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Recent phylogenetic and taxonomic studies resulted in the synonymization of Marlierea into Myrcia. This paper aims to transfer the last Marlierea species to their correct genera, which include not only taxa belonging to Myrcia, but also to Eugenia, Plinia and Siphoneugena. Five new combinations are proposed: Eugenia choriophylla, based on Marlierea choriophylla; Myrcia resupinata, based on Myrtus resupinata; Plinia parvifolia, based on Marlierea parvifolia; Plinia sessiliflora, based on Marlierea sessiliflora; and Siphoneugena martinellii, based on Marlierea martinellii. Two new names are proposed: Myrcia rufopilosa, replacing Myrtus rufa; and Myrcia sintenisiana, replacing Marlierea sintenisii. A new synonym is proposed, Marlierea cordata under Eugenia hirta. Three names, Marlierea capitata, Marlierea involucrata and Marlierea occhionii remain as incertae saedis, and, additionally, we have listed two nomina nuda referenced in the literature as Marlierea.

Studies that address the floristic composition of the Atlantic forest show that Myrtaceae is one of the richest families in number of tree species. In Southern Brazil, Myrtaceae is present mainly in forest formations, such as broadleaf rain forests and broadleaf cloud forests, mixed needle and broadleaf forests (Araucaria forests), and seasonal semi-deciduous forests. The objective of this study was to survey the Myrtaceae of the upper highlands of São Joaquim National Park, to contribute with the knowledge of its flora. Eight genera and 16 species of Myrtaceae were found: Acca sellowiana, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Eugenia handroi, Myrceugenia (8 spp.): M. acutata, M. alpigena, M. euosma, M. miersiana, M. myrcioides, M. oxysepala, M. pilotantha, and M. regnelliana, Myrcia (2 spp.): M. aethusa and M. hartwegiana, Myrrhinium atropurpureum, Psidium salutare, and Siphoneugena reitzii. Descriptions, illustrations, an identification key and commentaries are presented. Other studies about Myrtaceae in highland areas of Southern Brazil present Myrceugenia as the richest genus in species, while other mentioned genera were not registered in SJNP upper highlands. The family’s richness patterns and diversity in a local and regional scale should be better investigated in the Atlantic Forest. Resumo Trabalhos sobre a composição florística da Mata Atlântica mostram que Myrtaceae é uma das famílias mais ricas em número de espécies arbóreas. No Sul do Brasil Myrtaceae está presente principalmente em formações florestais, como as florestas pluviais latifoliadas, florestas nebulares latifoliadas, florestas mistas lati-aciculifoliadas (mata com Araucaria) e as florestas estacionais semideciduais. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar o tratamento florístico das espécies de Myrtaceae encontradas nas áreas altomontanas do Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, para contribuir com o conhecimento de sua flora. Foram registrados oito gêneros e 16 espécies de Myrtaceae: Acca sellowiana, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Eugenia handroi, Myrceugenia (8 spp.): M. acutata, M. alpigena, M. euosma, M. miersiana, M. myrcioides, M. oxysepala, M. pilotantha e M. regnelliana, Myrcia (2 spp.): M. aethusa e M. hartwegiana, Myrrhinium atropurpureum, Psidium salutare e Siphoneugena reitzii. São apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e uma chave de identificação e comentários. Outros estudos sobre Myrtaceae em áreas altomontanas da Região Sul do Brasil apresentaram Myrceugenia como o gênero mais rico em espécies, enquanto outros gêneros citados não foram registrados nas regiões altomontanas do PNSJ. Os padrões de riqueza e diversidade da família em escala local e regional devem ser melhor investigados na Mata Atlântica.

Siphoneugena Berg (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) is a small eugenioid genus with eight species ranging from Puerto Rico to Northern Argentina with the centre of diversity in Southeastern Brazil. Keys to the species and varieties are provided, as well as synonyms, descriptions, illustrations and a map of geographical occurrence. Two new taxa are described from Brazil: Siphoneugena guilfoyleiana C. Proença, the only species to occur in sandy maritime vegetation on the Ilha do Cardoso, state of São Paulo and S. densiflora Berg var. cipoensis C. Proença, an endemic of the Serra do Cipó mountain range in the state of Minas Gerais. A new combination S. dussii (Krug & Urban) C. Proença based on Marlierea dussii, is made for a species that grows in Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam and the West Indies. This study confirms current opinions as to the low taxonomic value of open versus closed calyces in establishing natural genera within the Myrtaceae.Revisão de Siphoneugena BergSiphoneugena Berg (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) é um pequeno gênero eugenióide que se distribuide Porto Rico ao Norte da Argentina com centro de diversidade no Sudeste do Brasil. São fornecidas chaves para o gênero e para as oito espécies e duas variedades, bem como sinonimia completa, descrições, ilustrações, e mapa de distribuçião geográfica. Dois novos taxons brasileiros são descritos: Siphoneugena guilfoyleiana C. Proença, que ocorre nas restingas da Ilha do Cardoso (São Paulo) e S. densiflora Berg var. cipoensis C. Proença, endêmica da Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais). A nova combinação S. dussii (Krug & Urban) C. Proença, baseada em Marlierea dussii é feita para uma espécie da Venezuela, Guiana, Suriname e Antilhas. Este trabalho confirma o baixo valor taxonômico da forma de antese (botões florais fechados ou abertos) na delimitação de gêneros naturais em Myrtaceae.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:48Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:38:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-33846871926.pdf: 4031073 bytes, checksum: 064f3cc5d3e44434b3481136f4ec9223 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-01-01 This is a floristic survey of Myrtaceae in the Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais. Fifty two species were found belonging to 12 genera - Myrcia with 17 species, Eugenia with nine, Campomanesia and Myrciaria with five species each, Psidium with four, Siphoneugena with three, Blepharocalyx, Calyptranthes, Marlierea and Myrceugenia with two species each, and Accara and Plinia with one species each. Descriptions of the genera and species, identification keys, geographical distributions, illustrations and comments are provided. © 2005 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG. Mestre em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de Botânica UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro UNESP - Campus de Rio Claro, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro UNESP - Campus de Rio Claro, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP

Siphoneugena delicata Sobral & Proenca (Myrtaceae), from the montane Atlantic forests of the Brazilian states of Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais, is described and illustrated. The new species is related to S. guilfoyleiana Proenca, known until now only from the restinga vegetation in the state of Sao Paulo, and S. reitzii D. Legrand, from montane habitats from southern Brazil. It is distinguished from both by the shrubby habit, smaller leaves to 12 mm long with the midvein plane or sulcate adaxially, and clearly apiculate flower buds. Additionally, it is set apart from S. guilfoyleiana by the puberulous branches and deciduous bracteoles and from S. reitzii by the markedly rugose bark.

9.1. Siphoneugena crassifolia (O.Berg) Proença & Sobral, comb. nov. Basionym: Eugenia crassifolia DC., Prodr. 3: 266. 1828 (type: " In Brasiliae sylvis primaevis provinciae São Paulo ", Martius s.n., M). = Siphoneugena widgreniana O.Berg, Fl. Bras. 14(1): 379. 1857 (type: Minas Gerais, Widgren 541, BR)., Published as part of Sobral, M., Souza, M. C., Mazine-Capelo, F. & Lucas, E., 2010, Nomenclatural notes on Brazilian Myrtaceae, pp. 51-58 in Phytotaxa 8 on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4895255

Siphoneugena Berg (Myrtaceae) is a small eugenioid genus segregated from Eugenia by Berg. The phytochemical survey of Siphoneugena densiflora was carried out in order to find secondary metabolites which may be considered as chemotaxonomic characters and help to distinguish between the two genera. Five novel hydrolysable tannins were isolated from the methanolic extract of root bark and were characterized as ellagic acid 4-O-alpha-L-2"-O- and its isomer 4-O-alpha-L-3"-O-acetylrhamnopyranoside, siphoneugenin, that supports a new aglycone with a dibenzo-1,4-dioxin structure, 3,4'-di-O-methylellagic acid 4-O-beta-D-6"-O- and 4-O-beta-D-3",6"-diacetylglucopyranoside, accompanied by ellagic acid 4-O-alpha-L-4"-O-acetylrhamnopyranoside, eschweilenol C, sitosterol, daucosterol, rhamnose, casuarinin, castalagin, ellagic, gallic and syringic acids. From methanolic extract of leaves, in addition to the well known compounds quercetin, quercitrin, guiajaverin, reynoutrin, chebuloside II, terminolic, madecassic and asiatic acids, lupeol, alpha- and beta-amyrin, a new pentacyclic triterpene was isolated and named as beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2alpha,3beta,6beta-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-ate. Structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, along with the comparison of the data reported in the literature. Siphoneugena Berg (Myrtaceae) é um pequeno gênero eugenióide segregado de Eugenia por Berg. A investigação fitoquímica de Siphoneugena densiflora foi realizada com o objetivo de se descobrir metabólitos secundários que possam ser considerados marcadores quimiotaxonômicos e auxiliar na distinção entre os dois gêneros. Cinco taninos hidrolisáveis inéditos foram isolados do extrato metanólico da casca da raiz e caracterizados como 4-O-alfa-L-2"-O- e seu isômero 4-O-alfa-L-3"-O-acetilramnopiranosídeo do ácido elágico, siphoneugenina, constituído por uma nova aglicona de estrutura dibenzo-1,4-dioxínica, 4-O-beta-D-6"- e 4-O-beta-D-3",6"-di-O-acetilglucopiranosídeo do ácido 3,4'-di-O-metilelágico, juntamente com o 4-O-alfa-L-4"-O-acetilramnopiranosídeo do ácido elágico, eschweilenol C, sitosterol, daucosterol, ramnose, casuarinina, castalagina e ácidos elágico, gálico e siríngico. Do extrato metanólico das folhas, além dos compostos conhecidos como a quercetina, quercitrina, guiajaverina, reinoutrina, chebulosídeo II, ácidos terminólico, madecássico e asiático, lupeol, alfa- e beta-amirina, foi isolado um novo triterpeno pentacíclico nomeado como 2alfa,3beta,6beta-triidroxiolean-12-en-28-ato de beta-D-glucopiranosila. Todas as substâncias foram identificadas através da análise dos dados espectrais e químicos obtidos, além da comparação com dados relatados na literatura.

The essential oil was obtained from fresh leaves of Siphoneugena reitzii, collected in South Brazil, and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-seven compounds were identified representing 95.2% of the oil. The major components were α-pinene (37.3%) and β-pinene (19.3%).

This study aimed to describe the floristic-structural pattern, ecological characteristics and potentials of Myrtaceae in the Caveiras River Basin. The studied Myrtaceae communities are localized in Santa Catarina Southern Plateau – municipalities of Lages, Sao Jose do Cerrito and Urupema. Four sampling units were installed in each municipality, totaling a sampling area of 30,000 m2. All Myrtaceae individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were surveyed within the sampling units. The Myrtaceae community structure was assessed through phytosociological descriptors and the sampling sufficiency was verified using the rarefaction method. The ecological approach, as well as the indication of non-timber use of Myrtaceae resources was inferred from a specialized bibliography and scientific database. 1,480 Myrtaceae individuals were sampled, totaling 21 species and 11 genera. The most abundant species were Myrceugenia euosma, Siphoneugena reitzii and Myrcia palustris, which represent more than 50% of the community structure. Regarding the ecological classification, the late secondary group was the most expressive (57%). The sampled species are recommended for the restoration of altered areas, ornamental (100%) as well as phytotherapic use (60%). Despite the Myrtaceae representativeness and potentials, further research is necessary to support conservation through management plans.