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5. New analytical expressions for dark current calculations of highly doped regions in semiconductor devices

Author

Burgers, A.R., Leguijt, Cor, Lolgen, Peter, and Sinke, Wim C.

Subjects
Electric currents -- Analysis, Semiconductor doping -- Usage, Semiconductors -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The transformation of transport equations to a simple dimensionless form helps in understanding the analytical dark current expressions. Dark current is a major parameter of the highly-doped quasi-neutral regions of semiconductor devices. The dimensionless form gives a nonlinear first order differential equation for the effective recombination velocity. The derivation yields two accurate expressions for the dark current, which are valid for general doping profiles.

Published
1997

7. PV Quality and Economy

Author

Adinolfi, Giovanna, Agostinelli, Guido, Asali, Karim, Azzopardi, Brian, Bett, Andreas W., Chiantore, Paolo, Venizelos Efthymiou, P. Funtan, Gottschalg, Ralph, Goma, Elias Garcia, N. Henze, Jäger-Waldau, Arnulf, Jahn, Ulrike, Makrides, George, Malbranche, Philippe, Moser, David, Mints, Paula, Hernandez, Guillermo Oviedo, Protogeropoulos, Christos, Risita, Miki, Sample, Tony, Salas, Vincente, Sinke, Wim C, Topic, Marko, Ulbrich, Carolin, Iseghem, Mike Van, Voroshazi, Eszter, Wade, Andreas, Weeda, Vincent, Wirth, Harry, and Woyte, Achim

Published
2018
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8. PV Quality and Economy

Author

OVIEDO HERNANDEZ, Guillermo, Giovanna, Adinolfi, Guido, Agostinelli, Karim, Asali, Brian, Azzopardi, Andreas, Bett, Paolo, Chiantore, Venizelos, Efthymiou, Peter, Funtan, Ralph, Gottschalg, Elias Garcia Goma, Norbert, Henze, Arnulf, Jäger-Waldau, Ulrike, Jahn, George, Makrides, Philippe, Malbranche, David, Moser, Paula, Mints, Christos, Protogeropoulos, Miki, Risita, Tony, Sample, Vincente, Salas, Sinke, Wim C., Marko, Topic, Carolin, Ulbrich, Mike Van Iseghem, Eszter, Voroshazi, Andreas, Wade, Vincent, Weeda, Harry, Wirth, and Achim, Woyte

Subjects
Photovoltaics, Energy Pay-Back Time (EPBT), LCOE, Solar, Photovoltaics, LCOE, Energy Pay-Back Time (EPBT), Product Environmental Footprint (PEF), Product Environmental Footprint (PEF), Solar
Published
2018

11. Silicon surface passivation by organic mololayers: minority charge carrier lifetime measurements and Kelvin probe investigations

Author

Sieval, Alexander B., Huisman, Carolien, L., Schonecker, Axel, Schuurmans, Frank M., Heide, Arvid S.H. van der, Goossens, Albert, Sinke, Wim C., Zuilhof, Han, and Sudholter, Ernst J.R.

Subjects
Monomolecular films -- Spectra, Organic compounds -- Spectra, Silicon -- Chemical properties, Silicon -- Spectra, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The silicon surface passivation of monolayers of organic compounds that are bound to Si surfaces by a covalent Si-C bond is investigated. Modulated free carrier absorption (MFCA) measurements show that, maximum effective lifetimes of the minority charge carriers of 130 mus can be obtained on 1-2 omega.cm p-type Si (100) surfaces modified with a monolayer derived from CH2=CH-(CH2)8-C(=O)-O-CH3. Kelvin probe measurements show that there is a slow shift of the Fermi level of the semiconductor under illumination.

Published
2003

12. The energy payback time of advanced crystalline silicon PV modules in 2020: A prospective study

Author

Mann, Sander A., De Wild-Scholten, Mariska J., Fthenakis, Vasilis M., Van Sark, Wilfried G J H M, Sinke, Wim C., Energy System Analysis, and Energy and Resources

Subjects
Life cycle assessment, Prospective, Roadmap, valorisation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Taverne, Energy payback time, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystalline silicon PV, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

The photovoltaic (PV) market is experiencing vigorous growth, whereas prices are dropping rapidly. This growth has in large part been possible through public support, deserved for its promise to produce electricity at a low cost to the environment. It is therefore important to monitor and minimize environmental impacts associated with PV technologies. In this work, we forecast the environmental performance of crystalline silicon technologies in 2020, the year in which electricity from PV is anticipated to be competitive with wholesale electricity costs all across Europe. Our forecasts are based on technological scenario development and a prospective life cycle assessment with a thorough uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. We estimate that the energy payback time at an in-plane irradiation of 1700 kWh/(m2 year) of crystalline silicon modules can be reduced to below 0.5 years by 2020, which is less than half of the current energy payback time.

Published
2014

14. Wafer-Based Crystalline Silicon Modules at 1€/Wp: Final Results from the CRYSTALCLEAR Integrated Project

Author

Sinke, Wim C., Hooff, Wijnand van, Coletti, Gianluca, Ehlen, Boukje, Reber, Stefan, John, Joachim, Beaucarne, Guy, Kerschaver, Emmanuel van, Wild-Scholten, Mariska de, Metz, Axel, and Hahn, Giso

Subjects
multicrystalline silicon, LCA, c-Si, ddc:530, back contact, Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells, manufacturing and processing, cost reduction, silicon solar cell, Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology, module manufacturing
Abstract

24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 845-856, CrystalClear was an EU co-financed Integrated Project aimed at developing technology for waferbased silicon solar modules at 1 € per watt-peak manufacturing costs and a strongly improved environmental profile. The project consortium has selected a number of technologies that potentially comply with these aims as well as research that serves as basis for further developments (beyond the project aims). These technologies have been demonstrated in the form of demonstrators, i.e. full-size modules featuring all innovations necessary to comply with the aims. The project has shown that wafer-based multicrystalline-silicon solar modules can be produced at 1 € per watt-peak at a world-record efficiency of 16% and an energy pay-back time of less than 2 years in Southern Europe.

Published
2009
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16. Solid-state organic solar cells

Author

Sinke, Wim c. and Wienk, Martijn M.

Subjects
Photochemical research -- Observations, Solar cells -- Observations, Solid state chemistry -- Observations, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Bach and colleagues have described a new type of solar cell which is more efficient that other solid-state organic devices. The new approach uses an amorphous conducting material and the development of an organic hole-transport material (HTM) whereby positive charges move from one molecule to another. The amorphous state is predicted to form a better interface with dye-covered TiO(sub2) electrodes.

Published
1998

17. The Impact of Silicon Feedstock on the PV Module Cost

Author

Coso Sánchez, Gonzalo del, Cañizo Nadal, Carlos del, Sinke, Wim C., Coso Sánchez, Gonzalo del, Cañizo Nadal, Carlos del, and Sinke, Wim C.

Abstract

The impact of the use of new (solar grade) silicon feedstock materials on the manufacturing cost of wafer-based crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is analyzed considering effects of material cost, efficiency of utilisation, and quality. Calculations based on data provided by European industry partners are presented for a baseline manufacturing technology and for four advanced wafer silicon technologies which may be ready for industrial implementation in the near future. Iso-cost curves show the technology parameter combinations that yield a constant total module cost for varying feedstock cost, silicon utilisation, and cell efficiency. A large variation of feedstock cost for different production processes, from near semiconductor grade Si (30 €/kg) to upgraded metallurgical grade Si (10 €/kg), changes the cost of crystalline silicon modules by 11% for present module technologies or by 7% for advanced technologies, if the cell efficiency can be maintained. However, this cost advantage is completely lost if cell efficiency is reduced, due to quality degradation, by an absolute 1.7% for present module technology or by an absolute 1.3% for advanced technologies.

Published
2010

27. A STRATEGIC RESEARCH AGENDA FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Author

Sinke, Wim C., Ballif, Christophe, Bett, Andreas, Dimmler, Bernhard, Dimova-Malinovska, Doriana, Fath, Peter, Mason, Nigel, Ferrazza, Francesca, Gabler, Hansjörg, Hall, Maria, Marti, Antonio, Mellikov, Enn, Milner, Anton, Mogensen, Paul, Panhuber, Christoph, Pearsall, Nicola, Poortmans, Jef, Protogeropoulos, Christos, Sarre, Guy, Sarti, Domonique, StrauB, Philipp, Topic, Marko, van Zolingen, Ronald, and Zdanowicz, Tadeusz

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