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1. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Pedersen, Thomas Sunn, Abramovic, I., Agostinetti, P., Torres, M. Agredano, Äkäslompolo, S., Belloso, J. Alcuson, Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alhashimi, M., Ali, A., Allen, N., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Angioni, C., Arkhipov, A., Arnold, A., Asad, W., Ascasibar, E., Aumeunier, M. H., Avramidis, K., Aymerich, E., Baek, S. G., Bähner, J., Baillod, A., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Ballinger, S., Banduch, M., Bannmann, S., Navarro, A. Bañón, Barbui, T., Beidler, C., Belafdil, C., Bencze, A., Benndorf, A., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Biletskyi, O., Blackwell, B., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bongiovi, G., Borchardt, M., Borodin, D., Boscary, J., Bosch, H., Bosmann, T., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L., Bottino, A., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K., Buller, S., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Buzás, A., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Mata, K. Camacho, Caminal, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carovani, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, B., Casas, J., Castano-Bardawil, D., Castejon, F., Chaudhary, N., Chelis, I., Chomiczewska, A., Coenen, J. W., Cole, M., Cordella, F., Corre, Y., Crombe, K., Cseh, G., Csillag, B., Damm, H., Day, C., de Baar, M., De la Cal, E., Degenkolbe, S., Demby, A., Denk, S., Dhard, C., Di Siena, A., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Dreval, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D. A., Escoto, F. J., Estrada, T., Fable, E., Fahrenkamp, N., Fanni, A., Faustin, J., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Figacz, W., Flom, E., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freundt, S., Fuchert, G., Fukuyama, M., Füllenbach, F., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., Garcia, K., Regaña, J. M.García, García-Cortés, I., Gaspar, J., Gates, D. A., Geiger, J., Geiger, B., Giudicotti, L., González, A., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Graves, J. P., Green, J., Grelier, E., Greuner, H., Groß, S., Grote, H., Groth, M., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Grün, M., Arnaiz, J. Guerrero, Günter, S., Haak, V., Haas, M., Hacker, P., Hakola, A., Hallenbert, A., Hammond, K., Han, X., Hansen, S. K., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hatzky, R., Hawke, J., Hegedus, S., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Hergenhahn, U., Hidalgo, C., Hindenlang, F., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Hollfeld, K. P., Holtz, A., Hopf, D., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Hubeny, M., Hudson, S., Ida, K., Igitkhanov, Y., Igochine, V., Illy, S., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isobe, M., Jabłczynska, M., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, B., Jakubowski, M., van Vuuren, A. Jansen, Jelonnek, J., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jenzsch, H., Junghanns, P., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J., Kamionka, U., Kandler, M., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kennedy, D., Kharwandikar, A., Khokhlov, M., Kiefer, C., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Knieps, A., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kolesnichenko, Ya I., Könies, A., König, R., Kontula, J., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J., Kozulia, M. M., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krampitz, R., Krause, M., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krier, L., Kriete, D. M., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kuczynski, M., Kühner, G., Kumar, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P. T., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lewerentz, M., Li, C., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Lion, J., Litnovsky, A., Liu, S., Lobsien, J., Loizu, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losada, U., Louche, F., Lunsford, R., Lutsenko, V., Machielsen, M., Mackel, F., Maisano-Brown, J., Maj, O., Makowski, D., Manduchi, G., Maragkoudakis, E., Marchuk, O., Marsen, S., Martines, E., Martinez-Fernandez, J., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K. J., McCormack, O., McNeely, P., Meister, H., Mendelevitch, B., Mendes, S., Merlo, A., Messian, A., Mielczarek, A., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mitteau, R., Moiseenko, V. E., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Motojima, G., Mulas, S., Mulsow, M., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Naulin, V., Neelis, T., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishiza, T., Nishizawa, T., Nührenberg, C., Ochoukov, R., Oelmann, J., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Okamura, S., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Alvarez, N. Panadero, Pandey, A., Pasch, E., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pechstein, G., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plöckl, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Pompe, B., Popov, A., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Pueschel, M. J., Puiatti, M. E., Sitjes, A. Puig, Purps, F., Rahbarnia, K., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, J., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reisner, M., Reiter, D., Richou, M., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Riße, K., Roberg-Clark, G., Rohde, V., Romazanov, J., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, T., Rummel, K., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Salembier, P., Salewski, M., Sanchez, E., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Scharff, E., Schauer, F., Schilling, J., Schlisio, G., Schmid, K., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, T., Schröder, M., Schroeder, R., Schweer, B., Schwörer, D., Scott, E., Shanahan, B., Sias, G., Sichta, P., Singer, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Smoniewski, J., Sonnendrücker, E., Spolaore, M., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stanczak, D., Stange, T., Stepanov, I., Stephey, L., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szücs, M., Tabarés, F. L., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Tantos, C., Terry, J., Thienpondt, H., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trier, E., Mora, H. Trimino, Tsujimura, T., Turkin, Y., Tykhyi, A., Unterberg, B., van Eeten, P., van Milligen, B. Ph, van Schoor, M., Vano, L., Varoutis, S., Vecsei, M., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vogel, G., Vogt, N., Volkhausen, C., von Stechow, A., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, H., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Wegner, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., White, A., Wilde, F., Wilms, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, R., Wright, A. M., Wurden, G. A., Xanthopoulos, P., Xu, S., Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, H., Yokoyama, M., Yoshinuma, M., Yu, Q., Zamanov, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zhang, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zhu, C., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zohm, H., Zoletnik, S., Zsuga, L., Pedersen, Thomas Sunn, Abramovic, I., Agostinetti, P., Torres, M. Agredano, Äkäslompolo, S., Belloso, J. Alcuson, Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alhashimi, M., Ali, A., Allen, N., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Angioni, C., Arkhipov, A., Arnold, A., Asad, W., Ascasibar, E., Aumeunier, M. H., Avramidis, K., Aymerich, E., Baek, S. G., Bähner, J., Baillod, A., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Ballinger, S., Banduch, M., Bannmann, S., Navarro, A. Bañón, Barbui, T., Beidler, C., Belafdil, C., Bencze, A., Benndorf, A., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Biletskyi, O., Blackwell, B., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bongiovi, G., Borchardt, M., Borodin, D., Boscary, J., Bosch, H., Bosmann, T., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L., Bottino, A., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K., Buller, S., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Buzás, A., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Mata, K. Camacho, Caminal, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carovani, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, B., Casas, J., Castano-Bardawil, D., Castejon, F., Chaudhary, N., Chelis, I., Chomiczewska, A., Coenen, J. W., Cole, M., Cordella, F., Corre, Y., Crombe, K., Cseh, G., Csillag, B., Damm, H., Day, C., de Baar, M., De la Cal, E., Degenkolbe, S., Demby, A., Denk, S., Dhard, C., Di Siena, A., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Dreval, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D. A., Escoto, F. J., Estrada, T., Fable, E., Fahrenkamp, N., Fanni, A., Faustin, J., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Figacz, W., Flom, E., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freundt, S., Fuchert, G., Fukuyama, M., Füllenbach, F., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., Garcia, K., Regaña, J. M.García, García-Cortés, I., Gaspar, J., Gates, D. A., Geiger, J., Geiger, B., Giudicotti, L., González, A., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Graves, J. P., Green, J., Grelier, E., Greuner, H., Groß, S., Grote, H., Groth, M., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Grün, M., Arnaiz, J. Guerrero, Günter, S., Haak, V., Haas, M., Hacker, P., Hakola, A., Hallenbert, A., Hammond, K., Han, X., Hansen, S. K., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hatzky, R., Hawke, J., Hegedus, S., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Hergenhahn, U., Hidalgo, C., Hindenlang, F., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Hollfeld, K. P., Holtz, A., Hopf, D., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Hubeny, M., Hudson, S., Ida, K., Igitkhanov, Y., Igochine, V., Illy, S., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isobe, M., Jabłczynska, M., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, B., Jakubowski, M., van Vuuren, A. Jansen, Jelonnek, J., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jenzsch, H., Junghanns, P., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J., Kamionka, U., Kandler, M., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kennedy, D., Kharwandikar, A., Khokhlov, M., Kiefer, C., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Knieps, A., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kolesnichenko, Ya I., Könies, A., König, R., Kontula, J., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J., Kozulia, M. M., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krampitz, R., Krause, M., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krier, L., Kriete, D. M., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kuczynski, M., Kühner, G., Kumar, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P. T., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lewerentz, M., Li, C., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Lion, J., Litnovsky, A., Liu, S., Lobsien, J., Loizu, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losada, U., Louche, F., Lunsford, R., Lutsenko, V., Machielsen, M., Mackel, F., Maisano-Brown, J., Maj, O., Makowski, D., Manduchi, G., Maragkoudakis, E., Marchuk, O., Marsen, S., Martines, E., Martinez-Fernandez, J., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K. J., McCormack, O., McNeely, P., Meister, H., Mendelevitch, B., Mendes, S., Merlo, A., Messian, A., Mielczarek, A., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mitteau, R., Moiseenko, V. E., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Motojima, G., Mulas, S., Mulsow, M., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Naulin, V., Neelis, T., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishiza, T., Nishizawa, T., Nührenberg, C., Ochoukov, R., Oelmann, J., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Okamura, S., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Alvarez, N. Panadero, Pandey, A., Pasch, E., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pechstein, G., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plöckl, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Pompe, B., Popov, A., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Pueschel, M. J., Puiatti, M. E., Sitjes, A. Puig, Purps, F., Rahbarnia, K., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, J., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reisner, M., Reiter, D., Richou, M., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Riße, K., Roberg-Clark, G., Rohde, V., Romazanov, J., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, T., Rummel, K., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Salembier, P., Salewski, M., Sanchez, E., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Scharff, E., Schauer, F., Schilling, J., Schlisio, G., Schmid, K., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, T., Schröder, M., Schroeder, R., Schweer, B., Schwörer, D., Scott, E., Shanahan, B., Sias, G., Sichta, P., Singer, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Smoniewski, J., Sonnendrücker, E., Spolaore, M., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stanczak, D., Stange, T., Stepanov, I., Stephey, L., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szücs, M., Tabarés, F. L., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Tantos, C., Terry, J., Thienpondt, H., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trier, E., Mora, H. Trimino, Tsujimura, T., Turkin, Y., Tykhyi, A., Unterberg, B., van Eeten, P., van Milligen, B. Ph, van Schoor, M., Vano, L., Varoutis, S., Vecsei, M., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vogel, G., Vogt, N., Volkhausen, C., von Stechow, A., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, H., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Wegner, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., White, A., Wilde, F., Wilms, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, R., Wright, A. M., Wurden, G. A., Xanthopoulos, P., Xu, S., Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, H., Yokoyama, M., Yoshinuma, M., Yu, Q., Zamanov, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zhang, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zhu, C., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zohm, H., Zoletnik, S., and Zsuga, L.

Abstract

We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases.

Published
2022

2. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Sunn Pedersen, Thomas, primary, Abramovic, I., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Agredano Torres, M., additional, Äkäslompolo, S., additional, Alcuson Belloso, J., additional, Aleynikov, P., additional, Aleynikova, K., additional, Alhashimi, M., additional, Ali, A., additional, Allen, N., additional, Alonso, A., additional, Anda, G., additional, Andreeva, T., additional, Angioni, C., additional, Arkhipov, A., additional, Arnold, A., additional, Asad, W., additional, Ascasibar, E., additional, Aumeunier, M.-H., additional, Avramidis, K., additional, Aymerich, E., additional, Baek, S.-G., additional, Bähner, J., additional, Baillod, A., additional, Balden, M., additional, Baldzuhn, J., additional, Ballinger, S., additional, Banduch, M., additional, Bannmann, S., additional, Banon Navarro, A., additional, Bañón Navarro, A., additional, Barbui, T., additional, Beidler, C., additional, Belafdil, C., additional, Bencze, A., additional, Benndorf, A., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Biedermann, C., additional, Biletskyi, O., additional, Blackwell, B., additional, Blatzheim, M., additional, Bluhm, T., additional, Böckenhoff, D., additional, Bongiovi, G., additional, Borchardt, M., additional, Borodin, D., additional, Boscary, J., additional, Bosch, H., additional, Bosmann, T., additional, Böswirth, B., additional, Böttger, L., additional, Bottino, A., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Brakel, R., additional, Brandt, C., additional, Bräuer, T., additional, Braune, H., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Brunner, K., additional, Buller, S., additional, Burhenn, R., additional, Bussiahn, R., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Buzás, A., additional, Bykov, V., additional, Calvo, I., additional, Camacho Mata, K., additional, Caminal, I., additional, Cannas, B., additional, Cappa, A., additional, Carls, A., additional, Carovani, F., additional, Carr, M., additional, Carralero, D., additional, Carvalho, B., additional, Casas, J., additional, Castano-Bardawil, D., additional, Castejon, F., additional, Chaudhary, N., additional, Chelis, I., additional, Chomiczewska, A., additional, Coenen, J.W., additional, Cole, M., additional, Cordella, F., additional, Corre, Y., additional, Crombe, K., additional, Cseh, G., additional, Csillag, B., additional, Damm, H., additional, Day, C., additional, de Baar, M., additional, De la Cal, E., additional, Degenkolbe, S., additional, Demby, A., additional, Denk, S., additional, Dhard, C., additional, Di Siena, A., additional, Dinklage, A., additional, Dittmar, T., additional, Dreval, M., additional, Drevlak, M., additional, Drewelow, P., additional, Drews, P., additional, Dunai, D., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Effenberg, F., additional, Ehrke, G., additional, Endler, M., additional, Ennis, D.A., additional, Escoto, F.J., additional, Estrada, T., additional, Fable, E., additional, Fahrenkamp, N., additional, Fanni, A., additional, Faustin, J., additional, Fellinger, J., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Figacz, W., additional, Flom, E., additional, Ford, O., additional, Fornal, T., additional, Frerichs, H., additional, Freundt, S., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Fukuyama, M., additional, Füllenbach, F., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Gao, Y., additional, Garcia, K., additional, García Regaña, J.M., additional, García-Cortés, I., additional, Gaspar, J., additional, Gates, D.A., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Geiger, B., additional, Giudicotti, L., additional, González, A., additional, Goriaev, A., additional, Gradic, D., additional, Grahl, M., additional, Graves, J.P., additional, Green, J., additional, Grelier, E., additional, Greuner, H., additional, Groß, S., additional, Grote, H., additional, Groth, M., additional, Gruca, M., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Grün, M., additional, Guerrero Arnaiz, J., additional, Günter, S., additional, Haak, V., additional, Haas, M., additional, Hacker, P., additional, Hakola, A., additional, Hallenbert, A., additional, Hammond, K., additional, Han, X., additional, Hansen, S.K., additional, Harris, J.H., additional, Hartfuß, H., additional, Hartmann, D., additional, Hathiramani, D., additional, Hatzky, R., additional, Hawke, J., additional, Hegedus, S., additional, Hein, B., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Helander, P., additional, Henneberg, S., additional, Hergenhahn, U., additional, Hidalgo, C., additional, Hindenlang, F., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Höfel, U., additional, Hollfeld, K.P., additional, Holtz, A., additional, Hopf, D., additional, Höschen, D., additional, Houry, M., additional, Howard, J., additional, Huang, X., additional, Hubeny, M., additional, Hudson, S., additional, Ida, K., additional, Igitkhanov, Y., additional, Igochine, V., additional, Illy, S., additional, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., additional, Isobe, M., additional, Jabłczyńska, M., additional, Jablonski, S., additional, Jagielski, B., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Jansen van Vuuren, A., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jenko, F., additional, Jensen, T., additional, Jenzsch, H., additional, Junghanns, P., additional, Kaczmarczyk, J., additional, Kallmeyer, J., additional, Kamionka, U., additional, Kandler, M., additional, Kasilov, S., additional, Kazakov, Y., additional, Kennedy, D., additional, Kharwandikar, A., additional, Khokhlov, M., additional, Kiefer, C., additional, Killer, C., additional, Kirschner, A., additional, Kleiber, R., additional, Klinger, T., additional, Klose, S., additional, Knauer, J., additional, Knieps, A., additional, Köchl, F., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, Kolesnichenko, Ya.I., additional, Könies, A., additional, König, R., additional, Kontula, J., additional, Kornejew, P., additional, Koschinsky, J., additional, Kozulia, M.M., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Krampitz, R., additional, Krause, M., additional, Krawczyk, N., additional, Kremeyer, T., additional, Krier, L., additional, Kriete, D.M., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Ksiazek, I., additional, Kubkowska, M., additional, Kuczynski, M., additional, Kühner, G., additional, Kumar, A., additional, Kurki-Suonio, T., additional, Kwak, S., additional, Landreman, M., additional, Lang, P.T., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Laqua, H.P., additional, Laqua, H., additional, Laube, R., additional, Lazerson, S., additional, Lewerentz, M., additional, Li, C., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Linsmeier, Ch., additional, Lion, J., additional, Litnovsky, A., additional, Liu, S., additional, Lobsien, J., additional, Loizu, J., additional, Lore, J., additional, Lorenz, A., additional, Losada, U., additional, Louche, F., additional, Lunsford, R., additional, Lutsenko, V., additional, Machielsen, M., additional, Mackel, F., additional, Maisano-Brown, J., additional, Maj, O., additional, Makowski, D., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Maragkoudakis, E., additional, Marchuk, O., additional, Marsen, S., additional, Martines, E., additional, Martinez-Fernandez, J., additional, Marushchenko, M., additional, Masuzaki, S., additional, Maurer, D., additional, Mayer, M., additional, McCarthy, K.J., additional, Mccormack, O., additional, McNeely, P., additional, Meister, H., additional, Mendelevitch, B., additional, Mendes, S., additional, Merlo, A., additional, Messian, A., additional, Mielczarek, A., additional, Mishchenko, O., additional, Missal, B., additional, Mitteau, R., additional, Moiseenko, V.E., additional, Mollen, A., additional, Moncada, V., additional, Mönnich, T., additional, Morisaki, T., additional, Moseev, D., additional, Motojima, G., additional, Mulas, S., additional, Mulsow, M., additional, Nagel, M., additional, Naujoks, D., additional, Naulin, V., additional, Neelis, T., additional, Neilson, H., additional, Neu, R., additional, Neubauer, O., additional, Neuner, U., additional, Nicolai, D., additional, Nielsen, S.K., additional, Niemann, H., additional, Nishiza, T., additional, Nishizawa, T., additional, Nührenberg, C., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Oelmann, J., additional, Offermanns, G., additional, Ogawa, K., additional, Okamura, S., additional, Ölmanns, J., additional, Ongena, J., additional, Oosterbeek, J., additional, Otte, M., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Panadero Alvarez, N., additional, Pandey, A., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Pavlichenko, R., additional, Pavone, A., additional, Pawelec, E., additional, Pechstein, G., additional, Pelka, G., additional, Perseo, V., additional, Peterson, B., additional, Pilopp, D., additional, Pingel, S., additional, Pisano, F., additional, Plöckl, B., additional, Plunk, G., additional, Pölöskei, P., additional, Pompe, B., additional, Popov, A., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Proll, J., additional, Pueschel, M.J., additional, Puiatti, M.-E., additional, Puig Sitjes, A., additional, Purps, F., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Rasiński, M., additional, Rasmussen, J., additional, Reiman, A., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Reisner, M., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Richou, M., additional, Riedl, R., additional, Riemann, J., additional, Riße, K., additional, Roberg-Clark, G., additional, Rohde, V., additional, Romazanov, J., additional, Rondeshagen, D., additional, Rong, P., additional, Rudischhauser, L., additional, Rummel, T., additional, Rummel, K., additional, Runov, A., additional, Rust, N., additional, Ryc, L., additional, Salembier, P., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Sanchez, E., additional, Satake, S., additional, Satheeswaran, G., additional, Schacht, J., additional, Scharff, E., additional, Schauer, F., additional, Schilling, J., additional, Schlisio, G., additional, Schmid, K., additional, Schmitt, J., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Schneider, P., additional, Schrittwieser, R., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Schröder, M., additional, Schroeder, R., additional, Schweer, B., additional, Schwörer, D., additional, Scott, E., additional, Shanahan, B., additional, Sias, G., additional, Sichta, P., additional, Singer, M., additional, Sinha, P., additional, Sipliä, S., additional, Slaby, C., additional, Sleczka, M., additional, Smith, H., additional, Smoniewski, J., additional, Sonnendrücker, E., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Spring, A., additional, Stadler, R., additional, Stańczak, D., additional, Stange, T., additional, Stepanov, I., additional, Stephey, L., additional, Stober, J., additional, Stroth, U., additional, Strumberger, E., additional, Suzuki, C., additional, Suzuki, Y., additional, Svensson, J., additional, Szabolics, T., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Szücs, M., additional, Tabarés, F.L., additional, Tamura, N., additional, Tancetti, A., additional, Tantos, C., additional, Terry, J., additional, Thienpondt, H., additional, Thomsen, H., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Travere, J.M., additional, Traverso, P., additional, Tretter, J., additional, Trier, E., additional, Trimino Mora, H., additional, Tsujimura, T., additional, Turkin, Y., additional, Tykhyi, A., additional, Unterberg, B., additional, van Eeten, P., additional, van Milligen, B.Ph., additional, van Schoor, M., additional, Vano, L., additional, Varoutis, S., additional, Vecsei, M., additional, Vela, L., additional, Velasco, J.L., additional, Vervier, M., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Viebke, H., additional, Vilbrandt, R., additional, Vogel, G., additional, Vogt, N., additional, Volkhausen, C., additional, von Stechow, A., additional, Wagner, F., additional, Wang, E., additional, Wang, H., additional, Warmer, F., additional, Wauters, T., additional, Wegener, L., additional, Wegner, T., additional, Weir, G., additional, Wenzel, U., additional, White, A., additional, Wilde, F., additional, Wilms, F., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Winkler, M., additional, Winter, A., additional, Winters, V., additional, Wolf, R., additional, Wright, A.M., additional, Wurden, G.A., additional, Xanthopoulos, P., additional, Xu, S., additional, Yamada, H., additional, Yamaguchi, H., additional, Yokoyama, M., additional, Yoshinuma, M., additional, Yu, Q., additional, Zamanov, M., additional, Zanini, M., additional, Zarnstorff, M., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Zhou, S., additional, Zhu, J., additional, Zhu, C., additional, Zilker, M., additional, Zocco, A., additional, Zohm, H., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and Zsuga, L., additional

Published
2022
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3. Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

W7-X Team, Beidler, C. D., Smith, H. M., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Baldzuhn, J., Beurskens, M. N. A., Borchardt, M., Bozhenkov, S. A., Brunner, K. J., Damm, H., Drevlak, M., Ford, O. P., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Helander, P., Hergenhahn, U., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Kazakov, Ye. O., Kleiber, R., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Neuner, U., Pablant, N. A., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pedersen, T. S., Rahbarnia, K., Schilling, J., Scott, E. R., Stange, T., Svensson, J., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Warmer, F., Wolf, R. C., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Alcusón, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., Bähner, J. P., Baek, S. G., Balden, M., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L.-G., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M., Cole, M. J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., Molin, A. da, Silva, A. da, Pena, A. de la, Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C. P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W. H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Gates, D., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J. H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hollfeld, K. P., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., König, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., Köster, F., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P. A., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maaßberg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J. H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J. W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pawelec, E., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, M., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Spiess, W., Spong, D. A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Vanó, L., Eeten, P. van, Milligen, B. van, Vuuren, A. J. van, Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Stechow, A. von, Vorköper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wegner, T., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Turbulence in Fusion Plasmas, and European Commission

Subjects
Magnetically Confined Plasmas, Tokamak, Design, Helias, Nuclear engineering, Magnetically confined plasmas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, Plasma physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, 010306 general physics, Engineering & allied operations, Stellarator, Physics, Plasma fusion, Multidisciplinary, Toroid, biology, Plasma Physics, Física, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, biology.organism_classification, Energía Nuclear, ddc:620, Wendelstein 7-X
Abstract

Research on magnetic confinement of high-temperature plasmas has the ultimate goal of harnessing nuclear fusion for the production of electricity. Although the tokamak1 is the leading toroidal magnetic-confinement concept, it is not without shortcomings and the fusion community has therefore also pursued alternative concepts such as the stellarator. Unlike axisymmetric tokamaks, stellarators possess a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field geometry. The availability of this additional dimension opens up an extensive configuration space for computational optimization of both the field geometry itself and the current-carrying coils that produce it. Such an optimization was undertaken in designing Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X)2, a large helical-axis advanced stellarator (HELIAS), which began operation in 2015 at Greifswald, Germany. A major drawback of 3D magnetic field geometry, however, is that it introduces a strong temperature dependence into the stellarator’s non-turbulent ‘neoclassical’ energy transport. Indeed, such energy losses will become prohibitive in high-temperature reactor plasmas unless a strong reduction of the geometrical factor associated with this transport can be achieved; such a reduction was therefore a principal goal of the design of W7-X. In spite of the modest heating power currently available, W7-X has already been able to achieve high-temperature plasma conditions during its 2017 and 2018 experimental campaigns, producing record values of the fusion triple product for such stellarator plasmas3,4. The triple product of plasma density, ion temperature and energy confinement time is used in fusion research as a figure of merit, as it must attain a certain threshold value before net-energy-producing operation of a reactor becomes possible1,5. Here we demonstrate that such record values provide evidence for reduced neoclassical energy transport in W7-X, as the plasma profiles that produced these results could not have been obtained in stellarators lacking a comparably high level of neoclassical optimization., Previously documented record values of the fusion triple product in the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X are shown to be evidence for reduced neoclassical energy transport in this optimized device.

Published
2021
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4. Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation

Author

Klinger, T., primary, Andreeva, T., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Brandt, C., additional, Burhenn, R., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Geiger, B., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Laqua, H.P., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Stange, T., additional, von Stechow, A., additional, Tamura, N., additional, Thomsen, H., additional, Turkin, Y., additional, Wegner, T., additional, Abramovic, I., additional, Äkäslompolo, S., additional, Alcuson, J., additional, Aleynikov, P., additional, Aleynikova, K., additional, Ali, A., additional, Alonso, A., additional, Anda, G., additional, Ascasibar, E., additional, Bähner, J.P., additional, Baek, S.G., additional, Balden, M., additional, Baldzuhn, J., additional, Banduch, M., additional, Barbui, T., additional, Behr, W., additional, Beidler, C., additional, Benndorf, A., additional, Biedermann, C., additional, Biel, W., additional, Blackwell, B., additional, Blanco, E., additional, Blatzheim, M., additional, Ballinger, S., additional, Bluhm, T., additional, Böckenhoff, D., additional, Böswirth, B., additional, Böttger, L.-G., additional, Borchardt, M., additional, Borsuk, V., additional, Boscary, J., additional, Bosch, H.-S., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Brakel, R., additional, Brand, H., additional, Bräuer, T., additional, Braune, H., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Brunner, K.-J., additional, Bussiahn, R., additional, Bykov, V., additional, Cai, J., additional, Calvo, I., additional, Cannas, B., additional, Cappa, A., additional, Carls, A., additional, Carralero, D., additional, Carraro, L., additional, Carvalho, B., additional, Castejon, F., additional, Charl, A., additional, Chaudhary, N., additional, Chauvin, D., additional, Chernyshev, F., additional, Cianciosa, M., additional, Citarella, R., additional, Claps, G., additional, Coenen, J., additional, Cole, M., additional, Cole, M.J., additional, Cordella, F., additional, Cseh, G., additional, Czarnecka, A., additional, Czerski, K., additional, Czerwinski, M., additional, Czymek, G., additional, da Molin, A., additional, da Silva, A., additional, Damm, H., additional, de la Pena, A., additional, Degenkolbe, S., additional, Dhard, C.P., additional, Dibon, M., additional, Dinklage, A., additional, Dittmar, T., additional, Drevlak, M., additional, Drewelow, P., additional, Drews, P., additional, Durodie, F., additional, Edlund, E., additional, van Eeten, P., additional, Effenberg, F., additional, Ehrke, G., additional, Elgeti, S., additional, Endler, M., additional, Ennis, D., additional, Esteban, H., additional, Estrada, T., additional, Fellinger, J., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Flom, E., additional, Fernandes, H., additional, Fietz, W.H., additional, Figacz, W., additional, Fontdecaba, J., additional, Ford, O., additional, Fornal, T., additional, Frerichs, H., additional, Freund, A., additional, Funaba, T., additional, Galkowski, A., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Gao, Y., additional, García Regaña, J., additional, Gates, D., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Giannella, V., additional, Gogoleva, A., additional, Goncalves, B., additional, Goriaev, A., additional, Gradic, D., additional, Grahl, M., additional, Green, J., additional, Greuner, H., additional, Grosman, A., additional, Grote, H., additional, Gruca, M., additional, Guerard, C., additional, Hacker, P., additional, Han, X., additional, Harris, J.H., additional, Hartmann, D., additional, Hathiramani, D., additional, Hein, B., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Helander, P., additional, Henneberg, S., additional, Henkel, M., additional, Hernandez Sanchez, J., additional, Hidalgo, C., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Hollfeld, K.P., additional, Höfel, U., additional, Hölting, A., additional, Höschen, D., additional, Houry, M., additional, Howard, J., additional, Huang, X., additional, Huang, Z., additional, Hubeny, M., additional, Huber, M., additional, Hunger, H., additional, Ida, K., additional, Ilkei, T., additional, Illy, S., additional, Israeli, B., additional, Jablonski, S., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jenzsch, H., additional, Jesche, T., additional, Jia, M., additional, Junghanns, P., additional, Kacmarczyk, J., additional, Kallmeyer, J.-P., additional, Kamionka, U., additional, Kasahara, H., additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Kazakov, Y.O., additional, Kenmochi, N., additional, Killer, C., additional, Kirschner, A., additional, Kleiber, R., additional, Knauer, J., additional, Knaup, M., additional, Knieps, A., additional, Kobarg, T., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, Köchl, F., additional, Kolesnichenko, Y., additional, Könies, A., additional, König, R., additional, Kornejew, P., additional, Koschinsky, J.-P., additional, Köster, F., additional, Krämer, M., additional, Krampitz, R., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Krawczyk, N., additional, Kremeyer, T., additional, Krom, J., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Ksiazek, I., additional, Kubkowska, M., additional, Kühner, G., additional, Kurki-Suonio, T., additional, Kurz, P.A., additional, Kwak, S., additional, Landreman, M., additional, Lang, P., additional, Lang, R., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Langish, S., additional, Laqua, H., additional, Laube, R., additional, Lazerson, S., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Lennartz, M., additional, Leonhardt, W., additional, Li, C., additional, Li, Y., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Linsmeier, C., additional, Liu, S., additional, Lobsien, J.-F., additional, Loesser, D., additional, Loizu Cisquella, J., additional, Lore, J., additional, Lorenz, A., additional, Losert, M., additional, Lücke, A., additional, Lumsdaine, A., additional, Lutsenko, V., additional, Maaßberg, H., additional, Marchuk, O., additional, Matthew, J.H., additional, Marsen, S., additional, Marushchenko, M., additional, Masuzaki, S., additional, Maurer, D., additional, Mayer, M., additional, McCarthy, K., additional, McNeely, P., additional, Meier, A., additional, Mellein, D., additional, Mendelevitch, B., additional, Mertens, P., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Mishchenko, A., additional, Missal, B., additional, Mittelstaedt, J., additional, Mizuuchi, T., additional, Mollen, A., additional, Moncada, V., additional, Mönnich, T., additional, Morisaki, T., additional, Moseev, D., additional, Murakami, S., additional, Náfrádi, G., additional, Nagel, M., additional, Naujoks, D., additional, Neilson, H., additional, Neu, R., additional, Neubauer, O., additional, Neuner, U., additional, Ngo, T., additional, Nicolai, D., additional, Nielsen, S.K., additional, Niemann, H., additional, Nishizawa, T., additional, Nocentini, R., additional, Nührenberg, C., additional, Nührenberg, J., additional, Obermayer, S., additional, Offermanns, G., additional, Ogawa, K., additional, Ölmanns, J., additional, Ongena, J., additional, Oosterbeek, J.W., additional, Orozco, G., additional, Otte, M., additional, Pacios Rodriguez, L., additional, Panadero, N., additional, Panadero Alvarez, N., additional, Papenfuß, D., additional, Paqay, S., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Pavone, A., additional, Pawelec, E., additional, Pedersen, T.S., additional, Pelka, G., additional, Perseo, V., additional, Peterson, B., additional, Pilopp, D., additional, Pingel, S., additional, Pisano, F., additional, Plaum, B., additional, Plunk, G., additional, Pölöskei, P., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Proll, J., additional, Puiatti, M.-E., additional, Puig Sitjes, A., additional, Purps, F., additional, Rack, M., additional, Récsei, S., additional, Reiman, A., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Remppel, F., additional, Renard, S., additional, Riedl, R., additional, Riemann, J., additional, Risse, K., additional, Rohde, V., additional, Röhlinger, H., additional, Romé, M., additional, Rondeshagen, D., additional, Rong, P., additional, Roth, B., additional, Rudischhauser, L., additional, Rummel, K., additional, Rummel, T., additional, Runov, A., additional, Rust, N., additional, Ryc, L., additional, Ryosuke, S., additional, Sakamoto, R., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Samartsev, A., additional, Sanchez, E., additional, Sano, F., additional, Satake, S., additional, Schacht, J., additional, Satheeswaran, G., additional, Schauer, F., additional, Scherer, T., additional, Schilling, J., additional, Schlaich, A., additional, Schlisio, G., additional, Schluck, F., additional, Schlüter, K.-H., additional, Schmitt, J., additional, Schmitz, H., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schmuck, S., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Scholz, P., additional, Schrittwieser, R., additional, Schröder, M., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Schroeder, R., additional, Schumacher, H., additional, Schweer, B., additional, Scott, E., additional, Sereda, S., additional, Shanahan, B., additional, Sibilia, M., additional, Sinha, P., additional, Sipliä, S., additional, Slaby, C., additional, Sleczka, M., additional, Smith, H., additional, Spiess, W., additional, Spong, D.A., additional, Spring, A., additional, Stadler, R., additional, Stejner, M., additional, Stephey, L., additional, Stridde, U., additional, Suzuki, C., additional, Svensson, J., additional, Szabó, V., additional, Szabolics, T., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., additional, Tancetti, A., additional, Terry, J., additional, Thomas, J., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Travere, J.M., additional, Traverso, P., additional, Tretter, J., additional, Trimino Mora, H., additional, Tsuchiya, H., additional, Tsujimura, T., additional, Tulipán, S., additional, Unterberg, B., additional, Vakulchyk, I., additional, Valet, S., additional, Vano, L., additional, van Milligen, B., additional, van Vuuren, A.J., additional, Vela, L., additional, Velasco, J.-L., additional, Vergote, M., additional, Vervier, M., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Viebke, H., additional, Vilbrandt, R., additional, Vorköper, A., additional, Wadle, S., additional, Wagner, F., additional, Wang, E., additional, Wang, N., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Warmer, F., additional, Wauters, T., additional, Wegener, L., additional, Weggen, J., additional, Wei, Y., additional, Weir, G., additional, Wendorf, J., additional, Wenzel, U., additional, Werner, A., additional, White, A., additional, Wiegel, B., additional, Wilde, F., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Winkler, M., additional, Winter, A., additional, Winters, V., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Wolf, R.C., additional, Wright, A., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Xanthopoulos, P., additional, Yamada, H., additional, Yamada, I., additional, Yasuhara, R., additional, Yokoyama, M., additional, Zanini, M., additional, Zarnstorff, M., additional, Zeitler, A., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Zhang, H., additional, Zhu, J., additional, Zilker, M., additional, Zocco, A., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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5. Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation

Author

Klinger, T., Andreeva, T., Bozhenkov, S., Brandt, C., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Fuchert, G., Geiger, B., Grulke, O., Laqua, H.P., Pablant, N., Rahbarnia, K., Stange, T., von Stechow, A., Tamura, N., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Wegner, T., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Alcuson, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., Bähner, J.P., Baek, S.G., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Beidler, C., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L.-G., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Beurskens, M., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Bussiahn, R., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M., Cole, M.J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., da Molin, A., da Silva, A., Damm, H., de la Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C.P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W.H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Gates, D., Geiger, J., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J.H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hirsch, M., Hollfeld, K.P., Höfel, U., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kazakov, Y.O., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., König, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., Köster, F., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P.A., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langenberg, A., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maaßberg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J.H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S.K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J.W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pedersen, T.S., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, E., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schilling, J., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Scott, E., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Spiess, W., Spong, D.A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Svensson, J., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J.M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Vano, L., van Milligen, B., van Vuuren, A.J., Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vorköper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wolf, R.C., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Klinger, T., Andreeva, T., Bozhenkov, S., Brandt, C., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Fuchert, G., Geiger, B., Grulke, O., Laqua, H.P., Pablant, N., Rahbarnia, K., Stange, T., von Stechow, A., Tamura, N., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Wegner, T., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Alcuson, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., Bähner, J.P., Baek, S.G., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Beidler, C., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L.-G., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Beurskens, M., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Bussiahn, R., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M., Cole, M.J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., da Molin, A., da Silva, A., Damm, H., de la Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C.P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W.H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Gates, D., Geiger, J., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J.H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hirsch, M., Hollfeld, K.P., Höfel, U., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kazakov, Y.O., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., König, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., Köster, F., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P.A., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langenberg, A., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maaßberg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J.H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S.K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J.W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pedersen, T.S., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, E., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schilling, J., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Scott, E., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Spiess, W., Spong, D.A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Svensson, J., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J.M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Vano, L., van Milligen, B., van Vuuren, A.J., Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vorköper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wolf, R.C., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., and Zuin, M.

Abstract

The optimized superconducting stellarator device Wendelstein 7-X (with major radius , minor radius , and plasma volume) restarted operation after the assembly of a graphite heat shield and 10 inertially cooled island divertor modules. This paper reports on the results from the first high-performance plasma operation. Glow discharge conditioning and ECRH conditioning discharges in helium turned out to be important for density and edge radiation control. Plasma densities of with central electron temperatures were routinely achieved with hydrogen gas fueling, frequently terminated by a radiative collapse. In a first stage, plasma densities up to were reached with hydrogen pellet injection and helium gas fueling. Here, the ions are indirectly heated, and at a central density of a temperature of with was transiently accomplished, which corresponds to with a peak diamagnetic energy of and volume-averaged normalized plasma pressure . The routine access to high plasma densities was opened with boronization of the first wall. After boronization, the oxygen impurity content was reduced by a factor of 10, the carbon impurity content by a factor of 5. The reduced (edge) plasma radiation level gives routinely access to higher densities without radiation collapse, e.g. well above line integrated density and central temperatures at moderate ECRH power. Both X2 and O2 mode ECRH schemes were successfully applied. Core turbulence was measured with a phase contrast imaging diagnostic and suppression of turbulence during pellet injection was observed.

Published
2019

6. Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Wolf, R.C., primary, Ali, A., additional, Alonso, A., additional, Baldzuhn, J., additional, Beidler, C., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Biedermann, C., additional, Bosch, H.-S., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Brakel, R., additional, Dinklage, A., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Helander, P., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Höfel, U., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Knauer, J., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, König, R., additional, Kornejew, P., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Landreman, M., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Laqua, H.P., additional, Lazerson, S., additional, Maaßberg, H., additional, Marsen, S., additional, Marushchenko, M., additional, Moseev, D., additional, Niemann, H., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Schlisio, G., additional, Stange, T., additional, Sunn Pedersen, T., additional, Svensson, J., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Trimino Mora, H., additional, Turkin, Y., additional, Wauters, T., additional, Weir, G., additional, Wenzel, U., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Abramovic, I., additional, Äkäslompolo, S., additional, Aleynikov, P., additional, Aleynikova, K., additional, Alzbutas, R., additional, Anda, G., additional, Andreeva, T., additional, Ascasibar, E., additional, Assmann, J., additional, Baek, S.-G., additional, Banduch, M., additional, Barbui, T., additional, Barlak, M., additional, Baumann, K., additional, Behr, W., additional, Benndorf, A., additional, Bertuch, O., additional, Biel, W., additional, Birus, D., additional, Blackwell, B., additional, Blanco, E., additional, Blatzheim, M., additional, Bluhm, T., additional, Böckenhoff, D., additional, Bolgert, P., additional, Borchardt, M., additional, Borsuk, V., additional, Boscary, J., additional, Böttger, L.-G., 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additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jenzsch, H., additional, Junghans, P., additional, Kacmarczyk, J., additional, Kaliatka, T., additional, Kallmeyer, J.-P., additional, Kamionka, U., additional, Karalevicius, R., additional, Kasahara, H., additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Kenmochi, N., additional, Keunecke, M., additional, Khilchenko, A., additional, Kinna, D., additional, Kleiber, R., additional, Klinger, T., additional, Knaup, M., additional, Kobarg, Th., additional, Köchl, F., additional, Kolesnichenko, Y., additional, Könies, A., additional, Köppen, M., additional, Koshurinov, J., additional, Koslowski, R., additional, Köster, F., additional, Koziol, R., additional, Krämer, M., additional, Krampitz, R., additional, Kraszewsk, P., additional, Krawczyk, N., additional, Kremeyer, T., additional, Krings, Th., additional, Krom, J., additional, Krzesinski, G., additional, Ksiazek, I., additional, Kubkowska, M., additional, Kühner, G., additional, Kurki-Suonio, T., additional, Kwak, S., additional, Lang, R., additional, Langish, S., additional, Laqua, H., additional, Laube, R., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Lennartz, M., additional, Leonhardt, W., additional, Lewerentz, L., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Linsmeier, Ch., additional, Liu, S., additional, Lobsien, J.-F., additional, Loesser, D., additional, Loizu Cisquella, J., additional, Lore, J., additional, Lorenz, A., additional, Losert, M., additional, Lubyako, L., additional, Lücke, A., additional, Lumsdaine, A., additional, Lutsenko, V., additional, Majano-Brown, J., additional, Marchuk, O., additional, Mardenfeld, M., additional, Marek, P., additional, Massidda, S., additional, Masuzaki, S., additional, Maurer, D., additional, McCarthy, K., additional, McNeely, P., additional, Meier, A., additional, Mellein, D., additional, Mendelevitch, B., additional, Mertens, Ph., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Mishchenko, O., additional, Missal, B., additional, Mittelstaedt, J., additional, 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additional, Pingel, S., additional, Pisano, F., additional, Plaum, B., additional, Plunk, G., additional, Povilaitis, M., additional, Preinhaelter, J., additional, Proll, J., additional, Puiatti, M.-E., additional, Puig Sitjes, A., additional, Purps, F., additional, Rack, M., additional, Récsei, S., additional, Reiman, A., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Remppel, F., additional, Renard, S., additional, Riedl, R., additional, Riemann, J., additional, Rimkevicius, S., additional, Riße, K., additional, Rodatos, A., additional, Röhlinger, H., additional, Romé, M., additional, Rong, P., additional, Roscher, H.-J., additional, Roth, B., additional, Rudischhauser, L., additional, Rummel, K., additional, Rummel, T., additional, Runov, A., additional, Rust, N., additional, Ryc, L., additional, Ryosuke, S., additional, Sakamoto, R., additional, Samartsev, A., additional, Sanchez, M., additional, Sano, F., additional, Satake, S., additional, Satheeswaran, G., additional, Schacht, J., additional, Schauer, F., additional, Scherer, T., additional, Schlaich, A., additional, Schlüter, K.-H., additional, Schmitt, J., additional, Schmitz, H., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schmuck, S., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Scholz, M., additional, Scholz, P., additional, Schrittwieser, R., additional, Schröder, M., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Schroeder, R., additional, Schumacher, H., additional, Schweer, B., additional, Shanahan, B., additional, Shikhovtsev, I.V., additional, Sibilia, M., additional, Sinha, P., additional, Sipliä, S., additional, Skodzik, J., additional, Slaby, C., additional, Smith, H., additional, Spiess, W., additional, Spong, D.A., additional, Spring, A., additional, Stadler, R., additional, Standley, B., additional, Stephey, L., additional, Stoneking, M., additional, Stridde, U., additional, Sulek, Z., additional, Surko, C., additional, Suzuki, Y., additional, Szabó, V., additional, Szabolics, T., 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Wei, Y., additional, Wendorf, J., additional, Werner, A., additional, Wiegel, B., additional, Wilde, F., additional, Winkler, E., additional, Winters, V., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Wolowski, J., additional, Wright, A., additional, Xanthopoulos, P., additional, Yamada, H., additional, Yamada, I., additional, Yasuhara, R., additional, Yokoyama, M., additional, Zajac, J., additional, Zarnstorff, M., additional, Zeitler, A., additional, Zhang, H., additional, Zhu, J., additional, Zilker, M., additional, Zimbal, A., additional, Zocco, A., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

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2017
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7. Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Wolf, R.C., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Baldzuhn, J., Beidler, C., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Bosch, H.-S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Dinklage, A., Feng, Y., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Helander, P., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., König, R., Kornejew, P., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krychowiak, M., Landreman, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H.P., Lazerson, S., Maaßberg, H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Moseev, D., Niemann, H., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Schlisio, G., Stange, T., Sunn Pedersen, T., Svensson, J., Szepesi, T., Trimino Mora, H., Turkin, Y., Wauters, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., Windisch, T., Wurden, G., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alzbutas, R., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Ascasibar, E., Assmann, J., Baek, S.-G., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Barlak, M., Baumann, K., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Bertuch, O., Biel, W., Birus, D., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bolgert, P., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Böttger, L.-G., Brand, H., Brandt, Ch., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Brünner, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Ciupiński, Ł., Claps, G., Cole, M., Cole, M.J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czermak, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., da Molin, A., da Silva, A., Dammertz, G., Danielson, J., de la Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Denner, P., Dhard, D.P., Dostal, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, Ph., Dudek, A., Dundulis, G., Durodie, F., van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Erckmann, E., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fahrenkamp, N., Feist, J.-H., Fellinger, J., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W.H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Führer, M., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gates, D., Gawlik, G., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gierse, N., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Haiduk, L., Han, X., Harberts, F., Harris, J.H., Hartfuß, H.-J., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Heitzenroeder, P., Henneberg, S., Hennig, C., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hölbe, H., Hollfeld, K.P., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huber, M., Huber, V., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Ivanov, A., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, J., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Junghans, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kaliatka, T., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Karalevicius, R., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Keunecke, M., Khilchenko, A., Kinna, D., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Knaup, M., Kobarg, Th., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., Köppen, M., Koshurinov, J., Koslowski, R., Köster, F., Koziol, R., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Kraszewsk, P., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krings, Th., Krom, J., Krzesinski, G., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Lewerentz, L., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lubyako, L., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Majano-Brown, J., Marchuk, O., Mardenfeld, M., Marek, P., Massidda, S., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, Ph., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morizaki, T., Munk, R., Murakami, S., Musielok, F., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J.W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Pan, W., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Panin, A., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pelka, G., Peng, X., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pieper, A., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Povilaitis, M., Preinhaelter, J., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Rimkevicius, S., Riße, K., Rodatos, A., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rong, P., Roscher, H.-J., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, M., Sano, F., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schlaich, A., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, M., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Shanahan, B., Shikhovtsev, I.V., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Skodzik, J., Slaby, C., Smith, H., Spiess, W., Spong, D.A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Standley, B., Stephey, L., Stoneking, M., Stridde, U., Sulek, Z., Surko, C., Suzuki, Y., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tamura, N., Terra, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., von Thun, C.P., Timmermann, D., Titus, P., Toi, K., Travere, J.M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Turnyanskiy, M., Unterberg, B., Urban, J., Urbonavicius, E., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., van Millingen, B., Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vorkörper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warmer, F., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wei, Y., Wendorf, J., Werner, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Winkler, E., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wolowski, J., Wright, A., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zajac, J., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zimbal, A., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Wolf, R.C., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Baldzuhn, J., Beidler, C., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Bosch, H.-S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Dinklage, A., Feng, Y., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Helander, P., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., König, R., Kornejew, P., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krychowiak, M., Landreman, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H.P., Lazerson, S., Maaßberg, H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Moseev, D., Niemann, H., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Schlisio, G., Stange, T., Sunn Pedersen, T., Svensson, J., Szepesi, T., Trimino Mora, H., Turkin, Y., Wauters, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., Windisch, T., Wurden, G., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alzbutas, R., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Ascasibar, E., Assmann, J., Baek, S.-G., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Barlak, M., Baumann, K., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Bertuch, O., Biel, W., Birus, D., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bolgert, P., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Böttger, L.-G., Brand, H., Brandt, Ch., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Brünner, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Ciupiński, Ł., Claps, G., Cole, M., Cole, M.J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czermak, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., da Molin, A., da Silva, A., Dammertz, G., Danielson, J., de la Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Denner, P., Dhard, D.P., Dostal, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, Ph., Dudek, A., Dundulis, G., Durodie, F., van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Erckmann, E., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fahrenkamp, N., Feist, J.-H., Fellinger, J., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W.H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Führer, M., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gates, D., Gawlik, G., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gierse, N., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Haiduk, L., Han, X., Harberts, F., Harris, J.H., Hartfuß, H.-J., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Heitzenroeder, P., Henneberg, S., Hennig, C., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hölbe, H., Hollfeld, K.P., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huber, M., Huber, V., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Ivanov, A., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, J., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Junghans, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kaliatka, T., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Karalevicius, R., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Keunecke, M., Khilchenko, A., Kinna, D., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Knaup, M., Kobarg, Th., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., Köppen, M., Koshurinov, J., Koslowski, R., Köster, F., Koziol, R., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Kraszewsk, P., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krings, Th., Krom, J., Krzesinski, G., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Lewerentz, L., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lubyako, L., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Majano-Brown, J., Marchuk, O., Mardenfeld, M., Marek, P., Massidda, S., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, Ph., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morizaki, T., Munk, R., Murakami, S., Musielok, F., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., 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Abstract

After completing the main construction phase of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and successfully commissioning the device, first plasma operation started at the end of 2015. Integral commissioning of plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and an extensive set of plasma diagnostics have been completed, allowing initial physics studies during the first operational campaign. Both in helium and hydrogen, plasma breakdown was easily achieved. Gaining experience with plasma vessel conditioning, discharge lengths could be extended gradually. Eventually, discharges lasted up to 6 s, reaching an injected energy of 4 MJ, which is twice the limit originally agreed for the limiter configuration employed during the first operational campaign. At power levels of 4 MW central electron densities reached 3 × 1019 m−3, central electron temperatures reached values of 7 keV and ion temperatures reached just above 2 keV. Important physics studies during this first operational phase include a first assessment of power balance and energy confinement, ECRH power deposition experiments, 2nd harmonic O-mode ECRH using multi-pass absorption, and current drive experiments using electron cyclotron current drive. As in many plasma discharges the electron temperature exceeds the ion temperature significantly, these plasmas are governed by core electron root confinement showing a strong positive electric field in the plasma centre.

Published
2017

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