beta (β) values for the LS-C, LS-M, LD-C, and LD-M groups were 2.65, 0.25, 0.62, and 0.3, respectively. Similar reliability was observed in all groups after 50,000 cycles at 100 and 150 Mpa. At 200 Mpa, the crystallization method did not affect the reliability within LS or LD. However, LD showed greater reliability than LS when crystallized by microwave energy. Thus, microwave energy can be suggested as an alternative to the process of conventional lithia-based glass-ceramics crystallization without damaging their survival probabilities.

Dengue is a disease with a high-impact on public health worldwide. Many researches have focused on the cell receptors involved in its pathogenesis. The role of soluble isoforms of DC-SIGN (Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Non-integrin) receptor in the process of Dengue Virus (DENV) infection is not well understood. This work proposes to evaluate changes in the infection process of Immature Dendritic Cells (iDCs) by DENV in the presence of DC-SIGN recombinant soluble isoforms 8, 10, and 12. The recombinant isoforms were built by heterologous expression, the DENV-2 was multiplied in the Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells and quantified in BHK-21 cells, and the iDCs were produced from the THP-1 strain. Infection assays were performed in the presence of iDCs, DENV-2, and isoforms 8, 10, and 12 separately at 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL. The final viral load was estimated by qPCR and statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests. The iDC profile was confirmed by increasing expression of CD11c, CD86, and CD209 surface markers and maintaining CD14 expression. Infection assays demonstrated a 23-fold increase in DENV viral load in the presence of isoforms 8 and 10 at 100 ng/mL compared to the viral control (p < 0.05), while isoform 12 did not alter the viral load. It was possible to conclude that at 100 ng/mL isoforms (8 and 10) can interact with DENV, increasing viral infection, and potentially acting as opsonins.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is involved in the etiology of serious nervous system pathologies. Currently, there are no specific and effective vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent the diseases caused by ZIKV. This study aimed to assess the activity of flavonoids present in crude hydroethanolic extract (CHE) and fractions obtained from B. holophylla leaves against ZIKV. O-glycosylated flavonoids were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). The cytotoxic concentration and the effective concentration for 50% of the cells (CC50 and EC50, respectively) were determined, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated. Molecular networks were constructed based on the chemical composition of the samples and global antiviral activity data using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. Protein–ligand docking was performed in the NS2B-NS3 protease, NS3 helicase, and NS5 methyltransferase of the ZIKV. CHE showed greater antiviral activity at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.0, with an EC50 of 11.93 µg/mL, SI = 13.38, and reduced cytopathic effects. Molecular networks indicated that O-glycosylated flavonoids are responsible for the activity against ZIKV, being quercetin-O-deoxyhexoside more selective and effective. Molecular docking confirmed the inhibitory activity of quercetin-O-deoxyhexoside, which showed an affinity for the tested targets, especially for NS2B-NS3 protease. The results showed that B. holophylla has flavonoids with potential for future therapeutic applications against ZIKV.

ABSTRACT Carbon flows into and out of the soil are important processes that contribute to controlling the global climate. The relationship between soil organisms and the climate is interdependent since the organisms that contribute to carbon and greenhouse gas fluxes are simultaneously affected by climate change and soil management. Temperature, soil moisture, pH, nutrient level, redox potential and organic matter quality are key elements affecting the microorganisms involved in organic carbon flows in the soil. Climate, topography (slope and position in the landscape), soil texture, soil mineralogy and land-use regulate those key elements and, thus, the C fluxes in the pedosphere. Soil microbes can increase carbon influx and storage by promoting plant growth, mycorrhizal establishment, and particle aggregation. Conversely, microorganisms contribute to carbon efflux from the soil via methanogenesis, rhizospheric activity, and organic carbon mineralization. Nevertheless, strategies and management practices could be used to balance out carbon emissions to the atmosphere. For example, carbon influx and storage in the soil can be stimulated by plant growth promoting microorganisms, greater plant diversity via crop rotation and cover crops, cultivating mycotrophic plants, avoiding or reducing the use of fungicides and adopting organic farming, no-tillage crop systems and conservative soil management strategies. Therefore, this review aimed to shed light on how soil microorganisms can contribute to increase C influxes to the soil, and its significance for climate change. Then, we also seek to gather the practical actions proposed in the scientific literature to improve carbon sequestration and storage in the soil. In summary, the review provides a comprehensive basis on soil microorganisms as key to carbon fluxes and helpers to lessen climate change by increasing carbon fixation and storage in agroecosystems via stimulation or application of beneficial microorganisms.

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) recomenda a análise dos casos de morbidade materna severa/near miss materno como complemento às análises das mortes de mães, dado que a incidência é mais elevada e os fatores preditivos dos dois desfechos são semelhantes. Tendo em vista que as razões de mortalidade materna, no Brasil, têm se mantido constantes apesar do compromisso firmado durante a Assembleia Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), em 2015, o objetivo deste artigo é propor um sistema nacional de vigilância de near miss materno. Propõe-se a inclusão dos eventos near miss materno na Lista Nacional de Notificação Compulsória de Doenças, Agravos e Eventos de Saúde Pública, por meio da compatibilização dos critérios diagnósticos de near miss materno, informados pela OMS, com os códigos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) para identificação dos casos. Tendo em vista que a vigilância em saúde se faz baseada em diversas fontes de informações, a notificação poderia ser feita pelos profissionais dos serviços de saúde tão logo fosse identificado um caso confirmado ou suspeito. A partir do estudo dos fatores associados aos desfechos, espera-se a avaliação mais qualificada dos serviços voltados à assistência obstétrica e consequente implementação de políticas mais eficientes de prevenção não apenas do óbito materno, mas de eventos que podem tanto causar sequelas irreversíveis à saúde da mulher quanto aumento do risco de óbito fetal e neonatal.

IntroductionBees capable of performing floral sonication (or buzz-pollination) are among the most effective pollinators of blueberries. However, the quality of pollination provided varies greatly among species visiting the flowers. Consequently, the correct identification of flower visitors becomes indispensable to distinguishing the most efficient pollinators of blueberry. However, taxonomic identification normally depends on microscopic characteristics and the active participation of experts in the decision-making process. Moreover, the many species of bees (20,507 worldwide) and other insects are a challenge for a decreasing number of insect taxonomists. To overcome the limitations of traditional taxonomy, automatic classification systems of insects based on Machine-Learning (ML) have been raised for detecting and distinguishing a wide variety of bioacoustic signals, including bee buzzing sounds. Despite that, classical ML algorithms fed by spectrogram-type data only reached marginal performance for bee ID recognition. On the other hand, emerging systems from Deep Learning (DL), especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have provided a substantial boost to classification performance in other audio domains, but have yet to be tested for acoustic bee species recognition tasks. Therefore, we aimed to automatically identify blueberry pollinating bee species based on characteristics of their buzzing sounds using DL algorithms.MethodsWe designed CNN models combined with Log Mel-Spectrogram representations and strong data augmentation and compared their performance at recognizing blueberry pollinating bee species with the current state-of-the-art models for automatic recognition of bee species.Results and DiscussionWe found that CNN models performed better at assigning bee buzzing sounds to their respective taxa than expected by chance. However, CNN models were highly dependent on acoustic data pre-training and data augmentation to outperform classical ML classifiers in recognizing bee buzzing sounds. Under these conditions, the CNN models could lead to automating the taxonomic recognition of flower-visiting bees of blueberry crops. However, there is still room to improve the performance of CNN models by focusing on recording samples for poorly represented bee species. Automatic acoustic recognition associated with the degree of efficiency of a bee species to pollinate a particular crop would result in a comprehensive and powerful tool for recognizing those that best pollinate and increase fruit yields.

(1) Background: to propose a new approach for crown veneers, with the use of an aesthetic porcelain coating, only in part of the zirconia infrastructure, and to analyze its biomechanical behavior to minimize chipping failures. (2) Methods: a maxillary molar was modeled using CAD software, preparing for traditional crowns and veneer crowns with various lengths. Five groups were formed: M—control group (monolithic crown of ultra-translucent zirconia); B—conventional (bilayer crown of ultra-translucent zirconia and ceramic covering); V—veneer (ultra-translucent zirconia crown with reduction only in the buccal and application of covering ceramics); V1—ultra-translucent zirconia crown with buccal reduction and 1 mm occlusal extension for covering ceramic application); V1.5—ultra-translucent zirconia crown with buccal reduction and 1.5 mm occlusal extension for application of covering ceramics. A load of 600 N was performed axially to a fossa bottom to simulate parafunction, and 300 N to the cusp tip to obtain the maximum principal stress results. (3) Results: group B showed a higher stress concentration in the occlusal region of the restorations, while the other groups absorbed the stress and dissipated it throughout the crown, presenting a higher stress concentration in the interface region with the tooth. (4) Conclusion: the highly translucent zirconia ceramic only associated with buccal covering ceramic could add aesthetic gain and rigidity to the system and could be a good option to restore maxillary molars in patients who do not have parafunction.

A hanseníase é uma doença de forte impacto na saúde pública brasileira, tanto pela dificuldade no diagnóstico, por parte dos profissionais de saúde, como pela possibilidade de recidiva anos após a apresentação inicial da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos pacientes com casos de hanseníase no município de Sobral-CE, entre o período de 2012 a 2018, com análise especial para os casos de recidiva da doença. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do município. Foram evidenciados 42 casos de hanseníase recidivante no período estudado, sendo mais da metade destes ocorridos em pessoas com faixa etária entre 41 e 70 anos de idade. Houve maior predominância de reincidência em pessoas do sexo feminino, da raça parda e com menor nível de escolaridade. A grande parte das recidivas foram classificadas como multibacilar e as formas clínicas predominantes foram dimorfa e virchowiana. Conclui-se que o perfil epidemiológico foi composto, em sua maioria, por pacientes de faixa etária mais avançada, raça parda e com baixa escolaridade. O perfil clínico predominante de doentes na recidiva foi com a forma multibacilar. Tais dados foram congruentes com os obtidos na literatura. Além disso, existe uma importante parcela de dados que não foi notificada corretamente no SINAN, dificultando a confiabilidade das informações.

This study evaluated the effect of the extract and fractions of Bauhinia holophylla on Candida albicans planktonic growth, biofilm formation, mature biofilm, and hyphae growth. Three C. albicans strains (SC5314, ATCC 18804, and ATCC 10231) were tested. The crude extract and the fractions were obtained by exhaustive percolation and liquid–liquid partition, respectively. Phytochemical analyses of B. holophylla extract and fractions were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS). A microdilution assay was used to evaluate the effect of the B. holophylla extract and fractions on C. albicans planktonic growth, and crystal violet staining was used to measure the total biomass of the biofilm. Hyphae growth was analyzed using light microscopy. Thirteen flavonoids were identified, with a predominance of the flavonol-3-O-glycoside type based on quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. Flavonoid-rich fractions of B. holophylla leaves displayed antifungal activity and inhibited both biofilm formation and hyphae growth in all the tested strains, but were not effective on C. albicans planktonic growth and mature biofilm. This study indicates that flavonoid-rich fractions from B. holophylla leaves interfere with the virulence of Candida species and support the use of Bauhinia spp. in folk medicine to treat infections.

Plant lignocellulosic biomass, mostly composed of polysaccharide-rich secondary cell walls (SCWs), provides fermentable sugars that may be used to produce biofuels and biomaterials. However, the complex chemical composition and physical structure of SCWs hinder efficient processing of plant biomass. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SCW deposition is, thus, essential to optimize bioenergy feedstocks. Here, we establish a xylogenic culture as a model system to study SCW deposition in sugarcane; the first of its kind in a C4 grass species. We used auxin and brassinolide to differentiate sugarcane suspension cells into tracheary elements, which showed metaxylem-like reticulate or pitted SCW patterning. The differentiation led to increased lignin levels, mainly caused by S-lignin units, and a rise in p-coumarate, leading to increased p-coumarate:ferulate ratios. RNAseq analysis revealed massive transcriptional reprogramming during differentiation, with upregulation of genes associated with cell wall biogenesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism and downregulation of genes related to cell division and primary metabolism. To better understand the differentiation process, we constructed regulatory networks of transcription factors and SCW-related genes based on co-expression analyses. Accordingly, we found multiple regulatory modules that may underpin SCW deposition in sugarcane. Our results provide important insights and resources to identify biotechnological strategies for sugarcane biomass optimization.

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de resiliência em idosos comunitários e sua relação com o apoio social e a satisfação com a vida. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 159 idosos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio das escalas de Resiliência, Apoio Social e Satisfação com a vida. Resultados: apresentaram baixa resiliência os idosos do sexo feminino, com idade mais avançada, que não sabem ler e escrever, solteiros, residem sozinho, não trabalham, recebem até um salário mínimo, estão insatisfeitos com a vida e apresentam alto apoio social. Os idosos insatisfeitos tem 4,72 vezes mais probabilidade de apresentar baixo nível de resiliência. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a resiliência e o apoio social (p=0,022) e entre satisfação com a vida e a resiliência (p=0,000). Conclusão: a resiliência esteve relacionada com o apoio social e satisfação com a vida. ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of resilience in older community members, and its relationship with social support and life satisfaction. Method: in this cross-sectional study of 159 older adults, data were obtained using Resilience, Social Support and Life Satisfaction scales. Results: low resilience was found in older adults who were female, older, single, lived alone, could not read and write, did not work, received up to 1 minimum wage, were dissatisfied with life, and had strong social support. Resilience was 4.72 times more likely to be low in dissatisfied older adults. Positive correlations were found between resilience and social support (p = 0.022), and between life satisfaction and resilience (p = 0.000). Conclusion: resilience was related to social support and life satisfaction. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de la resiliencia en los miembros mayores de la comunidad y su relación con el apoyo social y la satisfacción con la vida. Método: en este estudio transversal de 159 adultos mayores, los datos se obtuvieron mediante escalas de Resiliencia, Apoyo Social y Satisfacción con la Vida. Resultados: se encontró baja resiliencia en adultos mayores que eran mujeres, mayores, solteros, vivían solos, no sabían leer ni escribir, no trabajaban, recibían hasta 1 salario mínimo, estaban insatisfechos con la vida y tenían un fuerte apoyo social. La resiliencia tenía 4,72 veces más probabilidades de ser baja en los adultos mayores insatisfechos. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre resiliencia y apoyo social (p = 0.022), y entre satisfacción con la vida y resiliencia (p = 0.000). Conclusión: la resiliencia se relacionó con el apoyo social y la satisfacción con la vida.

Introdução: As cerâmicas odontológicas têm sido utilizadas como materiais restauradores desde 1770 por apresentarem propriedades estéticas semelhantes aos dentes naturais. A busca por procedimentos que visem aumentar a adesão entre zircônia, uma cerâmica policristalina, e agente cimentante, é um desafio e tem estimulado o desenvolvimento de diversos estudos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é discutir os diferentes tipos de tratamentos de superfície preconizados para zircônia estabilizada com ítria (Y-TZP), bem como as vantagens e desvantagens descritas na literatura. Materiais e métodos: O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura realizada de artigos científicos publicados entre 2003 e 2019, indexados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed e Scielo. Foram utilizados os seguintes termos de pesquisa: “tratamento de superfície da zircônia”, “tratamento de superfície Y-TZP”, “agente cimentante para zircônia”, “agente cimentante para Y-TZP”, “adesão à zircônia” e “adesão à Y-TZP”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 413 artigos que contemplavam pelo menos um dos critérios de inclusão registrados. No entanto, foram utilizados os dados de um total de 69 artigos que contemplavam todos os critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Os protocolos de tratamento de superfície relatados ainda apresentam limitações quanto ao comportamento de longo prazo da resistência de união. No entanto, quando as características do preparo não são favoráveis à retenção, o jateamento com partículas de Al2O3 revestidas com sílica (30μm) deve ser utilizado, sendo menos agressivo à cerâmica que outros protocolos de jateamento descritos. Quanto ao agente cimentante, recomenda-se sempre o uso de cimentos resinosos que apresentem MDP em sua composição, uma vez que proporcionam ligações químicas estáveis e comportamento adesivo duradouro.

Coffee leaf rust is caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk. and Broome and is the most important coffee disease in all regions where coffee is cultivated. Here, we sought to sequence the transcriptome of H. vastatrix race XXXIII to obtain a database for use as a reference in studies of the interaction between the fungus and coffee. In addition, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes that have the potential to act as effector proteins during the interaction. Sequencing of cDNA libraries from uredospores and from compatible and incompatible interactions at different key time points generated about 162 million trimmed reads. We identified 3523 differentially expressed genes. The results suggested that the fungal transcriptome is dynamically altered over the course of infection and that the interaction with a susceptible plant upregulates a larger set of fungal genes than the interaction with a resistant plant. Co-expression network analysis allowed us to identify candidate genes with the same expression pattern as that of other effectors of H. vastatrix. Quantitative PCR analysis identified seven transcripts that may be effectors involved in the coffee–H. vastatrix interaction. This information provides a basis for obtaining new insights into the molecular mechanisms of infection in this pathosystem. Understanding gene expression during the infection process may contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms leading to the breakdown of resistance by new physiological races of the fungus.

Physiology-based differentiation of SH genes and Hemileia vastatrix races is the principal method employed for the characterization of coffee leaf rust resistance. Based on the gene-for-gene theory, nine major rust resistance genes (SH1-9) have been proposed. However, these genes have not been characterized at the molecular level. Consequently, the lack of molecular data regarding rust resistance genes or candidates is a major bottleneck in coffee breeding. To address this issue, we screened a BAC library with resistance gene analogs (RGAs), identified RGAs, characterized and explored for any SH related candidate genes. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a gene (gene 11), which shares conserved sequences with other SH genes and displays a characteristic polymorphic allele conferring different resistance phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the two RGAs belonging to CC-NBS-LRR revealed more intense diversifying selection in tomato and grape genomes than in coffee. For the first time, the present study has unveiled novel insights into the molecular nature of the SH genes, thereby opening new avenues for coffee rust resistance molecular breeding. The characterized candidate RGA is of particular importance for further biological function analysis in coffee.

Resumo: Diante da circulação simultânea de doenças transmitidas pelo Aedes aegypti no Brasil e dos surtos de dengue, chikungunya e zika, ocorridos de 2014 a 2016, torna-se imprescindível a intensificação nas ações de prevenção e conscientização da população sobre essas doenças. Nesse sentido, o presente Projeto de Extensão teve por objetivo desenvolver atividades de combate ao mosquito e conscientização sobre o tema com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II (6º ao 9º ano). Foram realizados 22 eventos de educação em saúde, com aproximadamente 1.000 alunos, de 10 escolas públicas de Divinópolis/MG. Cada evento incluiu uma palestra, uma apresentação de vídeo, a aplicação de questionários e a distribuição de panfletos informativos sobre as doenças. No questionário com perguntas sobre o tema, aplicado antes e após a apresentação da palestra e vídeo, um aumento significativo na porcentagem de acerto a maioria das perguntas foi observado. No questionário de avaliação da atividade, 85,37% dos alunos consideraram importante a realização da palestra na escola. Diante dos dados obtidos, a abordagem empregada foi considerada eficiente, sensibilizando o público alvo para a importância do tema apresentado e contribuindo para a promoção da educação em saúde no ambiente escolar. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária; Educação em Saúde; Arboviroses A mosquito and three diseases: action to combat Aedes aegypti and awareness on dengue, Chikungunya and Zika in Divinópolis , Minas Gerais, Brazil Abstract: Given the simultaneous circulation of diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti in Brazil and the outbreaks of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika occurring in 2014 to 2016, it is essential to intensify the actions of prevention and awareness of the population about these diseases. In this sense, the purpose of this Extension Project was to develop activities to combat mosquitoes and to raise awareness of this issue with Elementary school students (6th to 9th grade). There were 22 health education events with approximately 1,000 students from 10 public schools in Divinópolis city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Each event included a lecture, a video presentation, the application of questionnaires, and the delivery of informative pamphlets about the diseases. To the questionnaire about the theme, applied before and after the presentation of the lecture and video, a significant increase in the percentage of correct answers most questions was observed. In the questionnaire evaluating the activity, 85.37% of the students considered the lecture at the school relevant. Given the data obtained, the approach employed was considered efficient, sensitizing the target audience to the importance of the theme presented and contributing to the promotion of health education in the school environment. Keywords: University Extension; Health education; Arboviruses Un mosquito y tres enfermedades: acción para combatir el Aedes aegypti y sensibilización sobre el dengue, Chikungunya y Zika en Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil Resumen: Ante la diseminación simultánea de enfermedades transmitidas por el Aedes aegypti en Brasil y de los brotes de Dengue, Chikungunya y Zika ocurridos en 2014 a 2016, se vuelve imprescindible la intensificación en las acciones de prevención y concientización de la población sobre esas enfermedades. En ese sentido, el presente Proyecto de Extensión tuvo por objetivo realizar actividades de combate al mosquito y concientización sobre el tema con alumnos de La Enseñanza Fundamental II (6º al 9º año). Se realizaron 22 eventos de educación en salud con aproximadamente 1.000 alumnos de 10 escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Cada evento incluyó una conferencia, una presentación de vídeo, la aplicación de cuestionarios y la distribución de folletos informativos sobre las enfermedades. En el cuestionario con preguntas sobre el tema, aplicado antes y después de la presentación de la conferencia y vídeo, fue observado un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de acierto la mayoría de las preguntas. En el cuestionario de evaluación de la actividad, 85,37% de los alumnos consideraron importante la realización de la conferencia en la escuela. Ante los datos obtenidos, el enfoque fue considerado eficiente, sensibilizando al público objetivo para la importancia del tema presentado y contribuyendo a la promoción de la educación en salud en el ambiente escolar. Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria; Educación en salud; Arbovirosis