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This writing aims to highlight the pure values of the beauty of language in the rinait (mantra) of the Kadazandusun community in Sabah which is now increasingly marginalized and forgotten by the younger generation in its supporting community. Norjietta Taisin (2014) stated that they are more influenced by modern songs and in addition those who recite and sing rinait consist of the elderly. It requires skill to sing it as well as pronounce each unique word found in the rinait verse (mantra) while efforts to document the literary output are very few. In this study, the method used is qualitative through interviewing respondents who are knowledgeable about rinait practices such as bobolian (shaman). Field research has also been carried out by participating in ceremonies carried out related to rinait. Some of the rinait obtained from the respondents found that there are hidden values in some lexical items that are said to have the beauty of the language in the rinait (mantra). The noble values identified in the rinait can be applied by teachers in language education to form people who are balanced physically, emotionally, spiritually, intellectually and socially. The impact of noble values will reflect a harmonious life atmosphere in creating national integration in Malaysia. Meanwhile. Some of the lexical items that have been identified also provide an alternative space in the formation of new terms for Kadazandusun language education, which are most likely to be suitable to be applied to the Malay language and thus potentially contribute to the source of Malay language terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computer-aided language translation using a Machine translation (MT) is an application performed by computers (machines) that translates one natural language to another. There are many online language translation tools, but thus far none offers a sequence of text translations for the under-resourced Kadazandusun language. Although there are web-based and mobile applications of Kadazandusun dictionaries available, the systems do not translate more than one word. Hence, this paper aims to present the discussion of the preliminary translation of Malay to Kadazandusun. The basic word-to-word with dictionary alignment translation based on Direct Machine Translation (DMT) is selected to begin the exploration of the translation domain where DMT is one of the earliest translation methods which relies on the word-to-word approach (sequence-to-sequence model). This paper aims to investigate the under-resourced language and the task of translating from the Malay language to the Kadazandusun language or vice versa. This paper presents the application and the process as well as the results of the system according to the basic Kadazandusun word arrangement (Verb-Subject-Object) and its translation quality using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score. Several phases are involved during the process, including data collection (word pair translation), preprocessing, text selection, translation procedures, and performance evaluation. The preliminary language translation approach is proven to be capable of producing up to 0.5 BLEU scores which indicate that the translation is readable, however, requires post-editing for better comprehension. The findings are significant for the quality of the under-resourced language translation and as a starting point for other machine translation methodologies such as statistical or deep learning-based translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this modern era, the essay writing techniques are required to be aligned with the sustainability in acquiring information through digital and virtual materials. In getting research results, which are innovative, creative, and critical, this research was conducted to measure the validity, stability, and consistency of essay writing structuring techniques by using the interactive multimedia graphic materials. A quasi-experimental method is used based on the quantitative research design. The sample consists of 30 secondary school students in Shah Alam, Selangor. The data were analyzed descriptively through mean and standard deviation. The data were also tested by inference using ANCOVA statistics. The results showed a significant difference, that is, F=13.3, at the level of <0.05. The implication of this research is that the knowledge of the interactive multimedia graphic material is essential to the technical structure in essay writing especially when involving the writing skills element, namely in the Learning and Facilitation (PdPc) of Malay language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]